PPT Fathima Seminar

7/31/2019 PPT Fathima Seminar

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S. Kaliraj., M.Tech (Geomatics),Indian Institute of Surveying & Mapping (IIS&M),

Survey of India,

Hyderabad. AP 500039.

K. Mahendran,

Course Coordinator,

Rural Technology Centre,

Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU),

Dindigul..


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The study Devanampatti Reserved Forest located in TiruvannamalaiDistrict of Tamilnadu.

The total area is about 181.450 sq.km.

The geographical latitude extension is 12o 06 09.93N to 12o 16 58.38 Nand longitude extension is 79o 15 47.12E to 79o 25 05.64 E.

The area locates 10 km Southeast from Tiruvannamalai and 70 km fromNorth West from Villupuram, 32 km South West from Nangilikondanvillage.


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Location of study area (Courtesy: Landsat TM imagery).


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The study area comprises deciduous forest, mixed forest, and shrub, andscrub vegetative cover.

An altitude about 429m to 440m MSL and commonly deciduous forestcovered with this region.

South, South East and North West part accumulated with mixed forest.

The foothill region consisting shrub and scrub vegetation covers.

A Number of small tributaries and stream orders flow from West towardsSouth East.

Sand and gravel is found to be distributed along foothill and water bodies.


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The study area comprises sub-tropical climate condition.

The annual average rainfall is 22cm.

Rainfall varies from 31cm during the North East monsoon from Novemberto December .

About 26cm rainfall during South West monsoon from June to October.

The optimum temperature is 27oc and the humidity ranges from 69 to 78%during the summer and winter season respectively


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The spatial analysis of the study area carried out in two flavours.

1. Image classification technique, 2. Changes Detection Matrix Technique.

Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) of the supervised classification

technique is used to classify the forest types.

Image differencing and image ratio technique is used to estimate thechanges between different periods.

Sl.No Satellite & sensor Date of Acquisition Spectral Bands Spatial Resolution1. Landsat TM Jan 27, 1977 Blue, Green, Red, IR 30 m2. Landsat TM Jan 29, 1991 Blue, Green, Red, IR 30 m3. Landsat ETM+ Jan 24, 2006 Blue, Green, Red, IR 30 m


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Digital image interpretation technique applied on the satellite imagery taken1977, 1991 and 2006 to target the location and spatial distribution of forestspecies.

Ground-Sampling Points collected by GPS.

Using the pixel of GSP, the Cluster created.

As per the spectral behavior of cluster image classified

Five classes such as Deciduous forest, Mixed forest, Shrub vegetation, Rockyexposure and sandy/ Gravel deposits, etc.


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Each Forest types converted into vector layers with appropriate geodatabase using ArcGIS 9.3 software.

The changes in spatial distribution and location in of each forest typescomputed between the different years 1977, 1991 and 2006

The Volume of Changes detected and the differences in its area inputted intoChange matrix analysis to calculate changes between each specific Forest

features.


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1977 1991 2006

AreainSq.Km

Years

Deciduous forest

Mixed forest

Shrub vegetation

Hilly rock

Sand/gravel


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Forest types have dynamic changes between 1977 and 1991 aswell as between 1991 and 2006.

Each type had undergone significant changes in their locationand the area of distribution in year by year.

Deciduous forest occupied with mixed forest and shrub

vegetation.

Most of the land cover under deciduous forest changed asrocky exposure and degraded landforms.


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There was no change observed in 19.32 sq.km of deciduousforest.

Remaining area was occupied with other features such as mixedforest, shrub etc.

The area of extend is 7. 24 sq. km of deciduous forest changedas mixed forest and 17.11 sq.km areas was turned into shrubvegetation.

The large deciduous cover is about 12. 36-sq.km area changedas rocky exposure in 1991.


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Deciduousforest

Mixed forest Shrubvegetation

Hilly rockexposure

Sand/gravels

Deciduous forest 19.328 4.9185 1.14084 3.28595 10.91481

Mixed forest 7.2754 11.81 11.834 3.68378 7.09217

Shrub vegetation 17.1156 13.6932 5.90241 5.02854 2.32517

Hilly rock exposure 12.3619 19.4871 0.55027 30.8613 0.41479

Sand/gravels 1.75197 3.269 4.97082 1.79591 8.18019

Changesin1991(a

reainsq.km)

Specific Forest Feature changed into other feature

Estimation of Changes in Forest Features between 1977 and 1991


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From the year of 1991 to 2006, tremendous changes have occurred among alltypes of forest features.

Deciduous forest cover of 13.82 sq.km of area have not changed in its

location and distribution.

The total area of deciduous forest about 29.60 sq.km in 1991, and this wasdecreased to 13. 82 sq.km in 2006.

The mixed forest and shrub vegetation decreased to 15. 11 sq.km and 6. 43sq.km respectively.

Rocky exposure, sandy deposits / gravel and eroded landforms wereincreased between 1991 and 2006.


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Deciduous forest Mixed forest Shrubvegetation

Hilly rockexposure

Sand/gravels

Deciduous forest 19.328 4.9185 1.14084 3.28595 10.91481

Mixed forest 7.2754 11.81 11.834 3.68378 7.09217

Shrub vegetation 17.1156 13.6932 5.90241 5.02854 2.32517

Hilly rock exposure 12.3619 19.4871 0.55027 30.8613 0.41479

Sand/gravels 1.75197 3.269 4.97082 1.79591 8.18019

Changesi

n2006(areainsq.km)

Specific Forest feature changed into other feature

Estimation of Changes in Forest Features between 1991 and 2006


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The result of change detection matrix analysis reveals that the changes inarea and distribution of forest between the year of 1977 and 2006.

They had attained dynamic changes at huge amount into rocky exposure and

eroded landforms.

During this period, the total cover of rocky exposure was 44.67 sq.km and itgot increased up to77.79 sq.km in 2006.

About, 31.18sq.km area of deciduous forest was lost its vegetation, that areaoccupied with sandy and gravel landforms, rocky waste.

About 5.50 sq.km area of mixed forest replaced by degraded landforms like

rocky waste and gravel landforms


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1977 2006

A

reaofChanges(insq.km

)

Changes Detection of Forest Biodiversity between 1977 and 2006

Deciduous forest

Mixed forest

Shrub vegetation

Hilly rock

Sand/gravel


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It is proved that Remote Sensing & GIS technology produce valuable

results on change detection and estimation of large - scale forestcovers.

There is dynamic changes occurred on each types of forest features in theiroriginal location, area and distribution.

Significant amount of deciduous forest, mixed forest and shrub vegetationdegraded into other types of landforms may be due to continuouserosion and / or deforestation, lack of rainfall, etc.

The rich forest biodiversity has undergone threatening stage & changesinto unwanted landforms.

This study can be lay foundation for futuristic planning and decision

making to conserve and protect the forest biodiversity.


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PPT Fathima Seminar