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Vapucjt`aeNbebt`ms/8

8!87!86:= :

Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Ouct`pcb Jccbcbs ]`emb tkb 8 jccbcb mjsb `s h`eao`jc

bxpjes`ae ag +pq)8

# Kbemb gar = jccbcbs# tkb mjsb hbmaobs

+pqr)8Oarb nbebrjccy#

maes`lbr tkb jccbcbs J:# %%% J` n`vbe hy tkbjccbcb grbqubem`bs p: ta p`9

8!87!86:= 8Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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^kjt `g `ts pacypca`ly1 Maes`lbr jnj`e aecy twa jccbcbs%\kb l`pca`l mjsb `s tkb h`eao`jcbxpjes`ae ag4

wkbrb m `s tkb pca`ly# gar bxjopcbw`tk tbtrjpca`l +m ?

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@ehrbbl`en Hrbbl`en hbtwbbe mcasb

rbcjt`vbs% Bxtrbob ]bcg gbrt`c`zjt`ae

@t w`cc jggbmt tkb p jel q

vjcubs

@t lbmrbjsbs kbtbrazynas`ty

\kus `t `emrbjsbs kaoazynaus`el`v`lujcs%

@ehrbbl`en kjs sbvbrb bggbmts

ae nbebt`m l`sbjsbs%

Kbemb# `t `s prak`h`tbl `e

m`v`c`zbl warcl%

8!87!86:=

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@ehrbbl`en Mabgg`m`bet Objsurb ag @ehrbbl`en

Lbeatbl js G G ? Vrahjh`c`ty tkjt tkb 8 jccbcbs jrb

`lbet`mjc hy lbsmbet%

8!87!86:= 2Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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^kjt `s `ts bggbmt aegrbqubemy1 \kb grbqubemy ag Kaoazynatbs @emrbjsb

\kb grbqubemy ag Kbtbrazynatbs Lbmrbjsb

8!87!86:= 7Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

7/29/2019 Population Genetics 2

7/27

8!87!86:= >Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Bggbmt`vb papucjt`ae s`zb +Eb) Jcc `el`v`lujcs `e j papucjt`ae# ojy eat

rbpralumb

\kus `e ebxt nbebrjt`ae jccbc`m grbqubemy

mkjenbs%%

\kb bggbmt`vb papucjt`ae tatjc `el`v`lujcs

`evacvbl `e rbpralumt`ae

@e Vjeo`t`m papucjt`ae

8!87!86:= ;Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Bggbmt`vb papucjt`ae s`zb +Eb) Gar Eaorjc papucjt`ae 4

Xjt`ae ag Ojcb4 Gbojcb

8!87!86:= Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms0

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Outjt`ae @t `s tkb saurmb ag jcc ebw

vjr`jh`c`ty `e tkb nbeaob

]kaws vbry sojccqujet`tjt`vb `egcubemb ae

jccbcb jel nbeatypbgrbqubem`bs

Outjt`ae rjtb +) ? 6%6666:pbr nbebrjt`ae pbr camus

Mkjenbs jccbcb grbqubem`bshy aecy jhaut :!:66#666 pbr

nbebrjt`ae

Outjt`ae `s tkb jctbrjt`ae ag tkb nbebt`m ojtbr`jc

8!87!86:= :6Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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\ypbs ag outjt`ae#:% Garwjrl outjt`ae4/

j outjt`ae tkjt mkjenbs j nbeb tkjt ojibsj guemt`aejc pralumt `eta j nbeb tkjtojibs j eaeguemt`aejc pralumt

8% Xbvbrsb outjt`ae4/

j outjt`ae tkjt mkjenbs j nbeb tkjt ojibsj eaeguemt`aejc pralumt `eta j nbeb tkjt

ojibs j guemt`aejc pralumt @e nbebrjc# garwjrl outjt`aes ammur jt j

grbqubemy tkjt `s jt cbjst :6 t`obs tkjt agrbvbrsb outjt`aes%

8!87!86:= ::Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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@g `s tkb garwjrl outjt`ae rjtb jel`s v tkb rbvbrsb outjt`ae rjtb# jebqu`c`hr`uo w`cc hb bstjhc`skbl hbtwbbe tkbsb

twa outjt`ae rjtbs tkjt lbtbro`ebs q# tkbnbeb grbqubemy ag tkb eaeguemt`aejc jccbcb%

Jt bqu`c`hr`uo# q ? !+v)

@g v `s trucy aeb tbetk tkb grbqubemy ag #tkbeqbqu`c ? :6!+:6:)ar :6!:: ?6%06060606060

8!87!86:= :8Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Mkjenbs lub ta O`nrjt`ae q ? o + q:

q8)

q bggbmt`vb grbqubemy

o O`nrjt`ae rjtb

q: grbqubemy `e papucjt`ae @

q8 grbqubemy `e papucjt`ae @@

8!87!86:= :=Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Vapucjt`ae hattcbebmi

8!87!86:=

:

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Vapucjt`ae hattcbebmi @t ammurs wkbe j papucjt`ae maetrjmts ta js`ne`g`mjetcy sojccbr s`zb avbr j skart pbr`al

ag t`ob lub ta saob rjelao bev`raeobetjc bvbet%

@e j trub papucjt`ae hattcbebmi# tkb alls garsurv`vjc ag jey obohbr ag tkb papucjt`ae jrb

purbcy rjelao# jel jrb eat `opravbl hy jeypjrt`mucjr `ekbrbet nbebt`m jlvjetjnb%

\kb hattcbebmi mje rbsuct `e rjl`mjc mkjenbs `ejccbcb grbqubem`bs# maopcbtbcy `elbpbelbet ag

sbcbmt`ae%

8!87!86:=

:2Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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@ehrbbl`en `emrbjsbs% \k`s `emrbjsbs tkbljojnb laeb hy rbmbss`vb lbcbtbr`aus

outjt`aes# `e j prambss ieawe js`ehrbbl`en lbprbss`ae%

\kb warst ag tkbsb outjt`aes jrb sbcbmtbl

jnj`est# cbjl`en ta tkb cass ag atkbrjccbcbs tkjt jrb nbebt`mjccy c`eibl tatkbo# `e j prambss ag hjminrauelsbcbmt`ae%

\k`s cbjls ta j gurtkbr cass ag nbebt`ml`vbrs`ty%

8!87!86:=

:7Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Gauelbr bggbmt

8!87!86:=

:>Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Gauelbr bggbmt @t `s j spbm`jc mjsb ag j papucjt`ae hattcbebmi#

ammurr`en wkbe j sojcc nraup `e j papucjt`ae

spc`etbrs agg grao tkb ar`n`ejc papucjt`ae jelgaros j ebw aeb%

\kb rjelao sjopcb ag jccbcbs `e tkb dust garoblebw macaey `s bxpbmtbl ta nrasscy o`srbprbsbettkb ar`n`ejc papucjt`ae `e jt cbjst saobrbspbmts%

@t `s bvbe pass`hcb tkjt tkb euohbr ag jccbcbsgar saob nbebs `e tkb ar`n`ejc papucjt`ae `scjrnbr tkje tkb euohbr ag nbeb map`bs `e tkbgauelbrs# oji`en maopcbtb rbprbsbetjt`ae`opass`hcb%

^kbe j ebwcy garobl macaey `s sojcc# `ts gauelbrs mje

straency jggbmt tkb papucjt`ae.s nbebt`m ojib/up gjr `eta tkb guturb%

8!87!86:=

:;Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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B%n% Jo`sk o`nrjt`ae taVbeesycvje`j `e :>

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]bcbmt`ae Mbrtj`e trj`ts ar jccbcbs ag nbebs sbnrbnjt`en

w`tk`e j papucjt`ae ojy hb suhdbmt ta sbcbmt`ae%

Relbr sbcbmt`ae# `el`v`lujcs w`tk jlvjetjnbaus ar(jljpt`vb( trj`ts tbel ta hb oarb summbssguc tkjetkb`r pbbrs rbpralumt`vbcyobje`en tkby maetr`hutboarb aggspr`en ta tkb summbbl`en nbebrjt`ae tkjeatkbrs la ar jrb oarb g`t

^kbe tkbsb trj`ts kjvb j nbebt`m hjs`s# sbcbmt`aemje `emrbjsb tkb prbvjcbemb ag tkasb trj`ts#hbmjusb aggspr`en w`cc `ekbr`t tkasb trj`ts graotkb`r pjrbets%

^kbe sbcbmt`ae `s `etbesb jel pbrs`stbet# jljpt`vb

trj`ts hbmaob ue`vbrsjc ta tkb papucjt`ae arspbm`bs# wk`mk ojy tkbe hb sj`l ta kjvb bvacvbl%

8!87!86:=

86Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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Nbebt`m cajl ]bcbmt`ae mje mjusb tkb lbjtk ag saob

`el`v`lujcs ar ojib tkbo uejhcb ta rbpralumb

\k`s mast `s mjccbl j nbebt`m cajl

J ejturjc outjt`ae ag tkb nbeb

tkjt malbs garoyastjt`e#

j pratb`e tkjt mauetbrjmts

ousmcb nrawtk%

\kb truemjtbl oyastjt`e `s

uejhcb ta guemt`ae `e tk`s mjpjm`ty#

rbsuct`en `e jmmbcbrjtbl cbjeousmcb nrawtk# lub pr`ojr`cy ta

kypbrpcjs`j

+`emrbjsb `e ea ag mbccs)Hbcn`je hcub mjttcb

8!87!86:=

8:Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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]bcbmt`ae mabgg`m`bet @t `s j objsurb ag tkb rbcjt`vb g`tebss ag j

pkbeatypb%

Rsujccy lbeatbl hy tkb cbttbr s#

@g s?6# tkbe tkb pranbey `s sbcbmt`vbcyebutrjc maopjrbl ta tkb gjvarbl pkbeatypb#wk`cb s?: `el`mjtbs maopcbtb cbtkjc`ty%

Gar bxjopcb#

`g tkb gjvarbl pkbeatypb pralumbs :66gbrt`cb pranbey# jel aecy 06 jrb pralumblhy tkb pkbeatypb sbcbmtbl jnj`est tkbe s ?6%:%

8!87!86:=

88Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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]bcbmt`ae jnj`est tkb rbmbss`vbNbeatypb BB Bb bb\atjc

Grbqubemy p8 8pq q8

:%66

G`tebss : : :/sVrapart`ae p8 8pq q8 +:/s)

jgtbr sbcbmt`ae

Ebw nbeb grbqubemy ag q ? pq q8+:/s) ! +:/sq8 _

8!87!86:=

8=Vrambss ag Bvacut`ae `e tkb bybs ag Nbebt`ms

Vapucjt`ae Nbebt`ms

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G`tebss

G`tebss `s maestjet +:/s)%

G`tebss `s objsurbl hy tkb euohbr ag aggspr`en pralumbl `e tkb ebxt

nbebrjt`ae tkjt surv`vb jel rbpralumb

G`tebss `s maestjet +:/s)% \kjt `s tkb appas`tb ag sbcbmt`ae# s

Nbebt`m cajl ? sq8

8!87!86:=

8