PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN LOS CORREGIMIENTOS DE MEDELLÍN: UN ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO

5/15/2018 PLANTAS MEDICINALES EN LOS CORREGIMIENTOS DE MEDELLÍN: UN ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO - slidepdf.com

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TIKMVKP CGFB@BMKIGP GM IHP

@HZZGNBCBGMVHP FG CGFGIIÃM?

WM KMËIBPBP G@HMÐCB@H Thz? @kzihp Kmfzâp Ukp`h @hzzgk;

@hmvgmbfh

Tzgpgmvk`bðm------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

Gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

@kzk`vgzbk`bðm fg ik Fgckmfk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >

@kzk`vgzbk`bðm fg ik hegzvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >

Cgz`kfh fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >

Tkmhzkck Ngmgzki fgi Cgz`kfh fg K`gbvgp ------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- - <

Zg`hcgmfk`bhmgp gpvwfbh @HZKMVBH[WBK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <

Gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh k mbugi Mk`bhmki ------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------- <

Gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh Cgfgiiãm :4;;? Cgvhfhihnãk ------------------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- ;:

Gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh Cgfgiiãm :4;;? Zgpwivkfhp -------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------- ;6

@hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm- ------------------------------------ ---- ;6

FKVHP PHJZG IKP TIKMVKP -------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- ---- ;<

Tgzebi tzhfw`vbuh fg ihp `wivbukfhzgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ihp `hzzgnbcbgmvhp fgCgfgiiãm- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :7

Ikjhzkvhzbhp Ekzck`âwvb`hp r Mkvwzbpvkp) wmk fgckmfk thvgm`bki r ikvgmvg fg tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ :<

Gpvzw`vwzk fg @hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp? ubkjbibfkf -------------------------------- ---- :<

Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm jkoh bmugzmkfgzhp gm Cgfgiiãm --------------------------------------- :2

Hvzhp `hpvhp ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 05

Gpvbck`bðm fg bmnzgphp --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0>

Gpvzw`vwzk fg ̀ hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm ki kbzg ibjzg gm Cgfgiiãm --------------------- ---------------------- ---------- 0<

Gpvzknðm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02

Cgmvk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02

Kijklk`k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02

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G`hmhcbpvk fg ik Wmbugzpbfkf fg Kmvbh{wbk- Bmugpvbnkfhz fgi NzwthCb`zhg`hmhcãk Ktib`kfk fg ik cbpck Wmbugzpbfkf- Fbzg``bðm gig`vzðmb`k?`kzihpukp`hDnckbi-`hc



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Vhcbiih ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

Zhcgzh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

Hzânkmh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64

Gi cgz`kfh g|vgzmh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp -------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------- 6;

Tgzebi g|thzvkfhz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6;

Iãmgkp gpvzkvânb`kp tkzk ik thvgm`bkibk`bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm - 74

Kthrh bmpvbvw`bhmki --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7:

Ebmkm`bkcbgmvh r @hjgzvwzk fg Zbgpnhp --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- 7:

Bmugpvbnk`bðm) Bmmhuk`bðm r Vzkmpegzgm`bk Vg`mhiðnb`k ------------------- ---------------------- ------------------ 77

Ckmgoh Pkmbvkzbh r Ebvhpkmbvkzbh ---------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ------------------ 75

Fgpkzzhiih fg Cgz`kfhp- ------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------- 7>

Knzh mgnh`bhp --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7>Hthzvwmbfkfgp Zwzkigp --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------- 7>

Wm ̀ kph g|bvhph fg kph`bk`bðm r g|thzvk`bðm? Kphkzhck -------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- 7<

Kmg|hp ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5;

Ibpvkfh fg @hmvk`vhp --------------------- --------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- ---- 5;

@hcgz`bkibkfhzgp ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5;

Tzhfw`vhzgp ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56

Ehzckvhp fg gm`wgpvkp ktib`kfkp ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- ---- 57

Gm`wgpvk tkzk Tzhfw`vhzgp fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57

Gm`wgpvk tkzk Ikjhzkvhzbhp {wg wpkm Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp-------------------------------------------------------------------- 5<

Gm`wgpvk tkzk @hcgz`bkibkfhzgp fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- >;

Jbjibhnzkeãk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >7



0

NZËEB@KP

Nzëeb`h ;- Tzhfw``bðm fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp ,Vhm(Kûh" --------------------------------------------------- 2Nzëeb`h :- Tikkp fhmfg pg `hcgz`bkibkm tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm Cgfgiiãm # Tik`bvk

fg Eiðzg ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------;6Nzëeb`h 0- Tikkp fhmfg pg `hcgz`bkibkm tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm Cgfgiiãm # TikkCbmhzbpvk -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;6Nzëeb`h 6- Mÿcgzh fg twgpvhp gm`hmvzkfhp gm `kfk Tikk -----------------------------------------------;6Nzëeb`h 7- Nâmgzh fg ihp ugmfgfhzgp fg tikmvkp --------------------------------------------------------------- ----;7Nzëeb`h 5- Gfkf fg ihp ̀ hcgz`bkibkfhzgp fg tikmvkp -----------------------------------------------------------;7Nzëeb`h >- Cwmb`btbh fg zgpbfgm`bk fg ihp ugmfgfhzgp --------------------------------------------------------;5Nzëeb`h <- ßivbch mbugi fg gp`hikzbfkf ki`kmkfh thz ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp -----------;5Nzëeb`h 2- Zgptwgpvk fg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp ezgmvg k pb ugmfgm gm hvzhpcgz`kfhp --------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------;5Nzëeb`h ;4- Âth`k fgi kûh gm ik {wg phm cgohzgp ihp bmnzgphp- ---------------------------------------;>

Nzëeb`h ;;- Zgnbpvzh `hmvkjig thz tkzvg fg `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp ---------------------------------------;>Nzëeb`h ;:- Vbthihnãk fg `hctzkfhzgp gm ikp tkikp fg cgz`kfh- ---------------------------------;>Nzëeb`h ;0- @gzvbeb`kfhp fg jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fg ckmwek`vwzk ----------------------------------------;<Nzëeb`h ;6- Ezg`wgm`bk kjphiwvk fg ugmvk fg `kfk wmk fg ikp tikmvkp --------------------------;2Nzëeb`h ;7- Vbthihnãk fg ik tzhfw``bðm fg ikp tikmvkp `hcgz`bkibkfkp- ---------------------:4Nzëeb`h ;5- Hzbngm fg ikp tikmvkp `hcgz`bkibkfkp---------------------------------------------------------------:4Nzëeb`h ;>- Mbugi fg zhvk`bðm fg bmugmvkzbhp- ----------------------------------------------------------- ---------------:;Nzëeb`h ;<- @hmfb`bhmgp fg `hcgz̀ bkibk`bðm fg ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp ------------------:;Nzëeb`h ;2- Uhiwcgm `hcgz`bkibkfh thz pgckmk) gm ibjzkp thz tikmvk ----------------------:0Nzëeb`h :4- Tzg`bh tzhcgfbh fg ik tikmvk ̀ hcgz`bkibkfk --------------------------------------------------:6

Nzëeb`h :;- Vbthihnãk fg ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----:7Nzëeb`h ::- @hmfb`bhmgp fg ugmvk fg ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp tzhfw`bfkp ------------------:5Nzëeb`h :0- Ugmvkp cgmpwkigp tzhcgfbh thz cgp- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----:5Nzëeb`h :6- Tzg`bh tzhcgfbh fg ikp tikmvkp tzhfw`bfkp- ---------------------------------------------------:>Nzëeb`h :7- Tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp jkoh bmugzmkfgzh ----------------------------------------------------------:2Nzëeb`h :5#Gpvzw`vwzk fg ̀ hpvhp fg tzgtkzk`bðm fg pwgihp- ----------------------------------------------04Nzëeb`h :>- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg bmugzpbðm gm ck{wbmkzbk r g{wbth ----------------------0;Nzëeb`h :<- Gpvzw`vwzk fg ̀ hpvhp thz tiëmvwik --------------------------------------------------------- ---------------0;Nzëeb`h :2- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp # Ckmh fg hjzk -------------------------------------------------------------- ----0:Nzëeb`h 04- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp thz bmpwchp- ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------00Nzëeb`h 0;- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg Egzvbibkmvg ;7#;7#;7 gmvzg OWM :445 # PGT :4;; 06

Nzëeb`h 0:- Mbugi fg tzg`bh fg ewmnwb`bfk gmvzg GMG #:4;4 r PGT :4;; ----------------------06Nzëeb`h 00- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg ewmnwb`bfk gmvzg OWI :44< # KNH :4;; ----------------------07Nzëeb`h 06- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg lgzjb`bfk gmvzg EGJ :442#PGT :4;; ---------------------------07Nzëeb`h 07- Gpvzw`vwzk fg ̀ hpvhp thz ckvgzbkigp-------------------------------------------------------------------05Nzëeb`h 05- Gpvzw`vwzk fg ̀ hpvhp # Hvzhp ̀ hpvhp --------------------------------------------------------------------05Nzëeb`h 0>- Tzhfw`vbubfkf) `hpvh fg tzhfw``bðm thz abihnzkch- ------------------------------------0>Nzëeb`h 0<- Gpvzw`vwzk fg bmnzgphp thz `wivbuh- ---------------------------------------------------------------- -----0>Nzëeb`h 02- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg lhzvkibkp) ezgp`kp h zgezbngzkfkp gmvg ;22; r :4;; ------------------------------------------------------6:Nzëeb`h 64- Tkãpgp fgpvbmh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg lhzvkibkp) ezgp`kp h

zgezbngzkfkp- :4;; ------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ----6:Nzëeb`h 6;- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg lhzvkibkp) ezgp`kp hzgezbngzkfkp- ;22; # :4;; ---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------6:

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Nzëeb`h 6:- Tkãpgp fgpvbmh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg kchchp r `kzfkchchp- :4;;60Nzëeb`h 60- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg kchchp r ̀ kzfkchchp gmvg ;22; r :4;; --------------------------------------------------------- ---------------60Nzëeb`h 66- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg kchchp r ̀ kzfkchchp-;22; # :4;; ---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------60

Nzëeb`h 67- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg pgcbiikp fg lbmhoh gmvg ;22; r :4;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66Nzëeb`h 65- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg pgcbiikp fg lbmhoh- ;22; #:4;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66Nzëeb`h 6>- Tkãpgp fgpvbmh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg vhcbiih- :4;; --------------------------------67Nzëeb`h 6<- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg vhcbiih gmvg ;22; r :445 ----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------67Nzëeb`h 62- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg vhcbiih- ;22; # :4;; -------------65Nzëeb`h 74- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg zkã`gp fg nbmnpgmn gmvg ;22; r :4;; --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------6>Nzëeb`h 7;- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg zkã`gp fg nbmnpgmn- ;22; #:4;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6>Nzëeb`h 7:- Tkãpgp fgpvbmh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg hzânkmh- :4;; ------------------------------6<Nzëeb`h 70- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg hzânkmh gmvg ;22; r :4;; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6<Nzëeb`h 76- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg hzânkmh- ;22; # :4;; -----------6<Nzëeb`h 77- Tkãpgp fgpvbmh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp- :4;; -------------------------------------------------------62Nzëeb`h 75- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp"fg tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk ;:;;242444 gmvg ;22; r :4;; ------------------------------------------------------62Nzëeb`h 7>- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk;:;;242444 - ;22; # :4;; -------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------62











7

Tzgpgmvk`bðm

Gi pg`vhz g`hmðcb`h knzhtg`wkzbh {wg pg gmeh`k gm ik tzhfw``bðm)`hcgz`bkibk`bðm r vzkpehzck`bðm fg ikp fgmhcbmkfkp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp vbgmgwm nzkm thvgm`bki fg fgpkzzhiih `hch `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk:- Pbm gcjkznh gpvk

`kzg`g fg `kmvbfkf r `kibfkf gm ik bmehzck`bðm {wg pg ngmgzk gm gi pg`vhz- Gmtkzvg thz{wg pw vkckûh k mbugi ih`ki gp tg{wgûh pb pg `hctkzk `hm hvzhptzhfw`vhp knzã`hikp) tgzh vkcjbâm thz{wg {wbgmgp tzhfw`gm h `hcgz`bkibkm mhukihzkm ikp pgûkigp {wg gi vgmgz wmk bmehzck`bðm gpvkfãpvb`k lbpvðzb`k twgfgtzhuggz gm ik tikmbeb`k`bðm r vhck fg fg`bpbhmgp mh pðih gm `kfk wmbfkf fgmgnh`bh tkzvb`wikz) pbmh vkcjbâm tkzk ikp fbzg`vzb`gp h krwfkp {wg gmvbfkfgpnwjgzmkcgmvkigp twgfkm tzgpvkz- K gpvh pg kûkfg {wg gi `hcgz`bh fg tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp gp `hmpbfgzkfh thz ikp bmpvbvw`bhmgp heb`bkigp `hch wmk k`vbubfkfg`hmðcb`k ckznbmki h cwr tg{wgûk gm `hctkzk`bðm `hm ikp fgcëp) ikbmehzck`bðm fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm mh gp zg`hnbfk) h pg ig tzgpvk th`k h mwikkvgm`bðm-

Gpvg gpvwfbh `hmpbfgzk ik ehzcwik`bðm fg wmkp iãmgkp gpvzkvânb`kp thz cgfbh fgikp `wëigp pgzë thpbjig thvgm`bkibkz gi wph) tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fgikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm) kthrëmfhpg gm ihptzhnzkckp fg bm`gmvbuhp g`hmðcb`hp {wg tzhthz`bhmkm ikp bmpvbvw`bhmgpnwjgzmkcgmvkigp `ðch Pg`zgvkzãk fg Knzb`wivwzk cwmb`btki r fgtkzvkcgmvki) giCbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r Fgpkzzhiih Zwzki r kinwmkp kph`bk`bhmgp `hchKphkzhck {wg pg gmeh`km gm ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp k ihpGpvkfhp Wmbfhp-

Ik bmugpvbnk`bðm fg cgz`kfhp k{wã tzgpgmvkfk) gp wm bmpvzwcgmvh {wg `hm

jkpg k wmk bmehzck`bðm zg`htbikfk fg ewgmvgp tzbckzbkp r pg`wmfkzbkp tgzcbvbzëki ig`vhz `hmh`gz ikp vgmfgm`bkp r `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fgi cgz`kfh fg tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp r kzhcëvb`kp- @hm gpvh pg jwp`k vkcjbâm zgfw`bz ihp mbugigp fgbm`gzvbfwcjzg gm ik vhck fg fg`bpbhmgp) zgik`bhmkfkp `hm ik `hcgz`bkibk`bðm)tzhch`bðm r thpvgzbhz gvktk fg cgz`kfgh fg ihp cÿivbtigp tzhfw`vhp {wg lk`gmtkzvg fg ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk- Gi tikm h gpvzkvgnbk fg cgz`kfgh gp wmk gvktkthpvgzbhz-

Gi `ktãvwih pg fbubfg gm ukzbkp pg``bhmgp fhmfg pg tzgpgmvkm ihp kmvg`gfgmvgpfg gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh zgkibkfhp gm Cgfgiiãm r k mbugi mk`bhmki) ikcgvhfhihnãk gctigkfk tkzk zgkibk`bðm fg wm gpvwfbh zg`bgmvg kpã `hch tkzktzh`gpkz ihp zgpwivkfhp1 wm gpvwfbh fg ubkjbibfkf gm `hpvhp tkzk `wivbuhp jkohbmugzmkfgzh r `bgih kjbgzvh gm Cgfgiiãm r wm ktkzvkfh fgi pg`vhz g|vgzmh fg ik`kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r kzhcëvb`kp `hch wmk kivgzmkvbukezgmvg ki cgz`kfh mk`bhmki) pg tzhthmgm ikp iãmgkp gpvzkvânb`kp tkzkthvgm`bkibkz gi wph fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) gi kthrh bmpvbvw`bhmki {wg twgfgmgm`hmvzkz ihp tzhfw`vhzgp gm ihp `hzzgnbcbgmvhp) kpã `hch ik g|thpb`bðm fg wm`kph g|bvhph fg kph`bk`bðm-

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Gmvbâmfkpg ’`kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk– ̀ hch gpg ̀ hmowmvh fg gvktkp fg tzhfw``bðm {wgvbgmg wmk tikmvk cgfb`bmki- Fgpfg {wg gp pgcjzkfk) lkpvk {wg tkpk thz kinÿm vbthfg vzkpehzck`bðm) tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm-



5

Gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh gm ik `bwfkf fg CgfgiiãmGm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm `hch gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh gm gi pg`vhz fg tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp pg vbgmg `hch tzg`gfgmvg gi zgkibkfh thz @HZKMVBH[WBK gm gikûh :445 ’Bmugpvbnk`bðm fg cgz`kfh tkzk k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp) tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp r tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm owzbpfb``bðm fg @HZKMVBH[WBK–

,Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h) :445"- Fb`lh gpvwfbh vbgmg `hch twmvh fg tkzvbfk ikpugmvkokp `hctkzkvbukp `hm ikp {wg `wgmvk gi tkãp) gm ih {wg zgptg`vk kjbhfbugzpbfkf) chpvzkmfh ikp `kwpkp fgi th`h fgpkzzhiih fg gpvg pg`vhz) wmk fggiikp gp {wg mh pg lkm zgkibkfh gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh {wg bfgmvbeb{wgmhthzvwmbfkfgp fg mgnh`bhp `hm`zgvhp tkzk fgpkzzhiikz tzhrg`vhp tzhfw`vbuhp fgktzhug`lkcbgmvh phpvgmbjig r zgmvkjig fg ik jbhfbugzpbfkf-

Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h `kzk`vgzbk ik hegzvk r fgckmfk fg k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp fg ikbmfwpvzbk ekzck`âwvb`k) fg tgzewcgzãk) fg pkjhzbkmvgp r kzhckvgzktbk)bfgmvbeb`kmfh ihp k`vhzgp ih`kigp) vkigp `hch gctzgpkp r tgzphmkp mkvwzkigpbmuhiw`zkfkp gm ik tzhfw``bðm) bcthzvk`bðm) g|thzvk`bðm) ckmwek`vwzk r

`hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg gpvhp tzhfw`vhp- Kfgcëp) kûkfg vgmfgm`bkp r`kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fg ik tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp `hmgi ebm fg chpvzkz wm tkmhzkck ngmgzki fgi cgz`kfh-

@hch cgvhfhihnãk tkzk iigukz k `kjh gi gpvwfbh) Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h wvbibð `hchewgmvgp gctzgpkp fg ik bmfwpvzbk ekzck`âwvb`k) tgzewcgzãk) pkjhzbkmvgp rkzhckvgzktbk) kpã `hch ihp bmvgzcgfbkzbhp r hegzgmvgp- Vkcjbâm vhcð `hchewgmvg bmehzck`bðm pg`wmfkzbk ik jbjibhnzkeãk fg hvzkp bmpvbvw`bhmgp) tgzh {wg mh`hmvgmãkm bmehzck`bðm phjzg gi cgz`kfh ih`ki-

K ckmgzk fg bmpvzwcgmvhp fg kmëibpbp r zg`hig``bðm Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h wvbibð

k{wgiikp gctzgpkp {wg tgzvgmg`gm k ik thjik`bðm hjogvbuh) vhckmfh `hchwmbugzph vhfkp ikp {wg ktkzg`ãkm gm ikp tënbmkp kckzbiikp- Wmk tzbcgzkgm`wgpvk ewg fbzbnbfk k ihp bmvgzcgfbkzbhp fg ikp tzbm`btkigp tikkp fhmfg pg`hcgz`bkibkm ihp tzhfw`vhp) r wmk pgnwmfk gm`wgpvk fbzbnbfk k gctzgpkp {wg`hcgz`bkibkm r tzhfw`gm k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp- @hch ewgmvgp pg`wmfkzbkpk`wfbð k Tzhg|thzv tkzk hjvgmgz bmehzck`bðm fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp gbcthzvk`bhmgp-

Gm gi gpvwfbh pg vhcð `hch jkpg gi lg`lh fg {wg fgjgm fbegzgm`bkzpg ikptikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp fg ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp- Ikp tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp thz wmikfh phm k{wgiikp {wg vbgmgm lhokp r eihzgp `hm tzbm`btbhp kzhcëvb`hp r uhiëvbigp

{wg twgfgm tgz`bjbzpg eë`bicgmvg thz gi hiekvh h gi nwpvh) kfgcëp phm`kickmvgp r thpggm wm geg`vh ibctbkfhz vðmb`h- Ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp thz pwtkzvg pgzãkm k{wgiikp {wg vbgmgm tzhtbgfkfgp `wzkvbukp gm kinwmk fg pwp tkzvgp,lhokp) eihzgp) pgcbiikp) zkã`gp) vkiihp) gv`-" r pbzugm tkzk `kickz) `hcjkvbz gbmìwph `wzkz gmegzcgfkfgp-



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@kzk`vgzbk`bðm fg ik Fgckmfk

Ewgzhm `hmvk`vkfkp :6 gctzgpkp zgik`bhmkfkp `hm k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp) tikmvkpkzhcëvb`kp r cgfb`bmkigp- Pg ktib`ð wmk gm`wgpvk `hm gi hjogvbuh fg `hmh`gz

fg ckmgzk ngmgzki kinwmhp kptg`vhp kfcbmbpvzkvbuhp r vâ`mb`hp fg ikpgctzgpkp bfgmvbeb`kfkp- Pðih :: fg ikp :6 zgpthmfbgzhm ik gm`wgpvk hjvgmbgmfhihp pbnwbgmvgp zgpwivkfhp-

@hm zgptg`vh k ihp k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp) gi cëp ktgvg`bfh gp ik mkzkmok) pgnwbfhfgi ibcðm) ik `kmgik) ik ckmfkzbmk) lbgzjkjwgmk r ibchm`biih) ukbmbiik gw`kibtvh)`bfzðm okcãm- Gpvkp gpgm`bkp phm `hctzkfkp tkzk ik gikjhzk`bðm fgkzhcëvb`kp) k`gbvgp) g|vzk`vhp) bmnzgfbgmvgp gm thiuh) cgfb`kcgmvhp rtgzewcgp-

Ikp tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp cëp fgckmfkfkp ewgzhm ik kijklk`k) `kmgik)`kzfkchch) ìkuh) gw`kibtvh) ibcðm) ibchm`biih) ckmfkzbmk) cgmvk) mkzkmok)zhcgzh r vâ-

Thz pw tkzvg ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp cëp fgckmfkfkp ewgzhm ik `kiâmfwik) ikukigzbkmk) r ik ki`k`lhek- Gm cgmhz tzhthz`bðm gi kmãp) kzvgcbpk) jhifh) `kpvkûhfg bmfbkp) `hik fg `kjkiih) fbgmvg fg igðm) nwkikmfkr) lbmhoh) ibchm`biih) hzvbnk)thigh) zhcgzh) pëjbik) pkw`h r lbgzjkjwgmk- Ihp tzhfw`vhp gm ngmgzki gpvëmfbzbnbfhp ki cgz`kfh fg mkvwzbpvkp) `hmpwcbfhzgp ebmkigp) g|hvâzb`hp g bmfwpvzbkpfg `hpcâvb`hp-

@kzk`vgzbk`bðm fg ik hegzvk

Gm gpvk `kzk`vgzbk`bðm pg bfgmvbeb`kzhm ihp gpikjhmgp fg ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk-Pg bmfknð k`gz`k fg ikp gctzgpkp {wg `hcgz`bkibkm k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp)`wivbukfhzgp fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp r cgfb`bmkigp r ihp bmvgzcgfbkzbhp) `hm ihp`wkigp pg hjvwuh ik pbnwbgmvg bmehzck`bðm?

Bmvgzcgfbkzbhp cbmhzbpvkp Pg zgkibð wmk gm`wgpvk k ugmfgfhzgp fg ik tik`bvk fg Eiðzg) bmfknkmfh thz gicwmb`btbh fg hzbngm fg ihp tzhuggfhzgp) gi mhcjzg fg ikp tikmvkp cëpugmfbfkp) ik ehzck fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm pb gzk gm ezgph h pg`h) r `wëigp gzkm ihptzbm`btkigp ìbgmvgp ,pb `hmpwcbfhzgp ebmkigp) vbgmfkp ugngvkzbkmkp h gctzgpkp"-

Cgz`kfh fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp

Pgnÿm gi wph ebmki fg ik tikmvk) pg bfgmvbeb`kzhm vzgp cgz`kfhp thvgm`bkigp k ihp{wg twgfg fbzbnbzpg gi tzhfw`vh? gi cgz`kfh ezgp`h) gi fgplbfzkvkfh h pg`h) r gicgz`kfh fg g|vzk`vhp h k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp-

Zgptg`vh fgi cgz`kfh ezgp`h ikp tzbm`btkigp ukzbkjigp {wg bm`bfgm gm gi `hpvhphm ik ktkzbgm`bk `hpcâvb`k fg ik tikmvk r ik ihkmãk h ezgp`wzk fgi tzhfw`vh- Gitzhfw`vh fgjg vgmgz ikznk ubfk) ih {wg bctib`k wmkp `hmfb`bhmgp ðtvbckp fg`hmpgzuk`bðm ,ibjzg fg lwcgfkf) {wg k`gigzk pw fgp`hcthpb`bðm"- Ikktkzbgm`bk fg ik tikmvk) gp fg`bz pw `hihz) fgjg gpvkz `hctigcgmvkfh thz

kwpgm`bk fg fkûhp thz bmpg`vhp h gmegzcgfkfgp- Pw vzkpthzvg fgjg zgkibkzpggm gctk{wgp {wg `hmpgzugm ik ezgp`wzk-



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Gm gi cgz`kfh fgplbfzkvkfh thz pw tkzvg) ik ktkzbgm`bk mh gp vkm zãnbfk `hchgm gi `kph kmvgzbhz) tgzh gi tzhfw`vh fgjg gpvkz ibctbh r pw `kibfkfcb`zhjbhiðnb`k gp ewmfkcgmvki-

Gm `wkmvh ki cgz`kfh fg g|vzk`vhp) gpgm`bkp w highzzgpbmkp ik ktkzbgm`bk eãpb`k

mh gp fg vhvki zgigukm`bk tgzh pb gp zg{wgzbfh {wg ik tikmvk `hmvgmnk kivhptzbm`btbhp k`vbuhp) twgp pw zgmfbcbgmvh fg tzhfw``bðm fkzë ik jkpg tkzk gi`hpvh ebmki- Thz ih ngmgzki pg zg{wbgzg nzkm uhiwcgm fg ik tikmvk tkzk tzh`gpkzth`kp `kmvbfkfgp fg g|vzk`vh-

Tkmhzkck Ngmgzki fgi Cgz`kfh fg K`gbvgp

Gi cgz`kfh gp `zg`bgmvg fgjbfh k ih ktgvg`bfh fg ihp hihzgp r pkjhzgp thz tkzvgfgi `hmpwcbfhz ebmki- Phm tzhfw v̀hp fgckmfkfhp thz fbegzgmvgp mb`lhp fgcgz`kfh? ik bmfwpvzbk `hpcâvb`k ,tgzewcgp r kzhckvbkmvgp") ik bmfwpvzbk fgkibcgmvhp ,`hmfbcgmvhp r pkjhzbkmvgp") r ik bmfwpvzbk ekzck`âwvb`k ,`hchpkjhzbkmvgp"- Phjzgpkigm gmvzg ikp vzgp) ik tgzewcgzãk r ihp kibcgmvhp) fgokmfh

gm wm pgnwmfh tikmh ik ekzck`âwvb`k-

Ik zkðm thz ik {wg tkpk k wm pgnwmfh tikmh vbgmg {wg ugz `hm {wg gi cgz`kfhfg k`gbvgp vbgmg wmk zgûbfk `hctgvgm`bk `hm ihp pbmvâvb`hp) thz gi vgck fg`hpvhp r gpvkmfkzbk`bðm- Ihp `hpvhp fg k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp mkvwzkigp fbpvkm gmfgckpãk `hm gi pbmvâvb`h- Ihp g|vzk`vhp mkvwzkigp zg{wbgzgm fg nzkm `kmvbfkf fgckvgzbkp tzbckp tkzk ik g|vzk``bðm- Gp cw`lh cëp pgm`biih mhzckibkz hihz)`hihz r tzhtbgfkfgp {wãcb`kp pb pg `hctkzk wm k`gbvg pbmvâvb`h fg wmh mkvwzki-

Zg`hcgmfk`bhmgp gpvwfbh @HZKMVBH[WBK

@hch zg`hcgmfk`bhmgp fg Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h ,:445" gi gpvwfbh kzzhoð {wg ikptikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r kzhcëvb`kp fgjgm vgmgz `hch twmvh hjogvbuh gm gilhzbhmvg gi knzgnkz ukihz- Pg fgjg `hmpbfgzkz gi zgkibkz wm tzh`gph fgfgplbfzkvkfh) `hm ih {wg pg fbpcbmwrgm hpvgmpbjigcgmvg ihp `hpvhp fgvzkmpthzvg- Kfgcëp ihp tg{wgûhp `wivbukfhzgp h tzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp fgbnwki gptg`bg) r {wg pg gm`wgmvzgm nghnzëeb`kcgmvg zgikvbukcgmvg `gz`k)fgjgm kph`bkzpg `hm gi hjogvbuh fg pgz cëp `hctgvbvbuhp cgfbkmvg ik ebok`bðmfg tzg`bhp gm ihp tzh`gphp fg mgnh`bk`bðm r gi ckmgoh fg kivhp uhiÿcgmgp gmik ̀ hcgz`bkibk`bðm-

Pg fgjg gpvwfbkz ik ek`vbjbibfkf fg `wivbukz gptg`bgp bcthzvkfkp `hch ikki`k`lhek) `ëp`kzk pknzkfk r `kpvkûh fg bmfbkp- Kpã `hch tzhfw`bz gm ehzcktikmbeb`kfk0) fg vki ehzck {wg pg pkvbpeknkm ikp g|bngm`bkp r zg{wgzbcbgmvhp gm`wkmvh k `kibfkf r `kmvbfkf fg ikp fbegzgmvgp bmfwpvzbkp-

Gpvwfbhp fg cgz`kfh k mbugi Mk`bhmki

K mbugi mk`bhmki pg lkm zgkibkfh ukzbhp gpvwfbhp zgptg`vh fgi cgz`kfh fgtikmvkp- Gm gpvg `ktãvwih zgik`bhmkzgchp ihp cëp bcthzvkmvgp `hch phm gi fg’@kzk`vgzbk`bðm fgi cgz`kfh `hihcjbkmh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r kzhcëvb`kp –zgkibkfh gm gi kûh :440 thz gi bmpvbvwvh Kig|kmfgz uhm Lwcjhifv ,Fãk) :440"-Ik ’@kzk`vgzbk`bðm r Gukiwk`bðm fg ik `kfgmk fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp)

cgfb`bmkigp) `hmfbcgmvkzbkp) k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp r kebmgp gm @hihcjbk –

0 Tzhfw``bðm tikmbeb`kfk {wg tgzcbvgm ihp bmugzmkfgzhp



2

zgkibkfh gm gi kûh :44< thz ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk ,WmbugzpbfkfMk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk) :44<") kpã `hch zg`bgmvgcgmvg gi BU @hmnzgph fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp zgkibkfh gm :4;4 gm ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki pgfg Tkicbzk ,@hzthzk`bðm JBH@HCGZ@BH Phpvgmbjig) :4;4"-

Kpã `hch gi gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh zgkibkfh gm @HZKMVBH[WBK) gi gpvwfbh fgcgz`kfh fg ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki tkzvg fg wmk ìkpbeb`k`bðm fg ikp tikmvkpfg k`wgzfh k pwp wphp- G|bpvgm fhp nzkmfgp wphp tkzk zgkibkz gi kmëibpbp? Gmtzbcgz iwnkz tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp fg wph `wibmkzbh tkzk `hmpwch ezgp`hewmfkcgmvkicgmvg thz tkzvg fg ihp lhnkzgp r zgpvkwzkmvgp1 r gm pgnwmfh iwnkz)tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp fg wph bmfwpvzbki `hch pkjhzbkmvgp) `hihzkmvgp)ekzck`âwvb`hp) `hpcâvb`hp) tgzewcgp r tiknwb`bfkp-

Fg k`wgzfh k ik ÿivbck gm`wgpvk mk`bhmki knzhtg`wkzbk) zgkibkfk gm :445)`kvgnhzbkmfh thz mbugi fg tzhfw``bðm) gi 2:' fg ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp pg `hm`gmvzk gm < gptg`bgp? thigh) vhcbiih) ckmkmbiik) kijklk`k)

ckekek) hzânkmh) tbcbgmvk r pkiubk-Nzëeb`h ;- Tzhfw``bðm fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp ,Vhm(Kûh"

Ewgmvg? ,Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk) :44<"

Vzgp nzkmfgp pg`vhzgp pg bfgmvbeb`kzhm gm gi gpvwfbh fg ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmkigm :445 {wg `hcthmgm gi cgz`kfh- Wm pg`vhz tzbckzbh {wg pg pwjfbubfg gmwm pg`vhz fg nzkm gp`kik) fg vbth `hcgz`bki r vg`mbeb`kfh) fhmfg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp

vbgmgm `ktbvki tkzk wvbibkz pbpvgckp fg zbgnh) bmugzmkfgzhp r pgcbiikpgptg`bkibkfkp kpã `hch tzh`gphp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fbzbnbfhp k ihp pg`vhzgp



;4

cgz`kmvbi g bmfwpvzbki1 r thz hvzh ikfh wm pg`vhz tzbckzbh fg ãmfhig vzkfb`bhmki)`gmvzkfh gm cbmbewmfbhp r cb`zhewmfbhp6) fg vbth zg`hig`vhz ubm`wikfh kcgz`kfhp ih`kigp r lhnkzgp-

Wm pgnwmfh `hcthmgmvg? gi pg`vhz bmfwpvzbki `hctwgpvh thz ik bmfwpvzbk fg

`hmfbcgmvhp) ik ekzck`âwvb`k r ik fg kibcgmvhp- Ikp ckvgzbkp tzbckp thz ihngmgzki phm `hctzkfkp ki pg`vhz tzbckzbh tgzh fg nzkm gp`kik) pbm vgmgz gm`wgmvk ki hvzh `hcthmgmvg fgi pg`vhz tzbckzbh) gi pg`vhz vzkfb`bhmki-

R `hch vgz`gz `hcthmgmvg pg`vhzbki) wm pg`vhz `hcgz`bki {wg pg pwjfbubfg gmfhp? wm `kmki chfgzmh {wg gctigk kick`gmgp fg `kfgmk) pwtgzcgz`kfhp r`hcgz`bkibkfhzkp {wg g|thzvkm1 r wm pgnwmfh pg`vhz `hcgz`bki vzkfb`bhmki)`gmvzkfh gm tikkp fg cgz`kfh r vbgmfkp fg jkzzbh-

Fg k`wgzfh k ihp `hcthmgmvgp pg`vhzbkigp) pg gpvzw`vwzk wm gp{wgcktzhfw`vbuh fg ik `kfgmk fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp {wg pg fbubfg gm fhp? Wm pg`vhz`hm wm gp{wgck fg tzhfw``bðm vzkpehzck`bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm k ikukmnwkzfbk- [wg gctigk pgcbiikp) tiëmvwikp) pbpvgckp fg zbgnh) ckmh fg hjzk`kibeb`kfk) {wg wpk ck{wbmkzbk r lgzzkcbgmvkp {wg zg{wbgzgm fg nzkmfgpbmugzpbhmgp fg `ktbvki- [wg gm pw tzh`gph fg vzkpehzck`bðm wpk `wkzvhp ezãhp)bmugzmkfgzhp- Fhmfg pw tzh`gph fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm gp tzbm`btkicgmvgg|thzvk`bhmgp ki cgz`kfh fg ihp Gpvkfhp Wmbfhp- Tgzh vkcjbâm wm pg`vhzvzkfb`bhmki? fhmfg ik gvktk fg tzhfw``bðm pg iiguk k `kjh `hm ckmh fg hjzkmh `kibeb`kfk) cãmbch wph fg knwk h bmpwchp) gm cb`zhewmfbhp r `hm `ktbvkizgfw`bfh h bmg|bpvgmvg- Pw tzh`gph fg vzkpehzck`bðm gp th`h h mwih1 pwpugmvkp pg fbzbngm k `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp tg{wgûhp gm ikp tikkp fg cgz`kfh-

Wmk gm`wgpvk ktib`kfk gm gi fgtkzvkcgmvh fg @wmfbmkckz`k `hmpvzwrð wmtgzebi fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r `hmfbcgmvkzbkp? pðih gi ;;'fg ikp lg`vëzgkp fg ik ebm`k gp fgpvbmkfh k ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkpkzhcëvb`kp1 gm pw ckrhzãk ikp ebm`kp gpvëm ki `wbfkfh fg ikp cwogzgp fg ikekcbibk1 ik cbvkf fg ikp ebm`kp fgfb`km gmvzg :444 r 6444 c: ki `wivbuh fgtikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp- Gi 7>' fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp vbgmg fg gmvzg 64 k 77 kûhp- Pwmbugi fg gfw`k`bðm bmfb`k {wg gi ::' `wzpð lkpvk tzbckzbk) 66' pg`wmfkzbk)06' gp vâ`mb`h h tzhegpbhmki1 gi <4' fg ihp `wivbukfhzgp ih lk`g gm vgzzgmhptzhtbhp) ;5' wpk tzgfbhp gm kzzgmfh1 gi 2<' fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp mh zg`wzzg ki`zâfbvh r pðih kinwmhp lkm zg`bjbfh kthrh vâ`mb`h1 ikp ebm`kp fbpthmgm fg knwk)tgzh cwr th`hp vbgmgm g{wbthp fg zbgnh-

Gm `hmìwpbðm) pg vzkvk fg wmk knzb`wivwzk ekcbibkz) fg tg{wgûk gp`kik- Thz`hmpbnwbgmvg fg jkok `ktk`bfkf fg ngmgzk`bðm fg bmnzgphp-

Zgpwivkfhp pbcbikzgp pg hjvwubgzhm fg wmk gm`wgpvk zgkibkfk thz gi bmpvbvwvhKig|kmfgz uhm Lwcjhifv gmvzg gi kûh :44: r :440- Gpvwfbh {wg pg `gmvzð gmgm`wgpvkz ihp tzhfw`vhzgp knzã`hikp {wg vgmãkm `hch fgpvbmh fg pw tzhfw``bðmikjhzkvhzbhp mkvwzbpvkp-

Ik gm`wgpvk ktib`kfk gm gi gpvwfbh fgp`zbvh) pg ktib`ð k :> ikjhzkvhzbhp) ih `wkitgzcbvbð `wkmvbeb`kz wmk fgckmfk fg ;50 vhm kmwkigp gm gpvkfh ezgp`h htwiugzbkfh) tzbm`btkicgmvg fg gptg`bgp `hch ckmkmbiik) ki`k`lhek r

6 Gp fg`bz tzgfbhp tg{wgûhp h cwr tg{wgûhp fg k`wgzfh k pw ëzgk fg `wivbuh-



;;

ukigzbkmk- Gi `hmpwch tzhcgfbh gpvkjig`bfh thz ikjhzkvhzbh ewg fg 5 vhm) r gpvhewg ukihzkfh gm ;: cbiihmgp fg tgphp kûh thz ikjhzkvhzbh-

Ihp kwvhzgp `hmìwrgm {wg mh g|bpvg wm `hcgz`bh bmvgzzgnbhmki fg tikmvkp) rk{wg vhfhp phm ih`kigp r ezkncgmvkfhp) kfgcëp ik tzhfw``bðm fg ihp

ikjhzkvhzbhp tzhubgmg tzbm`btkicgmvg fg zg`hig`vhzgp) tkvbhp r phikzgp) pbgmfhihp `wivbuhp wmk jkok tzhthz`bðm- Gm `wkmvh k ugmvkp fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp pggm`hmvzð {wg pg `hcgz`bkibkm gm ngmgzki gm kvkfhp r gm zkckp) fgpvbmëmfhpggi `hmpwch tzbm`btkicgmvg k ihp lhnkzgp r mh k ihp ikjhzkvhzbhp h gctzgpkp fgipg`vhz kibcgmvb`bh-

Ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk pgfg Tkicbzk) iiguð k `kjh gmPgtvbgcjzg fg :4;4 gi ’BU @hmnzgph Bmvgzmk`bhmki fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp)Kzhcëvb`kp) r @hmfbcgmvkzbkp `hm Âmekpbp gm `hpcâvb`k mkvwzki –- Ukzbhp

g|thpbvhzgp tzgpgmvkzhm pwp kznwcgmvhp zgptg`vh k `wëigp phm ikp ehzvkigkp rfgjbibfkfgp fg ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk- K `hmvbmwk`bðm pg tzgpgmvkm ihp twmvhp

cëp bcthzvkmvgp gm ih {wg zgptg`vk ki cgz`kfh-Gi fbknmðpvb`h `gmvzki bmfb`k {wg gm @hihcjbk) mh lkr wmk bmfwpvzbkfgpkzzhiikfk fg bmnzgfbgmvgp mkvwzkigp tkzk ik bmfwpvzbk ekzck`âwvb`k h`hpcâvb`k- Fgmvzh fg ihp ek`vhzgp fbknmhpvb`kfhp `hch bm`bfgmvgp tkzk {wg pgtzgpgmvg gpvk pbvwk`bðm gpvëm? ik mh ìkzbfkf phjzg ihp bmnzgfbgmvgp `hmthvgm`bki gm gi cgz`kfh1 mh zgtzgpgmvk`bðm thiãvb`k fg gctzgpkp r tzhfw`vhzgpfg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp1 jkok tzhfw``bðm tkzk `wctibz `hm ihp tgfbfhpbmvgzmk`bhmkigp1 ekivk fg bmugzpbðm gm ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk r ik mh tgzvbmgm`bkfg ik bmugpvbnk`bðm `hmpbfgzkmfh ikp mg`gpbfkfgp fgi pg`vhz-

Gpvh tgzcbvbð chpvzkz gi fgp`hmh`bcbgmvh phjzg ihp cgz`kfhp) twgpvh {wg mhpg lkm tikmvgkfh gpvzkvgnbkp ìkzkp fg jÿp{wgfk fg hthzvwmbfkfgp) gi tkãp`wgmvk `hm th`kp gctzgpkp r pg kfubgzvg ik ekivk fg kph`bkvbubfkf gm ihptzhfw`vhzgp) gubfgm`bëmfhpg ik `kzgm`bk fg `kfgmkp fg ktzhubpbhmkcbgmvhhznkmbkfkp- Gm zgpwcgm) mh g|bpvg gm @hihcjbk ik vg`mhihnãk r ik g|tgzbgm`bktkzk gi fgpkzzhiih fg bmnzgfbgmvgp fg kivk `kibfkf) `hch ihp {wg g|bngm ikbmfwpvzbk ekzck`âwvb`k r `hpcâvb`k) fhmfg wm gzzhz gm gi fbpgûh vzkg `hmpbnhgmhzcgp zbgpnhp gm ik pkiwf lwckmk ,@hzthzk`bðm JBH@HCGZ@BH Phpvgmbjig):4;4"-

Ik ubpbðm fgi Cbmbpvgzbh fg @hcgz`bh G|vgzbhz gp `hmvzkzbk k ik fg ihp nzgcbhp-@hihcjbk tkzvb`btk `hm wm 7' fgi `hcgz`bh cwmfbki fg tzhfw`vhp lgzjkzbhp- Wmibfgzknh gm ik tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg < gptg`bgp mkvbukpzg`hmh`bfkp thz pwp tzhtbgfkfgp vgzktâwvb`kp r cgfb`bmkigp- Gm `hmowmvh ihptzhfw`vhp fg ik `kfgmk fg tikmvkp phm gi `wkzvh zgmniðm fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgpmh vzkfb`bhmkigp fgi tkãp- @hm wmk `whvk fgi 7' fgi cgz`kfh Gwzhtgh) r gitzbcgz g|thzvkfhz fg tzhfw`vhp lgzjkzbhp fg Kcâzb`k Ikvbmk r gi @kzbjg,Cbmbpvgzbh fg @hcgz`bh G|vgzbhz) :4;4"-

Fgpfg gi twmvh fg ubpvk nwjgzmkcgmvki) g|bpvg wmk ugmvkok `hctkzkvbuk {wggpvkchp ktzhug`lkmfh- Gpvh gp ik kzvb`wik`bðm fgi `hmh`bcbgmvh vzkfb`bhmki fgikp `hcwmbfkfgp bmfãngmkp) kezh`hihcjbkmkp r `kctgpbmkp) `hm ikp`ktk`bfkfgp fg bmugpvbnk`bðm r fgpkzzhiih vg`mhiðnb`h `hm ikp {wg `wgmvk gi

tkãp `hm gi hjogvbuh fg fgpkzzhiikz fg ckmgzk phpvgmbjig fg tzhfw`vhp fg kivhukihz knzgnkfh) zg`hmh`bfkp thz pw tzg`bh r `kibfkf- @kjg tzgnwmvkzpg



;:

gmvhm`gp {wbgmgp pg gpvëm ktzhug`lkmfh fg gpvk ugmvkok `hctkzkvbuk) rk {wgtkzk cw`lhp `kctgpbmhp gpvh mh pg vzkfw`g gm wm bmnzgph tkzk pwp ekcbibkp-

@hch tzbm`btkigp tzhjigckp gm`hmvzkfhp gmvzg ihp gpikjhmgp r gm ih {wgzgptg`vk ki Gpvkfh `hihcjbkmh pg bfgmvbeb`kzhm wmk fgpkzvb`wik`bðm fg ik

`kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk) r wmk ekivk fg mhzckvbubfkf ìkzk) `hlgzgmvg r k`vwkibkfkgm vhzmh ki pg`vhz fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) kzhcëvb`kp r k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp-@wkmfh pg lkjik fg wmk fgpkzvb`wik`bðm fg ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk pg lk`gzgegzgm`bk k ik ekivk fg wmk zgtzgpgmvkvbubfkf nzgcbki h gp{wgck fgkph`bk`bðm- Tzbm`btkicgmvg ekivk kph`bk`bðm g bmvgnzk`bðm gmvzg ihp gpikjhmgp fgtzhfw``bðm) vzkpehzck`bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm) twgpvh {wg tzbck gi bmvgzâptkzvb`wikz phjzg gi ngmgzki- Zgptg`vh fg ik mhzckvbubfkf) pg bfgmvbeb`ð wmkibcbvk`bðm gm ihp ibpvkfhp BMUBCK) gm fhmfg ihp zgnbpvzhp phm wm tzh`gph ikznh)fbptgmfbhph r `hpvhph- Fg gpvg bmpvbvwvh fhmfg pg hjvbgmg gi zgnbpvzh pkmbvkzbh) rpg `hmpvbvwrg gm wmk jkzzgzk bm{wgjzkmvkjig tkzk tkpkz fg ik bmehzckibfkf k ikehzckibfkf) pg bfgmvbeb`ð {wg g|bpvg wmk kwpgm`bk fg wmk pg``bðm gptg`bkibkfk

gm gi BMUBCK) {wg vwubgzk gi tgzphmki bfðmgh r gi ëmbch ek`bibvkfhz- ,Cbmbpvgzbhfg @hcgz`bh G|vgzbhz) :4;4"

Gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh Cgfgiiãm :4;;? CgvhfhihnãkGi ÿivbch gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh gm`hmvzkfh tkzk tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp)`hmfbcgmvkzbkp r kzhcëvb`kp tkzk Cgfgiiãm) ewg zgkibkfh gm gi kûh :44>) gi`wki pg `hm`gmvzð gm gi pg`vhz vzkmpehzckfhz r fgckmfk pw k`vwkibk`bðm iwgnhfg `wkvzh kûhp fg pw zgkibk`bðm- Gm gpvk bmugpvbnk`bðm pg tzgpgmvk wm gpvwfbhfg cgz`kfh {wg kjkz`k vhfhp ihp pg`vhzgp fg ik `kfgmk tzhfw`vbuk k mbugiih`ki-

Gi gpvwfbh zg`hnbð fkvhp phjzg gi cgz`kfh r ik bmezkgpvzw`vwzk knzhbmfwpvzbki fgik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm- @hm gpvh pg gikjhzð wm gpvwfbh tkzk `kzk`vgzbkz ikfgckmfk) hegzvk) pbpvgck fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm) vgmfgm`bkp r ehzck`bðm fg ihptzg`bhp-

Zgptg`vh fg ik fgckmfk pg jwp`ð gpvkjig`gz ikp `hmfb`bhmgp cãmbckp fguhiwcgm) `kibfkf r eg`lkp fg ugmvkp {wg nkzkmvbkzkm wm cgohz tzg`bh- Gm gpvkpg``bðm pg bfgmvbeb`ð {wg gm gpvg cgz`kfh ik hegzvk gp fg tg{wgûkp `kmvbfkfgp)wmbfh k wmk lgvgzhngmgbfkf gm ik tzhfw``bðm) ih {wg `hmfw`g k jkohp tzg`bhp-Vkcjbâm pg `kzk`vgzbð gi tzh`gph fg tzgpgmvk`bðm) gpvh gp ikp fbpvbmvkp

`kibfkfgp fgckmfkfkp) ik lhchngmgbfkf thz ukzbgfkf) tkzvgp fg tikmvk)lwcgfkf) ehzckp fg gctk{wg- Pg bmugpvbnð phjzg cgz`kfhp thvgm`bkigp)bfgmvbeb`kmfh ik thpbjbibfkf fg iigukz ihp tzhfw`vhp k cgz`kfhp cëp igokmhp-Gikjhzkchp wmk bfgmvbeb`k`bðm fg ihp fgckmfkmvgp) jwp`kmfh `hctigvkz wmkibpvk fg tzbm`btkigp gctzgpkp) `hhtgzkvbukp) `gmvzhp fg kjkpvg`bcbgmvh) egzbkp rehzckp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fbzg`vk fg ik tzhfw``bðm-

Zgkibkchp wm kmëibpbp fg tzg`bhp `hch `hcthmgmvg ewmfkcgmvki tkzk ikgikjhzk`bðm fg wm kmëibpbp ebmkm`bgzh- Pg vzkvkzhm fg bfgmvbeb`kz vgmfgm`bkp) tgzhkmvg ik tzgpgm`bk fg fkvhp fg `hzvg vzkpugzpki ibcbvkfhp r mh fg pgzbgp fgvbgcth pg ibcbvð gi ki`km`g-

Pg bmfknð phjzg gi vkckûh fgi cgz`kfh ih`ki) vgmfgm`bkp fg g|tkmpbðm r ikpfbugzpkp ehzckp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm k tg{wgûk gp`kik) `hmpbfgzkmfh



;0

ckrhzbpvkp r cbmhzbpvkp ih`kigp- Vkcjbâm pg kûkfbð wm fbknmðpvb`h fgi cgz`kfhfg bmpwchp ,pgcbiikp) egzvbibkmvgp) tgpvb`bfkp) ewmnwb`bfkp) lgzjb`bfkp"fbegzgm`bkmfh tzg`bhp r pwp vgmfgm`bkp) kpã `hch pwp `hmfb`bhmgp fg ugmvk-

@hch bmpvzwcgmvhp fg zg`hig``bðm fg ik bmehzck`bðm tzbckzbk pg zgkibkzhm

fbpgûh r thpvgzbhz gog`w`bðm fg gm`wgpvkp

7

k `kfk wmh fg ihp k`vhzgp fg ik`kfgmk fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp- Gpvhp phm ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp)tzhfw`vhzgp(zg`hig`vhzgp) vzkpehzckfhzgp r g|thzvkfhzgp- Pg gm`wgpvkzhm ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp gm ihp tzbm`btkigp twmvhp fg k`htbh fg ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm?Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg) Tikk Ckrhzbpvk) Tikk Cbmhzbpvk) Tikk fg ik Kcâzb`k-

Vkcjbâm pg `hmpbfgzkzhm ewgmvgp fg bmehzck`bðm pg`wmfkzbk) `hch ik jkpg fgfkvhp Knzhmgv tkzk ik hjvgm`bðm fg tzg`bhp g bmpwchp tkzk ik gikjhzk`bðm fg ikckvzb fg `hpvhp gpvbckfk thz gptg`bg- ,Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r FgpkzzhiihZwzki) :4;;"

7 Ihp ehzckvhp fg ikp gm`wgpvkp zgkibkfkp twgfgm gm`hmvzkzpg gm ik pg``bðm fgkmg|hp ki ebmki fgi `ktãvwih-



;6

Gpvwfbh fg cgz`kfh Cgfgiiãm :4;;? Zgpwivkfhp

@hcgz`bkibk b̀ðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm-5

Nzëeb`h :- Tikkp fhmfg pg `hcgz`bkibkm tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm Cgfgiiãm # Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg

Nzëeb`h 0- Tikkp fhmfg pg `hcgz`bkibkm tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm Cgfgiiãm # Tikk Cbmhzbpvk

Gm Cgfgiiãm ik`hcgz`bkibk`bðm fgtikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp pgzgkibk tzbm`btkicgmvg gmik @gmvzki Cbmhzbpvk) `hm;0 twgpvhp) ik Tikk fgik Kcâzb`k `hm 5twgpvhp) r ik tik`bvk fg

Eiðzg `hm 7 twgpvhp-Gm ik `gmvzki ckrhzbpvkvkm phih pg gm`hmvzkzhm :twgpvhp fg`hcgz`bkibk`bðm- Pbjbgm gi mÿcgzh fgtwgpvhp mh bmfb`k gi uhiwcgm `hcgz`bkibkfh) âpvg mhp bmfb`k gi nzkfh fg`hm`gmvzk`bðm nghnzëeb`k r thz vkmvh fg tzh`gphp fg knihcgzk`bðm-

5 Gi kwvhz knzkfg`g ik `hikjhzk`bðm tzhthz`bhmkfk thz Ohmkvlkm Kzkmnh) gpvwfbkmvg

fg Kfcbmpbvzk`bðm fg Gctzgpkp fg ik Wmbugzpbfkf fg Kmvbh{wbk r Ohlm Ezgfr@kzchmk tkzk gi igukmvkcbgmvh fg ik bmehzck`bðm tzbckzbk cgfbkmvg gm`wgpvkp k`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp-

Nzëeb`h 6- Mÿcgzh fg twgpvhp gm`hmvzkfhp gm `kfk Tikk



;7

Pb pg zgkibk wmk `hctkzk`bðm lbpvðzb`k) pgnÿm fkvhp `hig`vkfhp thz gi BmpvbvwvhKig|kmfgz uhm Lwcjhifv) g|bpvãkm gm Cgfgiiãm gm :44; 6 tikkp fg Cgz`kfh)ikp cbpckp k{wã `bvkfkp- Tgzh pg lkm tzgpgmvkfh `kcjbhp gm gi mÿcgzh fgtwgpvhp thz tikk- Gm ik tikk Ckrhzbpvk pg tzgpgmvð wmk zgfw``bðm fg :twgpvhp) wm 74') gm ik Kcâzb`k) wmk zgfw``bðm fg 5 twgpvhp) wm 74'- Gm

tik`bvk fg Eiðzg) wmk zgfw``bðm fg > twgpvhp) tkzk wm 7<'- Gm ik tikkCbmhzbpvk) wmk zgfw``bðm fg < twgpvhp) tkzk wm 0<'- ,Fãk) :440"- Gpvkzgfw``bðm bmfb`k {wg gi cgz`kfh pg lk ugmbfh fgtwzkmfh) r gp `kfk ug cëptg{wgûh-

Gm ngmgzki) {wbgmgp pg lk`gm `kznh fg ik`hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ihptwgpvhp fg ikp tikkp phm cwogzgp) `hm wm >0')cbgmvzkp {wg ihp lhcjzgp zgtzgpgmvkm wm :>'-

Pðih wm <' fg ihp twgpvhp fg`hcgz`bkibk`bðm gp kvgmfbfh thzkfwivhp ckrhzgp fg gmvzg 57 r>7 kûhp fg gfkf) pgnwbfh fg wm;>' fg tgzphmkp fg gmvzg 77 r57 kûhp- >7' fg ihp twgpvhp gpkvgmfbfh thz kfwivhp fg gmvzg :7r 07 kûhp) mbmnwmh gp kvgmfbfhthz kfwivhp fg gmvzg ;< r :7kûhp fg gfkf- [wbgmgp

`hcgz`bkibkm gpvkp tikmvkp pg`kzk`vgzbkm thz vgmgz kctibk

g|tgzbgm`bk r `hmh`bcbgmvhp phjzg gi wph fg `kfk wmk fg ikp tikmvkp) kpã `hchpw thphihnãk h fhpbp) tgzh vkcjbâm ikp `hmvzkbmfb`k`bhmgp phjzg gi wph thzgogctih gm tgzphmkp `hm lbtgzvgmpbðm kzvgzbki) gm gcjkzkh) w hvzk `hmfb`bðm-

Ikp tgzphmkp {wg `hcgz`bkibkm tikmvkp thpggm kctibk g|tgzbgm`bk) fg gmvzg 5r 00 kûhp `hch ugmfgfhzgp- Gm tzhcgfbh wm ugmfgfhz fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigpfg ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm vbgmg ;2 kûhp fg g|tgzbgm`bk-

Fg vhfkp ikp tikkp ubpbvkfkp k g|`gt`bðm fg ik @gmvzki Ckrhzbpvk wjb`kfk gm gicwmb`btbh fg Bvknùã) ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp zgpbfgm gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm `hmwm <<' fgi vhvki-

Nzëeb`h 7- Nâmgzh fg ihpugmfgfhzgp fg tikmvkp

Nzëeb`h 5- Gfkf fg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp fg tikmvkp



;5

Nzëeb`h >- Cwmb`btbh fg zgpbfgm`bk fg ihp ugmfgfhzgp

Gi nzkfh fg gp`hikzbfkf fg ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp gp jkoh- Wm6:' `wzpkzhm pðih lkpvk gi nzkfhfg tzbckzbk) zkðm thz ik `wkicw`lhp mh kfgikmvkm `wzphp fg`ktk`bvk`bðm h `hmh`gm ikbcthzvkm`bk fg iigukz wm zgnbpvzhfg ikp ugmvkp- 0>' `wicbmkzhmpwp gpvwfbhp fg Pg`wmfkzbk) rpðih wm :;' vbgmgm gpvwfbhp fg

vâ`mb`k h wmbugzpbvkzbk-

Wm 25' fg ihp gm`wgpvkfhpckmbebgpvk mh vgmgz twgpvhp fgugmvk gm hvzhp cgz`kfhp- Gm pw

nzkm ckrhzãk pg vzkvk fg ugmvkpcbmhzbpvkp h ki cgmwfgh- Pbmgcjkznh pg hjpgzuð {wgcw`lhp kjphzjbgzhm ihp twgpvhp`hibmfkmvgp) fhmfg pg wpkm`hch jhfgnkp r kctibk`bðm fgihp twgpvhp tkzk g|lbjb`bðm)tzh`gph fg pg`kfh fg tikmvkp)gmvzg hvzhp wphp-

Pg bmfknð k ihp gm`wgpvkfhp

`wëi gzk ik âth`k fgi kûh gm ik {wg gzkm ckrhzgp ikp ugmvkp) h pg hjpgzukjkgp`kpg fg kinÿm tzhfw`vh h tikmvk- Ikp zgptwgpvkp ewgzhm ukzbkfkp) tgzh gm

Nzëeb`h <- ßivbch mbugi fg gp`hikzbfkf ki`kmkfh thz ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp

Nzëeb`h 2- Zgptwgpvk fg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp ezgmvg k pbugmfgm gm hvzhp cgz`kfhp



;>

ngmgzki pg gm`hmvzð {wg ik hegzvk fg tikmvkp eiw`vwkjk fgjbfh k ek`vhzgpìbcëvb`hp- @wkmfh kzzg`bkjk gi bmubgzmh ikp tikmvkp pg twfzãkm) cbgmvzkp {wggm âth`kp fg kivk zkfbk`bðm phikz ikp tikmvkp pg pg`kjkm- @hm gpvh mhp fkm kgmvgmfgz ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp {wg ihp tzhuggfhzgp thz ih ngmgzki mh fbpthmgmfg `wkzvhp ezãhp h bmugzmkfgzhp gm ihp `wkigp `hmpgzukz r tzhvgngz ihp

pgcjzkfhp ezgmvg ki ìbck- Gm ngmgzki ki pgz wm tkãp vzhtb`ki pbm gpvk`bhmgp) pgvbgmg fbpthmbjbibfkf fg tikmvkp vhfh gi kûh-

Nzëeb`h ;4- Âth`k fgi kûh gm ik {wg phm cgohzgp ihp bmnzgphp-

Ki pgz wm tzh`gph fg`hcgz`bkibk`bðm `hm

jkoh mbugi fg ugmvkp)fhmfg ihp ugmfgfhzgpthpggm wm mbugi fggfw`k`bðm jëpb`h) wm>2' fg ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgpckmbegpvð mh iigukz

wm zgnbpvzh `hmvkjigfg ikp ugmvkp) ihpnkpvhp h ikp `hctzkp k tzhuggfhzgp- Fgjbfh k gpvg ek`vhz mh ewg thpbjig zgkibkz

wmk kmëibpbp `wkmvbvkvbuh r cëp tzhewmfh fgi `hcthzvkcbgmvh fg tzg`bhp r`kmvbfkfgp fg ikp fbegzgmvgp tikmvkp-

Nzëeb`h ;;- Zgnbpvzh `hmvkjig thz tkzvg fg h̀cgz`bkibkfhzgp

Nzëeb`h ;:- Vbthihnãk fg `hctzkfhzgp gm ikp tikkp fg cgz`kfh-



;<

Gi vbth fg `hctzkfhzgp {wg phm kvgmfbfhp gm ikp tikkp fg cgz`kfh phm gm wm 2:'`hmpwcbfhz ebmki- Pðih wm 6' fg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp pwzvg k fh`vhzgp wlhcgðtkvkp) r wm 6' lk pwzvbfh k ikjhzkvhzbhp- Ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp {wg pwzvãkmk ikjhzkvhzbhp ih lk`gm fg ckmgzk bzzgnwikz r gm jkohp uhiÿcgmgp) gm ngmgzkifgjbfh k ikp `hmfb`bhmgp fg tzg`bhp r ikp g|bngm`bkp fg ihp ikjhzkvhzbhp gm `wkmvh k

`kibfkf fgi tzhfw`vh r ebkjbibfkf gm gi pwcbmbpvzh-

Wm 5>' fg ihp gm`wgpvkfhp ckmbegpvðthpggz `gzvbeb`k`bðm h `ktk`bvk`bðm gmjwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fg ckmwek`vwzk- Gpvhgp ckmbtwik`bðm fg kibcgmvhp) tzë`vb`kpfg pkiwjzbfkf `hch mh g|lbjbz ihptzhfw`vhp gm gi pwgih) ehzckp fg`hmpgzuk`bðm gmvzg hvzkp-

FKVHP PHJZG IKP TIKMVKP

Iwgnh fg `kzk`vgzbkz ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp) pg igp bmfknð thz ikp 7 tzbm`btkigptikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp {wg `hcgz`bkibkjkm- Thz ih ngmgzki gm ihp twgpvhp pg`hcgz`bkibkm wmk nzkm `kmvbfkf fg tikmvkp gm gpvkfh ezgp`h h pg`h- Tgzh fgjbfh kitzg`gfgmvg fg {wg mh pg iigukjk wm zgnbpvzh `hmvkjig fgi uhiwcgm r tzg`bh fgugmvk) r `hm gi hjogvbuh fg hjvgmgz wmk bmehzck`bðm `hctigvk tkzk vhfkp ikpgm`wgpvkp pg phib`bvð bmehzck`bðm pwjogvbuk fg `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp `wkibvkvbukp) h gmhvzkp tkikjzkp k hoh) fg `wëigp gzkm ikp 7 tikmvkp cëp `hcgz`bkibkfkp gm gi twgpvh-

Ikp 7 tikmvkp cëp `hcgz`bkibkfkp) thz mÿcgzh fg ug`gp {wg ewg cgm`bhmkfk gm ikgm`wgpvk phm ik kijklk`k `hm ;7 ug`gp) ik zwfk `hm ;0 ug`gp) ik rgzjkjwgmk `hm ;:ug`gp) `kiâmfwik `hm ;4 ug`gp r gi lbmhoh `hm 5 ug`gp-

Nzëeb`h ;0- @gzvbeb`kfhp fg jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fgckmwek`vwzk



;2

Nzëeb`h ;6- Ezg`wgm`bk kjphiwvk fg ugmvk fg `kfk wmk fg ikp tikmvkp



:4

Thz vbth fg tzhfw``bðm gi 2>' fg ikp tikmvkp gp`wivbukfk- Phih wm 0' gp hjvgmbfh fg ehzckpbiugpvzg-

Pðih wm ;' fg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgpvbgmg lwgzvk gm pw tzgfbh- Gi 22' fg ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp zgkibk zgugmvk fg ikptikmvkp- @kpb vhfhp ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgpvbgmgm `hch k`vbubfkf g`hmðcb`ktzbm`btki gi tzh`gph fg zgugmvk r`hcgz`bkibk`bðm- Mh fgpvbmkm pw vbgcthtkzk ik tikmvk`bðm) pbmh {wg fgjgmhjvgmgzik fg vgz`gzhp- Tzhuggfhzgp {wgpg k`gz`km k ihp twgpvhp jwp`kmfh {wgigp `hctzgm pwp tikmvkp- Thz ih ngmgzkimh pg hjpgzukm nzkmfgp tzhuggfhzgp)pbmh tg{wgûhp tzhfw`vhzgp {wg pwzvgmihp twgpvhp ki cgmhp fhp ug`gp thzpgckmk) fkfkp ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fg

ezgp`wzk {wg jwp`k gi ̀ hmpwcbfhz-

Nzëeb`h ;7- Vbthihnãk fg iktzhfw``bðm fg ikp tikmvkp`hcgz`bkibkfkp-

Nzëeb`h ;5- Hzbngm fg ikp tikmvkp `hcgz`bkibkfkp



:;

Ki pgz wm tzhfw`vh fgckmfkfh gm`hmfb`bhmgp ezgp`kp) gi mbugi fgzhvk`bðm h fg pwzvbfh pg zgkibk gmwm 6;' fg ehzck fbkzbk) :2' fhpug`gp k ik pgckmk) r pðih wm 04'

fg ikp tikmvkp gp zgmhukfk gmvbgcthp fg gmvzg wmk ug k ikpgckmk h cëp vbgcth- Iktzhubpbðm fg tikmvkp pg zgkibk fgk`wgzfh k ik fgckmfk h mbugi fgugmvkp fg ik pgckmk gm cgm`bðm-Ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgpckmbegpvkzhm mh vgmgz wm tikm fg`hctzkp cgmpwki h pgckmki-

Ikp `hmfb`bhmgp gm ikp {wg phm`hcgz`bkibkfkp ikp tikmvkpphm gm ngmgzki `hch Ezgp`k rPg`k- Pðih wm 6' fg ikptikmvkp gp hezg`bfk `hch pðih

ezgp`k) 7' `hch pðih pg`k r wm;' fg ikp tikmvkp pg`hcgz`bkibk `hchtwiugzbkfk h vzbvwzkfk-Gpvhp fkvhp mhp bmfb`km mhpðih ikp `hmfb`bhmgp fg`hcgz`bkibk`bðm) pbmhvkcjbâm gi nzkfh fgvg`mbeb`k`bðm r gi ukihz

knzgnkfh {wg ihp

`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp kûkfgm kikp tikmvkp {wg hjvbgmgm fgihp tzhuggfhzgp-

Cw`lkp fg ikp tikmvkp phm wpkfkp `hch kzhcëvb`kp r gpvkp mh phm ugmfbfkp gmjhipbvkp ibpvkp tkzk pw wph- Ikp tikmvkp thz ih ngmgzki mh ktkzg`gm gvb{wgvkfkp thzpw mhcjzg) r mh phm gctk`kfkp gm jhipk h `kok1 phm ugmfbfkp gm gmuhivwzk fgtgzbðfb`h- Ik tzgpgmvk`bðm thfzãk pgz wm ek`vhz k `hmpbfgzkz tkzk gigukz ikp ugmvkpfgi tzhfw`vh-

Pg vzkvð fg hjvgmgz gi uhiwcgm fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg ikp fbegzgmvgp tikmvkp {wg

ihp `hcgz̀ bkibkfhzgp bmfb`kjkm pgz ikp cëp ugmfbfkp- Tgzh pg hjvwuh wmkzgpvzb``bðm tzhtbk fg ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fgi tzhfw`vh `hcgz`bkibkfh- Gpvh gp {wgmh gp lhchnâmgh- Ikp ugmvkp mh pg zgkibkm `hm nzkckog- Gi tzhfw`vh ugmfbfh mh

Nzëeb`h ;>- Mbugi fg zhvk`bðm fg bmugmvkzbhp-

Nzëeb`h ;<- @hmfb`bhmgp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg ikp tikmvkpcgfb`bmkigp



::

gp tgpkfh gm jkikmk `hch h`wzzg `hm hvzhp tzhfw`vhp knzhtg`wkzbhp) pbmh {wg gpugmfbfh gm ihp fgmhcbmkfhp vkohp) zkcbvkp h nkohp- Wmbfkf fg cgfbfk {wg `kcjbkmh pðih fg gmvzg wmh r hvzh `hcgz`bkibkfhz) pbmh gmvzg ikp fbegzgmvgp tikmvkp {wgpg ugmfgm fg k`wgzfh k ik gptg`bg r pw tzgpgmvk`bðm-

Pg twgfgm ugz tikmvkp {wg pg `hcgz`bkibkm gm nzkmfgp nkohp) `hch hvzkp gmfbcbmwvkp jhipbvkp fg :4 h 04 nzkchp- Gm gptg`bki pg fgjg vgmgz gm `wgmvk {wg`wkmfh ikp tikmvkp tkpkm thz wm tzh`gph fg pg`kfh) h fgplbfzkvk`bðm tbgzfgm nzkm`kmvbfkf fg pw tgph) thz ih {wg gm pw chcgmvh ewg wmk ezhmfhpk tikmvk fg |

nzkchp) klhzk gp cëp ibubkmk-

Tkzk phzvgkz gpvkp `hmfb`bhmgp) pg mhzckibkzhm ihp fkvhp hjvgmbfhp pwthmbgmfh{wg wm vkoh) nkoh h zkcbiigvg fg tikmvkp vbgmg wm tgph thz ih zgnwikz fg gmvzg 644 r>44 nzkchp- Wm ibjzk gm tzhcgfbh-

Ikp `bm`h tikmvkp cëp `hcgz`bkibkfkp thz uhiwcgm phm ik Zwfk) `hm 554 ckmhohp

thz pgckmk) pgnwbfk fg ik Kijklk`k `hm 00: ckmhohp pgckmk) ik Rgzjkjwgmk `hm0:2 ckmhohp pgckmk) ik Ckmkmbiik `hm :0; ckmhohp pgckmk r ik @kiâmfwik `hm <<ckmhohp pgckmk-

Gpvk fgp`zbt`bðm thz uhiwcgm gp `hmpbpvgmvg gm nzkm tkzvg `hm ih hjpgzukfh cëpkzzbjk `hm ihp fkvhp fg ezg`wgm`bk zgikvbuk fgi mÿcgzh fg ug`gp {wg wmk tikmvk gzkcgm`bhmkfk fgmvzh fg ikp 7 cëp ugmfbfkp-



:0

Nzëeb`h ;2- Uhiwcgm `hcgz`bkibkfh thz pgckmk) gm ibjzkp thz tikmvk

Pb `hm ihp uhiÿcgmgp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm pg gm`hmvzkzhm bm`hmugmbgmvgp tkzkzgkibkz gi kmëibpbp) `hm ihp tzg`bhp gi mbugi fg fbeb`wivkf ewg ckrhz- Ikpeiw`vwk`bhmgp fg ihp tzg`bhp {wg ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp hjpgzukm phm cwr kivkp- Pggm`hmvzkzhm `kphp gm ihp {wg bmìwph gi `hcgz`bkibkfhz ki ugz gi mbugi fgmg`gpbfkf fg wmk tgzphmk) kfhtvkjkm ̀ hch tzg`bh ̀ gzh ik tikmvk k ̀ hcgz`bkibkz-

Ki mh vgmgz ìkzh gi uhiwcgm) ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp htvkm thz ugmfgz fg gmvzg 744k ;444 tgphp wm ckmhoh- Ckmhoh h vkoh {wg pgig``bhmkm k pbctig bmptg``bðm ubpwki

pbm {wg cgfbg wmk jkikmk- Thz gpvh ewg fbeã`bi fgvgzcbmkz gm `kfk `hcgz`bkibkfhz



:6

k {wg pg zgegzãk `wkmfh bmfb`kjk {wg ugmfãk fgvgzcbmkfk tikmvk k wm mbugi fgtzg`bh fgvgzcbmkfh- K `hmvbmwk`bðm pg tzgpgmvk gm wmk vkjik ihp zgpwivkfhp-

Nzëeb`h :4- Tzg`bh tzhcgfbh fg ik tikmvk `hcgz`bkibkf



:7

Tgzebi tzhfw`vbuh fg ihp `wivbukfhzgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm ihp`hzzgnbcbgmvhp fg Cgfgiiãm-

Gm tzhcgfbh ihp tzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) kzhcëvb`kp r `hmfbcgmvkzbkpgm ihp `hzzgnbcbgmvhp fg Cgfgiiãm thpggm wmk kctibk g|tgzbgm`bk) fg kizgfgfhz fg

0: kûhp- Gm pw ckrhzãk vbgmgm `hch mbugi gfw`kvbuh vgzcbmkfh ik jëpb`k tzbckzbk-Gi vkckûh fg ikp tkz`gikp fhmfg pg `wivbukm tikmvkp twgfg gm`hmvzkzpg fgpfgtg{wgûhp ihvgp fg 0444 c: lkpvk nzkmfgp ihvgp fg 54-444 c:- Pg gm`hmvzð {wg ihptzgfbhp phm wvbibkfhp tkzk gi `wivbuh fg tikmvkp fg gmvzg wm :0' fgi ëzgk) lkpvk pwvhvkibfkf-

Gm tzhcgfbh ihp tzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp fgpvbmkm wm 70' fg pwp tzgfbhp tkzk gi`wivbuh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) kzhcëvb`kp r `hmfbcgmvkzbkp- Gi ëzgk zgpvkmvg gpwvbibkfk tkzk hvzhp ̀ wivbuhp) nkmkfgzãk r gi ëzgk fg ik zgpbfgm`bk-

Gi k``gph ki `zâfbvh thz tkzvg fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp mhgp wvbibkfh `hch ewgmvg fg zg`wzphp tkzkkctibk`bðm h vg`mbeb`k`bðm fgi `wivbuh- Ihptzhfw`vhzgp gm pw ckrhzãk mh gpvëm bmvgzgpkfhp gmk``gfgz k `zâfbvhp fgjbfh k pw kugzpbðm kgmfgwfkzpg) thz{wg mh ig ugm `hch wmk mg`gpbfkftkzk iigukz k `kjh pwp k`vbubfkfgp tzhfw`vbukp) hthz{wg pw kukmkfk gfkf pg `hmpbfgzk `hch wmkjkzzgzk tkzk ikp gmvbfkfgp ebmkm`bgzkp- [wbgmgp lkmk``gfbfh k wm `zâfbvh ih lb`bgzhm tkzk gpvkjig`gz wm

pbpvgck fg ̀ wivbuh jkoh bmugzmkfgzh-

Kpã `hch ihp `hcgz`bkibkfhzgp) ihp tzhfw`vhzgp mhiigukm wm zgnbpvzh `hmvkjig phjzg pwp bmnzgphp rnkpvhp) mh thpggm wm `gzvbeb`kfh fg jwgmkp

tzë`vb`kp fg ckmwek`vwzk h jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp knzhtg`wkzbkp-

Phjzg gi mbugi fg ugmvkp k ih ikznh fgi kûh) ihp tzhfw`vhzgp ckmbegpvkzhm {wg g|bpvg`bgzvk zgnwikzbfkf k ih ikznh fgi kûh- K g|`gt`bðm fg fãkp gptg`bkigp `hch ebmki fgkûh h pgckmk pkmvk) fhmfg pg bm`zgcgmvk hpvgmpbjigcgmvg ikp ugmvkp->

> Gpvk ktzg`bk`bðm gp fg vbth pwjogvbuk- Twgpvh {wg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp mh thpggm wmzgnbpvzh ̀ hmvkjig) mh ewg thpbjig ̀ wkmvbeb`kz h ̀ hmvzkpvkz gpvk kebzck`bðm-

Nzëeb`h :;- Vbthihnãk fg iktzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp-



:5

Fg ihp ek`vhzgp `hmpbfgzkfhp thz ihptzhfw`vhzgp `hch hjpvë`wihp tkzk gi`zg`bcbgmvh fg pwp ugmvkp pg fgpvk`kmgmvzg hvzhp? ik `hctgvgm`bk fgpigki1 ikkwpgm`bk fg cgz`kfh) tzhjigckp fg

`hcgz`bkibk`bðm gm ngmgzki1 ik ckmh fghjzk pg `hmpbfgzk `hch `hpvhpk) twgp ikngmvg g|bng cëp fgi pkikzbh cãmbch `hch`hctgmpk`bðm ki ohzmki1 ihp bctwgpvhptzgfbkigp pg `hmpbfgzkm `hch kivhp) gmtkzvg fgjbfh k ik `gz`kmãk fg ik `bwfkf rthz `hmpbfgzkzpg tzgfbhp wzjkmhp h `wkpbwzjkmhp gm `kvkpvzh cwmb`btki1 ki pgzvgzzgmhp `kpb wzjkmhp) cw`lhp pggmezgmvkm k tzhjigckp fg ̀ hmvkcbmk`bðm gm ikp ewgmvgp fg knwk {wg wvbibkm tkzk gizbgnh fg ihp vgzzgmhp pbm {wg twgfkm zgcgfbkz gi tzhjigck1 ihp eigvgp h `hpvhp fgvzkmpthzvg tkzk iigukz ikp tikmvkp k ikp tikkp fg cgz`kfh phm kivhp) cw`lkp ug`gpkjphzjbgmfh vhfkp ikp nkmkm`bkp fgi tzhfw`vhz1 vkcjbâm pg gp`w`lkzhm {wgzgiikpzgptg`vh ki kivh tzg`bh fg ihp bmpwchp knzã`hikp `hch egzvbibkmvgp) ewmnwb`bfkp)lgzjb`bfkp kpã ̀ hch ikp lgzzkcbgmvkp tkzk zgkibkz ik k`vbubfkf tzhfw`vbuk-

Nzëeb`h :0- Ugmvkp cgmpwkigp tzhcgfbh thz cgp-

Nzëeb`h ::- @hmfb`bhmgp fg ugmvk fg ikptikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp tzhfw`bfkp



:>

Ikp 0 tikmvkp cëp tzhfw`bfkp phm ik Kijklk`k) Tgm`k Pëjbik r Ki`k`lhek

Nzëeb`h :6- Tzg`bh tzhcgfbh fg ikp tikmvkp tzhfw`bfkp-

Ihp tzg`bhp fg ikp tikmvkp pwgigm eiw`vwkz kizgfgfhz ihp ;444 tgphp thz ibjzk hckmhoh- K g|`gt`bðm fg ik eihz fg ik `kiâmfwik {wg vbgmg wm tzg`bh fg ;4-444 tgphpik ibjzk-



:<

Ikjhzkvhzbhp Ekzck`âwvb`hp r Mkvwzbpvkp) wmk fgckmfk thvgm`bkir ikvgmvg fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp-

Pg gmubkzhm gm`wgpvkp k ihp ikjhzkvhzbhp ekzck`âwvb`hp) mkvwzbpvkp r kinwmhp fgipg`vhz fg pkjhzgp gm kibcgmvhp {wg gpvëm gpvkjig`bfhp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm- Kvhfhp pg igp gmubð gi `wgpvbhmkzbh {wg twgfg ugzpg gm ihp kmg|hp- Tgzh mbmnwmh fgihp gm`wgpvkfhp gmubð zgptwgpvk kinwmk- Pgbp fg giihp ckmbegpvkzhm mh zgkibkz`hctzkp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) twgpvh {wg pwp tzbm`btbhp k`vbuhp ihp hjvgmãkm fgehzck pbmvâvb`k-

Gpvzw`vwzk fg @hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp?

ubkjbibfkfPb gi `kctgpbmh fgpgk iigukz pw tzhfw``bðm fg wm `wivbuh bmehzcki) lk`bk wmh ehzcki`hm hjogvbuhp fg hjvgmgz bmnzgphp zgtzgpgmvkvbuhp r phpvgmbjigp gm gi vbgcth) fgjgjwp`kz gm tzbcgz iwnkz gpvkjig`gz `wëi `wivbuh h `wëigp `wivbuhp phm ihp bmfb`kfhptkzk pgcjzkz gm pw tkz`gik- Gpk pgûki pg ik tzhthz`bhmk gi cgz`kfh) gmvzg hvzkp<) pbpg `wctigm fhp `hmfb`bhmgp? gm tzbcgz iwnkz ihp tzg`bhp fgi `wivbuh fgjgm`kzk`vgzbkzpg thz ki cgmhp `wjzbz ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm) kpã `hch fg pgz wmhptzg`bhp {wg mh `kcjbgm fgckpbkfh gm gi vbgcth1 gm ik pbnwbgmvg gpvzw`vwzk fg`hpvhp pg pwthmfzë2 {wg gpvhp mh vbgmgm wmk ukzbk`bðm `hmpbfgzkjig1 gm pgnwmfhiwnkz gi cgz`kfh fhmfg pg ugmfgzëm ikp tikmvkp fgjg pgz ih pweb`bgmvgcgmvg nzkmfg`hch tkzk {wg ik tzhfw``bðm mh pg tbgzfk r gi tzh`gph twgfk iigukzpg k egibvâzcbmh) gpvh gp {wg vhfh twgfk pgz ugmfbfh-

Ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp k mbugi `hcgz`bki twgfg iigukzpg k `kjh cgfbkmvgbmugzmkfgzhp h ki kbzg ibjzg- Fgtgmfbgmfh fg ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp knzhmðcb`kp fgi`wivbuh gm `wkmvh ki ìbck) lwcgfkf) gmvzg hvzkp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp- K `hmvbmwk`bðm pgtzgpgmvkm kcjkp gpvzw`vwzkp fg `hpvhp tkzk ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm) gm jkpg kivzkjkoh fg Pëm`lg Pëm`lg :44> ’ Kptg`vhp ewmfkcgmvkigp gm ik tzhfw``bðm fg

lbgzjkp kzhcëvb`kp– ,Pkm`lg) :44>"- Pg kfubgzvg {wg gpvk gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhpfgjg kebmkzpg fg k`wgzfh k ihp gpvwfbhp fg pwgihp r kptg`vhp tkzvb`wikzgp fg `kfktkz`gik fhmfg pg tzgvgmfk iigukz k `kjh gi tzhrg`vh tzhfw`vbuh) pbm gcjkznh twgfg

fkzpg eg fg ihp `hpvhp r pw cknmbvwf `hch pgûki fg ubkjbibfkf- Gpvk kpgphzãk vâ`mb`ktwgfg pgz tkzvg fg ik krwfk bmpvbvw`bhmki {wg cëp kjkoh pg g|thmfzë-

< Vkcjbâm fgjg zgubpkz pb gm pw vgzzgmh h tkz`gik pg `wctig `hm ihp zg{wgzbcbgmvhp

fgi `wivbuh `hch lwcgfkf) ìbck) kivbvwf- Pb ik tikmvk vbgmg tgzcbphp fgi BMUBCKtkzk `hcgz`bkibkzpg- Gmvzg hvzkp zgpvzb``bhmgp mh `hmvgctikfkp gm ihp cgz`kfhp-2 Gm geg`vh ki ̀ hmvzkpvkz ̀ hm ihp tzg`bhp fg cgz`kfh gpvg pwtwgpvh pg ̀ hzzhjhzk-



:2

Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm jkoh bmugzmkfgzhp gm

Cgfgiiãm

Nzëeb`h :7- Tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp jkoh bmugzmkfgzh

Ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp fg ehzck `hcgz`bki h vg`mbeb`kfk gctigkmfhbmugzmkfgzhp gp wm gctzgmfbcbgmvh {wg zg{wbgzg fg kivkp bmugzpbhmgp thzlg`vëzgk- Bmugzpbhmgp {wg pg zgkibkm gm ik gpvzw`vwzk fgi bmugzmkfgzh) ik tiëmvwik rpgcbiikp) gi pbpvgck fg zbgnh) ihp bmpwchp {wãcb`hp w hznëmb`hp zg{wgzbfhp) kpã`hch kpbpvgm`bk vâ`mb`k r ckmh fg hjzk `ktk`bvkfk-

K mbugi mk`bhmki ikp tikmvkp {wg pg `wivbukm jkoh gpvg gp{wgck phm tzbm`btkicgmvgik kijklk`k) ik cgmvk) gi vhcbiih) gi ̀ gjhiiãm) gi gpvzknðm) hzânkmh r zhcgzh- Gizhcgzh mh mg`gpkzbkcgmvg pg ̀ wivbuk gm bmugzmkfgzhp) r twgfg ̀ wivbukzpg ki kbzgibjzg-

@hcthmgmvgp fgi ̀ hpvh?

Tzgtkzk`bðm fg pwgihp

Bmugzpbhmgp gm ck{wbmkzbk) g{wbth r gi bmugzmkfgzh Tiëmvwikp

Ckmh fg hjzk

Bmpwchp

Ckvgzbkigp

Kzzgmfkcbgmvh fgi vgzzgmh ,kpã gi vgzzgmh tgzvgmg`k ki tzhtbgvkzbh) pg`hmpbfgzk gi `hpvh fg hthzvwmbfkf) gp fg`bz gi bmnzgph {wg hjvgmfzãk gitzhtbgvkzbh fg kzzgmfkz gi vgzzgmh k hvzk tgzphmk h vgz`gzh"

Hvzhp nkpvhp ,Kfcbmbpvzk`bðm) `hpvhp ebmkm`bgzhp) `hcbpbðm gctzgpkzbki)

tzbck fg zbgpnh"



04

Tzgtkzk`bðm fg Pwgihp

Gm gi tzbcgz kûh gp mg`gpkzbh tzgtkzkz gi pwgih tkzk `hzzgnbzig r zgkibkz ikegzvbibk`bðm bmb`bki- @hch pg vzkvk fg wm `wivbuh vg`mbeb`kfh r `hm hjogvbuhp`hcgz`bkigp) gp mg`gpkzbh {wg vhfhp ihp kûhp pg iigugm k `kjh kmëibpbp fgi pwgih tkzk`hmpbfgzkz ik ktib`k`bðm h zgfw``bðm gm `wkmvh k ihp egzvbibkmvgp ktib`kfhp-

Gm ik pbnwbgmvg vkjik gp thpbjig ugz ihp 0 `hcthmgmvgp tkzk gi tzbcgz kûh) `hm wm`hpvg vhvki thz lg`vëzgk fg &;->;4-47: tgphp-

K`vbubfkf Kûh ; Kûh : ki 7

Kmëibpbp fgi pwgih & <;-60; & <;-60;

Cg`kmbk`bðm & :0:-554 #

Egzvbibk`bðm bmb`bki fgi pwgih & ;-027-254 #

Vhvki & ;->;4-47: & <;-60;Nzëeb`h :5#Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg tzgtkzk`bðm fg pwgihp-

Bmugzpbðm gm Ck{wbmkzbk r G{wbth

Gi pgnwmfh `hcthmgmvg fg ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm pg vzkvk fg ikp bmugzpbhmgp gmvhfhp ihp gigcgmvhp {wg tgzcbvbzëm tkpkz fg wmk knzb`wivwzk bmehzcki r th`h

vg`mbeb`kfk) lk`bk wmk tzhfw``bðm `hcgz`bki bmìwph `hm thpbjbibfkfgp fgg|thzvk`bðm-

Gm gi tzbcgz kûh gp mg`gpkzbh zgkibkz wmk bmugzpbðm gm wm bmugzmkfgzh) wm pbpvgckfg zbgnh) r ik `hmpvzw``bðm fg wm `wkzvh ezãh tkzk kvgmfgz ik tzhfw``bðm- Pg vbgmgmgm `wgmvk {wg gm ihp kûhp 6 r > gp mg`gpkzbh zgkibkz ckmvgmbcbgmvhp tzgugmvbuhp r`hzzg`vbuhp vkmvh gm gi pbpvgck fg bmugzmkfgzhp kpã `hch gm gi pbpvgck fg zbgnh-

Wm bmugzmkfgzh `hmugm`bhmki fg wmk lg`vëzgk `hmpvk fg :; mkugp fg 5)< cgvzhp fgkm`lh thz >4 cgvzhp fg ikznh tkzk wm vhvki ktzh|bckfh fg ;4444 cgvzhp`wkfzkfhp- @kfk mkug `hmvbgmg ;4 `kckp) thz ih {wg gpvkzãkchp lkjikmfh fg

kizgfgfhz fg :;4 `kckp thz lg`vëzgk- @kfk `kck cbfg 06 cgvzhp fg ikznh thz ;fg km`lh- Ih {wg gm vhvki pwck wm ëzgk geg`vbuk fg pbgcjzk fg kizgfgfhz fg 5744cgvzhp `wkfzkfhp fg ihp ;4444 bmb`bkigp- Gptk`bh {wg gp cgmhz gm nzkm cgfbfk thzihp gptk`bhp {wg fgjgm fgokzpg gmvzg ikp mkugp tkzk thfgz zgkibkz ikp ikjhzgptzhtbkp fg ̀ wivbuh r `hpg`lk thpvgzbhzgp-



0;

Kûh ; Kûh 6 Kûh >Bmugzmkfgzhp &

;;5-004-464# #

Zgtkzk`bðmBmugzmkfgzhp

# &06-<22-4;:

&06-<22-4;:

Pbpvgck fg zbgnh # # #

Zgtkzk`bðm pbpvgck fgzbgnh

&:0-:55-44<

# #

@wkzvh ezãh # &7-<;5-74:

&7-<;5-74:

Jhcjkp # # #

Vhvki & ;70-777-57: &64->;7-7;6

&64->;7-7;6

Nzëeb`h :>- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg bmugzpbðm gm ck{wbmkzbk r g{wbth

Tiëmvwikp

Gi `hpvh tzhcgfbh thz lg`vëzgk kzzhoð wm mbugi fg kizgfgfhz fg 54 cbiihmgp fgtgphp- Ihp `hpvhp thz tikmvk phm ihp tzg`bhp fg tikmvwik`bðm gm ihp bmugzmkfgzhp fgik Ek`wivkf fg Knzhmhcãk fg ik Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki pgfg Jhnhvë- Gpvg `hpvhtwgfg pgz klhzzkfh pb gi `wivbukfhz zgkibk pw tzhtbk tikmvwik`bðm- Tgzh pgzg`hcbgmfk kf{wbzbz ikp cgohzgp gptg`bgp tkzk hjvgmgz wmk tzhfw`vbubfkf kivk `hmihp ÿivbchp fgpkzzhiihp gm `gmvzhp `hch @HZTHB@K h gi B@K- Pg lk`g mg`gpkzbhgmvhm`gp zgtikmvgkz gpvk pg``bðm fg ihp `hpvhp-

Tikmvk Tikmvkp thzlg`vëzgk @hpvh thztikmvk @hpvh vhvki

Vhcbiih ;54574 062 &75-455-<74

Hzânkmh ;54574 062 &75-455-<74

Cgohzkck ;54574 062 &75-455-<74

Cgmvk ;54574 062 &75-455-<74

Gpvzknðm ;54574 657 &>6->4:-:74

@hpvh tzhcgfbh thzlg`vëzgk

# # &72->20-204

Nzëeb`h :<- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp thz tiëmvwik

Ckmh fg Hjzk

Pg gpvbckzhm 706 ohzmkigp k tknkz gm gi tzbcgz kûh- [wg `hmvkjbibëmfhigp k wmtzg`bh fg 04-444 tgphp gi fãk) kzzhokm wmhp `hpvhp fg ;5 cbiihmgp fg tgphp tkzkzgkibkz ik k`vbubfkf fg pbgcjzk) `hmvzhi fg tiknkp gmegzcgfkfgp r zgtkzk`bðm hbmpvkik`bðm fgi pbpvgck fg zbgnh) ik k`vbubfkf fg zg`hig``bðm gp ik tzbm`btki) r

vkcjbâm pg vbgmgm gm `wgmvk ik k`vbubfkf fg egzvbibk`bðm r hvzkp k`vbubfkfgpfgmhcbmkfkp k`vbubfkfgp ̀ wivwzkigp-



0:

K`vbubfkf Kûh ;) 6 r > Kûhp :) 0)7) 5) <) 2) r

;4Pbgcjzk 04 #

@hmvzhi tiknkp) gmegzcgfkfgp r zgtkzk`bðm

pbpvgck fg zbgnh

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Zg`hig``bðm 054 054Ikjhzgp `wivwzkigp 54 54

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Ukihz vhvki k &04-444 ohzmki &;5-4:4-444 &;7-;:4-444Nzëeb`h :2- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp # Ckmh fg hjzk

Bmpwchp

Jkpëmfhpg gm zg`hcgmfk`bðm knzhmðcb`k) wm tk{wgvg jëpb`h cãmbch fg bmpwchp

tkzk ik tzhfw``bðm gm bmugzmkfgzh `hctwgpvh thz egzvbibkmvgp) bmpg`vb`bfkp)lgzjb`bfkp r ewmnb`bfkp pgzãk gi pbnwbgmvg-

Bmpwch Wmbfkf @kmvbfkf zg`hcgmfkfk

thz lg`vëzgk ( kûh

Tzg`bh Ukihz Vhvki

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Nzëeb`h 04- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp thz bmpwchp-

Bmpwchp? tzg`bhp lbpvðzb`hp

Tkzk kinwmhp fg ihp bmpwchp gp thpbjig hjpgzukz gi `hcthzvkcbgmvh lbpvðzb`h fgihp tzg`bhp {wg vbgmgm gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm ,Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk rFgpkzzhiih Zwzki) :4;;"- @hm gpvk bmehzck`bðm gp thpbjig hjpgzukz vgmfgm`bkp gmihp tzg`bhp r fg `wëigp pgzãkm pwp mbugigp gptgzkfhp gm wm ewvwzh- Kpã `hch twgfgmgm`hmvzkzpg wmkp kivkp uhikvbibfkfgp k`hctkûkfkp fg vgmfgm`bkp ki kik tzgpgmvgpgm ihp egzvbibkmvgp) vkcjbâm pg hjpgzukzhm wmhp tzg`bhp gpvkjigp r `hm vgmfgm`bk kik jkok gm ih {wg zgptg`vk k ewmnwb`bfkp) tiknwb`bfkp r lgzjb`bfkp-

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Fgjg vgmgzpg ̀ wbfkfh ki wpkz gpvg tzhfw`vh twgpvh {wg mh pg vzkvk fg wmktzhfw``bðm kcbnkjig `hm gi cgfbh kcjbgmvg- Cw`lkp fg ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigpphm kzugmpgp r mh pg igp twgfg ktib`kz gpvg tzhfw`vh



06

Nzëeb`h 0;- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg Egzvbibkmvg ;7#;7#;7 gmvzg OWM :445 # PGT :4;;

Gi egzvbibkmvg ;7#;7#;7 pg vzkvk fg wm `hctwgpvh jkikm`gkfh fg ihp vzgpck`zhmwvzbgmvgp tzbckzbhp `hch phm gi mbvzðngmh) thvkpbh r eðpehzh- Thpgg wmkvgmfgm`bk ki kik gm pw tzg`bh) `hm wm `kcjbh gpvzw`vwzki pbnmbeb`kvbuh gmvzgh`vwjzg fg :44< r h`vwjzg fg :442- @kcjbh {wg hjgfg`g gm tzbm`btbh k ik kivkfgckmfk fg ckvgzbkp tzbckp tzgpgmvkfk ki bmb`bh fg gpvg tgzbhfh thz ikp

g`hmhcãkp kpbëvb`kp) r iwgnh pw zgvhzmh k ihp mbugigp mhzckigp iwgnh fg ik `zbpbp fgr pwp `hmpg`wgm`bkp gm ik fgckmfk fg ihp Gpvkfhp Wmbfhp r Gwzhtk- Pw tzg`bh pgwjb`k lhr gm ihp &;644 tgphp thz abihnzkch-

Nzëeb`h 0:- Mbugi fg tzg`bh fg ewmnwb`bfk gmvzg GMG #:4;4 r PGT :4;;

@hm wmk vgmfgm`bk gpvkjig gm pw tzg`bh) `hm vgmfgm`bk fg`zg`bgmvg gm ihp ÿivbchpfhp kûhp- Gpvg ewmnwb`bfk wvbibkfh tkzk `hmvzhikz r tzgugmbz fg ehzck zgvzhk`vbuk

gi kukm`g fg Ugmvwzbk) Hfbh r hvzkp gmegzcgfkfgp gm ikp tikmvkp {wg wpkmbmugzmkfgzh pg wjb`k lhr gm wm mbugi `gz`kmh k ihp &;64-444 gi I-



07

Nzëeb`h 00- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg ewmnwb`bfk gmvzg OWI :44< # KNH :4;;

@hm wmk guhiw`bðm gpvkjig r vgmfgm`bk `zg`bgmvg) gpvg ewmnwb`bfk wvbibkfh gm iktzhvg``bðm fg pgcbiikp gm ngzcbmk`bðm) tiëmvwikp) kpã `hch ik tzhvg``bðm gm `kph fgbmeg``bhmgp r fkûhp `kwpkfhp thz lhmnhp) gi Tzgub`wz pg wjb`k lhr gm wm mbugi`gz`kmh k ihp &;44-444 thz Ibvzh-

Nzëeb`h 06- Mbugi fg tzg`bhp fg lgzjb`bfk gmvzg EGJ :442#PGT :4;;

@hm wmk vgmfgm`bk k ik jkok) gpvg lgzjb`bfk mh pgig`vbuh fg kctibh gptg`vzhfgpkzzhiikfh tkzk gi `hmvzhi fg lbgzjkp r kzjwpvhp pg wjb`k lhr gm wm mbugi fg&<444 gi Ibvzh-

Ckvgzbkigp

Wmk ug ikp tikmvkp gpvëm ibpvkp tkzk `hpg`lkzikp) pg lk`g mg`gpkzbh `hctzkz`kmkpvbiikp r lgzzkcbgmvkp tkzk pw `hig`vk- Twgfg `hmpbfgzkzpg gi ki{wbigz fg gpvkp`kmkpvbiikp h ikp lgzzkcbgmvkp `hch wmk ht`bðm tkzk zgfw`bz ihp `hpvhp) tgzh gm

gpvk `hmvkjbibk`bðm pg `hmpbfgzk pw `hctzk- Bmugzpbðm {wg pg gpvbck fgjgzgkibkzpg fg mwguh gm ihp kûhp 6 r >) `wkmfh gp mg`gpkzbh kf{wbzbz `kmkpvbiikp r



05

lgzzkcbgmvkp tkzk zggctikkz ikp {wg rk pg lkm fgvgzbhzkfh h vgzcbmkfh pw ubfkÿvbi-

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Nzëeb`h 07- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp thz ckvgzbkigp-

Hvzhp `hpvhp

G|bpvgm hvzhp `hcthmgmvgp fgi `hpvh) `hch gi kzzgmfkcbgmvh) kpbpvgm`bk vâ`mb`k rfg pgzub`bhp- Gpvh gp ik `hmpbfgzk`bðm fgi `hpvh fg hthzvwmbfkf fg kzzgmfkz givgzzgmh tkzk wm wph kivgzmkvbuh `hch hvzhp `wivbuhp) tkpvhzgh nkmkfh) w hvzh wphkivgzmkvbuh- Gpvg `hpvh pg gpvbck gm : cbiihmgp fg tgphp ki kûh- Vkcjbâm pg vbgmggm `wgmvk wm kpbpvgmvg vâ`mb`h thz &; cbiiðm fg tgphp1 pgzub`bhp tÿjib`hp `hchgmgznãk) k`wgfw`vh) ki`kmvkzbiikfh r `hcwmb`k`bhmgp ,vgiâehmh g bmvgzmgv")tzgpwtwgpvkfhp gm 6 cbiihmgp fg tgphp ki kûh-

@hm`gtvh Kûh ; Kûh m

Tzgtkzk`bðm fg pwgihp & ;->;4-47: & <;-60;

Bmugzpbhmgp & ;70-777-57: & 64->;7-7;6Tiëmvwikp & 72->20-204 & 4

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Nzëeb`h 05- Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp # Hvzhp `hpvhp



0>

Ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm thz abihnzkch fg tikmvk tzhfw`bfh pg `ki`wikm fgk`wgzfh ki zgmfbcbgmvh h tzhfw``bðm thz lg`vëzgk) {wg fgtgmfgzë fg ik g|tgzvb`bkfgi ̀ wivbukfhz) fg g|vgzmkibfkfgp ̀ ibcëvb`kp) tiknkp w hvzkp gugmvwkibfkfgp-

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Gpvbck`bðm fg bmnzgphp

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@hm gpvg kmëibpbp gp thpbjig fgvgzcbmkz `wëigp gptg`bgp phm zgmvkjigp) twgpvh {wg`wjzgm ki cgmhp ihp `hpvhp r vbgmgm wmk vkpk fg zgvhzmh-

@hm jkpg gm ihp tzg`bhp k`vwkigp) ikp gptg`bgp {wg phm tzhcbphzbkp h {wg vbgmgm wmkubkjbibfkf g`hmðcb`k phm?

Gptg`bg @hzvgp

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Nzëeb`h 0<- Gpvzw`vwzk fg bmnzgphp thz ̀ wivbuh-



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Fg k`wgzfh k ihp bmnzgphp hjvgmbfhp) pðih gi gpvzknðm pgzãk ik gptg`bg ubkjig pb pgvbgmg wmk gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp `hch ik `hmpvzwbfk cëp kzzbjk- Fg mwguh pg zgbvgzkik mg`gpbfkf fg zgkibkz wm gpvwfbh cëp tzhewmfh vkmvh tkzk geg`vbukcgmvgfgp`kzvkz wmk gptg`bg w hvzk fg ikp tzgpgmvkfkp) gpvh gp zgkibkz kowpvgp gm `wkmvh k`kmvbfkfgp fg bmpwchp) ohzmkigp r fgcëp `hm`gtvhp zg{wgzbfhp- Zgubpkz vkcjbâm

hvzkp gptg`bgp {wg thfzãkm pgz g|thzvkfkp-

Gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm ki kbzg ibjzg gm

Cgfgiiãm

Ih bfgki lwjbgpg pbfh ik `hmpvzw``bðm fg wmk gpvzw`vwzk fg `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðmpbcbikz k ik fg bmugzmkfgzh tkzk wmk pbvwk`bðm `hch ik {wg pg tzgpgmvk lhr gm ihp

`hzzgnbcbgmvhp- Gpvh gp tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp ki kbzg ibjzg- Gp mg`gpkzbh iigukz k`kjh ik tzhewmfbk`bðm fgi gpvwfbh gm gpvg kptg`vh-

Pbm gcjkznh gp thpbjig hjvgmgz pgûkigp fg wm gpvwfbh zgkibkfh gm ik WmbugzpbfkfMk`bhmki zgkibkfh thz Kzkmfk r Pëm`lg ’Kmëibpbp fg @hpvhp tkzk ik tzhfw``bðm fgpgbp gptg`bgp fg lbgzjkp kzhcëvb`kp gm @wmfbmkckz`k– ,Kzkmfk @kck`lh %Pëm`lg) :44>"- Tkzk gi cwmb`btbh fg Kmhikbck gm @wmfbmkckz`k) cwmb`btbh `hm`kzk`vgzãpvb`kp pbcbikzgp gm vgctgzkvwzk tzhcgfbh r kivbvwf {wg ikp tzgpgmvgp gm`hzzgnbcbgmvhp fgi Cwmb`btbh fg Cgfgiiãm) gm ebm`kp {wg tzhfw`gm lbgzjkpkzhcëvb`kp gm ̀ hmowmvh ̀ hm lhzvkibkp) ezwvkigp gmvzg hvzhp-



02

Gpvzknðm

Pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcth kjbgzvh)`hm :7 tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh-

;74 cbi tikmvkp thz lg`vëzgk- Pgzgkibkm 5 `hzvgp ki kûh) `kfk `hzvg fgkizgfgfhz fg 6 abihp tkzk wmktzhfw``bðm fg :7 vhmgikfkp kûh-

Ik ebm`k ugmfg k bmvgzcgfbkzbhp r`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp k &;:44 An- Pwpbmnzgphp phm fg &0; cbiihmgp- Pwp`hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm phm fg &:<cbiihmgp- Tkzk wmk wvbibfkf fg 0cbiihmgp fg tgphp kûh thz lg`vëzgk-

Cgmvk

Pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcth kjbgzvh) `hm:7 tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh- Pgzgkibkm > `hzvgp kûh) `hm wmzgmfbcbgmvh fg 00 vhm- Gi tzg`bh fgugmvk k bmvgzcgfbkzbhp r`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp gp fg &;444 An- Ih{wg ngmgzk bmnzgphp fg &00 cbiihmgp

kûh- Ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðmkp`bgmfgm k &0; cbiihmgp- Thz ih {wg ikwvbibfkf thz lg`vëzgk `kfk kûh gp fg :cbiihmgp fg tgphp-

Kijklk`k

Pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcth kjbgzvh) `hm :7 tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh- Pgtzhnzkckm 6 `hzvgp ki kûh tkzk wmk tzhfw``bðm fg ;; vhm- Gi tzg`bh fg ugmvk gmebm`k kp`bgmfg k &;>44 tgphp gi abihnzkch) ih {wg ngmgzk bmnzgphp thz &;<)>cbiihmgp fg tgphp- Ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm kp`bgmfgm k :4 cbiihmgp- Thz ih {wg gi`wivbuh kzzhok tâzfbfkp thz : cbiihmgp fg tgphp-



64

Vhcbiih

Pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcth kjbgzvh) `hm :7tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh- Pg tzhnzkckm 5

`hzvgp ki kûh) tkzk wmk tzhfw``bðm fg :< vhm- Gitzg`bh fg ugmvk gp fg &;744 An) ih {wg ngmgzkbmnzgphp thz 6: cbiihmgp fg tgphp thz kûh gm `kfklg`vëzgk fg `wivbuh- Ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðmkp`bgmfgm k 05 cbiihmgp fg tgphp) ngmgzkmfhg|`gfgmvgp thz 5 cbiihmgp fg tgphp `kfk kûh-

Zhcgzh

Pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcth kjbgzvh) `hm ;0 tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh- Wmktzhfw``bðm vhvki fg :> vhm ki kûh) zgkibkmfh < `hzvgp- Gi tzg`bh fg ugmvk gm ikebm`k gp fg &;:44(An) ngmgzkmfh bmnzgphp thz 0:)6 cbiihmgp fg tgphp- Ihp `hpvhpg`hmðcb`hp kp`bgmfgm k :5); cbiihmgp) ngmgzkmfh wvbibfkfgp gmvhm`gp thz &5cbiihmgp vzgp`bgmvhp cbi tgphp thz lg`vëzgk `kfk kûh-

Hzânkmh

Gpvg `wivbuh gp gi cëp kvzk`vbuh fg vhfhp- @hm wm pbpvgck tzhfw`vbuh k `kcthkjbgzvh) ;0 tikmvkp thz cgvzh `wkfzkfh) wmk tzhfw``bðm fg :5 vhm ki kûhzgkibkmfh 7 `hzvgp- Gi tzg`bh fg ugmvk gm ebm`k gp fg &;744 tgphp thz An)ngmgzkmfh bmnzgphp thz 02 cbiihmgp fg tgphp- Ihp `hpvhp g`hmðcb`hp kp`bgmfgm k:5 cbiihmgp) ih {wg kzzhok wmk wvbibfkf fg ;0 cbiihmgp fg tgphp thz lg`vëzgk ki kûh-

Klhzk jbgm- Fgjg vgmgzpg `wbfkfh phjzg ih {wg wmk bckngm vgcthzki kzzhok- Gpmg`gpkzbh zgubpkz) `hch pg zgkibð gm gi ktkzvkfh kmvgzbhz) `wëigp phm ikpvgmfgm`bkp vkmvh gm ihp `hpvhp fg tzhfw``bðm) `hch ik ukzbkjbibfkf fg ihp tzg`bhp kihp `wëigp gp ugmfbfk ik tzhfw``bðm- Wm kmëibpbp cëp tzhewmfh kpã `hch kowpvkfh kihp tkzëcgvzhp {wg kzzhog ik ̀ bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm gm pwp ̀ hzzgnbcbgmvhp-

@hch ̀ hmìwpbhmgp fg gpvg gpvwfbh zgkibkfh gm @wmfbmkckz`k pg hjvwuh {wg?

Pb jbgm pg vzkvk fg pbpvgckp k `kcth kjbgzvh) gpvkp phm bmugzpbhmgpzgikvbukcgmvg kivkp gm gi kûh ;- Phm tg{wgûkp `hctkzkfkp ikp bmugzpbhmgp{wg zg{wbgzg wm bmugzmkfgzh) tgzh pbm gcjkznh pbnwgm pbgmfhpbnmbeb`kvbukp-

Phm pbpvgckp fg kivk tzhfw`vbubfkf thz lg`vëzgk- Mh wpkm bmugzmkfgzhptgzh phm vg`mbeb`kfkp- Vbgmgm ik kpbpvgm`bk vâ`mb`k zg{wgzbfk-

Mh gp ìkzh `hch gp gi pbpvgck fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm gm ih {wg zgptg`vk k ik

`hmebkjbibfkf fg gm`hmvzkz wm `hctzkfhz tkzk vhfk ik tzhfw``bðm-



6;

Kigoëmfhpg fg wm tzhjigck fg tzg`bhp) pg tzgpgmvk gm h`kpbhmgppbctigcgmvg gi ̀ kph fg {wg mh lkr {wbgm `hctzg ik tzhfw``bðm-

Gi cgz`kfh g|vgzmh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp

Tgzebi g|thzvkfhz

Wmk fg ikp gpvzkvgnbkp tkzk bm`zgcgmvkz gi `wivbuh r wph fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gmik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm `hmpbpvg gm kubhzkz h vgmgz wm tkmhzkck fg ikp tikmvkp {wgpg g|thzvkm) k {wg tzg`bhp r {wg uhiÿcgmgp pg `hcgz`bkibkm- Vkcjbâm twgfgzgubpkzpg ikp bcthzvk`bhmgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp `hch wmk hthzvwmbfkf fgpwpvbvw`bðm) pwogvh k ikp `hmfb`bhmgp fg `wivbuh mg`gpkzbkp tkzk `kfk tikmvk-Zgpvzb``bðm {wg pgzë fgvgzcbmkfk thz wm bmngmbgzh knzðmhch h {wbgm lknk pwp

ug`gp-Gm tzbm`btbh gp mg`gpkzbh fgvgzcbmkz `wëigp pgzëm ikp tkzvbfkp kzkm`gikzbkp k`hmpbfgzkz tkzk gi kmëibpbp fgi tgzebi g|thzvkfhz fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm@hihcjbk- K `hmvbmwk`bðm pg zgik`bhmkm ikp tkzvbfkp wvbibkfkp) pg pgig``bhmkzhm ikp{wg k `zbvgzbh fgi kwvhz) pwthmgm ik `hzzgpthmfgm`bk k tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp {wg pgbfgmvbeb`kzhm ̀ hch tzhfw`bfkp gm Cgfgiiãm-

Gm `wkmvh k ikp gpvkfãpvb`kp gm`hmvzkchp {wg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg tikmvkp tkzk wphekzck`âwvb`h lkm `zg`bfh fg ehzck pwpvkm`bki k wmk vkpk fgi ;; ' kmwki- Cëp {wgvhfh bctwipkfhp thz gi ̀ zg`bcbgmvh gm ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg tikmvkp ̀ wibmkzbkp-

Gi cgz`kfh bmvgzmk`bhmki fg tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp r cgfb`bmkigp gp wm cgz`kfhcwivbtzhfw`vh cwr fbugzpbeb`kfh- Ih {wg mh ig tgzcbvg pgz `hmpbfgzkfh `hch wmcgz`kfh fg tzhfw`vh jëpb`h h vzkfb`bhmki `hch ih gp ik phrk) gi ckã h gi `keâ-G|bpvgm cÿivbtigp tkãpgp hegzgmvgp r fgckmfkmvgp) gm pw nzkm ckrhzãk `hmtzgpgm`bk fg cwivbmk`bhmkigp fg ihp pg`vhzgp `hpcâvb`h) kibcgmvhp ,pkjhzgp rkzhckp") ekzck`âwvb`k) gmvzg hvzhp pg`vhzgp) ih {wg ih lk`g cwr kvzk`vbuh thz giuhiwcgm fg mgnh`bhp {wg ckmgokm) tgzh k pw ug ih lk`g wm cgz`kfh cwr `hctigohtkzk gi k``gph-



6:

Tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk? 4>42242444

Fgp`zbt`bðm? Ikp fgcëp lhzvkibkp) ezgp`kp h zgezbngzkfkp

Nzëeb`h 02- Ukihz gm fðikzgp ,iãmgk `hmvãmwk" r uhiwcgm fg g|thzvk`bhmgp ,jkzzkp" fg lhzvkibkp) ezgp`kp h zgezbngzkfkp gmvg ;22; r :4;;

Nzëeb`h 6;- Tzg`bhp tzhcgfbh fg ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp fg lhzvkibkp) ezgp k̀p h zgezbngzkfkp- ;22; # :4;;

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60

Tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk? 424<044444

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66

Tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk? 4242744444

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Tkzvbfk kzkm`gikzbk? 42;4644444

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74

Iãmgkp gpvzkvânb`kp tkzk ik thvgm`bkibk`bðm fg tikmvkp

cgfb`bmkigp gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm

Pg fgjg jwp`kz chpvzkz ik ubkjbibfkf fg fgpkzzhiih phpvgmbjig gm ihp `hzzgnbcbgmvhpfg Cgfgiiãm- Tikmvgkmfh mh pðih gmezgmvkz tzhjigckp `hch thz gogctih ik ekivk fgbmnzgphp) pbmh fg ktzhug`lkz ikp thvgm`bkibfkfgp fg ik hmk) `hch gp pw `gz`kmãk kkgzhtwgzvhp) k ik cbpck `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm r gi Hzbgmvg Kmvbh{wgûh) h ik tzgpgm`bkfg wm ewgzvg ìÿpvgz fg ik pkiwf gm ik `bwfkf- Vkcjbâm hvzkp thpbjigp ugmvkokp `hchik bmezkgpvzw`vwzk fg vzkmpthzvg fbpthmbjig) ek`vhzgp ìbcëvb`hp pb pg `hctkzk `hmhvzkp ikvbvwfgp h thz gogctih gi kvzk`vbuh vwzãpvb`h fg Pkmvk Gigmk gm âth`kp `hchEgzbk fg Eihzgp-

Vkcjbâm gp mg`gpkzbh jwp`kz wmk kngmfk ih`ki thz `hzzgnbcbgmvh) fhmfg pg tikpcgwmk tikmbeb`k`bðm cb`zh zgnbhmki fg fgpkzzhiih zwzki) hzbgmvkfh ki cgohzkcbgmvh fg

ik `kibfkf fg ubfk- Ezgmvg k gpvh pg fgjg `hmpbfgzkz gi kthpvkz thz gi ibfgzknh fgihp nhjbgzmhp ih`kigp) gi Cwmb`btbh fg Cgfgiiãm) tgzh k`hctkûkfh fg ihp`bwfkfkmhp {wg lkjbvkm gi iwnkz {wg pgkm tg{wgûhp gctzgmfgfhzgp ih`kigp-

Gpvk tzhtwgpvk fg kngmfk ih`ki thz `hzzgnbcbgmvh) ik tzhtwgpvk `hch vki fgjgjkpkzpg gm wmk ubpbðm fg `kzë`vgz bmvgnzki) `hmpvzwbfk thz ik thjik`bðm r ehzcwikfkgm vâzcbmhp fg tikmbeb`k`bðm gpvzkvânb`k) pwpvgmvkfk gm ikp thvgm`bkibfkfgp rhthzvwmbfkfgp fg `kfk `hzzgnbcbgmvh- Gp wm gzzhz thz gogctih fgpvbmkz zg`wzphp kik `hmpvzw``bðm fg wmk tikmvk tzh`gpkfhzk fg tikmvkp) wm tzh`gph fg pg`kfh) pb mhpg bmvgnzk gpvg gpewgzh k vhfk ik `kfgmk fg tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm- Gpvh gpfgpfg ikp jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fg pbgcjzk) kjhmh r `hmvzhi fg tiknkp) lkpvk ikgpvzkvgnbk cgfbkmvg ik {wg gi tzhfw`vh gp ugmfbfh-

Gm gpvg twmvh gp {wg bmnzgpk k ownkz wm tktgi ewmfkcgmvki ik `zgkvbubfkf r ikbmmhuk`bðm- Tkzvbgmfh fg ikp vg`mhihnãkp k`vwkigp) ibfgzkfhp thz gi Cwmb`btbh fgCgfgiiãm pg fgjg zg`wtgzkz r kzvb`wikz wmk tzhtwgpvk fg knzhg`hihnãk) h `wivbuhhznëmb`h pkmh `hch cg`kmbpch tkzk fbegzgm`bkzpg gm gi cgz`kfh fg ikp fgcëpht`bhmgp `hch `hctkûãkp ekzck`âwvb`kp r pwp tzhfw`vhp pb pg vzkvkpg fgi cgz`kfhih`ki- H `hch wmk gpvzkvgnbk fg ckz`k r tzh`gph fg tzhfw``bðm {wg pg g|bngm gmihp cgz`kfhp bmvgzmk`bhmkigp k ik lhzk fg g|thzvkz ,Jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fgckmwek`vwzk) tzhlbjb`bðm gm gi wph fg tiknwb`bfkp h ewmnwb`bfkp"-

Ihp tzhfw`vhp fgjgm ugzpg fgpfg wmk tgzptg`vbuk bmmhukfhzk) fhmfg pg jwp{wg mhpðih tzhfw`bzig r ugmfgzig) pbmh knzgnkzig ukihz- Gm ihp pbvbhp fg `hcgz̀ bkibk`bðmthz gogctih) rk pg gpvë jwp`kmfh cbnzkz fgpfg wm tzhfw`vh ezgp`h g|twgpvh {wgtbgzfg pwp `wkibfkfgp `hm zktbfg) lk`bk wmk gpvzkvgnbk fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fhmfgikp tikmvkp phm gctk`kfkp) vbgmgm wmk gvb{wgvk `hm pw mhcjzg) ik eg`lk) gi wph fg iktikmvk r ehzck fg tzgtkzk`bðm- Gpvk thfzãk pgz wmk gpvzkvgnbk k gctigkz thz ihptzhfw`vhzgp gm ihp `hzzgnbcbgmvhp tkzk gubvkz gi bmvgzcgfbkzbh fg ik tikk fgcgz`kfh) h tkzk thpb`bhmkz wmk ckz`k kiiã-

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7;

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mgnh`bk`bðm k ik lhzk fg `hm`zgvkz ikp ugmvkp gm gi cgz`kfh bmvgzmk`bhmki-

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hezg`gm ikp bmpvbvw`bhmgp nwjgzmkcgmvkigp k hvzhp `wivbuhp) h cgfbkmvg pgnwzhp r`wjzbcbgmvhp ezgmvg k `kcjbhp kjzwtvhp gm gi vbth fg `kcjbh h ek`vhzgp ìbcëvb`hp{wg keg`vgm ik `hpg`lk- Gp cwr bcthzvkmvg gi `hmvkz `hm wmk gpvzkvgnbk fg ngpvbðmfgi zbgpnh-

Ik thjik`bðm fgjg pgmvbz gi tzhrg`vh `hch pwrh- Mh fgjg bmvzhfw`bzpg ik bfgk k ikewgzk) h `hm bm`gmvbuhp {wg iigugm k wmk k`vbvwf fg ik|bvwf ezgmvg k ihp zg`wzphp{wg iignkpgm ki tzhrg`vh tzhfw`vbuh `hch vki fg tkzvg fgi Cwmb`btbh fg Cgfgiiãm-Gp bcthzvkmvg gctigkz ikp vg`mhihnãkp fg ik bmehzck`bðm r ik `hcwmb`k`bðm ‖VB@‒p‖ tkzk fkzig ubpbjbibfkf k ihp gctzgmfbcbgmvhp {wg pg fgpkzzhiigm- Ihpfgcëp thjikfhzgp fgjgm ugz `ðch wmk bfgk fg mgnh`bh `hch gpvk twgfg tzhuggz

wmk vkpk fg zgmvkjbibfkf k wm zbgpnh zkhmkjig-

Gp ewmfkcgmvki {wg ik ngmvg ’vgmnk gi pkzvâm thz gi ckmnh–- Fgjg jwp`kzpgvzkjkokz `hm thjik`bðm hznkmbkfk- Pb jbgm ik tzhtbgfkf gp bmfbubfwki) fgjbfh k {wggm ngmgzki pg vzkvk fg cbmbewmfbhp) ik ngmvg fgjg hznkmbkzpg tkzk hezg`gz kicgz`kfh fg ehzck kph`bkfk-

Ik kpgphzãk vâ`mb`k) ebmkm`bgzk r kpgphzãk owgnk wm tktgi ewmfkcgmvki tkzk ihptzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp {wg {wbgzkm ehzvkig`gzpg- Gm pw ckrhzãk mg`gpbvkm kfhtvkzcgohzgp vâ`mb`kp fg tzhfw``bðm) tzhtknk`bðm) tzgtkzk`bðm fg ik vbgzzk) `hmvzhi fgtiknkp) r tzgpgmvk`bðm tkzk ik `hcgz`bkibk`bðm- Vkcjbâm pg mg`gpbvk {wg mbugigm

pwp tzë`vb`kp fg zgnbpvzh r `hmvzhi fg bmnzgphp r nkpvhp fg vki ehzck {wgbfgmvbeb{wgm ikp pgûkigp fg tâzfbfk h nkmkm`bk) `hm wm tikh fg vbgcth zkhmkjig rihp tzhrg`vhp tzhfw`vbuhp {wg iigukm k ̀ kjh mh vgzcbmgm thz ckz`lbvkzpg-

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7:

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Ebmkm`bkcbgmvh r @hjgzvwzk fg Zbgpnhp;;

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Ih tzbcgzh {wg fgjg pkjgz gp {wg twgfg k`wfbz k ihp fbegzgmvgp jkm`hp fgi tkãp tkzk

phib`bvkz wmk `kmvbfkf fg fbmgzh gm tzâpvkch- Kiiã pg k`wgzfk wmk ehzck fg tknh) wmhp

bmvgzgpgp r gi vbgcth gm gi {wg pg uk k tknkz- Gpvh gp ih {wg pg fgmhcbmk wm . ̀ zâfbvh. -

Wm @zâfbvh Knzhtg`wkzbh gp gi {wg jzbmfkm ikp gmvbfkfgp ebmkm`bgzkp tkzk fgpkzzhiikz tzhrg`vhp

fg tzhfw``bðm) `hcgz`bkibk`bðm r vzkmpehzck`bðm fg jbgmgp fg hzbngm knzã`hik) tg`wkzbh) ehzgpvki) tgp{wgzh r(h k`wã`hik-

Ik gmvbfkf {wg pg gm`kznk fg gpvhp `zâfbvhp gm @hihcjbk gp gi Ehmfh tkzk gi

Ebmkm`bkcbgmvh fgi Pg`vhz Knzhtg`wkzbh EBMKNZH ) {wg tzhugg zg`wzphp) nkzkmvãkp g

bm`gmvbuhp k ihp gctzgpkzbhp zwzkigp k vzkuâp fg ikp gmvbfkfgp ebmkm`bgzkp tkzk gi

fgpkzzhiih fg ik tzhfw``bðm) `hcgz`bkibk`bðm r vzkmpehzck`bðm fg jbgmgp fg hzbngm

knzhtg`wkzbh- Pg vzkvk fg wm jkm`h fg pgnwmfh tbph) thz ih {wg wpvgf `hch tzhfw`vhz

fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp mh thfzë k`wfbz k EBMKNZH phib`bvkmfh gi `zâfbvh) fgjg lk`gzih

k vzkuâp fg wm bmvgzcgfbkzbh ebmkm`bgzh-

;;

Bmehzck`bðm tzhubpvk thz gi Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r Fgpkzzhiih Zwzki gm pw’@kzvbiik fg thiãvb`k knzhtg`wkzbk :4;4#:4;6–- ,Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk rFgpkzzhiih Zwzki) :4;4"k



70

Thz cgfbh fg `wki{wbgz gmvbfkf jkm`kzbk) wpvgf twgfg k``gfgz k ihp `zâfbvhp) nkzkmvãkp g bm`gmvbuhp `hm zg`wzphp EBMKNZH- Thz ih vkmvh) gpvk gmvbfkf k vzkuâp fg

ihp jkm`hp tzgpvk gi fbmgzh {wg mg`gpbvkm ihp tzhfw`vhzgp knzhtg`wkzbhp) `hm ikp

`hmfb`bhmgp {wg cëp pg kowpvgm k pwp mg`gpbfkfgp-

EBMKNZH bctwipk gi fgpkzzhiih zwzki thz cgfbh fg ihp Jkm`hp h gmvbfkfgp ebmkm`bgzkp gm

gpvkp ëzgkp fg fgpkzzhiih

Fgpkzzhiih ̀ hcgz`bki r knzhbmfwpvzbki

Bmugzpbhmgp tkzk ik `hcgz`bkibk`bðm r vzkmpehzck`bðm fg ckvgzbkp tzbckpknzhtg`wkzbkp r k`vbubfkfgp fg kthrh `hch `ktbvki fg vzkjkoh) bmezkgpvzw`vwzk)ck{wbmkzbk r g{wbthp- Cw`lkp tgzphmkp twgfgm k``gfgz k wm `zâfbvh knzhtg`wkzbh) cbzg ig `wgmvh?

Ihp tg{wgûhp tzhtbgvkzbhp) tg{wgûhp tzhfw`vhzgp h kzzgmfkvkzbhp fg vbgzzk )gp fg`bz) ikp tgzphmkp {wg fgpkzzhiikm k`vbubfkfgp knzhtg`wkzbkp r `wrhp jbgmgp mhpwckm cëp fg &76-<46-65;-

Ikp cwogzgp zwzkigp fg jkohp bmnzgphp) `kjgk fg ekcbibk r {wg fgcwgpvzgm {wgik pwck fg pwp jbgmgp tkzk gi kûh mh pwtgzk ik `bezk fg &0<-050-;:0-

Ihp cgfbkmhp tzhfw`vhzgp) {wg phm tgzphmkp {wg fgpkzzhiikm k`vbubfkfgpknzhtg`wkzbkp r tkzk ihp {wg ik pwck fg pwp jbgmgp gpvë gmvzg &76-<46-65; r&6-252-444-444-



76

Ihp nzkmfgp tzhfw`vhzgp) {wg phm ihp {wg fgpkzzhiikm k`vbubfkfgp knzhtg`wkzbkpr ̀ wrhp jbgmgp vbgmgm wm ukihz pwtgzbhz k &6-252-444-444-

Ikp Cb`zh) tg{wgûkp r cgfbkmkp gctzgpkp h CBTRCG ) {wg phm gctzgpkp {wgfgpkzzhiikm k`vbubfkfgp zwzkigp) ̀ hm k`vbuhp bmegzbhzgp k &;0-4;;-444-444-

@wkmfh wpvgf phib`bvk wm tzâpvkch k `wki{wbgz jkm`h h gmvbfkf ebmkm`bgzk tkzk fgpkzzhiikz pw

tzhrg`vh tzhfw`vbuh tknkmfh ik bmugzpbðm gm `whvkp) gi `hpvh h bmvgzâp fg tgfbz gpvhp zg`wzphp

ukzãkm fgtgmfbgmfh fgi vbth fg tzhfw`vhz {wg wpvgf pgk-

Gp fg`bz) pb wpvgf gp wm tg{wgûh tzhfw`vhz fgjg tknkz wm bmvgzâp fbegzgmvg ki {wg

tknkm ihp nzkmfgp tzhfw`vhzgp- Kfgcëp) pb pg kph`bk `hm hvzhp tzhfw`vhzgp tkzk tgfbz

wm `zâfbvh) gmvhm`gp gi bmvgzâp {wg fgjg tknkz gp bmegzbhz ki {wg tknkm ihp tzhfw`vhzgp

fg ckmgzk bmfbubfwki-

Thz gph gp bcthzvkmvg vgmgz gm `wgmvk {wg ik vkpk fg bmvgzâp twgfg ukzbkz fwzkmvg gi tikh {wg wpvgf vbgmg tkzk tknkz pw `zâfbvh) thz{wg fgtgmfg fg ik FVE-

Ik FVE gp wmk vkpk {wg twjib`k gi Jkm`h fg ik Zgtÿjib`k pgckmkicgmvg r pg wpk `hch

nwãk) pg vzkvk fg wmk vkpk {wg tzhcgfbk `wëmvh gpvëm tknkmfh ihp jkm`hp gm @FV-

@wkmfh wpvgf phib`bvk wm `zâfbvh knzhtg`wkzbh ik vkpk fg bmvgzâp {wg ig `hzzgpthmfg

pgnÿm gi vbth fg tzhfw`vhz {wg wpvgf gp) gp ik pbnwbgmvg?

Cwogzgp zwzkigp? FVE ,GK" ! 6 tkzk `zâfbvhp `hm tikhp bmegzbhzgp k ,;4"kûhp

Tg{wgûhp tzhfw`vhzgp bmfbubfwkigp r `hcwmbfkfgp mgnzkp? FVE ,GK"!5 Tg{wgûhp tzhfw`vhzgp kph`bkfhp? FVE ,GK" !6 Hvzhp tzhfw`vhzgp kph`bkfhp? FVE ,GK" ! > Hvzhp tzhfw`vhzgp bmfbubfwkigp? FVE ,GK" !;4 Thjik`bðm gm `hmfb`bðm fg fgptikkcbgmvh h zgbmpgz`bðm bmfbubfwkigp

h kph`bkfhp? FVE ,GK" !:

Wpvgf twgfg jgmgeb`bkzpg vkmvh fg wm @zâfbvh Bmfbubfwki `hch fg wm @zâfbvh Kph`bkvbuh ) cbzg ig g|tib`h?

Gi @zâfbvh Bmfbubfwki gp gi {wg pg hvhznk k wmk phik tgzphmk tkzk gi fgpkzzhiih fg wm

tzhrg`vh tzhfw`vbuh knzhtg`wkzbh r gi @zâfbvh Kph`bkvbuh gp gi {wg pg hezg`g k nzwthp fg tg{wgûhp r cgfbkmhp tzhfw`vhzgp {wg pg kph`bgm tkzk fgpkzzhiikz wmk

k`vbubfkf tzhfw`vbuk-

Ik kph`bk`bðm pg fgjg lk`gz k vzkuâp fg wm bmvgnzkfhz) {wg {wbgzg fg`bz kizgfgfhz fg

knzgcbk`bhmgp) kph`bk`bhmgp h `hhtgzkvbukp) gctzgpkp `hcgz`bkibkfhzkp) ki`kifãkp)

nhjgzmk`bhmgp h ehmfhp fg ehcgmvh-



77

Kph`bkzpg vbgmg cw`lkp ugmvkokp) `hch thz gogctih?

Jkokp vkpkp fg bmvgzâp- K``gph k ihp tzhnzkckp gptg`bkigp fg EBMKNZH- Pg twgfgm kf{wbzbz bmpwchp r pgzub`bhp cëp jkzkvhp- Cgohzk ik tzhfw`vbubfkf- K``gph k kpgphzãkp vâ`mb`kp- Ckrhzgp ek`bibfkfgp tkzk ik ugmvk fg pw tzhfw``bðm-

Bmugpvbnk`bðm) Bmmhuk`bðm r Vzkmpegzgm`bk Vg`mhiðnb`k

Gpvg kthrh jwp`k {wg ihp knzb`wivhzgp kfhtvgm mwgukp vg`mhihnãkp gm pwp pbpvgckpfg tzhfw``bðm) k tkzvbz fg ihp zgpwivkfhp fg ikp bmugpvbnk`bhmgp {wg pg zgkibkm kvzkuâp fg Bmpvbvw`bhmgp `hch @HZTHB@K r gi Ehmfh @hm`wzpki tkzk Bmugpvbnk`bðm rFgpkzzhiih Vg`mhiðnb`h-

@HZTHB@K) zgkibk k`vbubfkfgp fg bmugpvbnk`bðm r fgpkzzhiih tkzk ik ngmgzk`bðm fg

mwguhp tzhfw`vhp r pbpvgckp {wg kvbgmfkm ikp mg`gpbfkfgp fg ik tzhfw``bðmmk`bhmki-



75

K vzkuâp fgi Ehmfh @hm`wzpki tkzk Bmugpvbnk`bðm r Fgpkzzhiih Vg`mhiðnb`h) pg`hebmkm`bkm k`vbubfkfgp fg bmugpvbnk`bðm hzbgmvkfkp k pkvbpek`gz ikp mg`gpbfkfgpvâ`mb`kp fg ikp `kfgmkp tzhfw`vbukp r fg ikp zgnbhmgp- Gm gpvg ehmfh tkzvb`btkmWmbugzpbfkfgp) @hzthzk`bhmgp Cb|vkp) @gmvzhp fg Bmugpvbnk`bðm r fgpkzzhiih

vg`mhiðnb`h) gctzgpkp tzbukfkp) nzgcbhp r kph`bk`bhmgp fgtzhfw`vhzgp knzhtg`wkzbhp r knzhbmfwpvzbkigp-

Ig `wgmvh kfgcëp {wg gi Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r Fgpkzzhiih Zwzki tkzkehzvkig`gz gpvg pgzub`bh lk `hmphibfkfh ihp @gmvzhp Tzhubm`bkigp fg Ngpvbðm Knzhgctzgpkzbki # @TNK) k fhmfg wpvgf twgfg fbzbnbzpg tkzk {wg ig fgm kpbpvgm`bkvâ`mb`k r kthrh gm ik tikmgk`bðm fg tzhrg`vhp) ckmgoh fg ebmkmkp) cgz`kfgh r wphfg pbpvgckp fg bmehzck`bðm-

Ckmgoh Pkmbvkzbh r Ebvhpkmbvkzbh

@hch ihp tzhfw`vhp ukm k pgz ugmfbfhp k hvzhp tkãpgp gp bcthzvkmvg {wg `kfk wmh fg

giihp `wctik `hm ihp zg{wbpbvhp pkmbvkzbhp bmvgzmk`bhmkigp) tkzk giih pg `zgð gi Pbpvgck

fg Cgfbfkp Pkmbvkzbkp r Ebvhpkmbvkzbkp ‖CPE‖) gi `wki kpgnwzk ik tzhvg``bðm fg ik

pkiwf tÿjib`k r ik pkmbfkf knzhtg`wkzbk-

Wpvgf vkcjbâm twgfg `hmvkz `hm gi kthrh fgi PGMK r `ktk`bvkzpg k vzkuâp fg ihp `wzphp

{wg hezg`g tkzk kpgnwzkzpg {wg pw tzhfw``bðm pbnwg `hm ikp jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp knzã`hikp-

Vkcjbâm ig `wgmvh) {wg gi nhjbgzmh kthrk k bmpvbvw`bhmgp `hch gi B@K) {wg gpvëgm`kznkfk fg ubnbikz r `hmvzhikz ihp tzhfw v̀hp mk`bhmkigp {wg ukm ki g|vgzbhz kpã `hchihp {wg pg bcthzvkm r fbpvzbjwrgm gm gi tkãp) gmvzg ihp {wg vkcjbâm pg gm`wgmvzkm ihpbmpwchp r pgcbiikp knzhtg`wkzbkp

Ikp k``bhmgp {wg pg mg`gpbvkm tkzk kpgnwzkz wm jwgm Ckmgoh Pkmbvkzbh rEbvhpkmbvkzbh phm?

Gukiwk`bðm fg Zbgpnh? Gukiwk`bhmgp fgi ckmgoh pkmbvkzbh fg `kfk tzhfw`vhg|thzvkjig) rk {wg gp wmh fg ihp zg{wbpbvhp tkzk {wg âpvhp twgfkm pgzugmfbfhp k hvzhp tkãpgp-

Ngpvbðm fg Zbgpnh? K``bhmgp fg `hmvzhi r tzgugm`bðm) zgik`bhmkfkp `hm ik`kibfkf fg ihp zg`wzphp mkvwzkigp) ihp bmpwchp knzhtg`wkzbhp) ik pkmbfkfkmbcki) ugngvki) ihp zgnbpvzhp) ib`gm`bkp r ubnbikm`bk gtbfgcbhiðnb`k) gmvzghvzhp-

@hcwmb`k`bðm fgi Zbgpnh? Fgpkzzhiik gpvzkvgnbkp fbzbnbfkp k cgohzkz ikpcgfbfkp pkmbvkzbkp gm ik k`vbubfkf knzhtg`wkzbk-

Ngpvbðm fg Kfcbpbjbibfkf Pkmbvkzbk gm ihp Cgz`kfhp Bmvgzmk`bhmkigp?Tzh`gph {wg pg zgkibk `hm gi ebm fg {wg ikp ehzckp fg gukiwk`bðm) `hmvzhi rubnbikm`bk fg ihp tzhfw`vhp g|thzvkjigp pgkm `gzvbeb`kfkpbmvgzmk`bhmkicgmvg- Pg zgkibk tzbm`btkicgmvg k vzkuâp fgi B@K r fgi

BMUBCK-



7>

Fgpkzzhiih fg Cgz`kfhp-

Gpvg kthrh tgzcbvg kpgnwzkz k ihp tzhfw`vhp mk`bhmkigp wm bctk`vh ekuhzkjig gm gicgz`kfh g|vgzmh) nkzkmvbkmfh {wg gi ukihz fg ugmvk ngmgzg nkmkm`bkp) ki bnwki {wgtzh`wzk zgfw`bz ihp `hpvhp {wg bctib`k gi mgnh`bh fg ik g|thzvk`bðm- Vkcjbâm igjzbmfk ik bmehzck`bðm mg`gpkzbk tkzk {wg wpvgf `hmh`k ihp tzg`bhp fg pwp

tzhfw`vhp gm ihp tzbm`btkigp cgz`kfhp-

Ikp iãmgkp fg k``bðm {wg ckmgok gpvk lgzzkcbgmvk phm?

K`vbubfkfgp fg Tzhch`bðm) `hch `kctkûkp twjib`bvkzbkp) ubpbvkp k thpbjigpìbgmvgp) tkzvb`btk`bðm gm egzbkp r kpgphzãkp fg g|tgzvhp) tkzk {wg ihptzhfw`vhp vgmnkm wmk g|`gigmvg tkzvb`btk`bðm gm ihp cgz`kfhpbmvgzmk`bhmkigp-

@hcgz`bkibkfhzk Bmvgzmk`bhmki fg Tzhfw`vhp Lhzvhezwvã`hikp) tkzk {wg ihp

tg{wgûhp r cgfbkmhp tzhfw`vhzgp) twgfkm g|thzvkz pwp ezwvkp r lhzvkibkp- Tzhnzkck fg Tzhuggfwzãk Hznkmbkfk) tkzk jzbmfkz hzbgmvk`bðm r

k`hctkûkcbgmvh gm ih {wg vbgmg {wg ugz `hm pbpvgckp fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðmbmvgzmk`bhmki fg ihp fbegzgmvgp tzhfw`vhp knzhtg`wkzbhp r knzhbmfwpvzbkigp-

Ehzvkig`bcbgmvh fg ihp Pbpvgckp fg Bmehzck`bðm) tkzk tzhchugz) ek`bibvkz rchfgzmbkz gi wph fg ihp pbpvgckp fg bmehzck`bðm fgi pg`vhz zwzki) vgmbgmfhgm ̀ wgmvk ikp mg`gpbfkfgp fg ihp tzhfw`vhzgp knzhtg`wkzbhp-

Tzhnzkck fg Ngpvbðm fg @kibfkf) tkzk tzhchugz ikp kph`bk`bhmgp fg

tzhfw`vhzgp r gmvbfkfgp fg bmugpvbnk`bðm {wg vzkjkogm gm tzhnzkckp fgkthrh r `ktk`bvk`bðm gm `gzvbeb`k`bðm fg `kibfkf) tkzk {wg `wctikm `hm ikpmhzckp g|bnbfkp bmvgzmk`bhmkicgmvg-

@hmphibfkz ik ngpvbðm fg ikp `kfgmkp tzhfw`vbukp) k`hctkûkmfh ihptzh`gphp fg tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg ihp tzhfw`vhp {wgfgcwgpvzgm pgz cëp `hctgvbvbuhp h {wg vgmnkm ckrhzgp thpbjbibfkfgp fg`zg`gz gm ihp cgz`kfhp bmvgzmk`bhmkigp-

Knzh mgnh`bhp

Gpvg gp wm gptk`bh ubzvwki fbptwgpvh gm Knzhmgv) tkzk ihp mgnh`bhp fgi `kcth- Kiiãihp tzhfw`vhzgp) `hcgz`bkmvgp r tzhegpbhmkigp fgi pg`vhz {wg fgpggm gpvkjig`gz`hmvk`vhp tkzk ik `hcgz`bkibk`bðm fg pwp tzhfw`vhp) twgfgm twjib`kz pw kubph fghegzvk h fgckmfk fg tzhfw`vhp h pgzub`bhp fg hzbngm knzã`hik h knzhbmfwpvzbki-

Hthzvwmbfkfgp Zwzkigp

Gpvg gp wm tzhnzkck fbzbnbfh k ehzvkig`gz ikp ̀ ktk`bfkfgp gctzgpkzbkigp fg ikthjik`bðm zwzki cgmhp ekuhzg`bfk) ek`bibvkmfh pw k``gph k ihp pgzub`bhp cb`zhebmkm`bgzh-

Ihp pgzub`bhp fgi tzhnzkck gpvëm zgik`bhmkfhp ̀ hm?



7<

Ebmkm`bkcbgmvh fg tzhrg`vhp gctzgpkzbkigp) tzgpgmvkfhp thzhznkmbk`bhmgp ignkigp fg tg{wgûhp tzhfw`vhzgp zwzkigp) oðugmgp) cwogzgp gbmfãngmkp-

Cb`zh`zâfbvhp tkzk `ktbvki fg vzkjkoh g bmugzpbðm fg ihp cb`zhgctzgpkzbhpzwzkigp) hvhznkfhp k vzkuâp fg bmpvbvw`bhmgp ebmkm`bgzkp-

Kthrh Kibkmkp Tzhfw`vbukp

Gpvg kthrh tzhcwgug ik `hmehzck`bðm fg kibkmkp fg fgpkzzhiih gctzgpkzbki) gmvzggi pg`vhz tzbukfh `hcgz`bkibkfhz r ikp `hcwmbfkfgp zwzkigp thjzgp) jwp`kmfh ik`hctgvbvbubfkf fg tzhrg`vhp gm ihp {wg vhfhp kthzvkm- Gi kthrh k vzkuâp fgkibkmkp gpvë eh`kibkfh gm ihp tzhfw`vhp fg ik Ktwgpvk G|thzvkfhzk r k vzkuâp fgwm bm`gmvbuh chfwikz ebmkm`bk zg`wzphp tkzk? `ktbvki fg vzkjkoh) kpbpvgm`bk vâ`mb`k)`ktk`bvk`bðm) `ktbvki eboh) kfg`wk`bðm fg vbgzzkp) `hcgz`bkibk`bðm) k``gph k vbgzzkp)`hjgzvwzk fg zbgpnhp) ngzgm`bk r kfcbmbpvzk`bðm) gmvzg hvzkp-

Wm `kph g|bvhph fg kph`bk`bðm r g|thzvk`bðm? Kphkzhck

Gi `wivbuh fg tikmvkp pg fbubfg gmvzg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r `wibmkzbkp gm wm`hmvg|vh zgegzgmvg ki nzkfh fg `hctigobfkf `hm gi {wg zbngm ikp g|thzvk`bhmgp- Gpcw`lh cëp pbctig) fgmvzh fg ih fbeã`bi {wg gp g|thzvkz) gi `wivbukz r tzhfw`bztikmvkp ̀ wibmkzbkp gm iwnkz fg cgfb`bmkigp-

Ikp tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp ki vgmgz `hch fgpvbmh ik ekjzb`k`bðm h gikjhzk`bðm fgcgfb`kcgmvhp h pwpvkm`bkp fg wph vgzktâwvb`h) gpvhp fgjgm `wctibz `hm wmkp

g|bngm`bkp fg twzgk gm pw tzh`gph fg `wivbuh) tzhfw``bðm r `hcgz`bkibk`bðm {wgihp lk`g cw`lh cëp g|bngmvgp {wg ik tikmvk`bðm fg `wibmkzbkp) {wg vbgmgmzgnwikzcgmvg ̀ hch fgpvbmh ik kibcgmvk`bðm-

Gp cw`lh cëp ik|k ik g|bngm`bk gm gi cgz`kfh bmvgzmk`bhmki `wkmfh pg vzkvk fgtikmvkp {wg vbgmgm `hch fgpvbmh pgzubz `hch kfgzgh tkzk ikp `hcbfkp `hch`kzmgp h ̀ hch kzhcëvb`kp-

Tkzk `wctibz `hm ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp hznkmhiâtvb`kp fgi cgz`kfh cwmfbki ‖gmvgmfbâmfhpg hznkmhiâtvb`kp `hch ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fg hihz) `hihz) pkjhz r

vg|vwzk‖ gi tzh`gph fg tzhfw``bðm fgjg cbnzkz h kigokzpg fg ih {wg gp lhr- Wmtzh`gph fg tzhfw``bðm gctãzb`h r `wivwzki) {wg fgjg vg`mbeb`kzpg- Gi tzhfw`vhz fgtikmvkp fgjg pgz `hmp`bgmvg fg {wg gpvë g|thzvkmfh fgpfg gi tzg`bph chcgmvh gm{wg bmb`bk gi tzh`gph fg tzhfw``bðm) fgpfg {wg bmb`bk gi tzh`gph fg tzhtknk`bðm gmik pgcbiik-

Ik kph`bk`bðm fg tzhfw`vhzgp fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp) `wibmkzbkp r kzhcëvb`kpKPHKZHCK pwznbð `hch wmk zgptwgpvk k ikp mg`gpbfkfgp fg wm nzwth fgtzhfw`vhzgp fgi cwmb`btbh fg Zbhmgnzh ezgmvg ki tzhjigck fg `hcgz`bkibk`bðm hfg fkzig pkibfk k ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp {wg pg fkjk gm gi hzbgmvg kmvbh{wgûh r vgmh thfãk pgz ugmfbfh gm `hmfb`bhmgp fg uhiwcgm r tzg`bh ðtvbckp k mbugi mk`bhmki-



72

Nzk`bkp k wm `hmugmbh fg ik ki`kifãk fg Zbhmgnzh) `hm ik @hzthzk`bðm @hihcjbkmkfg Bmugpvbnk`bðm Knzhtg`wkzbk ‖@HZTHB@K‖) ik kph`bk`bðm `wjzg ihp `hpvhp fgkzzgmfkcbgmvh fgi vgzzgmh) bctwgpvh tzgfbki) gmvzg hvzhp- Ik Kph`bk`bðm r pwpcbgcjzhp kpwcgm ihp `hpvhp fg ewm`bhmkcbgmvh) `hch thz gogctih ihp `hpvhp fg ikgig`vzb`bfkf fg ihp ̀ wkzvhp ezãhp-

Gm tzbm`btbh ewg cwr fbeã`bi tkzk ihp kph`bkfhp pkibz kfgikmvg ezgmvg k ik gp`kpg fg`ktbvki fg vzkjkoh- Ewg mg`gpkzbh gi ktkikm`kcbgmvh h cÿp`wih ebmkm`bgzh {wg ikKi`kifãk fg Zbhmgnzh tzhthz`bhmð r ngpvbhmð tkzk {wg gi tzhrg`vh ewgpg wm â|bvh`hch gi {wg pg ktzg`bk lhr-

Ikp `kzk`vgzãpvb`kp fg ihp cgz`kfhp mk`bhmki r fg g|thzvk`bðm fbpvkmgmhzcgcgmvg- K mbugi mk`bhmki mh g|bpvg wm cgz`kfh zgnbhmki1 ihp kmvbh{wgûhp mhugmfgm pwp tzhfw`vhp gm @wmfbmkckz`k) kpã `hch vkcth`h h`wzzg ik pbvwk`bðmbmugzpk- Gm `hmpg`wgm`bk ihp tzg`bhp mh zgpthmfgm k fbmëcb`kp fg ik hegzvk rfgckmfk {wg pg tzgpgmvk k mbugi bmvgzmk`bhmki) r pg fkm `kphp fg hibnhthibh rhibnhtphmbh- Gp fg`bz gp`gmkzbhp gm ihp {wg cwr th`hp `hctzkfhzgp r ugmfgfhzgp`hbm`bfgm gm gi cgz`kfh) `hch ewg gi `kph fgp`zbvh kmvgzbhzcgmvg gm ikp tikkp fgcgz`kfh gm ik `bwfkf fg Cgfgiiãm) fhmfg wmk h fhp tgzphmkp pwzvg eë`bicgmvg ihpuhiÿcgmgp fg ugmvkp fg ukzbhp ih`kigp-

Pbvwk`bhmgp `hch gpk vkcjbâm gp `hcÿm {wg pg tzgpgmvg k mbugi fg ihp`hcgz`bkibkfhzgp r g|thzvkfhzgp- Pg zgnbpvzkm tzë`vb`kp fg `hctgvgm`bk fgpigki)fwctbmn ,tzg`bhp thz fgjkoh fg ihp `hpvhp tkzk {wgjzkz k ikp fgcëp`hcgz`bkibkfhzkp") pg ugm k cgmwfh gm wm cgz`kfh {wg k mbugi ih`ki gp tg{wgûh)fgpbmehzckfh g bmehzcki-

Kehzvwmkfkcgmvg mh pg tzgpgmvkm jkzzgzkp ignkigp pb ihp tzhfw`vhzgp fg ihp`hzzgnbcbgmvhp fg Cgfgiiãm htvkzkm thz `hmpvbvwbz wmk kph`bk`bðm `hm cbzkp k`hcgz`bkibkz pw tzhfw``bðm- Ik `ëckzk fg `hcgz`bh fg Cgfgiiãm hezg`g wmpgzub`bh fg kpgphzãk tkzk ik `hmehzck`bðm fg wm tzh`gph fg kph`bk`bðm-

Vhfh gpvh tkzk pwtibz ik bmugzpbðm gm bmugzmkfgzhp) pbpvgckp fg zbgnh) vg`mbeb`k`bðmfg pgcbiikp;:) `kfgmk fg ezãh) kjhmhp hznëmb`hp g bmhznëmb`hp) `hmvzhi jbhiðnb`h-Vhfh gpvh `hm gi hjogvbuh fg ehzckibkz wmk g`hmhcãk bmehzcki r tg{wgûkcgfbkmvg ik vg`mbeb`k`bðm g bmugzpbðm-

Ik bmugzpbðm vkcjbâm gp mg`gpkzbk tkzk pwtibz ihp zg{wgzbcbgmvhp fg `kibfkf)ebvhpkmbvkzbhp {wg pg gm`wgmvzkm gm ihp cgz`kfhp bmvgzmk`bhmkigp-

G|thzvkz pbnmbeb`k wmk gpvkjbibfkf gm gi bmnzgph pb pg `hctkzk `hm ihp bmnzgphp {wghjvbgmgm ihp tzhfw`vhzgp gm ik tikk fg cgz`kfh fg Cgfgiiãm- Ihp tzg`bhp r`kmvbfkfgp {wg pg hjpgzukm gm gi cgz`kfh bmvgzmk`bhmki phm gpvkjigp- K g|`gt`bðmfgi ugzkmh gm ihp gpvkfhp wmbfhp) `wkmfh pg tzgpgmvk wm egmðcgmh fg

;: Ik vg`mbeb`k`bðm fg pgcbiik gp gi câvhfh cgfbkmvg gi `wki pg vzkmpcbvgm fg

ngmgzk`bðm gm ngmgzk`bðm bmehzck`bðm ngmâvb`k- Ihnzkmfh tikmvk`bhmgp r `hpg`lkpcëp tzhfw`vbukp) cëp ewgzvgp ezgmvg k kcgmkkp ̀ hch gmegzcgfkfgp h `kcjbhpewgzvgp fg vgctgzkvwzk) gmvzg hvzkp-



54

gpvk`bhmkibfkf g|tib`kfh thz gi wph fg ikp vbgzzkp gm ihp gpvkfhp fgi pwz fwzkmvg giugzkmh tkzk ik tzhfw``bðm fg tikmvkp {wg @hihcjbk g|thzvk pbm tzhjigckp fwzkmvgvhfh gi kûh-

Ik kph`bk`bðm thz gogctih zgthzvk g|thzvk`bhmgp tkzk h`vwjzg fg Vhcbiih `hm wm

06' fgi vhvki) Kijklk`k :2') Cgmvk :6' r Zhcgzh 2' tzbm`btkicgmvg- Gm ukihzikp g|thzvk`bhmgp pwckm tkzk Vhcbiih :7‒022-:44) Kijklk`k :;‒757-444) Cgmvk`hm ;>‒<46-244 r Zhcgzh `hm 5‒565-:44 tgphp-

Ewgmvg? ,KPHKZHCK) :4;;"

Vhfkp gpvkp bfgkp fg ’tgmpkz gm nzkmfg– zg{wbgzgm fg wm ktkikm`kcbgmvh- Wmhpzg`wzphp ezgp`hp {wg fg mh thpggzihp ihp tzhfw`vhzgp twgfg `hmugzvbzpg gm wmkjkzzgzk bmezkm{wgkjig fg pwtgzkz) wmk vzkctk fg thjzgk- Ihp tzhfw`vhzgp thz ihngmgzki mh thpggm ikp nkzkmvãkp {wg g|bngm ikp gmvbfkfgp ebmkm`bgzkp tkzk zgkibkzwm `zâfbvh- Ikp gmvbfkfgp igp `bgzzkm ikp twgzvkp kmvg ik ekivk fg wmk lbthvg`k h ikthpbjbibfkf fg gcjkznkz wm pkikzbh {wg gpvkp tgzphmkp mh vbgmgm- Pg lk`gmg`gpkzbh r ewmfkcgmvki gmvhm`gp) gi kthrh fg bmpvbvw`bhmgp nwjgzmkcgmvkigp tkzkiigukz k `kjh gi tzh`gph fg vzkpehzck`bðm tzhfw`vbuk) fgokmfh k wm ikfh ikg`hmhcãk bmehzcki r tg{wgûk) lk`bk wmk g`hmhcãk fg gp`kik pwtgzbhz r ehzcki-



5;

Kmg|hp

Ibpvkfh fg @hmvk`vhp

@hcgz`bkibkfhzgp

Wjb`k`bðm Ih`ki Mhcjzg Ugmfgfhz Vgiâehmh @giwikz @hzzgh

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk :>7 Jikm`k G`lgugzzr MK 0:4556;2;6 MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 70: Fhzbp Hphzbh :0;2:50 MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 744#745 Igbfr @kzhibmk Pbgzzk :7;42:6 04;0<0;;7; MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 7>0 Fkzãh Nkz`ãk MK 0;>:;77;46 MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 766#767 Fbkmk Zãhp 7;6;47; MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 7::#7:0 Fhzk Twgzvk 7;6;;0> MK MK



5:

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 765#76> Nkjzbgi Tkik`bh :60;;40 MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 762#774 Ckzbk Zhpkzbh @kpvkûh 7;:;>64 MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 764 Kmk _ktkvk 7;6;::7 MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 7:4#7:; Ekmmr Ckzãk MK 0;:<05><:5 MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 6<2 Kmfzâp Zgpvzgth 7;6;462 MK MK

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 6<5 Zk{wgi Zhoh MK 0;40>767>< lhwpgckm{0;Dlhvckbi-`hc

Tikk Cbmhzbpvk 6<> Iw Gigmk Ugiëp{wg :207;42

Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg 0;04 Mkm`r :025>4; MK MK

Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg 0;0: Kzk`gib :;5>65< MK MK

Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg 0;00#0;62#0;06 Ckzvlk Fãk :;5<;>2 0:457765;4 MK

Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg 0;7; Kmk Rgtgp :026026 MK MK



50

Tik`bvk fg Eiðzg ;;; MH ZGPTHMFBÐ :025::5

Ik Kcâzb`k 47<#450 Kigbfk Jgzmki :744066 04;60<2557 f#ki{wbcbk:7Dlhvckbi-`hc

Ik Kcâzb`k ;60 Ckz`h Kmvhmbh Ckh 6;;;;7: 0:;5:74:7: MK

Ik Kcâzb`k ;:; Ckzbk Gigmk Hphzbh 6;;<><0 04;>4:4<52 MK

Ik Kcâzb`k 0< Ibibkmk Ckrk :74<266 0;:>755:44 MK

Ik Kcâzb`k ;:0#;:6#;:7 Ckzãk Cgz`gfgp H`lhk MK MK MK

Ik Kcâzb`k ;:; # ;76 Giabm 6:>50>; MK MK

@gmvzki Ckrhzbpvk J:> # T;6 Egzmkmfh Nkubzbk 05;><56 MK egzmkmfhX00;7Dlhvckbi-`hc

@gmvzki Ckrhzbpvk J:> # T: Iwbp Nkz`ãk MK MK MK



56

Tzhfw`vhzgp

Mhcjzg @hzzgnbcbgmvh Vgiâehmh Tikmvk

;

Tikmvk : Tikmvk 0 Tikmvk 6 Tikmvk 7

Eboh @giwikz G|tgzbgm`bk `hch

tzhfw`vhz

Mhcjzg

Mhcjzg Mhcjzg Mhcjzg Mhcjzg

Pgznbh Pkibmkp Pkm @zbpvðjki 60<>4>>

0;0:2<>52:

0: Kijklk`k

@bfzðm @wzãjkmh Pkiubk Zhcgzh

^jgbckz

G`lkukzzãk

Pkm Kmvhmbh fgTzkfh

:<54606

0:452>4426

04 Vhcbiih Zhcgzh Kijklk`k Hzânkmh Zwfk

H`vkubkmh

Ukp{wg

Pkm @zbpvðjki 6:><>20

MK 54 Lbmhoh Kijklk`kChzkfk

@bfzðm Cgmvk Cbzvh

Okubgz Hppk

H`lhk

Nwkzmg 77;7<;<

0;:>;6070:

;4 @bfzðm Ki`k`lhek Tgm`kPëjbik

@kiâmfwik Tgzgobi

Kmvhmbh Ihmfhûh Pkm @zbpvðjki 6:500>>

MK >4 Gw`kibtvh

Ckpvzkmvh Ukigzbkmk Hoh fgmãptgzh

MkzkmohËnzbh



57

Ehzckvhp fg gm`wgpvkp ktib`kfkp

Gm`wgpvk tkzk Tzhfw`vhzgp fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp

@hzzgnbcbgmvh? Kivkubpvk?XXXX P- K- Tzkfh? XXXX Pm @zbpvhjki?XXXX Tkicbvkp?XXX P-Gigmk?XXX

Mhcjzg Tzhfw`vhz? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CXX EXX

Vgiâehmh? XXXXXXXXXXX @giwikz? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX @hzzgh? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Gfkf? ;7#:7 XXXX :7#07XXXX 07#67XXXX 67#77XXXX 77#57XXXX 57#>7XXXX>7!XXXX

G|tgzbgm`bk `hch ugmfgfhz(tzhfw`vhz fg tikmvkp?

Mbugi Gfw`kvbuh vgzcbmkfh? Tzbckzbk XXX Pg`wmfkzbk XXXX Vâ`mb`kXXXWmbugzpbvkzbkXXXXXXX

Ëzgk gm Lg`vëzgkp ,h c:" fg pw ihvg(ebm`k?

Thz`gmvkog ,h c:" fgi ëzgk fgpvbmkfk ki `wivbuh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp?

Vgmgm`bk fg ik vbgzzk? Tzhtbk?XXXX Kzzgmfkfk?XXXXX gm ̀ hctkûãk?XXXXX

Zg`bjg kpgphzãk h k`hctkûkcbgmvh gm gi ̀ wivbuh?

Bmpvbvw`bhmgp nwjgzmkcgmvkigp?XXXX Tkzvb`wikzgp?XXXX Tzhtbk?XXXX Mbmnwmk?XXXX

Lk phib`bvkfh kinwmk ug `zâfbvh knzhtg`wkzbh? Pb?XXX Mh?XXXX ¸Thz {wâ8?XXXXXXXXXXX

Ih zg`bjbð? Pb?XXX Mh?XXX ¸Thz {wâ8

Iiguk wpvgf ̀ hmvkjbibfkf ,ugmvkp) `hctzkp"PB Mh



55

Mhzckicgmvg ugmfg pwp tikmvkp k?

@hmpwcbfhz ebmki Fh`vhzgp (lhcgðtkvkp

Tikkp fgCgz`kfh

Ikjhzkvhzbhp

Thpgg ̀ gzvbeb`kfh fg ̀ ktk`bvk`bðm gm jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fgckmwek`vwzk-

PB Mh

Tikmvk ; Tikmvk : Tikmvk 0 Tikmvk 6 Tikmvk 7

MhcjzgVbth fgtzhfw``bðm

@wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh

Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg

MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ

Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh

@hmfb`bðm Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k

Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`kTwiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh

Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh

Tkzvg@hcgz`bkibkfk

Zkã Zkã Zkã Zkã Zkã

Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih

Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp

Eihz Eihz Eihz Eihz EihzEzwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh

Zhvk`bðm Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk

Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk

Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk

Âth`k fgi kûhfhmfg phm

ckrhzgp ikpugmvkp



5>

Ebmkicgmvg) {wg ek`vhzgp ̀ hmpbfgzk ̀ hch hjpvë`wihp tkzk gi ̀ zg`bcbgmvh fg ikpugmvkp?

@kmvbfkf fgckmhohp(vkohpugmfbfhp thzpgckmk

Tzg`bhTzhcgfbh

@HT(vkohckmhoh

Wph tzbm`btkihjpgzukfh thzugmfgfhz



5<

Gm`wgpvk tkzk Ikjhzkvhzbhp {wg wpkm Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigp

B- Bfgmvbeb`k`bðm fg ik gctzgpk

Ikjhzkvhzbh,Bmfb{wg gi mhcjzg fg ik gctzgpk hikjhzkvhzbh"

Fkvhp fg `hmvk`vh

Mhcjzg

Vgiâehmh

@giwikz

@hzzghgig`vzðmb`h

Gfkf fg ik gctzgpk,Ckz{wg `hm wmk \ gi mÿcgzh fg kûhp fgpfg {wg ewg

`hmpvbvwbfk ik gctzgpk"

4#:kûh

p

:#7kûh

p7#;4

kûh

p

;4!kûh

p

Mhzckicgmvg `hctzk tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp k? ,Pgûkig `hm wmk \"

Tkzvb`wikzgp

Tikkp fgCgz`kfh

HvzhpIkjhzkvhzbhp

Bcthzvk`bhmgp

Tzhfw``bðm Tzhtbk

Thpgg `gzvbeb`kfh fg ̀ ktk`bvk`bðm gm jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fg ckmwek`vwzk ,go?B@HMVG@"-

¸[wâ ek`vhzgp ̀ hmpbfgzk ̀ hch hjpvë`wihp tkzk gi ̀ zg`bcbgmvh fg ikp ugmvkp)ek`vhzgp {wg hjpvk`wibkm gi tzhnzgph fg ik gctzgpk8

Pb Mh ¸@wëi8 ,Gptg`beb{wg ̀ wëi `gzvbeb`kfh"?



52

Tkzk ̀ hctigvkz ik pbnwbgmvg vkjik) vhckz ikp 7 tzbm`btkigp tikmvkp wpkfkp ̀ hchbmpwchp gm gi ikjhzkvhzbh h gctzgpk



>4

Tikmvk ; Tikmvk : Tikmvk 0 Tikmvk 6 Tikmvk 7Mhcjzg uwinkz

,Gp`zbjk gi mhcjzg uwinkz fg ikp 7gptg`bgp cëp wpkfkp gm gi

ikjhzkvhzbh h gctzgpk"Mhcjzg ̀ bgmvãeb`h

,pb `hmh`g gi mhcjzg `bgmvãeb`h fg ik

gptg`bg) thz ekuhz gp`zãjkih"Vbth fg tzhfw``bðm,pgûkig ̀ hm wmk \ gi vbth fg

tzhfw``bðm fg ik tikmvk) pb gp`wivbukfk) zg`hig`vkfk pbiugpvzg) h pg

fgp`hmh`g pw vbth fg tzhfw``bðm"

@wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfhPbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg

MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ

@hmfb`bhmgp gm ikp {wg pg `hctzkik tikmvk

,Bmfb{wg ̀ hm wmk \ ikp ̀ hmfb`bhmgpgm ikp `wëigp gp `hctzkfk ik tikmvk"

Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`kPg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k

Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh TwiugzbkfhVzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh

Hzbngm,Gp`zbjk gi iwnkz fg fhmfg pg

hjvbgmg ik tikmvk) rk pgk cwmb`btbh)zgnbðm h tkãp pb ik tikmvk pg bcthzvk"

Uhiwcgm fg @hctzkp ,An(cgp"

,Bmfb{wg ̀ wëi gp gi uhiwcgm fg`hctzkp cgmpwkigp gm abihnzkchp"

Tzg`bh tknkfh Tzhcgfbh,@HT & ( An"

,Bmfb{wg ̀ wëi gp gi tzg`bh tzhcgfbhtknkfh thz ik tikmvk gm cgm`bðm"



Gm`wgpvk tkzk @hcgz`bkibkfhzgp fg Tikmvkp Cgfb`bmkigpWjb`k`bðm? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Ih`ki M¿?XXXXXXXX

Mhcjzg Ugmfgfhz? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CXX EXX

Vgiâehmh? XXXXXXXXXXX @giwikz? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX @hzzgh? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Cwmb`btbh fg Zgpbfgm`bk? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Gfkf? ;7#:7 XXXX :7#07XXXX 07#67XXXX 67#77XXXX 77#57XXXX 57#>7XXXX>7!XXXX

G|tgzbgm`bk ̀ hch ugmfgfhz fg tikmvkp?

Mbugi Gfw`kvbuh vgzcbmkfh? Tzbckzbk XXX Pg`wmfkzbk XXXX Vâ`mb`kXXXWmbugzpbvkzbkXXXXXXX

Lhzkzbh fg kvgm`bðm? XXXXX

Ugmfg gm hvzhp cgz`kfhp? PB? XXX MH? XXXX ¸@wëi8XXXXX

Mhzckicgmvg ubgmgm k ̀ hctzkz

@hmpwcbfhz ebmki Fh`vhzgp ( lhcgðtkvkp Ikjhzkvhzbhp

Thpgg `gzvbeb`kfh fg `ktk`bvk`bðm gm jwgmkp tzë`vb`kp fgckmwek`vwzk-

Tikmvk ; Tikmvk : Tikmvk 0 Tikmvk 6 Tikmvk 7

PB Mh



Mhcjzg

Vbth fgtzhfw``bðm

@wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh @wivbukfh

Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg Pbiugpvzg

MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZ MP(MZZg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh Zg`hig`vkfh

@hmfb`bðm Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k Ezgp`k

Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k Pg`k

Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh Twiugzbkfh

Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh Vzbvwzkfh

Tkzvg@hcgz`bkibkfk

Zkã Zkã Zkã Zkã Zkã

Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih Vkiih

Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp Lhokp

Eihz Eihz Eihz Eihz Eihz

Ezwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh Ezwvh

Zhvk`bðm Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk Wmk(pgckmk

Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk Fhp(pgckmk

Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk Fbkzbk

Âth`k fgi kûhfhmfg phmckrhzgp ikpugmvkp

@kmvbfkf fgckmhohp(vkohpugmfbfhp thzpgckmk

Tzg`bhTzhcgfbh

@HT(vkohckmhoh

Wph tzbm`btkihjpgzukfh thzugmfgfhz



Iiguk wpvgf ̀ hmvkjbibfkf fgi mgnh`bh ,ugmvkp) `hctzkp"

@ðch ìkpbeb`k pwp tikmvkp tkzk g|lbjbzikp gm gi iwnkz?

Ebmkicgmvg) {wg ek`vhz ̀ hmpbfgzk ewmfkcgmvki ̀ hch hjpvë`wih tkzk gi ̀ zg`bcbgmvhfg ikp ugmvkp?

PB Mh





Jbjibhnzkeãk

Kzkmfk @kck`lh) R-) % Pëm`lg) @- ,:44>"- Kmëibpbp fg `hpvhp tkzk ik tzhfw``bðm fg pgbpgptg`bgp fg lbgzjkp kzhcëvb`kp gm @wmbfkckz`k- Gm Tgzptg`vbukp fg Knzhmgnh`bh fg

Tikmvkp Kzhcëvb`kp @wibmkzbkp r Cgfb`bmkigp- Jhnhvë? Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg@hihcjbk # Ek`wivkf fg Knzhmhcãk-

KPHKZHCK- ,:4;;"- Gpvkfãpvb`kp fg g|thzvk`bhmgp cgmpwkigp # H@VWJZG- Zbhmgnzh-

Jgvkm`wz Ezkm`h) B- ,:445"- Bmugpvbnk`bðm fg cgz`kfh tkzk k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp) tikmvkp

kzhcëvb`kp r tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp gm owzbpfb``bðm fg @HZKMVBH[WBK- Cgfgiiãm?@HZKMVBH[WBK-

@hzthzk`bðm JBH@HCGZ@BH Phpvgmbjig- ,:4;4"- Ehzh? BU @hmnzgph Bmvgzmk`bhmki fg Tikmvkp

Cgfb`bmkigp) kzhcëvb`kp r `hmfbcgmvkzbkp `hm âmekpbp gm `hpcâvb`k mkvwzki- Tkicbzk

# Ukiig? Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk # Pgfg Tkicbzk-

Fãk) O- ,:440"- @kzk`vgzbk`bðm fgi cgz`kfh `hihcjbkmh fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp r

kzhcëvb`kp- Jhnhvë? Cbmbpvgzbh fg Kcjbgmvg) Ububgmfk r Fgpkzzhiih Vgzzbvhzbki-

Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r Fgpkzzhiih Zwzki- ,:4;4"- @kzvbik fg Thiãvb`k Knzhtg`wkzbk :4;4

# :4;6- Jhnhvë-

Cbmbpvgzbh fg Knzb`wivwzk r Fgpkzzhiih Zwzki- ,Mhubgcjzg fg :4;;"- Knzhmgv - Hjvgmbfh fglvvt?((~~~-knzhmgv-nhu-`h

Cbmbpvgzbh fg @hcgz`bh G|vgzbhz- ,:4;4"- Ubpbðm fg ik `kfgmk fg tikmvkp cgfb`bmkigp)lbgzjkp kzhcëvb`kp r k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp- Tkicbzk # Ukiig? Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg@hihcjbk # Pgfg Tkicbzk-

Pkm`lg) K- ,:44>"- Kptg`vhp Ewmfkcgmvkigp gm ik Tzhfw``bðm fg Lbgzjkp Kzhcëvb`kp- GmTgzptg`vbukp fgi Knzhmgnh`bh fg Lbgzjkp Kzhcëvb`kp @wibmkzbkp r Cgfb`bmkigp- Jhnhvë? Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk-

Wmbugzpbfkf Mk`bhmki fg @hihcjbk- ,:44<"- @kzk`vgzbk`bðm r gukiwk`bðm fg ik `kfgmk fg

tikmvkp kzhcëvb`kp) cgfb`bmkigp) `hmfbcgmvkzbkp) k`gbvgp gpgm`bkigp r kebmgp gm

@hihcjbk- Jhnhvë? @gmvzh fg Bmugpvbnk`bðm tkzk gi Fgpkzzhiih-