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8/9/2019 Pokok Bahasan #1-1 Review BD
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JURUSAN SISTEMINFORMASI
Fakultas Teknologi Informasi -
ITS
SISTEM MANAJEMEN BASIS
DATA
Pokok Baasan !"#"Data$ases % Data$ase Users
Prof# Ir# Arif D&unai'() M#S*#) P#D#[email protected]@gmail.com
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Outline
•
Types of Databases and Database Applications• Basic Denitions
• Typical DBS !unctionality
• "#ample of a Database $%&'(")S'T*+
• ain ,aacteistics of te Database Appoac
• Database %ses
• Ad/antages of %sing te Database Appoac
• 0en &ot to %se Databases
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Slide 1-
Types of Databases andDatabase Applications
• Taditional Applications
– &umeic and Te#tual Databases
• oe )ecent Applications
– ultimedia Databases
– 3eogapic 'nfomation Systems $3'S+
– Data 0aeouses
– )eal-time and Acti/e Databases
– any ote applications
• !ist pat of boo4 focuses on taditional applications
• A number of recent applications are described laterin the book (for example, Chapters 24,26,28,29,30
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Basic Denitions
• Data$ase+
– A collection of elated data.
• Data+
– 6no7n facts tat can be ecoded and a/e an implicitmeaning.
• Mini-,orl'+
– Some pat of te eal 7old about 7ic data is stoed in adatabase. !o e#ample8 student gades and tanscipts at auni/esity.
• Data$ase Management S(stem DBMS.+
–
A soft7ae pac4age9 system to facilitate te ceation andmaintenance of a computei:ed database.
• Data$ase S(stem+
– Te DBS soft7ae togete 7it te data itself. Sometimes8te applications ae also included.
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Simplied Database System"n/ionment
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Typical DBS !unctionality
• !e"ne a paticula database in tems of its datatypes8 stuctues8 and constaints
• Construct o =oad te initial database contents on aseconday stoage medium
• #anipulatin$ te database
– )etie/al >ueying8 geneating epots
– odication 'nsetions8 deletions and updates to itscontent
– Accessing te database toug 0eb applications• %rocessin$ and &harin$ by a set of concuent uses
and application pogams ? yet8 4eeping all data/alid and consistent
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Slide 1-
Typical DBS !unctionality
• Ote featues
– otection o Secuity measues to pe/entunautoi:ed access
–
Acti/eC pocessing to ta4e intenal actions ondata
– esentation and (isuali:ation of data
– aintaining te database and associated
pogams o/e te lifetime of te databaseapplication
• ,alled database8 soft7ae8 and system maintenance
t
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Slide 1-
#amp e o a ata ase$7it a ,onceptual Data
odel+• Mini-,orl' for te e/am0le+ – at of a %&'(")S'T* en/ionment.
•
Some mini-,orl' entities+ – ST%D"&Ts
– ,O%)S"s
– S",T'O&s $of ,O%)S"s+
– $academic+ D"A)T"&Ts
– '&ST)%,TO)s
t
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Slide 1- E
#amp e o a ata ase$7it a ,onceptual Data
odel+• Some mini-,orl' relationships+ – S",T'O&s are of speci"c ,O%)S"s
– ST%D"&Ts take S",T'O&s
– ,O%)S"s ha'e prereuisite ,O%)S"s
– '&ST)%,TO)s teach S",T'O&s
– ,O%)S"s are o)ered b* D"A)T"&Ts
– ST%D"&Ts ma+or in D"A)T"&Ts
• &ote Te abo/e entities and elationsips aetypically e#pessed in a conceptual data model8 sucas te "&T'T*-)"=AT'O&SF' data model $see,aptes 8 5+
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"#ample of a SimpleDatabase
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ain ,aacteistics of teDatabase Appoac
• Self-'es*ri$ing nature of a 'ata$ase s(stem+
– A DBS *atalog stoes te desciption of a paticuladatabase $e.g. data stuctues8 types8 and constaints+
– Te desciption is called meta-'ata.
– Tis allo7s te DBS soft7ae to 7o4 7it diHeentdatabase applications.
• Insulation $et,een 0rograms an' 'ata+
– ,alled 0rogram-'ata in'e0en'en*e.
– Allo7s canging data stuctues and stoageogani:ation 7itout a/ing to cange te DBSaccess pogams.
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Slide 1- 12
"#ample of a Simplied Database,atalog
t t t
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a n aacte st cs o t eDatabase Appoac
$continued+• Data A$stra*tion+ – A 'ata mo'el is used to ide stoage details
and pesent te uses 7it a conceptual /ie7
of te database. – ogams efe to te data model constucts
ate tan data stoage details
• Su00ort of multi0le 1ie,s of te 'ata+
– "ac use may see a diHeent /ie7 of tedatabase8 7ic descibes onl( te data ofinteest to tat use.
t t t
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a n aacte st cs o t eDatabase Appoac
$continued+• Saring of 'ata an' multi-user transa*tion0ro*essing+
– Allo7ing a set of *on*urrent users to etie/e fomand to update te database.
– Concurrenc* control 7itin te DBS guaantees tateac transa*tion is coectly e#ecuted o aboted
– eco'er* subsystem ensues eac completedtansaction as its eHect pemanently ecoded in tedatabase
– O2TP $Online Tansaction ocessing+ is a majo patof database applications. Tis allo7s undeds ofconcuent tansactions to e#ecute pe second.
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Database %ses
• Actos on te scene
– Data$ase a'ministrators+• )esponsible fo autoi:ing access to te
database8 fo coodinating and monitoing its use8acIuiing soft7ae and ad7ae esouces8contolling its use and monitoing eJciency ofopeations.
– Data$ase Designers+• )esponsible to dene te content8 te stuctue8
te constaints8 and functions o tansactionsagainst te database. Tey must communicate7it te end-uses and undestand tei needs.
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Slide 1- 1
,ategoies of "nd-uses
• Actos on te scene $continued+ – En'-users+ Tey use te data fo Iueies8
epots and some of tem update tedatabase content. "nd-uses can becategoi:ed into• 3asual access database occasionally 7en
needed
• Na41e o aametic tey ma4e up a lage
section of te end-use population. – Tey use pe/iously 7ell-dened functions in te fom
of canned tansactionsC against te database.
– "#amples ae ban4-telles o ese/ation cle4s 7o dotis acti/ity fo an entie sift of opeations.
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Slide 1- 1
,ategoies of "nd-uses$continued+
• So0isti*ate'+ – Tese include business analysts8 scientists8
enginees8 otes toougly familia 7it tesystem capabilities.
–
any use tools in te fom of soft7ae pac4agestat 7o4 closely 7it te stoed database.
• Stan'-alone+ – ostly maintain pesonal databases using eady-
to-use pac4aged applications.
– An e#ample is a ta# pogam use tat ceates itso7n intenal database.
– Anote e#ample is a use tat maintains anaddess boo4
t
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Slide 1- 1E
/antages o%sing te Database
Appoac• ,ontolling edundancy in data stoage andin de/elopment and maintenance eHots.
– Saing of data among multiple uses.
• )esticting unautoi:ed access to data.• o/iding pesistent stoage fo pogam
Objects
– 'n Object-oiented DBSs ? see ,aptes 2G-22
• o/iding Stoage Stuctues $e.g. inde#es+fo eJcient >uey ocessing
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t ona mp cat ons o
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t ona mp cat ons o%sing te Database
Appoac• otential fo enfocing standads – Tis is /ey cucial fo te success of
database applications in lage
ogani:ations. Stan'ar's efe to dataitem names8 display fomats8 sceens8epot stuctues8 meta-data $desciption ofdata+8 0eb page layouts8 etc.
• )educed application de/elopment time – 'ncemental time to add eac ne7
application is educed.
t ona mp cat ons o
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t ona mp cat ons o%sing te Database Appoac
$continued+• !le#ibility to cange data stuctues – Database stuctue may e/ol/e as ne7
eIuiements ae dened.
•
A/ailability of cuent infomation – "#temely impotant fo on-line tansaction
systems suc as ailine8 otel8 ca ese/ations.
• "conomies of scale
– 0asteful o/elap of esouces and pesonnelcan be a/oided by consolidating data andapplications acoss depatments.
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Slide 1- 2
Fistoical De/elopment ofDatabase Tecnology
• "aly Database Applications
– Te Fieacical and &et7o4 odels 7ee intoducedin mid 1E
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Slide 1- 25
sto ca e/e opment oDatabase Tecnology
$continued+• Object-oiented and emeging applications – Object-Oiented Database anagement Systems
$OODBSs+ 7ee intoduced in late 1EGs and ealy1EEGs to cate to te need of comple# data
pocessing in ,AD and ote applications.• Tei use as not ta4en oH muc.
– any elational DBSs a/e incopoated objectdatabase concepts8 leading to a ne7 categoy
called ob+ect-relational DBSs $O)DBSs+ – .xtended relational systems add fute
capabilities $e.g. fo multimedia data8 K=8 andote data types+
sto ca e/e opment o
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Slide 1- 2;
sto ca e/e opment oDatabase Tecnology
$continued+• Data on te 0eb and "-commeceApplications – 0eb contains data in FT= $Fypete#t ma4up
language+ 7it lin4s among pages.
– Tis as gi/en ise to a ne7 set of applicationsand "-commece is using ne7 standads li4eK= $eKtended a4up =anguage+. $see ,. 2+.
– Scipt pogamming languages suc as F and
La/aScipt allo7 geneation of dynamic 0ebpages tat ae patially geneated fom adatabase $see ,. 2
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Slide 1- 2<
"#tending Database,apabilities
• &e7 functionality is being added to DBSs in te follo7ingaeas
– Scientic Applications
– K= $eKtensible a4up =anguage+
– 'mage Stoage and anagement
– Audio and (ideo Data anagement
– Data 0aeousing and Data ining
– Spatial Data anagement
– Time Seies and Fistoical Data anagement
• Te abo/e gi/es ise to ne/ research and de'elopment inincopoating ne7 data types8 comple# data stuctues8 ne7opeations and stoage and inde#ing scemes in databasesystems.
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0en &ot to %se a DBS
• ain inibitos $costs+ of using a DBS
– Fig initial in/estment and possible need foadditional ad7ae.
– O/eead fo po/iding geneality8 secuity8
concuency contol8 eco/ey8 and integityfunctions.
• 0en a DBS may be unnecessay
– 'f te database and applications ae simple8 7ell
dened8 and not e#pected to cange. – 'f tee ae stingent eal-time eIuiements tat
may not be met because of DBS o/eead.
– 'f access to data by multiple uses is not eIuied.
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Slide 1- 2
0en &ot to %se a DBS
• 0en no DBS may suJce
– 'f te database system is not able toandle te comple#ity of data because
of modeling limitations – 'f te database uses need special
opeations not suppoted by te DBS.
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Slide 1- 2E
Summay
• Types of Databases and Database Applications
• Basic Denitions
• Typical DBS !unctionality
• "#ample of a Database $%&'(")S'T*+
• ain ,aacteistics of te DatabaseAppoac
• Database %ses
• Ad/antages of %sing te Database Appoac• 0en &ot to %se Databases
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TERIMA5ASI6