Upload
jocelyn-cleveland
View
84
Download
6
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
物理學、物理學家與電腦的歷史. Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers 東海大學數學系 ‧ 環科系 ‧ 物理系 計算科學總論. Computer : 原意為計算員,通常指探勘、測量相關工作之計算 起源:數學表的製作 — 對數表、三角函數表等 用途: 船員使用的航海表 天文學家使用的星表 保險人員使用的人壽保險表 建築師使用的土木工程表. 英國自 1766 年起每年制訂一份航海表,稱為「 Nautical Almanac 」,為船員必備聖經。. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Physics, Physicists and the History of Computation and Computers
Computer1766Nautical Almanac
Charlies Babbage1791-1871Babbage1823(Difference Engine No.1
Babbage's Difference Engine No.2
BabbageAda Lovelace1815~1852 Analytical Engine
George Boole
Boole1847~1852Boolean
Boolean{0,1}FALSETRUEORANDNOT
Lord Kelvin (1824~1907) Lord Kelvin 1876 1950
Herman Hollerith (1859~1929)
1790188021000HollerithTabulator1890
Tabulator 1890 62,622,250
Thomas J. Watson1874~1956Watson & IBM1914 Watson CTRComputing Tabulating Recording Co. Hollerith1924 International Business Machine Co. IBM1929IBM
Konard Zuse (1910~1995)Z11936ZusePlankalkul
Z1 1943 Zuse 1989 Z1
1941ZuseZ3Z1Z35~10Hz0.73419441960Z3
J.V. Atanasoff & C. Berry1941 : ABC Atanasoff-BerryComputerDrum DRAM ENIACAtanasoff
1941 : Harvard Mark IIBMAutomatic Sequence Controlled CalculatorIBM Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900~1973)
J.P. Eckert (1919~1995)J.W. Mauchly (1907~1980)1946 : ENIACENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerEckertMauchly194511150kW18000400100Hz50004001955
1920~306020193515ENIAC
vs. 1944John von Neumann1903~1957 ENIACEckertJohn von Neumann1903~1957
Logic Gate(a) B=A(b) B=
"OR" gate: C=AB
ABC000011101111
240+204
ENIAC ENIAC
1. 2. 3.
Mauchlystored-program comptuer
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic ComputerENIACENIACEDVAC
EDVAC ENIAC EDVAC
1.ENIAC2.3.
Mercury Delay LineEckert1000
EDVAC
EDVAC3600ENIAC
1945 First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC Eckert
Magnetic Core Memory1950MITJ.Forrester01
1954UNIVAC
2mm/1.3mm0.18/0.10
0.5/0.31638432bit32128X12816cmX16cm5242881968
19501954Texas Instrument1956UNIVAC
1957: Fairchild Semicon. Gordon Moore Robert Noyce Fairchild IBM1958J. KilbySi/GeFairchildFairchildTISI/GE0.040.062
1963: Fairchild 1963 907 0.0380.048
1971INTEL 40041968Moore, Noyce Andrew GroveINTEL 19714004INTEL 4004 4-bit 2300110.110.15
Moores Law
Limitation of Moores Law
1988: Mathematica1986Stephen WolframWolfram Research1988Mathematica
1989: World Wide Web1989CERNTim Berners-LeeHTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol URL: Uniform Resource Loc ator Hypertext Markup Language WWWinfo.cern.chWWW
Next Generation?Quantum Computer?Bio Computer?Molecular Computer?
Quantum Computer1980: R. P. Feynmann: information science and quantum mechanical processes1985: D. Deutsch: quantum bit, quantum gate, and quantum computer