PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIrepository.usd.ac.id/24393/2/081134200_Full[1].pdf · 2018. 4. 23. · iv PERSE M BAHAN Karya ini kuper semba hkan k epada ; Tu ha n Yes us

M TAKGNINE K NA RAJALEB ISATSERP AWSIS MALAD

GNAY AKITAMETAM ATIREC LAOS NAKIASELEYNEM

TALUB NAGNALIB NAHALMUJNEP NAKTABILEM

VI SALEK AWSIS ADAP DATS KINKET NAGNED

2 RETSEMES OJORIDAK .KDS

1102/0102 NARAJA NUHAT

ISPIRKS

yS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD tara nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

DSGP idutS margorP

nususiD : helo

ijuP iratseL imatU

002431180 : MIN

RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

TRAKAYGOY A 102 2

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

M TAKGNINE K NA RAJALEB ISATSERP AWSIS MALAD

GNAY AKITAMETAM ATIREC LAOS NAKIASELEYNEM

TALUB NAGNALIB NAHALMUJNEP NAKTABILEM

VI SALEK AWSIS ADAP DATS KINKET NAGNED

2 RETSEMES OJORIDAK .KDS

1102/0102 NARAJA NUHAT

ISPIRKS

halaS ihunemeM kutnU nakujaiD tarayS utaS nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

DSGP idutS margorP

nususiD : helo

ijuP iratseL imatU

002431180 : MIN

RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU Y ATRAKAYGO

102 2


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

; adapek nakhabmesrepuk ini ayraK

gnaret nalaj ukirebmem ulales gnay suseY nahuT

audeK atnicret gnay )mla( kapab nad ubi aut gnaro

tagnames uka nakirebmem ulales gnay kakaK


v

OTTOM

nahatreb itra itregnem atik ,pudih aneraK

ikilimem itra itregnem atik ,atnic aneraK

ihisagnem itra itregnem atik ,suseY aneraK

nay itajes idabirp idaJ : kapmat ulales g

malad muynesret ,nakubisek malad iatnas

hawab id gnanet ,nahidesek

natilusek malad habat,nanaket

ais hanrep kat gnay lah 4 naD - : utiay ais

inayalem nad ajrekeb ,rukuysreb ,aodreB .


iv

NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP AYRAK

nakataynem ayaS ses nagned kadit ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnu

malad naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes akatsup ratfad nad napituk

2102 iraunaJ 62 ,atrakaygoY

itileneP

imatU ijuP iratseL


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY :amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham

amaN : imatU ijuP iratseL

awsisahaM romoN 0 : 00243118

naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

isatserP natakgnineP“ malaD gnaY akitametam atireC laoS nakiaseleyneM

adaP DATS kinkeT nagneD taluB nagnaliB nahalmujneP naktabileM saleK awsiS

retsemeS ojoridaK suisinaK DS VI 2 nuhaT narajA 102 0 / 102 1” nagneD .

mrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed kah a

aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem kutnu ,napmiynem kutnu

nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad

simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem

em nupuam ayas irad niji ulrep apnat patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebm

.silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay naataynrep ini naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

:laggnat adaP iraunaJ 62 102 2

nakataynem gnaY

imatU ijuP iratseL


iiiv

KARTSBA

ERP NAKTAKGNINEM RAJALEB ISATS AWSIS GNAY AKITAMETAM ATIREC LAOS NAKIASELEYNEM MALAD

NAGNED TALUB NAGNALIB NAHALMUJNEP NAKTABILEM OJORIDAK SUISINAK KDS VI SALEK AWSIS ADAP DATS KINKET

1102/0102 NARAJA NUHAT 2 RETSEMES

seL imatU ijuP irat amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atrakaygoY 2102

rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP awsis atirec laos nakiaseleynem malad iakreb gnay akitametam nep nagned nat nahalmuj

.talub nagnalib naitileneP d id nakanaskali inaK DS ridaK suis ini naitilenep malaD .ojo

naitilenep sineJ .VI salek kidid atresep halada naitilenep kejbus idajnem gnay 2 kaynabes nakukalid ini naitileneP .)KTP( saleK nakadniT naitileneP halada

askalid I sulkiS .naumetrep aud irad iridret sulkis pait ,sulkis 8 laggnat adap nakan .1102 inuJ 41 nad 31 laggnat adap nakaskalid II sulkis ,1102 inuJ 9 nad

u atad nalupmugneP nakiaseleynem malad kidid atresep isatserp iuhategnem kutn itilenep ,talub nagnalib nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos

set nakanuggnem nataigek malad itilenep itamagnem kutnU .silutretisavrebo rabmel nakanuggnem itilenep ,narajalebmep .meti halmujes isireb gnay

kutnu utiay fitatitnauk fitpirksed sisilana kinket nakanuggnem ini naitilenePK iapacnem gnay awsis esatnesrep nakispirksednem .isavresbo lisah nad MK

tapad DATS kinket naparenep awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem malad awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem

.talub nagnalib nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb ujnutid uti laH k aynada nakinep n nasatnutek natakg erp adap utiay awsis rajaleb iapacnem gnay awsis set

24 MKK ,)awsis 41( % rihka adap MKK iapacnem gnay awsis esatnesrep I sulkisnad )awsis 12( %46,36 rihka adap %98,78 MKK iapacnem gnay II sulkis

.)awsis 92(

,rajaleb isatserP : icnuk ataK kinket ,talub nagnalib ,akitametam atirec laos

DATS .


xi

TCARTSBA

SAERCNI EHT E GNIVLOS NI TNEMEVEIHCA YDUTS ’STNEDUTS FO EHT GNIMMUS OT DETALER SMELBORP EVITARRAN S’HTAM

EUQINHCET GNISU SREGETNI DATS FO STNEDUTS EHT NO 1102/0102 RAEY 2 RETSEMES VI SSALC OJORIDAK SUISINAK KDS

imatU ijuP iratseL satisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY 102 2

sihT hcraeser saercni ta smia e eht gnivlos ni tnemeveihca yduts ’stneduts eht hcihw smelborp evitarran s’htam era .sregetni eht gnimmus ot detaler

hcraeser ehT ojoridaK suisinaK DS ni ecalp koot siht fo tcejbus eht dna ehT .)RAC( hcraeseR noitcA ssalC a si tI .VI ssalC fo stneduts eht saw hcraeser saw I elcyC .sgniteem owt srevoc elcyc hcae dna selcyc owt fo stsisnoc hcraeser

8 eht no detcudnoc ht 9 dna ht 31 eht no saw II elcyc elihw ,1102 enuJ fo ht 41 dna ht fo eht tuo dnif ot redro ni noitcelloc atad eht ni desu saw tset nettirw ehT .1102 enuJ eht gnimmus ot detaler smelborp evitarran eht gnivlos ni tnemeveihca ’stneduts

noitavresbo ,ssecorp gninrael eht ni stneduts eht gnivresbo rof sA .sregetni steehs fo euqinhcet eht desu hcraeser siht ,eromrehtruF .desu erew smeti lareves gniniatnoc ohw stneduts fo egatnecrep eht ebircsed ot .e.i ,sisylana evitatitnauq dna evitpircsed

.noitavresbo eht fo tluser eht dna MKK eht eveihca nac ser siht fo tluser ehT nac DATS euqinhcet fo noitacilppa eht taht swohs hcrae

ot detaler smelborp evitarran eht gnivlos ni tnemeveihca yduts ’stneduts eht esaercni yduts ’stneduts fo tnemevorpmi eht morf nees eb nac tI .sregetni eht gnimmus

neduts eht ,tseterp eht nI .noitelpmoc c ohw st erew MKK eveihca dluo 41( % 24ht ,I elcyc fo dne eht nI .)stneduts MKK eveihca dluoc ohw stneduts fo egatnecrep e

aw .)stneduts 92( %98.78 ,II elcyc fo dne eht ni dna )stneduts 12( %46.36 s

euginhcet ,melborp evitarran hctam gnivlos ,tnemeveihca ydutS : drowyeK

.DATS


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

uys ijuP B taridahek nakrutah itilenep ruk takreb alages sata agrus id apa nad

p aggnihes ayNnakhapmilid halet gnay tamhar gnay ispirks nanusuyne

“ludujreb gnay atireC laoS nakiaseleyneM malad rajaleB isatserP naktakgnineM

VI saleK awsiS adap taluB nagnaliB nahalmujneP naktabileM ojoridaK KDS

pad ”,1102/0102 naraja nuhaT 2 retsemeS ini ispirkS .racal nagned nalajreb ta

nagned iauses nakididnep anajras raleg nahelorep tarays ihunemem kutnu nususid

.hupmetid gnay iduts margorp

ainud igab anugreb ini ispirks nanusuynep sagut nagned parahreb siluneP

kpacugnem itilenep ayrihkA .nakididnep : adapek hisakamiret na

.1 .ispirks nasilunep malad iatreynem ulales gnay airaM adnuB nad apaB hallA

.2 nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD ukales ,D.hP ,idnahoR

.amrahD atanaS satisevinU

.3 ruG nakididneP idutS margorP auteK ukales ,iS.M ,omonruP ijuP .srD u

hisakamiret ,II gnibmibmep nad amrahD atanaS satisrevinU rasaD halokeS

.narabasek atres nagnibmib ,nautnab sata

.4 sata hisak amireT .I gnibmibmep nesod ukales ,dP.M ,namikaW .T .srD

nanusuynep malad gnibmibmem malad narabasek nad ,naitahrep ,nagnibmib

irks .ini isp

.5 .itlenep ispirks ijugnem halet gnay III ijugnep nesod ukales ,idemuS .srD


ix

.6 ,ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad tagnames ayas nakirebmem gnay kapaB

kididnem ,gnukudnem ulales gnay ubi nad ,agrus id aigahab kapab agomes

paites malad ukaman tubeynem nad .aod

.7 ayas gnukudnem gnay ojoridaK KDS halokeS alapek ukales ,hanitrapuS .hT

.hisak amiret nakpacu ayas ,ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad

.8 nameT - kap ,itradN ub ,irT ub ,kitiT ub ,haniT ub ojoridaK .KDS urug namet

itneh kat gnay ardnahC kap nad omdaP - aynitneh nalad tagnames nakirebmem

.ini ispirks nasilunep

.9 tabahaS - sata hisak amiret asiR ,hayiZ ,arahD ,anaH ,murgniN ,irtuP uktabahas

irah - .nakgnaneynem gnay irah

kahip adapek aguj hiasak amireT - nanusuynep utnabmem halet gnay kahip

s asib kadit silunep nad ispirks irad huaj hisam ini ispirkS .utasrep utas naktube

nakparahid tagnas nugnabmem tafisreb gnay kitirk nad naras akam anrupmes

ini ispirkes awhab parahreb silunep ,atak rihkA .tujnal hibel nagnabmegnep kutnu

akrepmem asib nad kahip aumes kutnu taafnamreb tapad ,nauhategnep umli ay

namet kutnu amaturet - halokeS uruG nakididneP idutS margorP awsisaham namet

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU rasaD

2102 iraunaJ 62 ,atrakaygoY

itileneP

imatU ijuP iratseL


iix

D ISI RATFA

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESEP NAMALAH ................................ ............ ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..... iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .. vi

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................. v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ...................... iv

EP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ISPIRKS ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESR ..... iv i

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ... iiv i

ARTSBA TC ................................ ................................ ................................ .. xi

TNAGNEP ATAK RA ................................ ................................ ................. x

.I BAB NAULUHADNEP halasaM gnakaleB rataL .A ................................ ........................... 1 halasaM isakifitnedI .B ................................ ................................ . 3

halasaM nasatabmeP .C ................................ ................................ 4 halasaM nasumuR .D ................................ ................................ .... 5

naitileneP naujuT .E ................................ ................................ ...... 5 naitileneP taafnaM .F ................................ ................................ .... 5

naitileneP akitametsiS .G ................................ .............................. 5 pO isinifeD .H lanoisare ................................ ................................ . 6

.II BAB IROET NAIJAK

rajaleB isatserP .A ................................ ................................ ......... 8 atireC laoS naitregneP .B ................................ .............................. 8

macaM .C - akitametam atireC laoS macam ................................ .... 9 S .D tr eleyneM igeta akitametaM atireC laoS nakias ....................... 9

1 akitametaM labreV naupmameK . ................................ .......... 01 kiremuN naupmameK .2 ................................ ........................... 11

pmameK .3 akitametaM ledoM taubmeM nau ........................... 21 taluB nagnaliB .E ................................ ................................ .......... 41

taluB nagnaliB naitregneP .1 ................................ .................... 41 akpareneM araC .2 taluB nagnalib nahalmujneP n ..................... 41


iiix

.3 taluB nagnaliB nakhalmujneM ................................ .............. 51 fitarepooK narajalebmeP .F ................................ ........................... 71

eP naitregneP .1 itarepooK narajalebm f ................................ ..... 71 alebmeP .2 DATS kinkeT fitarepooK naraj ................................ 81

DATS kinkeT naitregneP .a ................................ ................... 81 narajalebmeP malad DATS kinkeT napareneP .b ................... 91

ueK .c DATS kinkeT nahameleK nad naluggn ........................ 72 rikiP akgnareK .G ................................ ................................ ......... 82

nakadniT sisetopiH .H ................................ ................................ ... 92

NAITILENEP EDOTEM .III BAB .A naitileneP gnitteS ................................ ................................ ..... 03

naitileneP niaseD .B ................................ ................................ ...... 03 lawA iskelfeR .C ................................ ................................ ........... 23

ataD nalupmuggneP kinkeT .D ................................ ..................... 43 tileneP nemurtsnI .E ................................ ................................ ..... 53

ataD sisilanA kinkeT .F ................................ ................................ . 83 .........................................naitileneP nalisahrebeK rotakidnI .G 93 ......

.VI BAB NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

ataD ispirkseD .A ................................ ................................ .......... 04 ataD sisilanA .B ................................ ................................ ............ 35 nasahabmeP .C ................................ ................................ .............. 65

.V BAB TUNEP PU .A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ............. 95 .B naraS ................................ ................................ ........................ 95

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................. 16

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ 63


vix

RABMAG RATFAD

1.3 rabmaG ................................ ................................ ........................... 13 ...


vx

TFAD LEBAT RA

.A isiK lebaT - laoS isiK II sulkis nad I sulkiS setsoP ................................ ... 53

.B isiK lebaT - isavresbo rabmel isiK ................................ ........................... 73

.C naitileneP nalisahrebeK rotakidnI lebaT ................................ ................. 93

.D lebaT I sulkiS kopmoleK naagrahgneP ataD ispirkseD a.1 ..................... 35

.E lebaT lkiS kopmoleK naagrahgneP ataD ispirkseD b.1 II su ................... 45

.F MKK iapacneM gnaY ialiN esatneserP atad ispirkseD 2 lebaT .............. 55

.G lebaT isavresbO ataD ispirkseD 3 ................................ .......................... 65


ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

amatreP naumetreP I sulkiS PPR 1 naripmaL ................................ ................ 36

amatreP naumetreP I sulkiS SKL 2 naripmaL ................................ ............... 66

sulkiS PPR 3 naripmaL amatreP naumeteP I ................................ ................. 96

amatreP naumetreP II sulkiS PPR4 naripmaL ................................ ............. 17

amatreP naumetreP II sulkiS SKL 5 naripmaL ................................ .............. 47

audeK naumetreP II sulkiS PPR 6 naripmaL ................................ ................ 77

I sulkiS setsoP laoS 7 naripmaL ................................ ................................ .... 97

II sulkiS setsoP laoS 8 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ... 18

vE laoS 9 naripmaL I sulkiS isaula ................................ ................................ . 28

II sulkiS isaulavE laoS 01 naripmaL ................................ ............................. 38

I sulkiS setsoP nabawaI narokeyneP nad nabawaJ icnuK 11 naripmaL ......... 48

II sulkiS setsoP narokeyneP nad nabawaJ icnuK 21 naripmaL ...................... 88

I sulkiS SKL nabawaJ icnuK 31 naripmaL ................................ .................... 19

waJ icnuk 41 naripmaL I sulkiS isaulavE naba ................................ ............... 39

seterP ialiN ratfad lebaT 51 naripmaL ................................ ........................... 59

setsoP ialiN ratfaD 61 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ... 69

I sulkiS kopmoleK udividnI natakgnineP rokS lebaT 71 naripmaL ............... 79

II sulkiS kopmoleK udivdnI natakgnineP rokS lebaT 81 naripmaL ............... 001

rabmeL 91 naripmaL I sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP isavresbO ............. 301

401 ............II sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP isavresbO rabmeL 02 naripmaL

501 .............................................................................naileneP otoF 12 naripmaL


iivx

22 naripmaL naitileneP nijI taruS ................................ ................................ . 701

naitileneP nakanaskaleM nagnareteK taruS 32 naripmaL ............................. 801

seterP bawaJ rabmeL 42 naripmaL ................................ ............................... 901

011 ................................................................... .SKL bawaJ rabmeL 52 naripmaL

oP bawaJ rabmeL 72 naripmaL 311 .....................................................I sulkiS sets

411 ..................................................II sulkiS setsoP bawaJ rabmeL 82 naripmaL


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A gnakaleB rataL halasaM

s DS id nakididneP atam macam iagabreb nakrajaid hadus awsi

akitametam mumu araceS .akitametam halada aynutas halas narajalep

akitametam nupanamiagab ipatet ,tilus gnilap gnay narajalep atam paggnaid

narajalep atam malad gnitnep narep iaynupmem akitametaM .irajalepid surah

irahes napudihek malad nupuam nial - neisefe tala nakapurem akitametaM .irah

akitametam nautnab apnat nad ,nauhategnep umli aumes helo nakulrepid nad

irahes napudihek malaD .itrareb naujamek tapadnem kadit aumes - irah

m taas adap iapmuj atik gnires akitametam nakukalem ,nanakam nakigabme

lauj - .)02:8891,onojuS(.lld nanugnab taubmem ,ileb

,lanoisar ,sigol araces rikipreb kutnu awsis hitalem tapad akitametaM

ret nad lanoisarepo rts es ruku s utas halaS .ini umli kitsiretkarak nagned aisu

gnay akitametam malad iretam ulrep nad DS awsis irajalepid gnitnep

malad nakijasid gnay iretam halada aynnarajalebmep utum naktakgnitid

.)atirec laos( atirec kutneb

tare gnay atirec laos )271 : 1002 ,damhA malad( ajajdiwatuS turuneM

irahes napudihek halasam nagned aynnatiak - uti irah nakirebid ilakes gnitnep

tapad atirec laos aynmumu adap anerak DS akitametam narajalebmep malad

nakiaseleynem malad awsis hitalem kutnu )lakab lakic iagabes( nakanugid


2

.halasam

laos kutneb malad nakumetid kaynab halasam ,akitametam malaD

etam kutneb nupuam .atirec laos nakiaseleynem gnatnet aynutas halaS .ir

laoS .atirec laos kutneb malad nakumetid kaynab halasam ,akitametam malaD

atak nakanuggnem nagned nakijasid laos utiay atirec - napudihek malad atak

irahes - d( akerem igab halasam nakapurem aggnihes ,irah ´A htimS dna enitsg

.)6:1002 onosrawuS malad

helo nakukalid gnay retsemes 1 amales natamagnep nakrasadreB

ojoridaK suisinaK DS VI salek kidid atresep nakumetid kaynab silunep

kiaseleynem aynusuhk akitametam narajalep atam malad natilusek laos na

.atirec ti laH natilusek ,laos imahamem malad natilusek awsis gnukudid u

fitingok kepsa ialinem gnurednec urug ,akitametam ledom nakutnenem malad

,nasagunep edotem naknuggnem gnires akitametam narajalebmep nad ajas

.MKK hawab id gnay kaynab awsis ialin aggnihes ti nialeS u , talub nagnalib

awsis igab urab iretam nakapurem - salek id anerak ,tapme salek iwsis

nakrasadreB .talub nagnlib iretam tapadnem mulem akerem aynmulebes

adap VI salek id atirec laos gnatnet itilenem nigni silunep uti nahalasamrep

.1102/0102 naraja nuhat

S aynah kidid atresep akitametam narajalep atam malad mumu arace

iretam malad akerem utnabmem kutnU .udividni araces nahital nakajregnem

nigni silunep ,talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos

ividni araces atirec laos nakajregnem lisah nakgnidnabmem nagned ud

.DATS kinkeT gninraeL evitarepooC natakedneP


3

epit utas halas halada DATS“ awhab )31:3002( uyahaR turuneM

sugab gnay ledom haubes nad anahredes gnilap gnay fitarepook narajalebmep

ednep naktakednem kutnu urab gnay urug gnaroes igab ialumem kutnu natak

.”fitarepook

,iretam nakiapmaynem urug awhab halada ini DATS epit irad itni ,idaJ

5 iapmas 4 sata iridret gnay aynkopmolek malad gnubagreb awsis naidumek

laos nakiaseleynem kutnu gnaro - .urug helo nakirebid gnay laos

rajalepid bijaw idajnem akitametaM awsis kaynab hisaM .DS id kajes i

malad natilusek imalagnem ojoridaK suisinaK DS awsis aynsusuhk DS

silunep akam ,talub nagnalib naktabilem gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem

.ispirks nasilunep nahab iagabes atirec laos kipot nakidajnem kutnu kiratret

ileneP it tapmet iagabes ojoridaK KDS VI salek awsis hilimem

urug nakapurem silunep anerak ,naitilenep .ojoridaK suisinaK DS VI salek

nigni siluneP rotkaf iuhategnem - rotkaf arac nakumenem nad babeynep

ec laos nakiaseleynem malad halasam isatagnem iakreb gnay atir nagned nat

nakanuggnem talub nagnalib nahalmujnep .DATS kinket silunep akaM

“ luduj libmagnem M takgnine malaD awsiS rajaleB isatserP nak

nagnaliB naktabileM gnaY atireC laoS nakiaseleyneM taluB d kinkeT nagne

VI saleK awsiS adaP DATS arajA nuhaT ojoridaK .KDS .”1102/0102 n

.B halasaM isakifitnedI

hibelret rajaleb sesorp malad natakednep uti ledom hilipid mulebeS

narajalebmep sesorp tukgnaynem gnay halasam isakifitnedi nakukalid uluhad


4

utiay atirec laos iretam aynsusuhk akitametam :

.1 s imahamem malad natilusek awsiS .lao

.2 akitametam ledom nakutnenem malad natilusek awsiS

.3 MKK irad gnaruk ialiN

.4 nad fitkefa ,fitingok ianegnem iamahamem gnaruk hisam uruG

kepsa gnurednec rajaleb lisah ialinem malad aggnihes kirotomokisp

rotomokisp kepsa nad fitkefa kepsa nakgnades ,fitingok ilagret muleb ki

.lamitpo araces

.5 gnem ilak gnires akitametam marajalebmeP g nasagunep edotem nakanu

.udividni araces

m nakrasadreB nem itilenep sata id halasa g DATS kinket nakanug

rec laos naikaseleynem malad awsis utnabmem malad i kadit duskam nagned at

nah ay id gnay ajas fitingok kepsa in kirotomokisp nad fitkefa kepsa numan ial

.ilagret aguj

.C halasaM nasatabmeP

ilenep malaD id naka gnay halasam ini na itilet laos gnatnet utiay atirec

tiakreb gnay nagned na talub nagnalib nahalmujnep ket nagned .DATS kin

kes kaynaB atirec laos hilimem siluneP .akitametam laos sinej nad iretam ila

ay lib anerak talub nagnlub nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gn a ub nagn l ta

urab iretam nakapurem .

akitametam narajalebmep malaD atirec laos gnatnet ilak gnires

dividni araces awsis naksagunem kutnU .sagut nakajregnem malad u


5

ay atirec laos nakajregnem malad natilusek isatagnem nagned natiakreb gn

lib nahalmujnep a talub nagn kinkeT .DATS kinket nakanugnem itilenep

.anahredes gnilap gnay fitarepook naatakednep nakapurem DATS

.D halasaM nasumuR

upadA asumur n malad halasam n naitilenep utiay ini

hakapA kinket naparenep TS naktakgninem tapad DA rajaleb isatserp awsis

nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem malad nahalmujnep nagnalib

?talub

.E naujuT

kutnu halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT kgninem b isatserp nakta rajale

awsis malad nakiaseleynem laos atirec iakreb gnay nagned nat nahalmujnep

talub nagnalib DATS kinket naparenep nagned .

.F taafnaM

,urug igab utiay taafnam iaynupmem ini naitilenep ,naujut nialeS

natilusek iuhategnem tapad - ay natilusek nakumenem nad awsis imalaid gn

tapad awsis ,awsis igaB .narajalebmep malad tapet gnay edotem nad ,ledom

ay atirec laos nakiaseleynem namahamep gnatnet nauhategnep saulrepmem gn

nagned natiakreb talub nagnalib nahalmujnep .


6

.G akitametsiS

ini naitilenep malaD pait - nigni gnay apa nakiarugnem naka bab pait

,gnakaleb ratal gnatnet nakiarugnem naka nauluhadnep I baB .nakiaruid

taafnam ,naujut ,halasam nasumur ,halasam nasatabmep ,halasam isakifitnedi

2 baB .akitametsis nad naijak t gnatnet nakiarugnem naka iroe nep laos naitreg

nad akitametam malad halasam nahacemep atres ,DATS naitregnep ,atirec

iaseleynem kutnu igetarts dotem 3 baB .atirec laos nak e naka naitilenep

.naitilenep niased nad naitilenep sinej gnatnet nakiarugnem

.H lanoisarepO isinifeD

.1 d rajaleb isatserP atireC laoS nakiaseleyneM mala

gnay rihka ialin halada atirec laos nakiaseleynem malad isatserP

nakijasid gnay halasam nakhacemem malad awsis rajaleb lisah nakapurem

.atirec laos kutneb nalad

.2 talub nagnalib nahalmujneP

itupilem talub nagnalib nahalmujneP fitisop talub nagnalib nahalmujnep

nagned fitagen talub nagnalib nahalmujnep ,fitagen talub nagnalib nagned

.fitagen nagnalib

.3 DATS kinkeT

.anahredes gnilap gnay fitarepook naatakednep nakapurem DATS kinkeT

pmolek malad naktapmetid awsis halada DATS kinkeT rajaleb ko

il uata tapme nakatoggnareb ( negoreteh gnay awsis gnaro am nimalek sinej

.)kimedaka naupmamek nad negoreteh gnay kopmolek atoggna iraD


7

iaynupmem gnay kopmolek atoggna )naupmamek naadebrep aynsusuhk(

gab ayabes rotut idajnem tapad iggnit naupmamek kopmolek atoggna i

gnay awsis isatagnem upmam aggnihes hadner naupmamekreb gnay

.amasajrekeb hitalem tapad DATS kinket uti niales ,rajaleb natilusek


8

II BAB

IROET NAIJAK

.A rajaleB isatserP

nakirebid gnay rihka lisah halada rajaleb isatserP ianegnem urug helo

dirum rajaleb lisah uata naujamek - ( utnetret asam amales ayndirum idramuS

ayruS b .)423 :489 ,atar .oigusunkms/:pttH malad 6991( lekniW turuneM

kapurem rajaleb isatserp ,)rajaleb naitregnep 21/30/1102 moc.sserppdro na

gnay itkub utas halas m nakkujnune gnay gnaroeses nalisahrebek/naupmamek

turuneM .aynhiarid gnay ialin tobob nagned iauses rajaleb sesorp nakukalem

21/30/1102 moc .sserppdrow.oigusunkms/:pttH malad( noitusaN .S

ses naupmamek nakapurem rajaleb isatserp ,)rajaleb naitregnep e p gnaro atrese

. .taubreb nad asarem ,rikipreb malad kidid

idaJ erp nakitraid tapad rajaleb isats rihka ialin /rihka lisah iagabes

esorp surah gnay awsis naupmamek nagned nagnubuhes awsis rajaleb s

.utnetret utkaw amales ikilimid

.B atireC laoS naitregneP

ahid awsiS malad sitametam rikifreb utiay fitaerk rikifreb nakpar

tiakreb gnay halasam nahacemep a halasam isinifeD .akitametam nagned n

uata arac ipatet , gnaroeses helo nakhacepid surah gnay laos utaus halada

ro helo nakumetid areges muleb aynnakhacemem kutnu hakgnal ayloP( uti gna

.)71:3002 itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad


9

atak nakanuggnem nagned nakijasid laos utiay atirec laoS - malad atak

irahes napudihek - d( akerem igab halasam nakapurem aggnihes ,irah ´ enitsgA

itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad htimS dna , .)2:3002

tirec laoS kednep atirec kutneb malad nakijasid gnay laos halada a

.)38117332/scod/moc.cotscod.www/:pttH malad 31:4991 ijaH(

utiay atirec laos naklupmisid tapad sata id naitregnep nakrasadreB

atak nakanuggnem gnay atirec kutneb malad nakijasid gnay laos utaus - atak

ad irahes napudihek mal - .irah

.C macaM - atireC laoS macam akitametaM

narajalep atam malad atirec laos iretam ,PSTK nakrasadreB

tam retsemes 4 salek DS id akitame 2 : itupilem

.1 nem kreb gnay halasam nakiaseley a .talub nagnalib nagned nati

.2 b gnay halasam naikaseleynem nahacep nagned natiakre

macam nakrasadreB - am itilenep ,sata id atirec laos mac laos hilimem

nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay atirec itileneP .talub gnay atirec laos hilimem

apudihek malad taked anerak ,talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb irahes n - irah

idid atresep .k

.D nakiaseleyneM igetartS S atireC lao akitametaM

itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad( onosrawuS turuneM , :3002 ) 71 ,

utauses nakapurem gnaroeses igab nakub uata halasam nakapurem laos utaus

s asib ai aggnihes uti laos nagned asaibret hadus ai akij ;fitaler gnay arege


01

,aynigab halasam nakapurem nakub uti laos akam ,aynnakhacemem

laos ,aynnahacemep nakumenem asib muleb gnay gnaro igab nakgnades

.halasam utaus nakapurem tubesret

malad kinkeT ,onojuS( kitsirueh edotem nagned halasam nahacemep

:8891 612 - halada )712 :tukireb iagabes

.1 it gnay apA .aynhalasam imahameM ?iuhatekid gnay apA ?iuhatekid kadtarays apA - nad tapet gnay adnat halireb nad ,halrabmaG ?ayntarays

tarays irad naigab iagabreb halnakhasiP .iauses - .uti tarays .2 gnay aratna nagnubuh halirac :anacner haltauB gnay nagned iuhatekid

araduas hakapA ?iuhatek araduas hanrep ini lah hakapA .iuhatekid kaditatiak iuhategnem n ?uti halasam nagned ayn

.3 uhat araduas hakapA .aynhakgnal paites askireP .uti anacner nakanaskaLtapad araduas hakapA ?raneb aynhakgnal paites awhab nakitkubmem

?raneb uti lah awhab .4 hakapA ,nakukal araduas gnay nasalejnep halikidileS .ilabmek halaskireP

helorepmem tapad araduas hakapA ?aynlisah kecegnem tapad araduas nakanuggnem tapad araduas hakapA ?nial gnay arac nagned nabawaj

edotem uata ,aynlisah ?nial gnay halasam kutnu ayn

hakgnal nakitahrepmem nagneD - surah awsis ,tubesret hakgnal

,labrev naupmamek utiay nial gnay sitametam naupmamek ikilimem

om taubmem naupmamek nad kiremun naupmamek malad akitametam led

iaseleynem sret akitametam atirec laos nak .tube

.a akitametam labrev naupmameK

.akitametam acabmem naupmamek halada labrev naupmameK

atres satilibiskelf nad ,naturu ,natapetek nakulremem labrev naupmameK

uata atak paites ,akitametam atirec laos acabmem malaD .isartnesnok

nagned acabid surah tamilak ilak utas acabid aynah kadit nad tamrec

gnalureb ipatet - ,uti nialeS .tubesret tamilak imahamem iapmas gnalu

.silutret gnay akitametam lobmis nad halitsi paites uhat surah awsis


11

itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad( lleB turuneM , 42:3002 - )52 ,

akitametam acabmem tafisreb gnay kitsiugnilokisp sativitka nakapurem

:utiay pahat tapme irad iridret akitametam acabmeM .sikrarih

)1 irad igolonimret itra pakgnanem naupmamek utiaY .lobmis lanegneM.tapet araces aynnakpacugnem atres akitametam lobmis

)2 dahret laretil itra irebmeM lobmis pa - sesorpmem malaD .lobmiskatelem upmam surah awsis ,akitametam acabmem k nad na

lobmis nad atak nakisakifitnedignem - gnay sketnok malad lobmis.sketnok paites adap aynnakududek itregnem atres nanialreb

)3 k nakapureM .lobmis ratna nagnubuh sisilanagneM naupmame naamasreb araces silutret lobmis nad halitsi ,atkaf iagabreb ianegnem

nagnubuh nakisakifitnedignem nad - kiab ,akerem aratnaid nagnubuh.kadit uata silutret gnay

)4 laos nakhacemeM - etam laos .atirec laos kutneb malad akitam

.b kiremun naupmameK

gnutihreB iagabes nupilakeS .akitametam irad gnabac halada

.akitametam hubut hurules irusuleynem halet gnutihreb ,gnabac

ruku umli id ada gnutihreb ,rabajla id ada gnutihreb halnaikimeD

id ,)irtemoeg( iroet ,sisilana ,akitsitats id ,)satilibaborp( nanikgnumek iroet

malad( nielK sirroM .igolopot ,isgnuf tawaytesarP iwiS sengA ,i )52:3002

malad raseb gnabac hulup napaled tapadret inik awhab tatacnem

gnabac aumes ripmah adap tapadret turut nup gnutihrab akam akitametam

.uti akitametam irad raseb

apurem kiremun naupmameK id gnay sitametam naupmamek nak

itrepes gnutih naajregnep nakukalem naupmamek taumret aynmalad

nial nad igabmem ,nakilagnem ,ignarugnem ,halmujnem - uti nialeS .nial

gnabmal nad nagnalib isalupinamem naupmamek aguj ada - gnabmal

a kiremun naupmameK .akitametam tapad kutnu kiab gnitnep halad


21

halasam nahacemep kutnu nupuam tapec nagned nagnutihrep nakukalem -

liksteturK( akitamtira halasam ,itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad l .)52:3002

.c akitametam ledom taubmem naupmameK

atirec laos nakiaseleynem malaD akitametam akgnal , gnitnep h

nagnaretek nakhamejretnem halada awsis nakukalid surah gnay -

utiay asahab malad ek tubesret laos malad ada gnay nagnaretek

nagnalib aratna nagnubuh naksilunem - laos malad taumret gnay nagnalib

gnabmal nakanuggnem nagned - metam malad ada gnay gnabmal .akita

akitametam asahab anerak gnitnep tagnas akitametam ledoM

arac utaus nakapurem )akitametam ledom( gnay kutnu hadum

nagnaretek nakisalumrofmem - ada gnay nagnaretek iratnamusairuS( malad

.)62:3002 itawaytesarP iwiS sengA

is idaJ s bmem upmam nakparahid aw raga akitametam ledom tau

surah awsiS .atirec laos naiaseleynem malad hadumrepmem tapad

gnabmal lanegnem - itrepes akitametam malad ada gnay gnabmal

.nagnarugnep ,nahalmujnep ,nailakrep ,naigabmep

itawaytesarP iwiS sengA malad( idajeoS turuneM , )52:3002 ,

nu atirec laos nakiaseleynem kut nakanugid akitametam hakgnal - hakgnal

tukireb iagabes :

)1 nem kutnu tamrec nagned laos acabmeM na tamilak pait ankam pakg )2 nakpakgnugnem nad nakhasimeM

)a laos malad iuhatekid gnay apA )b laos malad nakaynatid/atnimid gnay apA )c nep/isarepO laos naajreg

)3 akitametam ledom taubmeM )4 asa laos adapek nabawaj nakilabmegneM l


31

atirec laos nakiaseleynem kutnU akitametam atirec laos akam

akitametam nakapurem gnay isaton uata akitametam tamilak utaus taubid

.laos irad atkaf uata nahamejret

pmekS turuneM ( anajdraS .A malad 8 :6891 , - 11 ) , uata ledom

atirec laos nakiaseleynem arac halada : tukireb iagabes

atayn ainuD akitametam ledom ainud

iskartsbA .1 risfaT .3 risfaT .3

arac rabmaG atirec laos naiaseleynep

CS atirec laos kutneb malad akitametam laoS :

MM akitametam tamilak kutneb malad akitametam ledoM :

CS irah malam uhuS

- irah gnaiS .Cº8 apareB .C°2 kian adap uhus tajared

?irah gnais

MM

- n=2+8

SJ irah gnais adap uhus idaJ

halada - C°6

MP - …= 2 + 8 - = 2 + 8 -6

= n -6

2 isarepo . isatupmoK


41

MP ledom naiaseleyneP :

SJ laos nabawaJ :

:tukireb iagabes sata id nagab nasalejneP

)1 ad ,iskartsba hakgnaL labrev/asahab rotkaf tabilret ini hakgnal mal

raneb surah kidid atreseP .)aisenodnI asahab namahamep( - raneb

.akitametam atirec laos irad asahab imahamem

)2 nabawaj iracnem kidid atresep ini hakgnal malad ,isarepo hakgnaL

taubmem nagned akitametam tamilak sata .akitametam ledom

)3 tamilak risfanem nagned atirec laos nakiaseleynem ,risfat hakgnaL

idaJ“ atak nakanugnem nagned atayn ainud maladek akitametam .”

.E taluB nagnaliB

.1 taluB nagnaliB naitregneP

nagnalib irad iridret gnay nagnalib nanupmih halada talub nagnaliB talub

gnalib nad lon ,fitisop 8002 ,idranuS( fitagen talub na .)721:

.2 nakpareneM araC taluB nagnaliB nahalmujneP

nahalmujnep nakrajagnem mulebeS adap ulrep awsis ,talub nagnalib

nagnalib irad iridret gnay nagnalib utiay talub nagnalib pesnok imahamem

,fitagen lanekid hadus talub nagnalib pesnok aynasaiB .fitisop nad lon

irahes napudihek malad - talub nagnalib pesoK .iradasid kadit numan ,irah

naataynrep iulalem lanekid halet - .anahredes tamilak uata naataynrep

pad talub nagnalib pesnok nalanegnep malad naijayneP golaid apureb ta

:aynlasim


51

majnimem idnA : itileneP ritub 01 gnerelek aS . idnA naidumek irah ut

nakilabmegnem gnerelek ritub 6 . muleb gnay gnerelek apareB

?idnA nakilabmekid

anoB 4 : !ub

akataynem naka atik gnarakes ,ilakes tapet umnabawaJ : itileneP audek n

.talub nagnalib nagned nabawaj fitagen aynadnat uti majnimeM

- 6 fitisop aynadnat nakilabmegnem ataK .01

ametam tamilak taubmem itilenep ,uti haleteS silut napap id akit - 6 + 01

akitametam tamilak bawajnem kutnU .…= ,tubesret itilenep

aynnaksalejnem nuggnem nagned a ib sirag nak rabkA( nagnal

kkd ,ajajjdiwatsuS )452:1991

.3 taluB nagnaliB nakhalmujneM

)23:7002( niduyhaW turuneM , nagned fitisop talub nagnalib halmuj

uata fitisop talub nagnalib apureb tapad aynlisah fitagen talub nagnalib

agen talub nagnalib nagnalib irad gnutnagret ,lon uata fit - talub nagnalib

.nakhalmujid gnay

)a ib nahalmujneP fitisop talub nagnal nagned gnay fitagen aynhalmuj

fitisop

: aynlasiM

( + 8 - 5 = )3

d nahalmujnep adaP fitisop talub nagnalib awhab kapmat ,sata i 8 utiay

rad raseb hibel adapi fitagen talub nagnalib kaltum ialin ,3 utiay

aggnihes halmuj n ay .5 utiay fitisop nagnalib


61

)b talub nagnalib nahalmujneP fitisop nagned fitagen gnay aynhalmuj

.fitagen

: aynlasiM

- = 2 + 8 -6

mujnep adaP gnalib kaltum ialin awhab kapmat ,sata id nahal talub na

fitagen seb hibel 8 utiay fitisop nagnalib adapirad ra utiay aggnihes ,2

aynhalmuj - .6

)c talub nagnalib nahalmujneP p nagned fitiso gnay fitagen aynhalmuj lon

: aynlasiM

( + 7 - 0 = )7

lmujnep adaP awhab kapmat ,sata id naha audek irad kaltum ialin

ib nagnal hes ,raseb amas aggni aynhalmuj .0

)d talub nagnalib nahalmujneP fitagen lon nagned , halmuj nagnalib ayn

fitagen .iridnes uti

:aynlasiM

- = 0 + 4 -4

pmat ,sata id nahalmujnep adaP nagnalib awhab ka nakapurem 0

nagnalib em kadit gnay b nagnalib ihuragnepm talu - aggnihes ,4

aynhalmuj - .4

)e fitagen talub nagnalib nahalmujneP fitagen nagned .

; aynlasiM

- ( + 01 - = )5 - 51

pmat ,sata id nahalmujnep adaP evitagen talub nagnalib awhab ka

nagned nakhalmujid talub nagnalib ,fitagen


71

aynhalmuj nagnalib talub .fitagen

.F fitarepooK narajalebmeP

.1 fitarepooK narajalebmeP naitregneP

eP isinifedid fitarepook narajalebm narajalebmep ledom utaus nak

d awsis anam i ajrekeb nad rajaleb amas kopmolek malad - licek kopmolek

halmujreb gnay gnaro tapme hibel awsis gnasgnarem tapad aggnihes

eb ( rajaleb malad hariagr 251 :8002 ,inojsI malad nivlaS .)

saaH nad lanuS turuneM ( malad ,inojsI 251 :8002 ) p , narajalebme

fitarepook sahk gnay igetarts naiakagnares uata natakednep utaus halada

raga kidid atresep adapek nagnorod irebmem kutnu gnacnarid

.narajalebmep sesorp ayngnusgnalreb amales amasajrekeb

M 8002 ,inojsI malad( mahsraW nad nosdivaD turune : ,)351

araces rajagnem rajaleb nataigek halada fitarepook narajalebmep

kopmolek - rajaleb awsis ,licek kopmolek iapmas kutnu amas ajrekeb nad

lagnep adap araces namalagnep nupuam udividni araces rajaleb nama

kopmolek .

awhab naklupmisid tapad sataid naitregnep nakrasadreB

awsis naktabilem gnay rajaleb nataigek halada fitarepook narajalebmep

fitarobalok araces licek kopmolek malad pad awsis nakparahid gnay ta

amas ajrekeb rajaleb tagnames naktakgninem nad .

macaM - mep kinket macam : fitarepook narajaleb


81

.a wasgiJ

.b )THN( rehtegoT sdaeH derebmuN

.c )CRIC( noititopmoC dna gnidaeR detaregetnI evitarepooC

.d )TGT( maeT emaG tnemanruT

.e )LTC( gninraeL dna gnihcaeT lautxetnoC

.f )LBB( gninraeL desaB niarB

.g DATS

macam iraD - ket macam unep ,fitarepook naarajalebmep kin sil

itileneP .DATS kinket hilimem DATS anerak DATS kinket hilimem

.anahredes gnilap gnay fitarepook narajalebmep kinket nakapurem

.2 ajalebmeP ( DATS kinkeT fitarepooK nar utS tnemeveihcA maeT tned

noisiviD )

.a DATS naitregneP

M S turune la niv ( amsA ruN , :6002 )331 narajalebmep malad ,

fitarepook DATS kinket , rajaleb kopmolek malad naktapmetid awsis

narupmac nakapurem gnay awsis gnaro amil uata tapme nakatoggnareb

aka naupmamek irad paites malad aggnihes ,adebreb gnay kimed

hadner nad ,gnades ,iggnit isatserpreb gnay awsis tapadret kopmolek

kopmolek uata ,sinte nad sar kopmolek ,nimalek sinej isairav uata

.aynnial laisos

)53:7002( inojsI turuneM , malad ,DATS kinket p rajale - rajalep

id irad iridret gnay licek kopmolek utas malad ajrekeb kutnu naksagut

em gnay gnaro tapme naupmamek nad gnakaleb ratal iaynupm


91

.adebreb gnay naiapacnep

)604:4991( egavaS nad gnortsmA turuneM , utaus halada DATS

gnem gnay natakednep amrof malad awsis nakgnabme rajaleb t gnay

arid n aumes fitka isapisitrap nad amasajrek naktakgninem kutnu gnac

kadit ,awsis paites tutnunem nakanugid gnay naialinep metsiS .awsis

ialin aguj ipatet iridnes aynialin nakitahrepmem aynah utas namet

kopmolek atoggna .

naitregnep nakrasadreB d DATS kinket naklupmisid tapad sata i

da anahredes fitarepook ledom utas halas hala anam id awsis kutnebid

idajnem kopmolek - licek kopmolek gnay amil iapmas tapme irad iridret

negoreteh gnay kana id )naupmamek nad nimalek sinej( malad anam

idajret kopmolek ni t nad amasajrek naktakgninem aggnihes ,iskare

isapisitrap oggna paites fitka .kopmolek at

.b narajalebmeP malad DATS kinkeT napareneP

ATS kinket nakanuggnem narajalebmep nataigeK turunem D

ruN amsA )331:6002( , ,narajalebmep napaisrep )a ; utiay pahat 6 ada )b

lisah naaskiremeP )e ,set )d ,kopmolek rajaleb )c ,iretam naijaynep

k nataigek ninep roks nautnenep )f kopmole .laudividni natakg

t nasalejneP paha - rajaleb pahat narajalebmep ledom fitarepook kinket

sata id DATS :tukireb iagabes

bmeP napaisreP : 1 pahaT narajale

)1 iretaM

iauses gnacnarid rajaleb nataigeK nagned iretam kutnu


02

narajalebmep malad kopmolekreb araces SKL

)2 kopmolek malad awsis naktapmeneM

t gnay kopmolek malad awsis naktapmeneM kana tapme irad iridre

negoreteh gnay te nad ,nimalek sinej ,naupmamek ( .)sin

)3 rasad roks nakutneneM

M set nakirebme S .lawa s iagabes iakapid taubesret set rok rok

.rasad

iretaM naijayneP :2 pahaT

etam naijayneP rajaleb naujut uhat irebmem urug irad ialumid ir ,

.ayniagabes nial nad iretam naksalejnem ,isavitom nakirebmem

jayneP ai edotem nakanuggnem tapad iretam n ,bawaj aynat ,hamarec

.isuksid

kopmoleK rajaleB nataigeK :3 pahaT

nataigek paites malaD rabmel nad SKL nakirebid kopmolek rajaleb

bawaj naksalejnem uruG . kopmolek malad ajrek arac is paiteS . aws

laos irebid naujut nagned laH .isuksid kutnu isavitomret atoggna paites

bawaj gnuggnat nakkujnunem kutnu rajalebep nakukalid ulrep gnay lah

,amsA ruN ( aynkopmolek padahret halada )25:6002

)1 m uruG naknikaye kopmolek atoggna paites awhab halet

.iretam irajalepmem

)2 em nupgnaroes kadiT b nakitnehgn atoggna aumes iapmas rajale

nem .iretam iasaug

)3 adapek nautnab atnimem awsiS olek atoggna kutnu aynkopm


12

iaseleynem .urug adapek nakaynanem mulebes halasam nak

)4 ,nial amas utas napos araces aracibreb kopmolek atoggna paiteS

nem nad itamrohgnem gnilas .iagrahg

kopmoleK nataigeK lisaH padahreT naaskiremeP :4 pahaT

utas halas ilikawid kopmolek paites ,kopmolek lisah askiremem malaD

.salek naped id kopmolek lisah nakisatneserpmem kutnu aynatoggna

retni idajret raga naitnagreb araces nakukalid ini nataigeK a ratna isk

taigek adaP .kopmolek nad kopmolek lisah askiremem urug aguj ini na

.naklutebid halas gnay ada akij iridnes iskerognem kopmolek

laoS nakajregneM awsiS :5 pahaT - laudividnI araceS seT laoS

nakajregnem awsis ini pahat adaP iridnes set laos d iauses nagne

.kopmolekreb amales helorep akerem gnay apa haletes ,aynnaupmamek

seT lisaH naaskiremeP :6 pahaT

nad ,urug helo nakukalid set lisah naaskiremeP urug ratfad taubmem

utnu roks natakgninep tahilem k gnay udividni paites roks

musid igab nakgnab kopmolek yn a.

t malad amatu nenopmok amiL nivalS turunem DATS kinke

: utiay )di.ca.ssenubiligid//:ptth hisgninaiteS itseH malad(

)1 )noitatneserP ssalC ( salek naijayneP

gnay lakisalk araces salek naped id iretam nakijaynem uruG

naka gnay iretam pesnok adap naksukofid gnisaM .ajas sahabid -

raneb surah awsis gnisam - urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem raneb

siuk nakajregnem malad awsis arap utnabmem tapad anerak


22

.ayntukireb

)2 rajaleb kopmolek nakutnebmeP

kiab( negoreteh aynatoggna gnay kopmolek malad nususid awsiS

puam aynkimedaka tahilem nagned aynaraC .)aynnimalek sinej nu

narajalebmep mulebes awsis helorepid gnay ialin uata topar ialin

.DATS kinket fitarepook

)3 ( siuk uata set nairebmeP sezziuQ )

nagned siuk uata set nakadaid ,iaseles kopmolek rajaleb haleteS

iuhategnem kutnu naujut awsis rajaleb naupmamek rukugnem uata

.irajalepid gnay iretam padahret

amasajrek kutnu nakranebid kadit ilakes amas awsis ini lah malaD

raga isavitomem kutnu halada ini set naujuT .aynnamet nagned

siS .laudividni araces bawajgnuggnatreb nad ahasureb awsis aw

haletes lisah iagabes sugab gnay ialin naktapadnem kutnu tutnutid

.kopmolek rajaleb

)4 udividni natakgninep roks nairebmeP

id ayntujnales ,set lisah irad tapadid rokS roks nagned nakgnidnab

.rasad

udividni natakgninep roks nakrasadreB , ep roks gnutihid natakgnin

5991( nivalS helo nususid gnay namodep nakanuggnem nagned :

08 : )

)a nakgnabmuynem ,rasad roks hawab id niop hulupes irad hibeL

niop 5


32

ad roks hawabid helorepid gnay udividni set lisah rokS hibel ras

nakgnabmuynem ,hulupes irad niop 5

)b wab id niop 01 rasad roks hawab id niop utas iapmas ha ,

nakgnabmuynem .niop 01

id niop 1 iapmas 01 helorepid gnay udividni set lisah rokS

rasad roks hawab nakgnabmuynem , .niop 01

)c rasad roks sata id niop 01 iapmas rasad roks nagned amaS ,

nakgnabmuynem niop 02

isah rokS rasad roks nagned amas helorepid gnay udividni set l

rasad roks sata id niop 01 iapmas nakgnabmuynem , niop 02

)d d hibeL nakgnabmuynem ,rasad roks sata id niop 01 ira niop 03

niop 01 irad hibel helorepid gnay udividni set lisah rokS sata id

rasad roks , nakgnabmuynem .niop 03

)5 kopmolek naagrahgneP

nakrasadid naagrahgneP atar ialin adap - molek atar p ko .

halmujid kopmolek atoggna natakgninep roks naidumeK . atar ialiN -

natakgninep roks halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid kopmolek atar

atoggna halmuj igabid udividni kopmolek iraD halmuj nahelorep

natakgninep roks tapad kopmolek pait helorepid halet gnay

atar ialin helorepmem - .kopmolek atar

natakgninep niop halmuJ atar nioP - kopmolek atar =

kopmolek atoggna halmuJ T grahgnep natakgnit agit tapadre a :utiay nakirebid gnay na


42

)a atar niop helorepmem gnay kopmoleK - ,91 iapmas 51 atar

.kiab kopmolek iagabes

)b atar niop helorepmem gnay kopmoleK - ,42 iapmas 02 atar

eh kopmolek iagabes .tab

)c iagabes ,03 iapmas 52 niop helorepmem gnay kopmoleK

.repus kopmolek

604:4991( egavaS nad gnortsmA turunem DATS kinket napareneP -

: utiay )704

)a kopmoleK nakutnebmeP

4 irad iridret kpmolek pait ,kopmolek kutnebid awsiS - .kana 5

kopmolek paiteS ad iridret mekereb gnay awsis ir ,iggnit naupa

gnay kinte iaynupmem salek akiJ .hadner nad hagnenem

gnay kinte nagned kopmolek kutnebmem tapad urug , magareb

aratna redneg narupmacnep nakahasuid ,aguj uti nialeS .adebreb

ikal - agned nakiausesid gnay naupmerep nad ikal esatneserp n

ikal halmuj - .salek id naupmerep nad ikal

)b iretaM naijayneP

araces awsis aumes adapek urab iretam naklanekrepmem uruG

.ialumid kopmolek rajaleb nataigek mulebes lakisalk

)c kopmoleK rajaleB nataigeK

,kopmolek rajaleb nataigek malaD b kopmolek pait ke e amasajr

kopmolek atoggna paites nad urug irad sagut bawajem kutnu

paites nakitsamem kutnu bawajgnuggnat iaynupmem


52

atoggna pait set malad anerak iretam imahamem aynatoggna

.kopmolek igab niop nakgnabmuynem

)d seT

nanekrepid kadit kopmolek atoggna set amaleS gnilas nak

apnat iridnes nakajrekid utiay udividni tafisreb seT .utnabmem

.nial gnaro nautnab

)e nagnabmuS rokS igaB udividnI kopmoleK

rasikreb nakgnabmusid gnay rokS 1- natakgninep rokS .01

:namodep nagned kopmolek kutnu nakgnabmusid gnay udividni

)1( akiJ roks gnaruk set irad nagned amas uata , rasad roks

akam nakgnabmusid gnay roks 0 niop .

:hotnoC

S ok set r 85 rasad roks , 05 0 nakgnabmusid gnay niop idaj

irad hadner hibel set roks anerak adap .rasad roks

S 06 rasad roks ,06 set rok nay niop idaj , nabmusid g nakg

anerak ,0 halada roks .rasad roks nagned amas set

)2( akam rasad roks irad hibel set roks akiJ tapad abmuynem gn

.aynhisiles kaynabes niop

:hotnoC

S ok ,56 rasad roks ,76 set r nakgnabmusid gnay niop idaj

niop 2 halada aynkopmolek igab 76 anerak , – 2 = 55

Sk set ro 8 ,57 rasad roks ,0 nakgnabmusid gnay niop idaj

niop 5 halada aynkopmolek igab 08 anerak – 5 = 57

)3( na hisiles akiJ 01 irad hibel rasad roks nad set roks arat ,


62

akam ai rak 01 niop nakgnabmuynem lamiskam roks ane

nakgnabmusid gnay .niop 01 halada

noC :hot

S ok 9 set r ad roks ,0 6 ras 0 nakgnabmusid gnay niop idaj ,

niop 01 halada aynkopmolek igab nupualaw 09 – 03 = 06 .

roks nairebmeP ,kopmolek igab nakgnabmusid gnay itilenep hilimim

anerak egavaS nad gnortsmA irad tapadnep tubesret arac omem utnu kana isavit k

naktapadnem roks iggnit hibel set .rasad roks irad

atres gnortsmA ,amsA ruN ,hisgninaiteS itseH tapadnep nakrasadreB

gnatnet egavaS itilenep ,DATS narajalebmep pahat pahat nakgnubaggnem

teS itseH ,amsA ruN irad DATS narajalebmep S nad gnortsmA ,hisgninai egava

: tukireb iagabes

1 pahaT : narajalebmeP napaisreP , itilenep nakanuggnem amsA ruN tapadnep

namalah( 18 .)

2 pahaT : iretaM naijayneP , nakanuggnem itilenep ruN irad tapadnep sA am

namalah( 91 ).

pahaT 3 : kopmoleK rajaleB nataigeK , itilenep nakanuggnem ep amsA ruN tapadn

namalalah( 91 ).

pahaT :4 kopmoleK rajaleB lisaH padahret naaskiremeP , nakanuggnem itilenep

tapadnep amsA ruN ( alah 02 nam .)

pahaT 5: laoS nakajregnem awsiS - laudividnI araces seT laoS , itilenep

nakanuggnem ( amsA ruN tapadnep 02 namalah ).

T paha 6 : seT lisaH naaskiremeP , itilenep nakanuggnem amsA ruNtapadnep

( 02 namalah ).


72

pahaT 7 : udividni natakgninep roks nairebmeP nakanuggnem itilenep , tapadnep

egavaS nad gnortsmA namalah( 24).

pahaT 8: kopmoleK naagrahgneP , nakanuggnem tapadnep nivalS malad

itayahruN 22 namalah( ) gnay natakgninep roks nagned nakiausesid

egavaS nad gnortsmA tapadnep irad udividni )42 namalah( .

)a op helorepmem gnay kopmoleK atar ni - 6 iapmas 5 atar iagabes ,

.kiab kopmolek

)b repmem gnay kopmoleK atar niop helo - apmas 7 atar 8 i iagabes ,

.tabeh kopmolek

)c niop helorepmem gnay kopmoleK 9 ,01 iapmas kopmolek iagabes

.repus

.c DATS nahameleK nad naluggnueK

)1 naluggnueK

malad hibel ijakgnem haleteS fitarepook edotem ataynret

naluggnuek uata nataukek aparebeb ikilimem ini DATS epit

h( 27/4c7/aecaHSAH/sevihcca/ispirks/ldsg/di.ca.sennu.biligid//:ppt

).fdp.cod/rid/ca :tukireb iagabes

)a kopmolek nakutnebmeP - khadumem licek kopmolek a urug n

.amasreb rajaleb malad awsis rotinomem kutnu

)b ebmem naka nakirebid gnay naagrahgnep uata haidaH nakir

.iggnit gnay lisah iapacnem kutnu awsis igab nagnorod

)c hitalem tapaD rotut idajnem kutnu awsis ayabes , aggnihes

kidid atresep arap isatagnem malad kididnep utnabmem tapad

rajaleb natilusek imalagnem gnay asib iapmas .


82

)2 nahameleK

hamelek aparebeb adA fitarepook edotem adap ada gnay na

:utiay DATS epit

)a nakisidnokgnem hadum kadiT arap raga awsis nad fitka tapad

ajrekeb molek malad amas awsis kutnu amaturet kop salek id

.rasad halokes adap hadner

)b nikgnumek ada awhaB ikilimem gnay kidid atresep halmuj na

tikides tagnas tapec nagned iretam imahamem naupmamek

hakgnal malad ada gnay lairotut naanaskalep aggnihes

.natilusek imalagnem narajalebmep

)c nataigek malad utkaw kaynab nakhutubmeM .aynnarajalebmep

)d rikifreb tabmal gnay awsis aggnihes nagnutnagretek aynadA

.iridnam rajaleb hitalreb tapad kadit

awsis isatserP tapad ,DATS kinket nagned naktakgnitid

anerak narajalebmep kinket nakapurem gnay fitarepook

kopmolek utas malad ayabes rutot aynidajret naknikgnumem nad

las aynaluggnuek kaynab DATS narajalebmep malad aynutas ha

fa kepsa ipatet fitingok kepsa naktakgninem aynah kadit nad fitke

.ilagret kirotomokisp

.G rikiP akgnareK

ledoM awsis adap natapmesek nakirebmem fitarepook narajalebmep

kopmolek malad amasajrekeb - halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu licek kopmolek

emem uata narajalebmep ,uti nialeS .amasreb araces halasam utaus nakhac


92

malad fitisop pakis naktakgninem awsis utabmem tapad fitarepook

irid naayacrepek nugnabmem laudividni araces awsis araP .akitametam

halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu naupmamek padahret - tametam halasam ,aki

padahret samec asar nakgnalihgnem nad ignarugnem naka aggnihes

.awsis kaynab imalaid gnay akitametam

adap natapmesek nakirebmem DATS kinket fitarepok narajalebmeP

nakiserpskegnem ,narajalebmep malad fitka hibel isapisitrapreb kutnu awsis

hategnep edi molek malad fisneherpmok araces ikilimid halet gnay nau .aynkop

rajaleb awsis akiteK atirec laos iulalem halasam nakiaseleynem akitametam

,licek kopmolek iulalem talub nagnalib nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay

gnay gnorodnem molek atoggna ikipreb kutnu kop aynatreb fitka hibel r awsiS .

aynkilabes nad asib muleb gnay aynkopmolek atoggna irajagnem asib gnay

atoggna aumes iapmas asib gnay namet adapek aynatreb asib muleb gnay

nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakajregnem asib kopmolek

alub nagnalib ,t geletni kutnebmem naka aggnihes irid adap akitametam isne

awsis .asib surah kopmolek atoggna aumes utiay naka tubesret laH

.awsis rajaleb lisah naiapacnep natakgninep padahret huragnepreb

.H nakadniT sisetopiH

malad naksumurid tapad gnay nakadnit sisetopiH ini naitilenep halada

naanuggnep fitarepook narajalebmep ledom tapad DATS kinket

VI salek awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem ojoridaK suisinaK DS id malad

laos nakiaseleynem tabilem gnay akitametam atirec nagnalib nahalmujnep nak

talub .


03

III BAB

EP EDOTEM NAITILEN

.A naitileneP gnitteS

.1 naitilenep utkaW

es adap nakanaskalid naka ini naitileneP 1102/0102 narajA nuhaT 2 retsem

:utiay sulkis aud irad iridret gnay

I sulkiS 8 laggnat adap nakanaskalid : – 1102 inuJ 9

II sulkiS 31 laggnat adap nakanaskalid : – J 41 1102 inu

.2 naitilenep tapmeT atrakaygoY ,namelS ,nasalaK ,ojoridaK suisinaK DS :

.3 naitilenep kejbuS awsiS : .ojoridaK suisinaK DS VI salek

.4 naitilenep kejbO naktabilem gnay atirec laos nakiaseleyneM naupmameK :

.talub nagnalib nahalmujnep

.B leneP niaseD naiti

.1 nagned nakadnit naitilenep ledom nakakumegnem gnay ilha aparebeb adA

raseb sirag araces )76:6002( aydaM hisrawuS .adebreb gnay nagab

: utiay ,iulalid mizal gnay napahat tapme tapadret

.a naanacnereP

.b naanaskaleP

.c natamagneP

.d iskelfeR


13

nep nad ledom nupadA gnisam kutnu nasalej - halada pahat gnisam

: tukireb iagabes

nakadniT naitileneP rasad sesorP 1.3 rabmaG

)86 :6002 ,aydaM hisrawuS malad( nruB irad isakifidoM

.2 2 kaynabes nakanaskalid naka naitilenep sulkis aynkaynab anacneR

is .sulk

.3 ek airetirK 24 lawa isidnok akij ,nalisahreb irad gnaruk hisam gnay %

ok adap akam ,MKK dn nakparahid awsis rihka isi 68 iapacnem gnay %

.MKK

iskelfeR

I lawa

nakadniT

nad

I isavresbO

I naanacnereP II naanacnereP I iskelfeR

nakadniT

naD

II isavresbO

iskelfeR

II


23

.C lawA iskelfeR

.1 .kokop iretam nad rasad isnetepmok ijakgneM

.2 .subalis nusuyneM

.3 .PPR nakpaiyneM

.4 isik taubmeM - laos isik

.5 .laos sket nakpaiyneM

.6 t nakutneneM narokeynep kinke nabawaj .

I sulkiS

amatreP naumetreP

)1 nakadniT anacneR

)a .irajalepid naka gnay iretam ianegnem ispesrepa nakukaleM

)b .iapacid naka gnay naujut nad iretam nakiapmayneM

)c rug nasalejnep nakragnednem awsiS laos nakiaseleynem gnatnet u

.talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec

)d .kopmolek malad igabid awsiS

)e nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nahital laos nakajregnem awsiS

.kopmolek malad talub

)f atirec laos nakajregnem kutnu urug kujnutid awsis aparebeB

nalib nahalmujnep .silut napap id talub nag

)g gnatnet atirec laos nahital amasreb sahabmem urug nad awsiS

.talub nagnalib nahalmujnep

)h nahalmujnep gnatnet atirec laos isaulavE lib an .talub nag


33

)2 naanaskaleP anacneR

.nakadnit anacner nagned iauses nakanaskalid narajalebmeP

)3 agneP .natam

nad narajalebmep itukignem awsis amales natamagnep nakukaleM

.urug irad sagut nakajregnem

)4 iskelfeR

)a isakifitnedigneM nalagagek babeynep natabmah / nataiagek malad

.narajalebmep

)b iskelfereM lah nak - paggnaid gnay lah .lisahreb muleb gnay

etreP audeK naum

)1 nakadniT anacneR

)a nagnalu naanaskalep nakanacnereM

)b gnem nad nakpaiyneM g .laos nakadna

)2 naanaskaleP anacneR

)a .nagnalu itukignem kutnu awsis nakpaiyneM

)b .awsis paites adapek laos sket nakigabmeM

)c .laos nakajregnem kujnutep nakirebmeM

)d lisah naklupmugneM .iskerokid kutnu awsis ajrek

)3 natamagneP

.nagnalu laos nakajregnem awsis amales natamagnep nakukaleM

)4 iskelfeR

)a isakifitnedigneM .setsop nataigek amales natabmah/nagnarukek


43

)b .kidid atresep nakajrekid gnay laos sisilanagneM

aupmamek gnatnet nalupmisek taubmeM laos nakajregnem malad awsis n

.talub nagnalib nahalmujnep gnatnet atirec

.D ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

nakiaseleynem malad kidid atresep isatserp iuhategnem kutnU

nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nahalmujnep itilenep ,talub nagnalib

lutret set nakanuggnem nataigek malad itilenep itamagnem kutnU .si

isavrebo rabmel nakanuggnem itilenep ,narajalebmep .

.1 silutret seT

m gnay naialinep kinket utaus halada silutret seT u nabawaj tutnun

b kiab ,silutret araces S sugA( naisi uata nahilip apure .)831:9002 ,onojirpu

leneP kutneb nagned atad naktapadnem kutnu silutret set nakanuggnem iti

laos .)ripmalret laos( ritub 01 halmujreb gnay naiaru

eM ,)831:9002( onojirpuS sugA turun ulrep gnay rotkaf aparebeb

: aynaratnaid silutret set naanaskalep malad nakitahrepid

.a askalep tapmeT atres nahudagek irad huaj nad fisudnok surah set naan

.naiamarek

.b apur naikimedes rutaid kidid atresep kudud tapmet ,set tapmet gnauR

adit raga nagnarucek idajret k - .nagnarucek

.c .gnaret ulalret kadit nad paleg kadit ,rutaid surah naayahacnep metsiS


53

.2 avresbO natamagnep uata is

gnay naialinep kinket halada natamagnep uata isavresbO

,onojirpuS sugA( gnusgnal araces ardni nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid

alid isavresbO .)931:9002 rabmel nakanuggnem nagned nakuk savresbo i

meti halmujes isireb gnay d naka gnay ukalirp .itamai

.E naitileneP nemurtsnI

laos nakiaseleynem malad kidid atresep isatserp iuhategnem kutnU

atiakreb gnay atirec nagned n nahalmujnep itilenep ,talub nagnalib

ilutret set nakanuggnem s naiaru laos apureb .

.1 isiK - laos isik II sulkis nad I sulkis setsop

S radnat

isnetepmoK

isnetepmoK

rasaD

naiapacneP rotakidnI hlmJ

laoS

.oN

laoS

.5 nakhalmujneM

nad

nakgnarugnem

nagnalib

talub nagnalib

4.5 nakukaleM

isarepo

gnutih

narupmac

tapad awsiS. 1

nakiaseleynem laos

atirec nahalmujnep

d fitisop nagnalib na

ay fitagen ialin gn

.licek hibel aynkaltum

tapad awsiS .2iaseleynem laos nak

nahalmujnep atirec nagned fitisop nagnalib gnay fitagen nagnalib hibel aynkaltum ialin

.raseb

2

2

8,7

01,9


63

tapad awsiS .3nakiaseleynem laos

atirec nahalmujnep talub nagnalib fitagen

kaltum ialin gnay ayn nagned raseb amas

.fitisop nagnalib

tapad awsiS 4

nakiaseleynem laos

atirec nahalmujnep

talub nagnalib fitagen

d lon nagne .

tapad awsiS .5

nakiaseleynem laos

airec nahalmujnep

n talub nagnalib fitage

.fitagen nad

2

2

2

4,3

2,1

6,5


73

.2 isiK - rabmeL isiK isavresbO

nataigek nakaanaskalem malad itilenep itamagnem kutnU

akgnal nagned iauses narajalebmep h- tamagnep ,DATS kinket hakgnal

sbo rabmel nakanuggnem isik gnay isavre - isik :tukireb iagabes ayn

oN kepsA ritub halmuJ laoS .oN 1 narajalebmep napaisreP 3 ,1 ,2 3 2 iretam naijayneP 3 ,4 ,5 6 3 kopmolek rajaleb nataigeK 3 ,7 ,8 9 4 naaskiremeP nataigek lisah padahret

kopmolek 3 11,01 21 ,

5 laos nakajregnem awsiS - set laosaces laudividni ar

2 41 ,31

6 set lisah naaskiremeP 3 71,61 ,51

7 kopmolek naagrahgneP 3 ,81 1 02,9 ialiN : tukireb iagabes halada narajalebmep naanaskalep

nahelorep roks latoT = ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS

: nagnareteK

08 – A = 001 07 – = 97 B C = 07<

kiab tagnaS = A

kiaB = B

kiab pukuC = C


83

.F kinkeT ataD sisilanA

fitatitnauk ataD .atad naruku iagabes akgna nakanuggnem

aklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid fitatitnauk kinkeT atad nakropalem nad n

araces kiremun )961 :6991 ,rajdaH unbI( la . nakanuggnem ini naitileneP

kutnu utiay ,fitpirksed sisilana kinket fitatitnauk atad sisilana

nad MKK iapacnem halet gnay awsis esatnesrep nakispirksednem ialin

.isavesbo

i naitilenep malaD in epid helor atad atad nad awsis esatnesrep

tukireb iagabes utiay isavresbo ialin :

.1 awsis isatserp ataD

gnutihgnem nagned helorepid awsis isatserp ataD esatnesrep awsis

iapacnem halet gnay :tukireb iagabes sumur nakanuggnem MKK

MKK iapacnem gnay awsis halmuJ =MKK esatnesreP 001 X %

awsis halmuJ .2 isavresbo ataD

esbo ataD isavr isilanaid s iagabes sumur nakanuggnem nagned

:tukireb

lorep roks latoT nahe = ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS


93

.G rotakidnI nalisahrebeK naitileneP

nalisahrebeK rotakidnI lawa isidnoK I sulkiS II sulkiS

awsis isatserP

ialin irad gnutihid( atar - atar setsop )

53

06 60

satnesreP e aynkaynab awsis gnay

MKK iapacnem

42% 68 % 68 %

nakrasadreB tid tapad sata id lebat nalupmisek kira tukireb iagabes :

iB ialin al awsis gnay iapacnem MKK 60 %68 kaynabes , naitilenep akam

.lisahreb


04

B VI BA

NAITILENEP LISAH NASAHABMEP NAD

.A De rks i ataD isp

eneP )KTP( saleK nakadniT naitil ini ineM ”ludujreb naktakgn

P gnay akitametaM atireC laoS nakiaseleyneM malad rajaleB isatser

taluB nagnaliB nahalmujneP naktabileM inkeT nagned awsiS adap DATS k

102 narajA nuhaT 2 retsemeS ojoridaK .KDS VI saleK 0 102/ 1” naitileneP .

.nataigek tapme irad iridret sulkis paiT .sulkis aud kaynabes nakukalid

:tukireb iagabes sulkis pait nataigek nasalejneP

.1 I sulkiS

.a nakadnit anacneR

isaulave laos ,SKL ,PPR nakpaiynem itileneP laos atres

.setsop E es nakukalid isaulav ades ,kopmolekreb nataigek halet nakgn

iuhategnem kutnu )amatrep( I sulkis rihka adap nakijuid setsop

.MKK iapacnem malad awsis nalisahrebek

.b nakadnit naanaskaleP

naskaleP a na kutnu rajagnem rajaleb nataigek I sulkis

aud kaynabes nakanaskalid ilak rep met au inuJ 8 laggnat adap utiay n

9 nad J inu helo itukiid gnay 1102 halmujreb gnay awsis aumes 33

awsis .


14

kinket namodep nagned iauses narajalebmep nataigeK

gnem utiay DATS pahaT .pahat 8 nakanug - tubesret pahat utiay :

)1 P alebmep napaisre .naraj

tapmetid awsiS 8 malad nak irad iridret gnay kopmolek gnay awsis

.)sinte nad nimalek sinej ,naupmamek( negoreteh

)2 P .iretam naijayne

id itileneP is in naujut uhat irebmem uruG .urug iagabes halada

narajalebmep rahid isuksidreb nagned utiay a upmam nakp

rec laos nakiaseleynem nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay ati

talub nagnalib , iretam naksalejnem nad isavitom nakirebmem

nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem arac gnatnet

almujnep .talub nagnalib nah P arac nasalejne laos nakiaseleynem

sata id atirec :tukireb iagabes

G :silut napap id laos naksilunem uru

se iramel id ukeb gnigad uhuS -7 kasamid akiteK .C˚ aynuhus

541 kian cleC tajared apareB .C˚ kasamid haletes gnigad uhus sui ?

leynem arac naksalejnem uruG atirec laos nakiase .sata id

uruG : gnaL silunem nailak amatrep hak nak “ ekid iuhat ”, audek

“ aynatid ”, agitek “ bawajid ”, atak rihkaret nad ” ”.idaj

atirec laos nakiaseleynem hakgnal naksilunem uruG tubesret id

.silut napap


24

uhatekiD : i S se iramel id ukeb gnigad uhu -7 C˚ .

D 541 kian aynuhus kasami C˚ .

aynatiD : haletes gnigad uhus suicleC tajared apareB

?kasamid

iuhatekid idaT ukeb gnigad -7 C˚ kasamid ,se iramel id

kian 541 C˚ akam ,+ halada aynadnat akam kian atak adA .

:silutid

bawajiD : -7 541 + C˚ C˚ 831 = C˚

s idaJ halada kasamid haletes gnigad uhu 831 C˚ .

G uru ”?muleb salej haduS “ :

awsiS ”.haduS “ :

uruG “ : umes ratniP a 4 salek kana . k aboC ala aumes salej hadus u

”!naped ek ujam leinaD atnim imaT ub

leinaD ”.ub ,aY “ :

silut napap id laos naksilunem uruG .

usamid mulebes riA k uhusreb sakluk ek nak 22 C˚ S . halete

kusamid k na 8 nurut aynuhus tinem 01 aynamales sakluk ek C˚ .

?gnarakes ria uhus suicleC tajared apareB

nabawaj naksilunem leinaD n silut napap id ay .

iuhatekiD : kusamid mulebes riA k 22 uhusreb sakluk ek na C˚

d haleteS usami kk sakluk ek na tinem 01

ynuhus 8 nurut a .C˚

aynatiD : ?gnarakes ria uhus suicleC tajared apareB


34

bawajiD 22 : C˚ - 8 C˚41 = C˚

halada gnarakes ria uhus idaJ 41 C˚ .

uruG ”?leinaD nabawaj nagned ujutes gnay apaiS “ :

awsiS )iraj kujnut aumeS ( ”!ukA “ :

uruG kok ,ujutes apaneK“ : b gnarukid habmatid naku ”?

awsiS ada aneraK “ : nurut atak ”!ub

uruG s ,aY “ : retnip aume , niop hisak imaT ub nabawaJ .001

”.raneb leinaD naksilutid gnay

awsiS ”!eroH “ :

uruG “ : atirec laos nakajregneM , nad acabid surah laos

hibel acabiD .uluhad hibelret imahapid ,ilak utas irad

!eko ”

awsiS ”!ub ,ekO “ :

ynep malad iakapid gnay edoteM waj aynat halada iretam naiapma ba .

)3 K kopmolek rajaleb nataige .

mem uruG arac naksalejnem uruG .awsis aumes ek SKL nakigab

naknikayem uruG .kopmolek malad ajrek es awsis pait salej halet

nagnalib nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos gnatnet

,talub an kopmolek atogg adapek nautnab nakirebmem atnimid

kopmolek atoggna ayn gnilas ,napos nagned salej muleb gnay

.iagrahgnem nad itamrohgnem kopmolek rajaleb nataigek taaS

gnusgnalreb , ada gnay kopmolek atoggna aparebeb

niamreb namet helo nakbabesid ini laH .uarugreb/aracibreb


44

kutnu gnukudnem kadit anasaus aggnihes ,kopmolek utas idajnem

.isuksidreb

)4 P .kopmolek nataigek lisah padahret naaskireme

masreb kopmolek lisah askiremem awsis nad uruG a- .amas paiteS

ynatoggna utas halas helo ilikawid kopmolek kutnu a naksilunem

mem uruG .silut napap id aynnabawaj e kopmolek pait lisah askir

neb nakataynid haleteS .silut napap id silutid gnay ,urug helo ra

kopmolek nial askiremem SKL olek isuksid irad lisah kopm .

kopmolek pait uti haleteS gnem rabmel utas naklupmu bawaj .SKL

)5 S nakajregnem awsi s lao - .udividni araces set laos

awsiS .bawaj rabmel nad laos nakirebid awsis ini pahat adaP

udividni araces set laos nakajregnem kutnu nakranebid kadit ,

ynatreb ,tahilem .namet adapek nabawaj nakirebmem uata a

set taas anasauS .racnal nagned nalajreb nad gnanet

)6 .set lisah naaskiremeP

set naaskiremeP .urug helo nakukalid ini ini naaskiremeP

.iaseles rajagnem rajaleb nataigek haletes nakukalid uruG

nabawaj icnuk nakpaiynem iskerognem mulebes uluhad hibelret

.set lisah

)7 P .udividni natakgninep roks nairebme

aleteS h awsis set lisah irad ialin tapadnem g , uru

mem hisiles gnutihgnem utiay rasad roks nagned aynnakgnidnab

.rasad roks nagned set lisah roks aratna


54

)8 kopmolek naagrahgneP .

atar niop gnutihgnem urug ini pahat adaP - nioP .kopmolek atar

atar - roks halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid kopmolek atar

udividni natakgninep aumes kopmolek atoggna nagned igabid

kopmolek 2 ada ini I sulkis adaP .kopmolek atoggna halmuj

us kopmolek iagabes nad tabeh kopmolek iagabes kopmolek 3 ,rep

.kiab kopmolek iagabes kopmolek 3

.c amagneP t na

nataigek malad itilenep itamagnem halokes alapeK narajalebmep gnay

gnades gnusgnalreb bo rabmel nakanuggnem natamagneP . s isavre

esid halet gnay eL .itilenep helo nakaid bo rabm halmujes isireb isavres

hakgnal nagned iauses gnay meti - .DATS kinket hakgnal iraD meti 02

rabmel adap bo se isavr , ada meti nad kiab nagned nalajreb halet gnay

i utaS .gnaruk hisam gnay ada am gnay met his utiay gnaruk gnaruk

emsaisutna nakhubmunem kopmolek atoggna tapadnem roks 2 .

51 nakgnadeS hadus meti kiab utiay 3 roks nagned taubmem

iauses rajagnem napaisrep nagned naktapmenem ,iretam malad awsis

irebmem ,kopmolek iretam naksalejnem ,narajalebmep naujut nakuhat

ebmep nakanaskalem ,tutnur araces iauses narajal nagned isakola

utkaw fitisop nopserem , pisitrap habmep ,awsis isa a nas nabawaj SKL

urug ujamek uatnamem ,kopmolek atoggna amasreb ,rajaleb lisah na

pmu nakirebmem l nad set laos nakirebmem ,kilab na bawaj rabme ,

oks nakutnenem s nabawaj padahret r rem ,set lao jnem roks habu ida


64

kopmolek roks gnutihgnem .ialin ratfad taubmem ,ialin meti 4 adA .

nakirebmem ,rasad roks nakutnenem utiay kiab tagnas helorepmem

,bawaj rabmel nad set laos nad kopmolek roks ratfad taubmem

molek adapek naagrahgnep nakirebmem tnetek nagned iauses kop u .na

bo naujuT res vas aynkadit uata iauses iuhategnem kutnu halada i malad

nuggnem narajalebmep nataigek naanaskalep a DATS kinket nak

iroet nagned . nakadnit anaskalep ,halokes alapek nialeS itamagnem

pmolek rajaleb nataigek malad awsis .udividni set taas nad ko

neP isuksidreb taas nad udividni araces set nakajregnem taas natamag

kopmolek malad .isavresbo rabmel nakanuggnem kadit taaS

arap set nakajregnem huggnus nagned nakajregnem awsis - huggnus nad

lem ,aynatreb apnat iridnes nakajregnem nabawaj nakirebmem nad tahi

.namet adapek

d iskelfeR

isavresbo nad nakadnit nakanaskalem haleteS itilenep ,

lah iskelfer nakukalem - laH .naitilenep malad gnaruk hisam gnay lah - lah

:nial aratna gnaruk hisam gnay

)1 ggna aparebeb ada kopmolek malad isuksid taaS kopmolek ato

tirecreb nad adnacreb gnay a, ha uti l namet anerak nakbabesid

kopmolek utas idajnem niamreb .

)2 itileneP nakhubmunem malad gnaruk hisam utna atoggna emsais

uti lah ,kopmolek abesid b anerak nak naktagnignem kadit urug

nabmusid tapadid gnay roks awhab kopmolek kutnu nakg .


74

krasadreB upmisid tapad sataid iskelfer na awhab nakl

.II sulkis ek naktujnalid naitilenep

.2 II sulkiS

.a anacneR nakadniT

p II sulkis adaP b itilene anacnere nem g aparebeb itnag

atoggna kopmolek gnay .niamreb namet nagned atoggna utas

M akhubmune naktagnignem nagned kopmolek atoggna emsaisutna n

awhab natakgninep .kopmolek kutnu nakgnabmusid tapadid gnay roks

raga nakukalid ini laH alebmep nataigek aj nagned nalajreb tapad nar

nad racnal id awsis pait rah a nakp .MKK iapacnem

.b naanaskaleP t adni nak

S sulki I utiay naumetrep ilak aud kaynabes nakanaskalid I

helo itukiid gnay 1102 inuJ 41 nad inuJ 31 laggnat adap awsis aumes

halmujreb gnay rajagnem rajaleb sesorp nupadA .awsis 33 gnay

adap ucagnem .pahat 8 nakanugnem utiay DATS kinket namodep

pahaT - :tukireb iagabes tubesret pahat

)1 .narajalebmep napaisreP

gnay awsis irad iridret gnay kopmolek 8 malad naktapmetid awsiS

.)sinte nad nimalek sinej ,naupmamek( negoreteh atoggnA

id anerak nahaburep aparebeb ada ini II sulkis adap kopmolek

I sulkis molek ada gnihes ,iamar gnay kop kopmolek atoggna ag

.itnagid ulrep apmetid niamreb utas nameT kopmolek adap nakt


84

5 kopmolek halada itnagid gnay kopmolek atoggnA .adebreb gnay

.6 kopmolek nad

)2 P .iretam naijayne

t uhat irebmem uruG .urug iagabes halada inis id itileneP nauju

nakparahid isuksidreb nagned utiay narajalebmep awsis upmam

nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem

iretam naksalejnem nad isavitom nakirebmem ,talub nagnalib

nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem arac gnatnet

jnep ahalmu P .talub nagnalib n laos nakiaseleynem arac nasalejne

:tukireb iagabes talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay atirec

:silut napap id laos naksilunem uruG

id se uhuS se iramel - 6 001 kian aynuhus kasamid akiteK .C˚ C˚ .

eC tajared apareB se uhus suicl haletes ?kasamid

natiakreb gnay atirec laos nakiaseleynem arac naksalejnem uruG

.talub nagnalib nagned

uruG .atirec laos nakajregnem arac rajaleb hadus nirameK ” :

hakgnal haktagni hisaM - ”?atirec laos nakajregnem hakgnal

awsiS ”!hisaM “ :

uruG pa naktubes aboC “ : ”!ajas a

awsiS ”.idaj nad bawajid ,aynatid ,iuhatekiD “ :

uruG laos irad iuhatekid gnay apa llesiM aboC .sugab ,aY “ :

”?ini atirec

llesiM “ : id se uhuS se iramel - 6 C˚ akitek nad aynuhus kasamid


94

001 kian )silut napap id aynnaksilunem llesiM ( ”.C˚

uruG ”?kuY apa nakaynatid gnay ,uyA aboC “ :

uyA “ : C tajared apareB se uhus suicle ”!kasamid haletes

.)silut napap id aynaksilunem uyA(

uruG eb gnay apaiS “ : ”/bawajnem kutnu naped ek ujam inar

awsiS )iraj kujnut kana aparebeB ( ”!ub ukA “ :

uruG ”.ujam ylloH aboC “ :

: nabawaj naksilunem ylloH - 6 C˚ + 001 C˚ 69 = C˚

uruG ”?ylloH naksilutid gnay nabawaj luteb hakapA “ :

awsiS ”!luteB “ :

uruG tes apul nagnaJ “ : ria uhus idaJ .idaj atak ada bawajid hale

halada kasamid haletes 69 C˚ ”.

awsiS ”!ub ayI “ :

M aynat halada iretam naiapmaynep malad iakapid gnay edote

.bawaj

)3 .kopmolek rajaleb nataigeK

arac naksalejnem uruG .awsis aumes ek SKL nakigabmem uruG

k malad ajrek em uruG .kopmole awsis naknikay gnatnet salej halet

,talub nagnalib nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay atirec laos

atoggna adapek nautnab nakirebmem atnimid kopmolek atoggna

itamrohgnem gnilas ,napos nagned salej muleb gnay aynkopmolek

.iagrahgnem nad taaS k dag kadit anasaus rajaleb nataige itrepes hu

I sulkis niamreb namet helo nakbabesid ini laH . kadit utas idajnem


05

kopmolek anasaus aggnihes , igal .isuksidreb kutnu gnukudnem

)4 P .kopmolek nataigek lisah padahret naaskireme

molek lisah askiremem awsis nad uruG amasreb kop - paiteS .amas

naksilunem kutnu aynatoggna utas halas helo ilikawid kopmolek

kopmolek pait lisah askiremem uruG .silut napap id aynnabawaj

id haleteS .silut napap id silutid gnay ,urug helo raneb nakatayn

kopmolek nial askiremem nabawaj lisah SKL isuksid irad

rabmel utas naklupmugnem kopmolek pait uti haleteS .kopmolek

nabawaj .SKL

)5 S s nakajregnem awsi lao - aces set laos .udividni ar

awsiS .bawaj rabmel nad laos nakirebid awsis ini pahat adaP

tnu nakranebid kadit ,udividni araces set laos nakajregnem ku

.namet adapek nabawaj nakirebmem uata aynatreb ,tahilem

.racnal nagned nalajreb nad gnanet set taas anasauS

)6 set lisah naaskiremeP .

ini naaskiremeP .urug helo nakukalid ini set naaskiremeP

uruG .iaseles rajagnem rajaleb nataigek haletes nakukalid

iynem iskerognem mulebes uluhad hibelret nabawaj icnuk nakpa

.set lisah

)7 P s nairebme .udividni natakgninep rok

urug ,set lisah irad ialin tapadnem awsis haleteS

hisiles gnutihgnem utiay rasad roks nagned aynnakgnidnabmem

.rasad roks nagned set lisah roks aratna


15

)8 rahgneP .kopmolek naag

atar niop gnutihgnem urug ini pahat adaP - nioP .kopmolek atar

atar - roks halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid kopmolek atar

udividni natakgninep aumes nagned igabid kopmolek atoggna

kopmolek 2 ada ini I sulkis adaP .kopmolek atoggna halmuj

nad tabeh kopmolek iagabes kopmolek 3 ,repus kopmolek iagabes

.kiab kopmolek iagabes kopmolek 3

II setsop irebid awsis rajagnem rajaleb sesorp rihka adaP .

naskalid setsoP a laggnat adap nak treb ini setsop ,1102 inuJ 41 nauju

hrebek takgnit iuhategnem kutnu rajaleb sesorp malad awsis nalisa

.nakukalid halet gnay rajagnem

.c natamagneP

gnay narajalebmep nataigek malad itilenep itamagnem halokes alapeK

bo rabmel nakanuggnem natamagneP .gnusgnalreb gnades s isavre

o rabmeL .itilenep helo nakaidesid halet gnay b res 02 isireb isav meti

hakgnal nagned iauses gnay - ATS kinket hakgnal adap meti 02 iraD .D

bo rabmel se gnay ada nad kiab nagned nalajreb halet gnay ada isavr

.gnaruk hisam is adaP k II sul hisam gnay meti utas utiay gnaruk

atoggna emsaisutna nakhubmunem gnaruk kopmolek tapad isataid

aggnihes urug helo aumes jreb tapad meti a kiab nagned nal . nialeS

taas nad isuksid taas itamagnem nakadnit anasakalep ,halokes alapek

nalajreb isuksid nad set taas anasauS .udividni araces set nakajregnem

s hudag kadiT .kiab nagned .I sulkis adap itrepe


25

egnem kutnu halada isvaresbo naujuT aynkadit uata iauses iuhat

nuggnem narajalebmep nataigek naanaskalep a DATS kinket nak

itamagnem nakadnit anaskalep ,halokes alapek nialeS .iroet nagned

taas nad kopmolek rajaleb nataigek malad awsis .udividni set

isuksidreb taas nad udividni araces set nakajregnem taas natamagneP

taaS .isavresbo rabmel nakanuggnem kadit kopmolek malad

huggnus nagned nakajregnem awsis arap set nakajregnem - nad huggnus

mem nad tahilem ,aynatreb apnat iridnes nakajregnem nabawaj nakireb

.namet adapek

.d iskelfeR

gnay DATS kinket nakparenem halet itilenep II sulkis adaP

arajalebmep malad aynilak audek nagned akitametam n kiab utiay

iauses naparenep aratna irad tahilid tapad ini laH .iroet nagned

awsis sativitka ignem malad narajalebmep nataigek ituk lisah atres

.awsis rajaleb nataigek nakanaskalem hadus itilenep uti nialeS

.DATS kinket nagned iauses narajalebmep uti anerak helO , naitilenep

nakitnehid .


35

.B ataD isilanA

.1 kopmoleK naagrahgneP

paiT kopmolek eb nakatoggnar 4- .awsis 5 K pmole ,5 ,4 ,2 ,1 ko

reb 8 ,7 ,6 nakatoggna awsis 4 reb 3 kopmolek nakgnades , nakatoggna 5

.awsis

1 lebaT a.

ataD ispirkseD

hgneP a I sulkis kopmolek naagr

kopmoleK halmuJ niop

halmuJ A atoggn

atar nioP - atarkopmolek

natakgniTnaagrahgnep

1 93 4 9, 57 S repu 2 25 4 6, 52 B kia 3 46 5 9,2 S repu 4 92 4 7, 52 H tabe 5 63 4 9 repuS 6 32 4 5, 57 B kia 7 82 4 7 H tabe 8 12 4 5, 52 B kia

1 kopmolek I sulkis adaP , 3 nad 5 natakgnit tapadnem.

atar niop nagned repus kopmolek iagabes naagrahgnep - kopmolek atar

9, 57 : 9,2 .9 nad naagrahgnep natakgnit tapadnem 8 nad 6 ,2 kopmoleK

atar niop nagned kiab - opmolek atar k turutreb araces - utiay turut 6, 52 ,5 ; 57

4 kopmoleK .52,5 nad op nagned tabeh kopmlek iagabes 7 nad atar ni - atar

kopmolek turutreb araces - utiay turut 7, 52 ad n 7 .

ubesret kopmolek iraD ,t atar niop - tar kopmolek a hadneret

kopmolek helo iapacid gnay 52,5 halada nakgnades ,8 atar niop - atar

kopmolek halada iggnitret helo iapacid gnay 57,9 pmolek o .I k


45

1 lebaT b.

ataD ispirkseD

hgneP a I sulkis kopmolek naagr I

oleK kopm halmuJ

niop halmuJ

A atoggn atar nioP - atar

kopmolek natakgniTnaagrahgnep

1 04 4 01 S repu 2 04 4 01 S repu 3 94 5 9,8 S repu 4 73 4 9, 52 S repu 5 33 4 8, 52 H tabe 6 92 4 7, 52 H tabe 7 04 4 01 S repu 8 93 4 9, 57 S repu

,2 ,1 kopmolek II sulkis adaP 3 8 nad ,7 ,4 , natakgnit tapadnem

atar niop nagned repus kopmolek iagabes naagrahgnep - kopmolek atar

turutreb araces - utiay turut 01 ;01 ; 9,8 01 ;52,9 ; 9 nad , 57 kopmoleK . 5

nad 6 agrahgnep natakgnit tapadnem tabeh na atar niop nagned - atar

kopmolek 8, nad 52 7, .52

tubesret kopmolek iraD helorepmem gnay atar niop - atar hadneret

kopmolek halada 6 k nakgnades , helorepmem gnay kopmole atar niop - atar

iggnitret I kpmolek halada 7 nad 2 , .

.2 Per MKK iapacnem gnay ialiN esatnes

p iracnem kutnU er esatnes acnem gnay awsis MKK iap nakanugid

:tukireb iagabes sumur

MKK iapacnem gnay awsis halmuJ =MKK esatnesreP %001 X

awsis halmuJ


55

2 lebaT

ataD ispirkseD

Per acneM gnay ialiN esatnes MKK iap

sulkiS halmuJ gnay awsisiapacnem KK M

halmuJs aumes awsi

Per esatnes

lawa isidnoK 41 33 %24,24 I 12 33 ,36 %46 II 92 33 %98,78

ay awsis halmuj iuhategnem haleteS adap MKK iapacnem gn

alid gnay I sulkis k nat adap nakanas lada 1102 inuJ 9 nad 8 lagg ha

46,36 .% ek tegrat iapacnem muleb I sulkis aneraK ,nalisahreb naitilenep

.1102 inuJ 41 nad 31 laggnat adap nakanaskalid gnay II sulkis naktujnalid

p II sulkis adaP er esatnes awsis gnay 98,78 halada MKK iapacnem .%

sulkiS halet II ihibelem tegrat irad 68 ,% natilenep id itneh .nak

.3 isavresbO ataD

nakukalem itilenep aynkadit uata iauses iuhategnem kutnU

rajagnem rajaleb nataigek itilenep ,DATS kinket nagned iauses

nakisireb gnay isavresbo rabmel nakaideynem aparebeb meti .

nahelorep roks latoT

= ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS


65

3 lebaT

ispirkseD ataD

O isavresb

sulkiS rokS akgnA ialiN furuH ialiN I 36 87 , 57 B II 66 28 ,5 A

daP ay roks I sulkis a 87 alin nagned 36 helorepid gn , 57 )B( .

adaP uilkis 87 helorepid gnay roks II alin nagned 79 i ,5 )A( .

.C nasahabmeP

naitileneP luduj nagned malaD rajaleB isatserP naktakgnineM

nahalmujneP naktabileM gnay akitametaM atireC laos nakiaseleyneM

awsiS adap DATS kinkeT nagned taluB nagnaliB ojoridaK KDS VI saleK

S nuhaT 2 retseme A 1102/0102 naraj , dnem kutnu naujutreb e atad nakispirks

esbo atad nad MKK iapacnem gnay awsis rajaleb isatserp r sav iD .itilenep i

iarau ini hawab .aynasahabmep n

.1 nakiaseleyneM malad akitametaM rajaleB isatserP sisilanA lisaH

jneP atireC laoS taluB nagnaliB nahalmu

lisaH em I sulkis naitilenep kujnun ak n awhab awsis gnay

MKK iapacnem ada 12 awsis MKK sulul kadit gnay awsis nad ada 21

irad awsis es wsis aum a halmujreb gnay 33 iapacnem gnay awsis halmuJ .

akisamrofsnartid MKK p kutneb malad n er nes ,36 utiay 46 i laH .% ut

m une n nakkuj .lisahreb muleb naitilenep awhab


75

lisaH nakadnit naklubminem ,lisahreb muleb I sulkis adap

kopmolek naigabmep irad tahilid akiJ .itilenep igab naaynatrep aparebeb

sinej nad lautkeletni takgnit nagned iauses hadus irusuletid haleteS .nimalek

adnacreb gnay awsis ada ,itilenep nakukalid gnay natamagnep nakrasadreb

ahadaP .kopmolek isuksid malad nakulrepid DATS kinket malad l gnilas

kopmolek isuksid malad amasajrekeb idajret aggnihes .ayabes rotut

sahreb muleb I sulkiS II sulkis adap nakujnalid naitilenep ,li .

fer nakrasadreB le ay awsis ada hisam ,I sulkis isk itileneP .adnacreb gn

em gn naujutreb gnay kopmolek atoggna habu raga tapad kopmolek isuksid

id ayabes rotut aynidajret ,uti nialeS .fisudnok nagned nalajreb anam

gna muleb gnay namet irajagnem upmam asib hadus gnay kopmolek atog

nagned aynkopmolek malad asib s huggnu - huggnus .nauggnag ada apnat

II sulkis adaP , aleb isatserp MKK iapacnem gnay awsis raj

p nagned er satnes e ,78 98 .% awsis 92 MKK iapacnem gnay awsiS

nakgnades kadit gnay irad awsis 4 MKK iapacnem .awsis 33 Pe esatnesr

II sulkis 98,78 utiay p nakgnades % er nes halada nalisahrebek tegrat esat

68 .% i laH ut kujnunem k II suklis adap awhab na araces rajaleb nasatnutek

irad kiab hibel natakgninep imalagnem halet lakisalk aynadA .I sulkis

lisah natakgninep nakisamrofnignem urug haletes anerak ini awsis rajaleb

paites ialin nad isaulave/set ada ulales naka narajalep rihka paites awhab

aggnihes ,aynopmolek igab niop nakgnabmuynem naka kopmolek atoggna

ntukireb naumetrep adap .rajaleb kutnu isavitomret awsis ay leneP i nait

id nakitneh adap rihka II sulkis .


85

.2 isavresbO ataD sisilanA lisaH

m I sulkis adap isavresbo lisaH e nakkujnun ada hisam awhab

gnay nagnarukek hisam .ayntukireb sulkis kutnu naktakgnitid ulrep

ukeK itlenenep nagnar I sulkis malad utiay , ayngnaruk nakhubmunem

.kopmolek atoggna malad awsis isapisitrap tilenep II suklis adaP upmam i

naktakgninem roks kutnu I sulkis adap helorepid gnay rokS .I sulkis adap

nem meti rap nakhubmu it is isapis s malad aw kopmolek atoggna apadnem t

roks .3 halada helorepid gnay roks II sulkis adap nakgnades ,2

ialin helorepid I sulkis adaP 9,7 (B .36 roks nagned ) aP sulkiS ad

n II tapadid gnay iali 52,8 (A .66 roks nagned )

.3 narajalebmeP malaD awsiS nad itileneP sativitkA

id ,atad sisilana nakrasadreB malad awsis sativitka helorep

jalebmep sesorp akitametam nara gnatnet laos nakiaseleynem gnay atirec

ep naktabilem talub nagnlib nahalmujn ada ,kopmolek malad amasajrek hal

t idaJ .kopmolek atoggna ratna isuksid/ayabes rotu , awhab nakatakid tapad

is sativitka .fitka nakirogatakid tapad aws

itilenep sativitka kutnU , narajalebmep amales itilenep halet

hakgnal nakanaskalem - nagned iauses narajalebmep hakgnal DATS kinket

i laH .kiab nagned ut iretam naksalejnem urug sativitka nagned tahilret

p nopserem ,tutnur araces isavitom nakhubmunem ,awsis isapisitrap fitiso ,

emsaisutna nakhubmunem atres lek atoggna tnamem ,kopmo naujamek ua

malad awsis isawagnem ,rajaleb lisah nakirebmem ,set nakajregnem

pmu atres kilab na kopmolek naagrahgnep nakirebmem .


95

BAB V

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

D ira lisah naitilenep nasahabmep nad amales nakukalid halet gnay

aud ,sulkis ad naklupmisid tap awhab tapad DATS kinket naparenep

aos nakiaseleynem malad awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem atirec l

akitametam nahalmujnep nagned natiakreb gnay ib .talub nagnal uti laH

ujnutid k inep aynada nak n seterp adap utiay awsis rajaleb nasatnutek natakg

,)awsis 41( %24,24 MKK iapacnem gnay awsis adap rihka esatnesrep I sulkis

nad )awsis 12( %46,36 MKK iapacnem gnay awsis adap rihka gnay II sulkis

apacnem .)awsis 92( %98,78 MKK i

.B naraS

k nakrasadreB nalupmise sata id , raga rajagnem rajaleb sesorp

akam ,awsis igab lamitpo gnay lisah nakirebmem hibel nad fitkefe hibel

naras nakiapmasid urug kutnu tukireb iagabes :

.1 naskalem kutnU a ametam narajalebmep nak DATS kinket nagned akit

gnay napaisrep nakulremem aggnihes ,gnatam pukuc urug upmam surah

ces kopmolek atoggna hilimem uata nakutnenem es ,tapet ara h malad aggni

rajagnem rajaleb sesorp .lamitpo gnay lisah helorepid


06

.2 adapek iretam nakiapmaynem malaD g ,awsis uru gnires hibel aynkadneh

nakanuggnem kinket iagabreb s naujut nagned narajalebmep tapad awsi

namalagnep nakumenem nad pesnok helorepmem malad urab nauhategnep/

tek e .ipadahid gnay halasam nakhacemem malad nalipmar


16

AKATSUP RATFAD

S sengA .3002 .itawaytesarP iwi nahalaseK - awsiS nakukaliD gnay nahalaseK laoS nkiaseleynreM malad atrakaygoY ojimuB atinakaraT DS VI saleK

akitametaM atireC 2002/1002 .)ispirkS( :atrakaygoY satisrevinU atanaSamrahD .

.9002 .onojirpuS sugA evitarepooC gninraeL . oY atrakayg : rajaleP akatsuP

.1991 .kkd,ajajdiwatuS rabkA III akitametaM nakididneP .dubkidpeD :atrakaJ .

gnortsmA , egavaS nad .G divaD , .6991 .V moT nA noitacudE yradnoceSnoitcudortnI .ynapmoC gnihsilbuP egoloC nallimcaM :ASU .

.6891.anajdraS .A A nagnubuH nagned isatupmoK nad asahaB hilA isatserP aratn

IV saleK id akitametaM awsiS rajaleB isatserP . gnalaM : tutitsnInakididneP umlI nad naurugeK anajraS acsaP satlukaF .

laoS narajalebmeP /38117332/scod/moc.cotscod.www/:pttH .DS id atireC

irah adap hudnuiD maK .0102 iluJ 51 si

.rajaleb nairegnep 21/30/1102/moc.sserpdroW .oigusunkms //:pttH adap hudnuiDirah 21 utbaS .1102 lirpA

.fdp.cod/rid/ca27/4c7/aecaHSAH/sevihcca/ispirks/ldsg/di.ca.sennu.biligid//:pptH

irah adap hudnuiD .0102 iluJ 51 simaK

991 .rajdaH unbI .6 rasaD - malaD fitatitnawK naitileneP igolodoteM rasaD .nakididneP atrakaJ .adasreP odnifarG ayaR :

.inojsI .7002 eP renoisiV narajalebm atrakaygoY . .rajaleP akatsuP :

.8002.inojsI ledoM - eP ledoM rihkatuM narajalebm atrakaygoY . .rajaleP akatsuP :

namreH laM re .5891 . dnemoK akitametaM kitadkiD mu ajdameR :gnudnaB .

.ayraK

.4002 .onotraH irS nad initruM akitametaM .suisinaK :atrakaygoY .

amsA ruN .6002 . fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM . atrakaJ : keriD lardneJ tarot.iggniT nakididneP

itawansiL katnujnamiS .2991 . M 1 akitametaM rajagneM edote . akeniR :atrakaJ


26

.atpiC .5991 .E treboR ,nivalS gninraeL evitarepooC retsuhcS dna nomiS A :ASU .

.ynapmoC

imisrahuS .1991 .otnukirA .kitkarP natakedneP utauS naitileneP rudesorPatrakaJ : .atpiC akeniR

kkd ,otnukirA imisrahuS . .6002 .saleK nakadniT naitileneP :atrakaJ imuB TP

.araskA

8891 .onojuS gneP . naraja agneneM halokeS kutnU akitametaM .h :atrakaJ dubkidpeD .

idamuS atarbayruS .4891 nakididneP igolokisP . : atrakaygoY MGU .

kkd ,idranuS . 8002 akitametaM rajaleB oyA . . rakaygoY .suisinaK : at

.aydaM hisrawuS .6002 natileneP naudnaP :naitileneP igolodoteM :atrakaygoY ..PIKI naitileneP agabmeL

.7002 .niduyhaW .taluB nagnaliB akitametaM gnudnaB .puorG nolispE :

gnuapraM nesaY . .7891 on 3 emuloV aedI .atireC laoS .1 : atrakaygoY J APIMP

srevinU .amrahD atanaS sati


36

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER )PPR(

nakididneP nautaS ojoridaK suisinaK DS :

laggnat/iraH 1102 inuJ 8 ,ubaR :

narajaleP ataM akitametaM :

retsemes/saleK II/VI :

ek naumetereP/sulkiS 1/I :

utkaW isakolA )tinem 04 x 3 ( :

.A isnetepmoK radnatS

.5 talub nagnalib nagnalib nakgnarugnem nad nakhalmujneM

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

.talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay halasam nakiaseleyneM 4.5

.C rotakidnI

laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .1.4.5 fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec

.licek hibel aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen nad

fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS 2.4.5

.raseb hibel aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen nagnalib nagned

irec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .3.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep at

.raseb amas aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen talub nagnalib nad fitisop

talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .4.4.5.lon nagned fitagen

nagnalib nahalmujnep airec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS 5.4.5 talub.fitagen talub nad fitagen

1 naripmaL


46

.D iretaM

.talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay halasam nakiaseleyneM

.E edoteM

.1 hamareC

.2 bawaj aynaT

.3 isuksiD

.F narajalebmeP nataigeK

.1 lawA nataigeK

.a aod nagned ilawaiD

.b kana igap tamales”malas irebmeM - ”kana

.c epa nakukaleM iulalem irajalepid naka gnay iretam ianegnem ispesr

:bawaj aynat

se iramel id ukeb gnigad uhuS“ – 70 kian aynuhus kasamid akiteK .C

541 0 ”?kasamid haletes gnigad uhus suicleC tajared apareB .C

itnI nataigeK .2

gnatnet urug nasalejnep nakragnednem awsiS .a laos nakiaseleynem arac

atirec

kopmolek idajnem kutnebid awsiS .b - kopmolek paiT .licek kopmolek

4 irad iridret - .kana 5

.c kopmolekreb araces nahital laos nakajregnem awsiS

.d kopmolek ajrek lisah sahabmeM

.e lek likaw paiT .ajrek lisah naklupmugnem kopmo

5 4 3 2 1

42 32 22 12

51 41 31 21 11 02 91 81 71 61 01 9 8 7 6

82 72 62 52 33 23 13 03 92


56

rihkA nataigeK .3

.a udividni araces siuk nakajregneM

.b siuk lisah naklupmugneM

.c putunep malaS

.d iskelfeR

.1 ?kopmolek araces akitametam rajaleb gnanes gnay apaiS

.2 gnay nial atoggna irajagnem gnay kopmolek atoggna hakadA

?asib muleb

.3 ?nakasar umak gnay amasajrek taafnam hakapA

.G narajalebmep aidem /rajaleB rebmuS

.8002 .kkd,idranuS akitametaM rajaleB oyA :atrakaygoY.

541namalaH.suisinaK - .841

.retemomreT ,siraggneP

.H isaulavE

ripmalret nabawaj icnuk nad laoS

iuhategneM kaygoY 1102 inuJ 8 ,atra

gnibmibmeP nesoD itileneP

srD namikaW . imatU ijuP iratseL


66

BAWAJ RABMEL NAD AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

)SKL(

laggnat/iraH 1102 inuJ 8 ,ubaR :


ek naumeterep/sulkiS 1/I :

utkaW isakolA )tinem 04( :

.A rotakidnI

.1.4.5 fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS


.2.4.5 fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS

ynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen nagnalib nagned .raseb hibel a

.3.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS

.raseb amas aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen talub nad fitisop

.4.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS.lon nagned fitagen

.5.4.5 aos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS talub nagnalib nahalmujnep airec l.fitagen talub nad fitagen

.B kujnuteP

.1 laos nakajreK – !umkopmolek nagned tukireb laos

.2 !umkopmolek atoggna nagned nakisuksiD

.3 .aidesret hadus gnay nabawaj rabmel id nakajreK

.4 .nioplob nakanuggnem nakajreK

aL L 2 naripmaL


76

.C ep halbawaJ !raneb nagned tukireb naynatr

.1 aynuhus gnay saklukid napmisid munim ria lotobeS -40 mulebeS .C

03 kian aggnih naktagnahid uti namunim nakgnadihid 0 uhus apreB .C

?nakgnadihid taas namunim

: bawaJ

.2 sakluk id naki uhuS -50 telid tinem 5 haleteS .C aynuhus ,ajem sata id nakka

1 kian 0 ?gnarakes naki uhus apareB .C

: bawaJ

.3 onoJ .fitisop iagabes aratu nad fitagen iagabes natales awhab nakutnetiD

labreb onoJ akiJ .ubmaj nohop irad m 51 huajes natales hara ek nalajreb ki

nohop irad gnarakes onoJ isisop retem apareB .retem 51 aratu ek hara

?ubmaj

:bawaJ


86

.4 haleteS .sakluk malad ek ria nakusamem atiV .utab se taubmem nigni atiV

sakluk id ria uhus naidumek maj 3 – 50 atiV naidumek tinem aparebeB .C

igal tahilem 0 kian ataynret 0 ?gnarakes ria uhus apareB .C

:bawaJ

.5 .retem 01 malades maleynem onoT ,gnaner malok id gnanereb taaS

onoT naiggnitek apareB .retem 2 malades igal maleynem naidumeK

?ria naakumrep irad gnarakes

:bawaJ

kopmolek atoggna amaN :

……………………… .1 .

.2 ………………………

.3 ……………………… .

.4 …………………… ....


96

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

)PPR(


laggnat/iraH 1102 inuJ 9 ,simaK :



ek aumetrep/sulkiS 2/I :

isakolA utkaW )tinem 04 x 3 ( :



.B rasaD isnetepmoK

4.4 .talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay halasam nakiaseleyneM

rotakidnI .C

nep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .1.4.5 fitisop nagnalib nahalmuj




lmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .3.4.5 talub nagnalib naha



talub nagnalib nahalmujnep airec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS 5.4.5agen .fitagen talub nad fit

.D iretaM


3 naripmaL PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

07

.E edoteM

.1 nasaguneP


.1 lawA nataigeK



.c p/nagnalu laos nakajregnem kujnutep nakirebeM .setso

itnI nataigeK .2

.bawaj rabmel nad laos sket nakigabmem itileneP .a

.udividni araces setsop laos nakajregnem awsiS .b

.setsop laos nakajregnem malad awsis itamagneM .c

rihkA nataigeK .3

awsis ajrek lisah naklupmugneM .a

iskelfeR .b

p aoD .c putune




.H isaulavE


iuhategneM 1102 inuJ 9 ,atrakaygoY

gnibmibmeP nesoD neP itile

namikaW .srD imatU ijuP iratseL


17

ANACNER NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP

)PPR(


laggnat/iraH 1102 inuJ 31 ,nineS :



rep/sulkiS ek naumet 1/1I :



5 . talub nagnalib nagnalib nakgnarugnem nad nakhalmujneM

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

4.5 .talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay halasam nakiaseleyneM

.C rotakidnI

pad awsiS .1.4.5 fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem ta




m tapad awsiS .3.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleyne



airec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS 5.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep.fitagen talub nad fitagen

.D iretaM


4 naripmaL


27

.E edoteM

.1 hamareC

.2 bawaj aynaT

.3 isuksiD


.1 lawA nataigeK



.c iulalem irajalepid naka gnay iretam ianegnem ispesrepa nakukaleM

:bawaj aynat

se iramel id ria uhuS“ – 60 001 kian aynuhus kasamid akiteK .C 0 .C

”?kasamid haletes ria uhus suicleC tajared apareB

itnI nataigeK .2

dnem awsiS .a laos nakiaseleynem arac gnatnet urug nasalejnep nakragne

atirec

kopmolek idajnem kutnebid awsiS .b - kopmolek paiT .licek kopmolek

4 irad iridret - .kana 5

pmolekreb araces nahital laos nakajregnem awsiS .c ko

.d kopmolek ajrek lisah sahabmeM

.e .ajrek lisah naklupmugnem kopmolek likaw paiT

rihkA nataigeK .3

.a udividni araces siuk nakajregneM

.b siuk lisah naklupmugneM

.c putunep malaS

5 6 3 2 1

42 32 22 12

51 41 81 21 11 02 91 31 71 61 01 9 8 7 4 6

82 72 62 52 33 23 13 03 92


37

.G iskelfeR

.1 muleb gnay nial atoggna irajagnem gnay kopmolek atoggna hakadA

?asib

.2 akapA h ?nakasar umak gnay amasajrek taafnam

.H narajalebmep aidem /rajaleB rebmuS



.retemomreT ,siraggneP

.I isaulavE


iuhategneM 31 ,atrakaygoY 1102 inuJ


rD namikaW .s imatU ijuP iratseL


47

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

)SKL(

laggnaT/iraH 1102 inuJ 31 ,nineS :

S/saleK retseme 2/VI :

naumetereP/ sulkiS 1/II :

utkaw isakolA m 04 : tine

.A rotakidnI

fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .1.4.5



aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen nagnalib nagned .raseb hibel

talub nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .3.4.5



.lon nagned fitagen

siS 5.4.5 talub nagnalib nahalmujnep airec laos nakiaseleynem tapad aw

.fitagen talub nad fitagen

.B kujnuteP

.1 laos nakajreK - !umkopmolek nagned tukireb laos

.2 !umkopmolek atoggna nagned nakisuksiD

.3 !aidesret hadus gnay nabawaj rabmel id nakajrwK

.4 b nakanuggnem nakajreK !nioplo

5 naripmaL


57

.C !raneb nagned tukireb naaynatrep halbawaJ

.1 aynuhus sakluk id naomisid nakI - .Cº53 kian aggnih gnerogid uti nakI .Cº5

?gnerogid taas naki uhus apareB

:bawaJ

.2 naki uhuS sakluk id - ,ajem sata id nakkatelid tinem 5 haleteS .Cº4 aynuhus

?gnarakes naki uhus tajared apareB .Cº1 kian

:bawaJ

.3 .fitisop iagabes rumit nad fitagen iagabes tarab awhab nakutnetiD

idnA akiJ .ubmaj nohop irad m 01 huajes tarab hara ek nalajreb idnA

isisop retem apareB .m 01 rumit ek hara kilabreb nohop irad idnA

?ubmaj

:bawaJ


67

.4 .sakluk malad ek ria nakkusamem ariV .utab se taubmem nigni ariV

sakluk id ria uhus naidumek maj $ haleteS - tinem aparebeB .Cº6

ria uhus apareB .Cº0 kian ataynret igal tahilem ariV naidumek

?gnarakes

:bawaJ

.5 naudumeK .retem 8 malades maleynem oroT .gnanereb taaS

irad gnarakes oroT naiggnitek apareB .retem 2 malades igal maleynem

?ria naakumrep

:bawaJ

: kopmolek atoggna amaN

.1 ..................................

.2 .... .............................

.3 .................................

.4 .................................


77

.5 .................................

ARAJALEBMEP NAANASKAKALEP ANACNER N

( PPR )


laggnat/iraH 102 inuJ 41 ,asaleS : 1

narajaleP ataM akitameraM :

retsemes/saleK I/VI :

: ek naumeterep/sulkiS 2/II




.B rasaD isnetepmoK

5.4 halasam nakiaseleyneM .talub nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay

rotakidnI .C

fitisop nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .1.4.5



b nagned .raseb hibel aynkaltum ialin gnay fitagen nagnali



nagnalib nahalmujnep atirec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS .4.4.5 talub.lon nagned fitagen

talub nagnalib nahalmujnep airec laos nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS 5.4.5.fitagen talub nad fitagen

iretaM .D


6 naripmaL


87

.E edoteM

.1 nasaguneP


ataigeK .1 lawA n



.c .setsop/nagnalu laos nakajregnem kujnutep nakirebeM

itnI nataigeK .2

.bawaj rabmel nad laos sket nakigabmem itileneP .a

.udividni araces setsop laos nakajregnem awsiS .b

ad awsis itamagneM .c .setsop laos nakajregnem mal

rihkA nataigeK .3

awsis ajrek lisah naklupmugneM .a

iskelfeR .b

putunep aoD .c




.H isaulavE

oS ripmalret nabawaj icnuk nad la

iuhategneM 1102 inuJ 41 ,atrakaygoY


namikaW .srD imatU ijuP iratseL


97

I sulkiS SETSOP

!raneb nagned tukireb laos nakajreK

.1 nunugeP id uhus BIW 00.22 maj sutsugA nalub adaP 3 gneiD nag 0 hawab id C

0 kian BIW 00.32 maj adaP .lon 0 id uhus suicleC tajared apareB .C

? BIW 00.32 maj gneiD naagnunugeP

.2 ayajiW ayaJ nagnunugeP id .TIW 00.40 maj irah igap adap uhuS – 70 maJ .C

0 kian .TIW 03.40 0 gnunugeP id uhus suicleC tajared apareB .C ayajiW ayaJ na

?TIW 03.40 maj

.3 alum sakluk malad id ria lotobeS - uhusreb alum -50 id nakkatelid haleteS .C

5 kian uti ria uhus tinem 51 amales ajem sata 0 ajem sata id ria uhus apareB .C

?gnarakes

.4 b naidumek , kirtsil gnait irad m 01 irik hara ek nalajreb iduR ek hara kilabre

.m 01 nanak

?kirtsil gnait irad gnarakes iduR isisop retem apareB

.5 5 malades igal maleynem aI .m 7 malades gnaner malok id maleynem hilaG

?ria naakumrep irad gnarakes hilaG isisop m apareB .m

.6 abmul rokeeS - eS .tual naakumrep id tahilret abmul abmul naidumek taas -

.m 8 huajes igal maleynem naidumek ,m 91 malades maleynem uti abmul

abmul isisop retem apareB - ?tual naakumrep irad gnarakes abmul

.7 naidumek ,irik ek nautas 01 uyak gnatabes irad payarem tumes rokeeS

adaP .nautas 21 nanak ek hara kilabreb irad tumes katel nautas apareb isisop

?tubesret uyak gnatabes

naripmaL 7


08

.8 ukeb gnigad gnotopes uhuS -60 28 kian aynuhus kasamid haleteS .C 0 apareB .C

.kasamid haletes gnigad uhus suicleC tajared

.9 bes iraD .fitisop iagabes rumit nad fitagen iagabes tarab awhab nakutnetiD hau

nad hara kilabreb inaD akiJ .m 53 tarab hara ek nalajreb inaD aggnam nohop

nohop irad inaD isisop retem apareB .m 52 huajes rumit ek igal nalajreb

.aggnam

.01 naidumeK .m551 malades tual naakumrep hawab id adareb uih naki rokeeS

61 huajes kian uti uih naki hawab irad uih naki isisop retem apareB .m

?tual naakumrep


18

P II SULKIS SETSO


.1 .lon hawab id Cº2 gnuggnameT id uhus BIW 00.12 maj iluJ nalub adaP

uhus suicleC tajared apareB .Cº0 kian BIW 00.32 maj adaP id

?BIW 00.32 maj gnuggnameT

.2 TIW 00.30 maj adap ayajiW ayaj naggnunugeP id irah igap adap uhuS -

nagnunugeP id uhus suiclec tajared apareB .Cº0 kian TIW 03.30 maJ .Cº6

?TIW 03.30 maj agap ayajiW ayaJ

.3 alum sakluk malad id se lotobeS - uhusreb alum - Cº7 id nakatelid haleteS .

sata id se uhus apareB .Cº7 kian uti se uhus tinem 51 amales ajem sata

?gnarakes ajem

.4 hara kilabreb naidumek ,kirtsil gnait irad m 21 irik hara ek nalajreb inoR

?kirtsil gnait irad gnarakes inoR isisop retem apareB .m 21 nanak ek

.5 malades igal maleynem aI .m 9 malades gnaner malok id maleynem agaG

?ria naakumrep irad gnarakes agaG isisop retem apareB .m 5

.6 abmul rokeeS - abmul naidumek taaseS .tual naakumrep id tahilret abmul -

al maleynem naidumek ,m 71 malades maleynem uti abmul 21 malades ig

abmul isisop retem apareB .m - ?tual naakumrep irad gnarakes abmul

.7 naidumek ,irik ek nautas 11 uyak gnatabes irad payarem kacec rokeeS

kacec katel nautas apareb isisop adaP .nautas 31 nanak ek hara kilabreb

?tubesret uyak gnatabes irad

.8 uS ukeb gnigad gnotopes uh - .Cº241 kian aynuhus kasamid haleteS .Cº6

?kasamid haletes gnigad uhus suicleC tajared apareB

.9 iraD .fitisop iagabes rumit nad fitagen iagabes tarab awhab nakutnetiD

onoD akiJ .m 23 tarab hara ek nalajreb onoD aggnam nohop haubes

isisop retem apareB .m 12 huajes rumit ek igal nalajreb nad hara kilabreb

?aggnam nohop irad onoD

.01 .m 561 malades tual naakumrep hawab id adareb uih naki rokeeS

irad uih naki isisop retem apareB .m 61 huajes kian uti uih naki naidumeK

l naakumrep hawab ?tua

8 naripmaL


28

1 sulkiS isaulavE laoS


.1 .alumes irad C°9 kian uhus ini iraH .C°0 hawab id C°2 gnaruilaK id uhuS

?gnarakes gnarakes gnaruilaK id uhus apareB

.2 53 butuK id uhuS 0 0 hawab id C 0 7 kian irah gnais adaP .C 0 ed apareB .C tajar

?aratU butuK id irah gnais adap uhus suisleC

.3 kilabreb ai naidumek ,aggnam nohop irad retem 6 irik haraek nalajreb okoK

agnam nohop irad okoK isisop retem apareB ,nautas 6 nanak ek hara ?

.4 2 id uhus obosonoW id irah malam adaP 0 tajared lon hawab id C .suislec

0 kian irah igap adaP 0 irah igap adap usus haksuislec tajared apareB .C ?

.5 .malegnet gnay lapak iakgnab itilenem kutnu tual rasad ek maleynep gnaroeS

ai naidumek .awaJ tuaL naakumrep hawab id m 57 malades maleynem aI

m apareB . 5 malades igal nurut naakumrep irad gnarakes maleynep isisop

?tual

naripmaL 9


38

I sulkis isaulave laoS I


.1 .alumes irad C°01 kian uhus ini iraH .C°0 hawab id C°5 omorB id uhuS

?gnarakes gnarakes omorB id uhus apareB

.2 04 butuK id uhuS tajared apareB .C05 kian irah gnais adaP .C00 hawab id C0

?aratU butuK id irah gnais adap uhus suisleC

.3 kilabreb ai naidumek ,kurej nohop irad retem 61 irik haraek nalajreb aroT

?kureJ nohop irad aroT isisop retem apareB ,nautas 61 nanak ek hara

.4 aP .suisleC tajared lon hawab id C01 id uhus gnuggnameT id irah malam ad

id irah igap adap usus haksuislec tajared apareB .C00 kian irah igap adaP

?gnuggnameT

.5 hawab id m 58 malades maleynem aI .tual rasad ek maleynep gnaroeS

ai naidumek .tual naakumrep maleynep isisop m apareB .7 malades igal nurut

?tual naakumrep irad gnarakes

01 naripmaL


48

K nad nabawaJ icnu P narokeyne J nabawa soP set S I sulki

oN bawajnem hakgnaL rokS latoT

.1

.2

gneiD nagnunugep id uhus BIW 00.22 maJ : iuhatekiD

lon hawab id Cº3

.Cº0 kian BIW 00.32 maJ

nagnunugep id uhus suicleC tajared apareB : nakaynatiD

?BIW 00.32 maJ gneiD

: naiaseleyneP - Cº0 + Cº3

= - Cº3

halada biw 32 maj gneiD nagnunugep id uhus idaJ - Cº3

00.40 maj ayajiW ayaJ nagnunugep id uhuS :iuhatekiD

TIW - Cº7

TIW 03.40 maj ayajiw ayaJ nagnunugep id uhuS

Cº0

nagnunugep id uhus suicleC tajared apareB : nakaynatiD

?TIW 03.40 maj ayajiW ayaJ

eyneP : naiasel - Cº0 + Cº7

= - Cº7

TIW 03.40 maj ayajiW ayaJ nagnunugeop id uhus idaJ

halada - .C º7

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

7

11 naripmaL


58

.3

.4

.5

6

aluM : iuhatekiD - ajem sata id ria uhus alum -50C

5 kiaN 0C

?gnarakes ajem sata id ria uhus apareB :nakaynatiD

: naiaseleyneP -50 5 + C 0C

0 = 0C

0 halada gnarakes ajem sata id uhus idaJ 0 .C

m 01 irik eK : iuhatekiD

m 01 nanak eK

gnait irad gnarakes iduR isisop retem apareB :nakaynatiD

?kirtsil

: naiaseleyneP - m 01 + m 01

m 0 =

.m 0 halada kirtsil gnait irad gnarakes iduR isisop idaJ

m 7 malades maleymeM : iuhatekiD

5 igal maleymeM m

irad gnarakes hilaG isisop retem apareB : nakaynatiD

?tual naakumrep

: naiaseleyneP - ( + m 7 - m 5

= - m 21

gnarakes hilaG isisop idaJ - .tual naakumrep irad retem 21

atekiD iuhatekiD m 91 malades maleyneM :

m 8 igal maleyneM

eB ; nakaynatiD abmul isisop retem apar - gnarakes abmul

?tual naakumrep irad

: naiaseleyneP - ( + m 91 - )m 8

= - m72

abmul isisop idaJ - tual naakumrep irad gnarakes abmul

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

7

7

7


68

.7

.8

.9

halada - .retem 72

nautas 01 irik ek payereM : iuhatekiD

nanak ek hara kilabreB nautas 21

gnarakaes tumes katel apareb isisop adaP : nakaynatiD

?uyak gnatab irad

: naiaseleyneP - 21 + 01

2 =

2 halada uyak gnatab irad gnarakes tumes isisop idaJ

.nautas

gnigad gnotopes uhuS : iuhatekiD – 60C

28 kian uhus kasamiD 0C

D haletes gnigad uhus suicleC tajared apareB : nakaynati

?kasamid

: naiaseleyneP -60 28 + C 0 C

67 = 0C

67 halada kasamid haletes gnigad uhus idaJ 0 .C

m 53 tarab har aek nalajreb inaD : iuhatekiD

52 rumitek hara kilabreB

: nakaynatiD irad gnarakes inaD isisop retem apareB

?aggnam nohop


= - m 01

halada aggnam nohop irad gnarakes inaD isop idaJ - 01

.retem

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

7

7


78

.01

= m551 tual naakumrep hawab iD : iuhatekiD - m551

.m 61 kiaN

op retem apareB : nakaynatiD naakumrep irad uih naki isis

?tual


= - m 931

h naki isisop idaJ da tual naakumrep irad ui hala - .m931

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

07 roks halmuJ

awsis helorepid gnay roks halmuJ

= ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS


88

nad nabawaJ icnuK P narokeyne J nabawa soP set S I sulki I

oN bawajnem hakgnaL rokS latoT

.1

.2

.3

.lon hawab id Cº2 uhus BIW 00.12 maJ : iuhatekiD

.Cº0 kian BIW 00.32 maJ

id uhus suicleC tajared apareB : aynatiD

?BIW 00.32 maj gnuggnameT


= - Cº2

W 00.32 maj adap gnuggnameT id uhus idaJ BI

halada - Cº2

uhus TIW 00.30 maJ : iuhatekiD - .Cº6

Cº0 kian TIW 03.30 maJ

id uhus suicleC tajared aoareB : aynatiD

03.30 maj adap ayajiW ayaJ nagnunugeP

?TIW


= - Cº6

gnunugeP id uhus idaJ maj adap ayajiW ayaJ na

halada TIW 03.30 - .Cº6

alum se : iuhatekiD - uhusreb alum - .Cº7

Cº7 kiaN

sata id se uhus suicleC tajared apareB : aynatiD

?gnarakes ajem

: bawaJ - 7 + 7

Cº0 =

halada gnarakes ajem sata id se uhus idaJ .Cº0

.m 21 irik hara ek nalajreB : iuhatekiD

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

7

7

7

21 naripmaL


98

.4

.5

.6

.7

.m 21 nanak ek hara kilabreB

?gnaut irad inoR isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

: bawajiD - 21 + 21

0 =

.retem 0 halada gnait irad inoR isisop idaJ

.m 9 malades maleyneM ; iuhatekiD

.m 5 malades igal maleyneM

irad gnarakes agaG isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

?ria naakumrep

: bawajiD - + 9 -5

= - 41

halada ria naakumrep irad agaG isisop idaJ - .m 41

abmuL : iuhatekiD - .m 71 malades maleynem abmul

.m 21 malades igal maleyneM

abmul iasisop retem apareB : aynatiD - abmul

?tual naakumrep irad gnarakes

: bawajiD - + 71 - 21

= - 92

abmul isisop idaJ - naakumrep irad gnarakes abmul

halada tual - .m 92

k ek nautas 11 payarem kaceC : iuhatekiD .iri

.nautas 31 nanak ek hara kilabreB

irad kacec nautas apareb isisop adaP : aynatiD

?tubesret uyak gnatabes

: bawajiD - 31 + 7

6 =

halada tubesret uyak gnatabes irad kacec isisop idaJ

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

7

7

7

7


09

.8

.9

01 .

.nautas 6

ukeb gnigaD : iuhatekiD - Cº6 .

.Cº241 kian uhus kasamiD

gnigad uhus suicleC tajared apareB : aynatiD

?kasamid haletes

: bawajiD - Cº241 + Cº6

231 =

.Cº231 halada kasamid haletes gnigad uhus idaJ

m 23 tarab hara ek nalajreB : iuhatekiD

m 12 rumit ek kara kilabreB

nohop irad onoD isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

?aggnam

: bawajiD - 12 + 23

9 =

gnarakews aggnam nohop irad onod isisop idaJ

.m 9halada

561 malades tual naakumrep hawab iD : iuhatekiD

m

m 61 huajes kiaN

hawab irad uih naki isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

?tual naakumrep

: bawajiD - 61 + 561

m 351 =

tual naakumrep hawab irad uih naki isisop idaJ

m 351 halada

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

7

7

roks halmuJ 07


19

K 1 sulkiS SKL nabawaj icnu

oN bawjnem hakgnaL rokS latoT

1

2

3

4

aynuhus ria lotobeS :iuhatetekiD -40 .C

03 kian aggnih naktagnahid uti namuniM 0 .C

?nakgnadihid taas namunim uhus apreB : aynatiD

: bawajiD - 03 + 4

62

kgnadihid taas namunim uhus idaJ 62 na 0 .C

sakluk id naki uhuS : iuhatekiD -50 .C

1 kian tinem 5 haleteS 0 .C

?gnarakes naki uhus apareB : aynatiD

: bawajiD - 2+ 5

3

3 halada gnarakes naki uhus idaJ 0 .C

.m 51 huajes natales haraek nalajreb onoJ : iuhatekiD

ek hara kilabreB .retem 51aratu

irad gnarakes onoJ isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

?ubmaj nohop

: bawajiD - 51 + 51

0

.m 0 halada ubmaj nohop irad onoJ isisop idaJ

haleteS .sakluk malad ek ria nakusamem atiV : ihatekiD

sakluk id ria uhus naidumek maj 3 – 50 .C

igal tahilem atiV naidumek tinem aparebeB

0 kian ataynret 0 .C

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

7

7

7

7

31 naripmaL


29

5

.?gnarakes ria uhus apareB : aynatiD

: bawaj iD - 0 + 5

-5

gnarakes ria uhus idaJ -50 .C

.retem 01 malades maleynem onoT : iuhatekiD

s igal maleyneM .retem 2 malade

irad gnarakes onoT naiggnitek apareB : aynatiD

?ria naakumrep

: bawajiD - ( + 01 - )2

- 21

ria naakumrep irad gnarakes onoT naiggnitek idaJ

halada - .m 21

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

roks halmuJ 53

awsis helorepid gnay roks halmuJ

= ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS .


39

1 sulkis isaulave nabawaj icnuK

oN bawjnem hakgnaL S rok latoT

1

2 3

.C°0 hawab id C°2 gnaruilaK id uhuS ; iuhatekiD

.alumes irad C°9 kian uhus ini iraH

aynatiD gnarakes gnaruilaK id uhus apareB :

?gnarakes

: bawajiD - 9 + 2

= 7

.C 7 halada gnarakes gnaruilaK id uhus idaJ

.C 0 hawab id C 53 butuK id uhuS : iuhatekD

.C 7 kian irah gnais adaP

irah gnais adap uhus suisleC tajared apareB : aynatiD

?aratU butuK id

: bawajiD - 7 + 53

= 82

hus idaJ irah gnais adap aratU butuK id u - C 82

irad retem 6 irik hara ek nalajreb okoK : iuhatekiD

,aggnam nohop

,nautas 6 nanak ek hara kilabreb

nohop irad okoK isisop retem apareB : aynatiD

.aggnam

: bawajiD - 6 + 6

0

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

7

7

7

41 naripmaL


49

4

5

sop idaJ halada aggnam nohop irad gnarakes okoK isi

.m 0

2 id uhus obosonoW id irah malam adaP : iuhatekiD

.suislec tajared lon hawab id C

.C 0 kian irah igap adaP

igap adap usus haksuislec tajared apareB : aynatiD

?irah

: bawajiD - 0 + 2

-2

d uhus idaJ irah igap adap obosonoW i - .C 2

57 malades maleynem maleynep gnaroeS ; iuhatekiD

.awaJ tuaL naakumrep hawab id m

. 5 malades igal nurut aI

irad gnarakes maleynep isisop m hakapareB : aynatiD

?tual naakumrep

bawaj iD : - 5 + 57

- m07

op idaJ oP halada tual naakumrep irad gnarakes maleynep isis

- .m 07

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

7

7

roks halmuJ 53

y roks halmuJ awsis helorepid gna

= ialiN 001 X

lamiskam rokS


59

SETERP IALIN RATFAD

oN SIN ialiN .1 9491 75 .2 3691 34 .3 1791 75 .4 2791 06 .5 3791 34 .6 5791 35 .7 6791 47 .8 7791 06 .9 8791 34 .01 9791 16 .11 0891 36 .21 1891 16 .31 2891 06 .41 3891 16 .51 4891 14 .61 5891 34 .71 6891 06 .81 7891 47 .91 8891 75 .02 0991 05 .12 1991 14 .22 5991 34 .32 7991 37 .42 9991 96 .52 0002 33 .62 1002 37 .72 2102 05 .82 7102 34 .92 0112 34 .03 8412 75 .13 1512 63 .23 3512 95 .33 7512 16

atar ialiN - atar 4.35

51 naripmaL


69

D SETSOP IALIN RATFA

oN N SI sulkiSialiN MKK iapacneM I II I sulkiS II sulkiS

.1 9491 96 07 V v

.2 3691 45 95 - -

.3 1791 36 46 V v

.4 2791 67 97 V v

.5 3791 95 46 - v

.6 5791 45 68 - v

.7 6791 08 39 V v

.8 7791 67 18 V v

.9 8791 96 07 V v .01 9791 17 47 V v .11 0891 47 68 V v .21 1891 17 67 V v .31 2891 96 37 V v .41 3891 67 18 V v .51 4891 65 76 - v .61 5891 06 66 V v .71 6891 46 07 V v .81 7891 67 68 V v .91 8891 75 66 - v .02 0991 75 95 - - .12 1991 15 75 - - .22 5991 16 46 V v .32 7991 67 97 V v .42 9991 08 38 V v .52 0002 74 46 - v .62 1002 77 38 V v .72 2102 95 16 - v .82 7102 74 65 - - .92 0112 65 06 - v .03 8412 46 46 V v .13 1512 59 26 - v .23 3512 76 07 V v .33 7512 17 17 V v

r ialiN ata -atar

halmuJ

30,56 30,17 12 92

61 naripmaL


79

rokS natakgnineP udividnI kopmoleK malad

I sulkiS

1 kopmoleK

.oN kudnI romoN atoggnA

rokS D rasa

rokS seT

rokS seT –rokS rasad

nioP

1. 9791 16 17 01 01 .2 5891 34 06 71 01 .3 7791 06 67 61 01 .4 2102 05 95 9 9

halmuJ niop 93 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 57,9

2 kopmoleK

.oN N kudnI romo atoggnA

rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 1991 14 15 01 01

.2 5791 35 45 1 1

.3 3891 16 67 51 01

.4 1102 37 77 4 4


3 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 0891 36 47 11 01

.2 0991 05 75 7 7

.3 5991 44 16 71 01

.4 8791 06 96 62 9

.5 1512 63 95 32 01 halmuJ niop 64 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 2,9

71 naripmaL


89

4 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 1891 16 17 01 01

.2 1791 75 06 3 3

.3 3691 74 45 7 7

.4 2891 06 96 9 9


5 kopmoleK


okS rasaDr

rokS seT


nioP

.1 0112 34 65 31 01

.2 6791 47 08 6 6

.3 2791 06 67 61 01

.4 7512 65 17 51 01 halmuJ niop 63 atar nioP - tar kopmolek a 9

6 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 3512 16 76 6 6

.2 7991 37 67 6 3

.3 7102 34 74 4 4

.4 3791 34 95 61 01



99

7 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 9991 96 08 11 01

.2 6891 06 46 4 4

.3 8412 75 16 4 4

.4 0002 33 74 41 01 halmuJ niop 82 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 7

8 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 8891 75 75 0 0

.2 4891 14 65 51 01

.3 7891 47 67 2 2



001

rokS natakgnineP udividnI kopmoleK II sulkiS

1 kopmoleK

oN N nI romo kud atoggnA

okS r D rasa

rokS seT

seT rokS –rasad rokS

nioP

1 9791 16 47 31 01 .2 5891 34 66 32 01 .3 7791 06 18 12 01 .4 2102 05 16 11 01 niop halmuJ 04 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 01

2 kopmoleK


rokSD rasa

rokSseT

rokS seT –rasad rokS

nioP

.1 1991 14 75 61 01

.2 5791 35 68 33 01

.3 3891 16 18 02 01

.4 1102 37 38 01 01

niop halmuJ 04 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 01

3 kopmoleK

oN N kudnI romo atoggnA

rokS rasaD

rokS seT

seT rokS –rokS rasad

nioP

.1 0891 36 68 32 01

.2 0991 05 95 9 9

.3 5991 44 46 02 01

.4 8791 06 07 01 01

.5 1512 63 26 62 01 niop halmuJ 94 atar nioP - kopmolek atar 8,9

81 naripmaL


101

4 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokSseT


nioP

.1 1891 06 67 61 01

.2 1791 75 46 7 7

.3 3691 34 95 61 01

.4 2891 06 37 31 01


5 kopmoleK

.oN N kudnI romoatoggnA

rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 7102 05 65 6 6

.2 6791 47 18 7 7

.3 2791 95 97 02 01

.4 7512 75 17 41 01


6 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT

rokS T se –kS ro rasad

nioP

.1 3512 95 07 11 01

.2 7991 47 97 5 5

.3 0112 34 06 71 01

.4 3791 06 46 4 4



201

7 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT

rokS seT –rokS d rasa

nioP

1 9991 96 38 41 01 2 6891 06 07 01 01 3 8412 13 46 33 01 4 0002 33 46 13 01 halmuJ niop 04 r nioP ata - kopmolek atar 01

8 kopmoleK


rokS D rasa

rokS seT


nioP

.1 8891 75 66 9 9

.2 4891 44 76 32 01

.3 7891 47 68 21 01



301

rabmeL isavresbO naanaskaleP narajalebmeP I sulkiS

kujnuteP naialineP

halirakgniL .4 uata 3 ,2 ,1 akgna itrA akgna - akgna uti halada iagabes :tukireb

gnaruk = 1 ilakes kiab = 3 gnaruk = 2 tagnas = 4 kiab

ON ITAMAID GNAY KEPSA okS r .1 nakutneneM roks rasad 4 3 2 1

.2 taubmeM napaisrep rajagnem iauses )SKL,PPR ( gnay iretamnaka .nakrajaid

4 3 2 1

.3 naktapmeneM awsis malad kopmolek 4 3 2 1

.4 nakuhatirebmeM naujut narajalebmep 4 3 2 1 5 naksalejneM naka gnay iretam rajalepid i araces tutnur 4 3 2 1 6 nakanaskaleM narajalebmep iauses nagned halet gnay utkaw

nakutnetid 4 3 2 1

7 nakhubmuneM emsaisutna atoggna kopmolek 4 3 2 1 8 nakhubmuneM isapisitrap fitka awsis malad kopmolek

)isavitom( 4 3 2 1

9 nopsereM fitisop apisitrap is awsis 4 3 2 1 01 nasahabmeP amasreb lisah kopmolek 4 3 2 1 11 uatnameM naujamek lisah rajaleb 4 3 2 1 21 nakirebmeM napmu kilab 4 3 2 1 31 nakirebmeM laos set nad rabmel nabawaj 4 3 2 1 41 isawagneM awsis malad nakajregnem set 4 3 2 1 51 akutneneM n roks padahret nabawaj laos set 4 3 2 1 61 habugneM roks idajnem ialin 4 3 2 1 71 taubmeM ratfad ialin 4 3 2 1 81 gnutihgneM roks kopmolek 4 3 2 1 91 taubmeM ratfad roks kopmolek 4 3 2 1 02 nakirebmeM naagrahgnep adapek kopmolek iauses nagned

utnetek na 4 3 2 1

roks halmuJ 36

1102 inuJ 8 ,atrakaygoY tamagneP

hanitrapuS .hT

91 naripmaL


401

rabmeL isavresbO naanaskaleP narajalebmeP II sulkiS

kujnuteP naialineP

halirakgniL .4 uata 3 ,2 ,1 akgna itrA akgna - akgna uti halada iagabes :tukireb

gnaruk = 1 ilakes kiab = 3 gnaruk = 2 tagnas = 4 kiab

ON ITAMAID GNAY KEPSA rokS .1 nakutneneM roks rasad 4 3 2 1

.2 taubmeM napaisrep rajagnem iauses )SKL,PPR ( gnay iretamnaka .nakrajaid

4 3 2 1

.3 naktapmeneM awsis malad kopmolek 4 3 2 1

.4 nakuhatirebmeM naujut narajalebmep 4 3 2 1 5 naksalejneM naka gnay iretam irajalepid araces tutnur 4 3 2 1 6 nakanaskaleM narajalebmep iauses nagned halet gnay utkaw

nakutnetid 4 3 2 1

7 nakhubmuneM sutna emsai atoggna kopmolek 4 3 2 1 8 nakhubmuneM isapisitrap fitka awsis malad kopmolek

)isavitom( 4 3 2 1

9 nopsereM fitisop isapisitrap awsis 4 3 2 1 01 nasahabmeP amasreb lisah kopmolek 4 3 2 1 11 uatnameM naujamek lisah rajaleb 4 3 2 1 21 nakirebmeM u napm kilab 4 3 2 1 31 nakirebmeM laos set nad rabmel nabawaj 4 3 2 1 41 isawagneM awsis malad nakajregnem set 4 3 2 1 51 nakutneneM roks padahret nabawaj laos set 4 3 2 1 61 habugneM roks ajnem ialinid 4 3 2 1 71 taubmeM ratfad ialin 4 3 2 1 81 hgneM gnuti roks kopmolek 4 3 2 1 91 taubmeM ratfad roks kopmolek 4 3 2 1 02 nakirebmeM naagrahgnep adapek kopmolek iauses nagned

nautnetek 4 3 2 1

roks halmuJ 66

31 ,atrakaygoY 1102 inuJ

tamagneP

hanitrapuS .hT

02 naripmaL


501

F NARAJALEBMEP NATAIGEK OTO

kopmoleK isuksiD nataigeK

siluT napaP id isuksiD lisaH naksiluneM

12 naripmaL


601

bawaJ rabmeL nad setsoP laoS nakigabeM uruG

setsoP nakajregneM awasiS


701


801


901



011


111


211


311



411



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