Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol.

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

History of Great Britain

A Brief Summary

Stonehenge

• Britain's greatest national• icon• constructed about • 3,000 BC• who built Stonehenge? • original purpose is unclear (sacred site for the

burial, worship)• today in ruin • Many stones have fallen or been removed for

home construction or road repair

Tribes before the arrival of Normans – order them from the oldest

• The Celts (Gaels, Britons)

• The Danes

• The Iberians

• The Anglo-Saxons

• The Normans

• The Romans

Tribes before the arrival of Normans

• The Celts (800 BC) – Britons, Geals – farming, cattle, metalworking

• The Romans (43 BC) – Julies Ceasar, Hadrian´s Wall

• The Anglo-Saxons (450) – King Arthur

• The Danes – 800 king Afred the Great stopped them

• The Normans

The Normans

1066 William the Conqueror, battle of Hastings against Harold

• John (Lackland) becomes king, 1215 Magna Carta

• 1337(-1453) The Hundred Years War between England and France begins,

Edward III claims the throne of France (Crécy, Calais, Poitiers )

Henry V, Joan of Arc• 1453 The Hundred Years War ends. England loses all territory in France

The wars of the Roses, Henry VI (Lancester) v. Edward IV (York)

the result: 1485 Henry VII becomes the first Tudor king

The Tudor Period

• Great voyages and discovery

• Decline of feudalism

• Wool and cloth trade – sheep

• 1509 Henry VIII, Catherine of Aragon – divorce

• 1534 Henry VIII makes himself head of the Church of England

• Bloody Mary – Roman Catholic, 1553 became Queen – Roman Catholicism state religion, killed Protestants

• 1558 Elizabeth I – the Golden Age, protestant, Church of England

Sir Francis Drake Defeat of Spanish Armada – 1588, Spanish King Philip II William Shakespeare Convicts sent to Australia

The Stuarts

• 1603 King James VI of Scotland, against Catholics and Puritans

1605 Guy Fawkes

1607 Jamestown, Protestans sailed to America in 1620

Charles I – struggled with Parliament

Civil War 1642 – Oliwer Cromwell – Parliamentary leader, Lord Protector

The Glorious Revolution

• James II – restore Catholism, 1688 fled to France

• Mary and William of Orange coronated king and queen

Parliament – Bill of Rights – people ensured basic civil rights

• Last Stuart Queen Anne, Augustan Age 1707 Act of Union – joining Scotland to

England and Wales

House of Hannover

• Queen Ann´s relative – German protestant King George I. – no English

• George II – 13 American colonies, Canada, India

• George III – the Loss of America – pay debts for the colonial wars

Wars with France

• Napoleon

• Admiral Nelson, Trafalgar 1805 – the statue at the Trafalgar Square

• Duke of Wellington, Waterloo 1815

The Reign of Victoria• Queen at the age of 18, for 64 years, married to

prince Albert• her reign is known as the Victorian era, a period of

industrial, political, scientific and military progress• colonisation: Cyprus, Gibraltar, Cape of Good

Hope, Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia• Famine in Ireland• Charles Darwin – Origin of Species• London Underground• Boer Wars in South Africa• Literature: Jane Austen, Sisters

Bronte, Byron, Shelley, Keats

The industrial Revolution• 18th - 19th C • changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and

transport • effect on the social, economic and cultural

conditions - farm labourers moved to town to find job, working conditions 16-18 hours

• Luddites – destroyed machines • trade unionism – protecting working class• every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced• mechanisation of industries, improved roads and

railways• scientific revolution - the steam engine

World War I• George V• great powers of Europe split • into two camps: 1. Germany, Austria, Italy 2. France, Russia, Britain, USA• Britain joined when Germany declared war

on Belgium• the terms of peace dictated at the Treaty

of Versailles 1919• The Remembrance Day

World War II 1938 Prime Minister Chamberlain signed a pact

with Hitler in Munich allowing Germany to have Sudetenland

• 1939 – German troops invaded Poland• Britain and France declared war on Germany• 1940 Winston Churchil becomes Prime Minister• air raids, children evacuated from cities• Britain asylum for Czechs, • Polish, anti-Nazi Germans• Ireland refused to join• Support form the USA• Invasion of Normandy• the Yalta Conference

Battle of Britain• a famous speech given by

Churchil: the battle of France is over. I expect the battle of Britain is about to begin

• Many Czech pilots escaped to Poland, France and later Britain

• they joined the Royal Air Force - Czechoslovak army in exile on the British islands, Czech fighter ace Josef František

Elisabeth II 1952 after the death of

her father King George VI (the House of Windsor)

• married Prince Phillip, four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward

• Prince Charles and Lady Diana

Iraq War

• 2003, invasion of Iraq by United States and United Kingdom troops

Tony Blair, the former Prime Minister was criticised for joining the USA

Gordon Brown

• Prime Minister since June 2007

• Labour Party

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem

a rozpočtem České republiky.