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a brief overview of the definitions and measurement of poverty and inequality
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Poverty and Inequality in a Changing Context
What is poverty? What is inequality?A definition and link
Outline
Assessments of Poverty2.1 Recent changes in global geography of poor
MDG’s post 2015 Macro and micro economic measures
Activity and Discussion4.
1.
2.
3.
What is Poverty?
Monetary – Utility, basic needs
Capabilities –Wellbeing, functionings (Sen 1999)
Inequalities – Relative, social exclusion
Participatory – self defined, NGO, CBO
It is possible to define and measure poverty in a variety of ways
Defining and Assessing Poverty
Measurements can only be done if poverty is clearly defined
This can only be done if we can measure poverty
We must initiate and design policies to impact poverty
Ways of Measuring PovertyMonetary poverty: Consumption, Poverty line measures: definition of the poverty line, headcount index, poverty severity
Capability: Basic needs, mortality, literacy, water, child malnutrition
Inequality:Income inequality, size distribution, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient
Participatory: Not yet adapted
- Most of the world‘s poor now live in middle- income countries (MIC), e.g. India- Shift from LIC (low income) to MICNeed for a new model of development assistanceNo justification to exlude MIC‘s from aid programmes future of MDG after 2015?
New Geography of the Global Poor
Tax evasion is also becoming a big issue
What are the MDG’s?
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Engaging targets with comprehensible objectives
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and
empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development
MACRO ECONOMIC
- Foreign aid eases pressure to mobilize resources within country- Correctives to make existing rules less unfair (aid, repayment)- Need for positive discrimination/ affirmative action- More equal partnership between developed and developing countries- Focus on means rather than ends
- Framework for states to reshape policies in national context- Employment creationPublic provision of services i.e. education, healthcare- Accountability of government people are actors not beneficiaries- Participatory development
MICRO ECONOMIC
MDG’s post 2015A new framework?
Means rather than ends
1. Read the article and identify the organisation/perspective it is written from
MDG’s from different perspectives
2. Critically evaluate according to these points:
• a) Criticisms/failures• b) Positive points/successes• c) Possible solutions/new ideas
3. Identify the discourse used
4. Feedback
Any Questions?