Upload
trankhanh
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
NOx
2003. 11. 25.
()
, ,
,
,
Nox ()
NOx
Cycling of nitrogen in the environment
smog
ATMOSPHERIC NO, NO2 + N2O
LIGHTING
DEPOSITION
DRY
WET
SMOG
NITRIC/NITROUS ACID
OZONE LAYER
GREENHOUSEEFFECT
BIOMASSBURNING
TRANSPORT
POWERSTATIONS/INDUSTRY
MICROBIALACTIVITY
ACIDIFICATION
GROUNDWATER LEACHING
FOSSIL FUELS
FERTILIZERMANURE
OZONE DEPLETION
O2
PAN
LONG RANGE TRANSPORT
STRATOSPHEREUPPER TROPOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
Nox
CO2 : ( 1997 )
NOx ( 2000)
. : 50ppm (2005)
-
. : 250ppm(4%)
- , ,
Nox
Yutaka Suzukawa (1996)
Ceramic Honeycomb Regenerator
NOx 50ppm , 1015%
M. Nishimura (1997)
EGR (1, 2 ),
O2 11% NOx 50ppm , 55%
Yuuki Ohno (2000)
1, 2 , CH4 ,
NOx 11ppm
NOx
Takagi (1975)
-, - , thermal NO
HCN, CN prompt NO
N.Peters (1981)
super equilibrium NO 25%
NO Fr0.33, Re-0.66
Mechanism
CH4 mechanism (800K )
. CH4 + O2 CH3 + HO2
. CH3 + O2 CH2O + OH
. OH + CH4 H2O + CH3
. OH + CH2O H2O + HCO
. CH2O + O2 HO2 + HCO
. HCO + O2 CO + HO2
Mechanism
CH4 mechanism (1500K )
. CH4 + M CH3 + H + M
. CH4 + X CH3 + XH
. CH4 + O2 CH3 + O
. CH3O + M H2CO + H + M
. H2CO +X HCO+ XH
. HCO + M H + CO + M
. CH3 + CH3 C2H6
. CO + OH CO2 + H
NOx formation
Thermal Nox
Prompt NOx
Fuel NOx
NOx consumption due to reburning
in combustion systems
Thermal NOx NOx formation
1946 Zeldovich
. (1200)
. O + N2 NO + N
. N + O2 NO + O
extended Zeldovichs mechanism
. N + OH NO + H
Prompt NOx NOx formation
1979 Fenimore
, 1200
Prompt NOx
prompt NOx CH CH2
NOx CH
Prompt NOx NOx formation
mechanism
. CH+N2 HCN+N
. N+O2 NO+O
. HCN+OH CN+H2O
. CN+O2 NO+CO
. CH2 +N2 HCN +NH
. HCN +N N2 + C . . .
NOx mechanism NOx formation
Combustion Introduction (Stephen R)
()
Diesel CycleOtto CycleBrayton CycleSprak (%)334226361525(kW)206000151000500100,000 (%)758575857585NOX2500150200(dBA)951059510595110 1 1.5 2Gas Mixer
,
30 ,
1.0~1.2, 1.5~2.5
(Braton Cycle, Simple Cycle)
- : 10 : 1()
Nox
Nox (02. )
(kW)()Nox(ppm)CO(ppm)A985Jenbaher181.341,421B538Jenbaher62.60203C538Jenbaher68.10238D3,000x3Detuz MWM106.91574E1,400x3Weuakesha44.82648F5,900x3Niigata328.981,158G279MAN23.27642200kW
, ,
Caterpillar
3406SITA
CO-Nox )
841.unknownDPC
MicroTurbine
MicroTurbine
MGT
1600Hz
28kW 60Hz
15
273
850
534
205
593
96000rpm
Nox
Chart200000111112222233333444445555566666777778888899999101010101011111111111212121212131313131314141414141515151515161616161617171717171818181818191919191920202020202121212121222222222223232323232424242424252525252526262626262727272727282828282829292929293030303030(32)(29)(27)TG1TG2[kW]NOx(O2=0%) [ppm]NOx0000001700130160013917001261481800132.5151.31850177139154.61900181.25145.51581950185.51521702070189.7515717620901941621822110195168193.52150196126.75205220010085.5570444.25570435705.53.557043.95703.845703.9357053.857043.2053( 32)(29)TG-CGS(22)11313.55.514.516.5716.318.5917.819.61218.620.71319.521.415.520.12223.91720.522.524.21922.422.724.52222.522.824.722.522.622.8525.02322.722.924.94252323252622.824.942723.224.882924.7301111113335.55.55.577799912121213131315.515.515.517171719191922222222.522.522.5232323252525262626272727292929303030( 32)(29)TG-CGS(22) [kW] [%]-13.514.516.516.318.517.819.618.620.719.521.420.12223.920.522.524.17522.422.724.4522.522.824.72522.622.852522.722.924.9423232522.824.9423.224.8824.7NOx(32)(29)(27)TG1TG200102030405061700713016008139170012691481800132.510151.31850177.013911154.61900181.3145.5121581950185.5152131702070189.8157141762090194.016215182211019516816193.52150196126.75172052200100.085.5185704.044.25195704.03205705.53.5215704.03.9225703.84235703.93245705.03.8255704.03.22605.0327282930NOxNOx00000111112222233333444445555566666777778888899999101010101011111111111212121212131313131314141414141515151515161616161617171717171818181818191919191920202020202121212121222222222223232323232424242424252525252526262626262727272727282828282829292929293030303030(32)(29)(27)TG1TG2[kW]NOx(O2=0%) [ppm]NOx0000001700130160013917001261481800132.5151.31850177139154.61900181.25145.51581950185.51521702070189.7515717620901941621822110195168193.52150196126.75205220010085.5570444.25570435705.53.557043.95703.845703.9357053.857043.205383.86863.864.5 : 57~62dB(A) 1 m 1.2m , [dB(A)]83.86863.864.5NOx
(EGR)
NOx
, , , (2~3%)
( ) Cycle ,
,
: 1.8~2.0 ( )
NOx
NOx
3(Nox, CO, H/C)
(NO, O2) (CO, HC)
, Nox, CO, HC N2, CO2, H2O
( 1 , Window )
-
- : (Pt), (Rh), (Pd)
-
NOx
NOx
: , 70%, / :0.5~1.0
: Nox
: 1500 Nox ,
: 10ppm ,
, ,
2004
Nox
Nox
, ,
]
][
[
]
[
2
0
N
CH
k
dt
NO
d
=
ATMOSPHERIC NO, NO
2
+ N
2
O
LIGHTING
DEPOSITION
DRY
WET
SMOG
NITRIC/
NITROUS ACID
OZONE LAYER
GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
BIOMASS
BURNING
TRANSPORT
POWER
STATIONS/
INDUSTRY
MICROBIAL
ACTIVITY
ACIDIFICATION
GROUNDWATER LEACHING
FOSSIL FUELS
FERTILIZER
MANURE
OZONE DEPLETION
O
2
PAN
LONG RANGE TRANSPORT
STRATOSPHERE
UPPER TROPOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
0
50
100
150
200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
NOx
CO
ppm
(kW)