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2018
Physical Chemistry of Soft Matter and Polymers
Physical Chemistry of Soft Matter and Polymers
Lecture:
Prof. Dr. Cornelia Palivan (Tel: 0612073839, [email protected])
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meier (Tel: 0612073802, [email protected])
Exercises, experiments, presentations:
• Dr. Jens Gaitzsch (Tel: 0612073832, [email protected])
• Dr. Ioana Craciun (Tel: 0612075790, [email protected])
• Dr. Martina Garni (Tel: 0612075793, [email protected])
• Dr. Saziye Yorulmaz Avsar (Tel: 0612075790, [email protected])
PCSP
How: Lecture, exercises, presentations, experiments
When: Lecture: Do, 10:15 -12h, PC, Big lecture hall
Fr, 10:15-12h, PC, Small lecture room
www.chemie.unibas.ch > Chemistry online > PCSP
- Slides for each lecture will be uploaded
- Exercises, presentations, experiments: details on 21.09.2018
Inhalt
1. Introduction
2. Forces in colloidal systems and self-assembly
3. Structure and properties of micelles
4. Colloidal stability and interfaces
5. Monolayers and bilayers
6. Soft biological materials
7. Methods for characterization of colloidal systems and surfaces
1. Colloidal Systems
2. Polymers- rubber elasticity
G. M. Kontogeorgis, S. Kill, Introduction to applied colloid andsurface chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2016
L.S. Hirt, Fundamentals of soft matter science, CRC Press,2013.
D. F. Evans, H. Wennerstrom, The colloidal domain, Wiley-VCH, second edition, 2014.
B. Kronberg, K. Holmberg, B. Lindman, Surface chemistry ofsurfactants and polymers, Wiley- VCH, 2017.
References:
PCSP
Why are colloidal systems important?
• How do detergents really clean?
• Why are mercury droplets able to roll around without wetting a
surface?
• Why are water droplets able to roll around on a lotus leaf?
• Why is the colour of the sky different on the sunset?
• Why does an Ouzo drink change its transparency when water is
added?
• Why are butterflies non-sticky?
• How can the delivery of drugs be improved in the body?
• …
Colloidal domain
Galaxy
100000 Ly
10 - 1000 µm
2 - 10 nm
Biomolecules DNA, Proteins
New Materials
Physical chemistry: colloids and surfaces
Physical chemistry is based on mathematics to prove concepts, to
analyse experiments and to understand phenomena.
Various models will be presented, various solutions will requireformulas, and will support specific applications.
Colloids and surfaces are interdisciplinary domains: where physics,chemistry, biology and technology meet
Introduction
Examples of colloids and interfaces
History of colloid science
What are the colloids and interfaces?
Classification of colloids
Key properties of colloids
Preparation of colloidal systems
What do we know from other PC lectures?Physical aggregation states solids
liquids
gases
Heat
Plasma: non-classic physical state
Lamp with plasma state
Atmosphere of the Sun
Polarlight
Is discussed in other PC lectures…
Examples in the nature
Colloids
Examples in day-by-day life
Colloids
Examples in industry
Colloids
History of colloid and surface chemistry
o 1845 Fransesco Selmi: „pseudo-solutions“ Prussian blue in water
o 1850 Michael Faraday: Au particles in water
o1861 Thomas Graham: „colloids“ (AgCl in water)
colloidal particles > 1nm (diameter)
o 1913 James McBarn: „micelles“ (Na palmitate solutions)
o1945 - theory of the stability of colloidal sols: Derjaguin-Landau andVerway-Overbeek (DLVO theory)
Colloids:
Surfaces:o 1757 Benjamin Franklin: oil-water interface
o1891 Agnes Pockels: water pressure > Rayleigh > "Nature“
Clasification of colloidsParticle Medium Name Nature Technology
liquid gas aerosol clouds Spray, smog
solid gas aerosol volcanic smoke, polen Drugs spray
gas liquid foam polluted rivers, vacuoles Fire extingtors
liquid liquid emulsion milk, bio-membranes Drug delivery, paints
solid liquid Colloidalsol/dispersion
river water, muddy water Paints, ink, sol-gel processing
gas solid Solid foam pumice Styrofoams, zeolites
liquid solid Gel/porousmaterial
opals, pearl plastics
solid solid Solid dispersion wood composites
What are colloids and interfaces?Colloids:
o Colloid (disperse phase) = a dispersion of droplets/particles of onematerial in another material, that does not settle out under gravity.
medium« particle » +
Colloid
o Colloid particles = size or one of the key dimensions = 1nm up to 1 µm.
oExceptions: larger particles : 10 up to 50 µm
Scales in colloid systems and interfaces
What are interfaces?Surfaces/interfaces:
o Surface or interface = dividing lines/borders between two differentphases.
oSurfaces/interfaces have a certain thickness – the order of moleculardiameter
oTypes of interfaces:
Clasification of colloidsa. According to the state of the disperse phase and medium
b. According to the stability of the disperse phase and medium
c. According to the relation between the disperse phase and the medium
Particles Medium
gas liquid solid
gas - foam solid foam
liquid aerosol emulsion gel/porousmaterial
solid aerosol sol/dispersion solid dispersion
a. According to the state of the disperse phase and medium
Clasification of colloids
b. According to the stability of the disperse phase and medium:
- Colloid dispersions – TD instable
- Association colloids – TD stable
- Complex colloids – complex TD stability/instability
Clasification of colloids
c. According to the relation between the disperse phase and the medium:
-Lyophobic colloids (solvent hating)
TD unstable
-Lyophilic colloids (solvent attracting)
TD stable
Au nanoparticles for medicalapplications
PEG solution
Clasification of colloidsc. According to the relation between the disperse phase and water:
- Hydrophobic colloids (water hating): TD unstable
- Hydrophilic colloids (water attracting): TD stable
-Amphiphilic colloids:
-Surfaces are hydrophilic and hydrophobic as well.
Key properties of colloids Colloids are based on minimum 2 components: disperse phase
(droplets, particles) and continuous phase (medium)
Size of colloidal particles: > 1 nm up to 10 µm
Disperse phase has a very large surface area-to-volume ratio
The energy of the interparticle interactions ∼ kBT
Many colloids have a non-transparent appearance (milky)
Shapes of colloids
Preparation methods Colloids are prepared by a variety opf methods depending on the physical
state of the disperse phase and of the medium.
-grinding and milling methods
-Precipitation or the reduction of the solubility of a substance
- sneezing methods
-shaking methods
-- tearing apart a spray of liquid with as jet of air
?
Introduction
Examples of colloids and interfaces
History of colloid science
What are the colloids and interfaces?
Classification of colloids
Key properties of colloids
Preparation of colloidal systems
