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7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
1/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
ENHANCING AVIATION SERVICES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN
SRI LANKA
Pradeep Randiwela1
Faculty of Management and Finance
University of olom!o
"ri #anka
$indana %[email protected]
&irport and &viation "ervices '"ri #anka( #td
)andaranaike *nternational &irport
olom!o + "ri #anka
1Pradeep Randiwela is a "enior #ecturer, in Marketing, former -ean Faculty of Managementand Finance, University of olom!o. /inner of the )est Professor of Marketing M0 &sia,)est )e "chool&ward 212.
1 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
2/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Abstract
$%e or'd $ourism indus(r) %as emerged as one of (%e fas(es( groing sing'e indus(ries in (%e
or'd* +( ,resen(! g'oba' (ourism indus(r) re,resen(s around 11- of (%e or'd.s /! around 8-
of g'oba' em,'o)men( and around 9- of (%e g'oba' ages* I( is a'so (%e 'arges( sing'e
em,'o)men( genera(or of (%e or'd econom) (oda)* $%ere is a s(raig%( and significan(
re'a(ions%i, of $ourism i(% (%e +ia(ion Serices in (%e business arena*
3i(% (%e ne Sri an5an enironmen(! af(er ending (o decades o'd cii' unres(6ar!
o,,or(uni(ies are o,ened (o ca,i(a'ie on (ourism as Sri an5an des(ina(ion is uniue and sa'ien(*
+ia(ion serices ,'a) a i(a' ro'e among o(%er serices in (%e (ourism indus(r) (%roug%ou( (%e
or'd* ence! (%e main obec(ie of (%is s(ud) is (o find ou( c%a''enges confron(ed i(% reuired
+ia(ionSerice 'ee' (o 'eerage $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a* In (%is s(ud)! eig%( ;08< maor
de(erminan(s %ae been iden(ified %ic% are unified i(% +ia(ion Serices and (%e $ourism
indus(r) direc(')* $%ese fac(ors %ae been cons(i(u(ed in(o (%e conce,(ua' frameor5! and (%ose
fac(ors are ana')ed under (%e (%ree maor diisions suc% as: a< Socio'ogica' - Enironmen(a'
Im,ac(s6uman =esources >anagemen(6+((i(udes! b< ?inancia' - $ec%no'og)6 $raining &
ee'o,men(s6 E@,er(s! and! c< Economica'- o'icies6 Budge(ar) =esources*
Sure) da(a ga(%ered using a ues(ionnaire su,,'emen(ed i(% inde,(% in(eries as a dominan(
researc% s(ra(eg)* $%e maor de(erminan( %as been ana')ed em,'o)ing >u'(iCri(eria +na')sis
;>C+< and (%is as su,,'emen(ed i(% descri,(ie s(a(is(ics (o iden(if) (%e re'iabi'i() of (%em in
accordance i(% (%e 'imi(a(ions of (%e se'ec(ed sam,'e* B) com,aring (%e be''s%a,ed Norma'
dis(ribu(ion i(% (%e #ur(osis dis(ribu(ion gra,% of co''ec(ed da(a! i( as found (%a( (%e re'iabi'i()
of Socio'ogica' drabac5s are i(% grea(es( significance (%an o(%er (o diisions ca''ed
?inancia' and Economica'* ence! for (%e dee'o,men( of +ia(ion serices in Sri an5an
con(e@( socio'ogica' re'a(ed c%a''enges s%ou'd be em,%asied and addressed i(% ,riori()*
#e) ords: +ia(ion6+ir'ine Serices! $ourism ee'o,men(s! C%a''enges! uman resources!>anagemen( a((i(ude*
3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
3/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Introducton
$%e or'd $ourism indus(r) %as emerged as one of (%e fas(es( groing sing'e indus(ries in (%e
or'd* +( ,resen(! g'oba' (ourism indus(r) re,resen(s around 11- of (%e or'd.s /! around 8-
of g'oba' em,'o)men( and around 9- of (%e g'oba' ages* I( is a'so (%e 'arges( sing'e
em,'o)men( genera(or of (%e or'd econom) (oda)* $%ere is a s(raig%( and significan(
re'a(ions%i, of $ourism i(% (%e +ia(ion Serices in (%e business arena*
3i(% (%e ne Sri an5an enironmen(! af(er ending (o decades o'd cii' unres(6ar!
o,,or(uni(ies are o,ened (o ca,i(a'ie on (ourism as Sri an5an des(ina(ion is uniue and sa'ien(*
+ia(ion serices ,'a) a i(a' ro'e among o(%er serices in (%e (ourism indus(r) (%roug%ou( (%e
or'd* ence! (%e main obec(ie of (%is s(ud) is (o find ou( c%a''enges confron(ed i(% reuired
+ia(ionSerice 'ee' (o 'eerage $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a*
Ob!"ct#"s o$ t%" Stud&
$%e obec(ies of (%is s(ud) are (o fo'ds:
(o find ou( (%e drabac5s (%a( affec( +ia(ion Serices in order (o en%ance $ourism Indus(r) in Sri
an5a*
(o iden(if) (%e cri(ica' success fac(ors of +ia(ion Serices for $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a*
D"s'n o$ t%" Stud&
I( as dee'o,ed a conce,(ua' frameor5 (%a( ref'ec(s (%e broad s(ud) ,arame(ers and e'abora(ed
(%e sco,e of eac% ,arame(er* Based on (%e conce,(ua' frameor5! and (%en dee'o,ed an o,en
ended ues(ionnaire main') for eac% ca(egor) of res,onden(s* B) co''ec(ing (%e ,rimar) and (%e
secondar) da(a (o be s)nc%ronied i(% (%e conce,(ua' frameor5 of (%e s(ud)! (%e ana')ed (o
be im,'emen(ed b) se'ec(ing a ,ro,er me(%ods according (o (%e scenarioIn (%is s(ud)! eig%( ;08anagemen(6+((i(udes! b< ?inancia' -
$ec%no'og)6 $raining & ee'o,men(s6 E@,er(s! c< Economica' - o'icies6 Budge(ar)
=esources*
4 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
4/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
F'ur" () Conc"*tua+ Fra,"or.
M"t%odo+o'&
$%e s(ud) as ,rimari') an in(erieing researc% ini(ia(ie! inc'uding 'i(era(ure and 'egis'a(ie
reie and e@amina(ion of In(erne( =esources* In (%e researc% (ears main') used ua'i(a(ie
ues(ionnaires (o co''ec( informa(ion direc(')A some in(eries ere conduc(ed in ,erson %i'e
o(%ers ere com,'e(ed b) (e'e,%one* $%e researc% s(e,s inc'uded:
Development of Conceptual Framework & Questionnaires: (%e researc% (ears dee'o,ed a
conce,(ua' frameor5 (%a( ref'ec(ed (%e broad s(ud) ,arame(ers and e'abora(ed (%e sco,e of
eac% ,arame(er* Based on (%e Conce,(ua' frame or5! (%e (ears (%en dee'o,ed o,enended
ues(ionnaires for eac% ca(egor) of res,onden(s*
5 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
A#aton S"r#c"s
D"#"+o*,"nts
Technology
Training &
Developme
nts
HRMAttitudes
Experts
Environmenta
l
Impacts
Budgetary
Resources
Policies
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
5/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Identification of key informants: (%e s(ud) s(a5e%o'ders %ae been iden(ified and cau(eried
(%em! and iden(ified ,o(en(ia' res,onden(s b) s(a5e%o'der ca(egor) in eac% diision:
Socio'ogica'! ?inancia'! and Economica'*
Data Collection: #e) informan( in(eries ere conduc(ed in eac% diision of se'ec(ed
+ia(ion Serices ,roiders on se'ec(ed e'emen(s of (%e s(ud)* $%e researc% ,ersonne'
co''ec(ed da(a using (%e ues(ionnaires* Sam,'e as 20 em,'o)ees ;no( be'o (%e Junior
E@ecu(ie 'ee's< of +ia(ion6$ourism re'a(ed en(i(ies* $%e researc% ,ersonne' co''ec(ed and
reieed 'egis'a(ie documen(s and im,'emen(a(ion re,or(s* $%e researc% ,ersonne' a'so
searc%ed (%e In(erne( and reieed and ana')ed a'' informa(ion i(*
Data Analysis:$%e researc% ,ersonne' ana')ed (%e informa(ion i( co''ec(ed from (%e aboe
'is(ed sourcesA in (%ree diisions and (o be iden(ified (%e mos( cri(ica' fac(or for (%e
dee'o,men( of aia(ion indus(r) in Sri an5an con(e@(*
Multi-Criteria Analysis(MCA: (%is me(%od %as been used (o ,roide an unders(anding of (%e
drabac5s %ic% are under(a5en %en im,'emen(ing (%e dee'o,men(s or en%ancing (%e
+ia(ion indus(r) in Sri an5a* $%e >C+ incor,ora(es socio'ogica'! financia'! economic
ana')sis*
!corin" Criteria:$%e >C+ is based on feedbac5 receied from (%e designed ues(ionnaire
from (%e se'ec(ed sam,'e* + ua'i(a(ie score is assigned! de,ending on (%e im,ac( of aia(ion
dee'o,men(s on eac% cri(erion measured re'a(ie (o (%e base case*
In (%e ues(ionnaire! a #ne"ative$ score mig%( be assigned if (%e im,ac( is
nega(ie6undesirab'e6,oor com,ared (o (%e base caseA a score of !re,resen(s no im,ac(! and a
"positive#score re,resen(s a ,osi(ie6desirab'e6good im,ac(* ?or (%e ,ur,ose of (%is ana')sis! a
scoring s)s(em of 4 (o 4 %as been used (o measure (%e im,ac( of aia(ion dee'o,men(s*
6 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
6/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Tab+" () Scorn' Sca+" $or Ass"ss,"nt o$ O*tons
Scor" E/*+anaton
01 Der) muc% be((er
02 >uc% be((er
03 >odera(e') be((er
0( + 'i(('e be((er
4 No c%ange
-( + 'i(('e orse
-3 >odera(e') orse
-2 >uc% orse
-1 Der) muc% orse
LITERATURE REVIE5
$%e reie of e@is(ing em,irica' s(udies is diided in (o four ca(agories*$%e firs( se( re'a(ed (o (%e
re'a(ions%i, be(een (ourism and economic gro(%* Ne@(A em,irica' s(udies on (%e im,ac( of
(ourism reform on (%e e@,or( of (ourism are ou('ined fea(uring (%e (ourism e@,or(s ne@us* $%e
(%ird se( of em,irica' s(udies focus on (%e aia(iongro(% re'a(ions%i,* ?ina'')! some ,reious
ana')sis re'a(ed (o aia(ion reforms are no(ed %ig%'ig%(ing (%e im,ac( of air'ine ,ria(ia(ion and
'ibera'ia(ion*
>an) em,irica' eidences on (%e re'a(ions%i, be(een Tourism and Economic $ro%th %ae
emerged in (%e recen( ,eriod* ?orA ins(ance %! ;200F< 'oo5s in (o (%e casua' re'a(ions%i, be(een
(ourism gro(% and economic e@,ansion in #orea using Eag'e and /ranger (os(age a,,roac%
and a beerage Dec(or +u(o =egressie ;D+=< mode'*
C%in(aram! urbarr) & Baum! ;2004auri(ius* 0ngan 7 -emiro8, '2005(, ines(iga(e (%e im,ac( of
in(erna(iona' (ourism recei,(s on (%e 'ong run economic gro(% for (ur5e)*
$%e (%ird se( of em,irica' ana')sis focus on International Air %ransport !ervicesand economic
gro(%* +mong (%e fe s(udies in (%is area! ;Bu((on & $a)'or 2000
9 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
7/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
benefi(s 'arge') in (erms of em,'o)men( genera(ion (%a( communi(ies in +merica ob(ain from
%aing direc( access (o in(erna(iona' air serices*
In ano(%er ines(iga(ion! ;Bu((on & a''! 1999
air,or(s (%a( 'in5 (%e in(erna(iona' ga(ea)s in "S*
$%e fina' se( of em,irica' s(udies re'a(es (o (%e Aviation reorms'developments* >icco &
Serebris5)! ;2004< assess (%e effec( of c%ange in (%e com,e(i(ion regime ;im,'emen(a(ion of a
series of o,en s5ies agreemen(
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
8/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
$%e cons(ruc(ion of an In(erna(iona' +ir,or( a( 3eerai'a %as raised enironmen(a' conf'ic(s* $%e
conf'ic( be(een (%e ,resera(ion of (%eenironmen( and economic dee'o,men( im,era(ies %as
been a( (%e core of dee'o,men( deba(es in (%e 'as( fe decades* oeer (%e ,roec( %as been
ceased and moe (o ano(%er ,'ace ca''ed >a((a'a in amban(o(a dis(ric(*
ue (o +((idi)a Birds Sanc(uar)! i( is difficu'( (o e@,and (%e =a(ma'ana air,or( runa) for
'anding (%e modern %ig% ca,aci() aircraf(*
Fndn's r"+at"d to 7ud'"t)
$o im,roe >i'i(ar) airbases in (o omes(ic air,or(s! (%e mi'i(ar) bases adoining (o (%e air,or(
(o be s%if(ed aa) from (%e ,erime(er i( cos(s mi''ions*
MilitaryAirases:Ampara'Anuradapura')atticaloa'*ankasanturei'*atukurunda'*o""ala'Minn
eriya'!i"iriya'Cina ay
$o e@,and (%e Co'ombo Ci() +ir,or( a( =a(ma'ana as a omes(ic +ir,or(! addi(iona' 'and
acuiring is er) difficu'( due (o (%e %ig%') conges(ed genera' ,ub'ic in urbanied area as e''
(%e com,ensa(ion %ae (o be im,'emen(ed for eac% and eer) fami'ies* I( cos(s mi''ions*
$o u,grade (%e =una) of Bandaranai5e In(erna(iona' +ir,or( is u(mos( need* I( %as been used
near') (en() ;20< )ears i(%ou( an) maor re,airs* ence (%e =una) ,a(% gradua'') increasedu, (o (%e maor 'ee' of re,air due (o %aing on') one In(erna(iona' =una) in Sri an5a*
Fndn' r"+at"d to Po+c"s)
Na(iona' ,o'icies are d)namica'') c%anging i(% effec( (o (%e goernmen( c%anging* ence (%e
s(ar(ed ,o'icies ma) ar) and cease b) (%e ne@( goernmen( ra(%er (%an con(inuing for (%e
be((ermen( of (%e coun(r)*
ar5ing C%arges6Ba) c%arges (o be u,da(ed for (%e f'ig%(s in ,ara''e' i(% o(%er coun(ries in (%e
+sian region*
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7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
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2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
$%a'angama Signa' =eceiing S(a(ion %as been s%if(ed aa) (o (%e (em,orar) 'oca(ion due (o
es(ab'is%men( of Sri an5a +rm) %o %ae been moed aa) from (%e in fron( of Co'ombo
/a''e face %ic% ere acuired for cons(ruc(ing o(e' Com,'e@ b) /oernmen(*ence!(%ere is a
groing $ec%nica' ,rob'ems of (%e reuired signa' s(reng(%*
Fndn' r"+at"d to Atttud"s)
+s a dee'o,ing coun(r)! for im,'emen(ing dee'o,men( serices for (%e +ia(ion Indus(r) are
re'a(ed (o (%e ,o'i(ica' bac5ground a((i(udes ra(%er (%an im,'emen(ing (%e ac(ua' reuiremen(s*
$o ma(eria'ie an In(erna(iona' +ia(ion ub Conce,(! (%e In(erna(iona' 'anguage (o be u,'if(ed
in(ensie') een (o, managemen( (o bo((om 'ine members in (ourism re'a(ed fie'ds*
Fndn's r"+at"d to T"c%no+o'&)
+eronau(ica' Informa(ion S)s(em ;+IS< s%ou'd be u,da(ed as ,er In(erna(iona' Cii' +ia(ion
rgania(ion ;IC+essage and'ing S)s(em ;+>S< is in Cabine( a,,roing
s(age* Bu( i( (a5es muc% (ime* uring (%is ,eriod a'so (%e so,%is(ica(ed (ec%no'ogies come (o (%e
mar5e(* $%e res,onsie (ime ,eriod is muc% 'a(e in Sri an5an con(e@(*
< 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
10/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Fndn's r"+at"d to Trann' and D"#"+o*,"nt)
ac5 of fi@ed based (raining deices 'i5e ,rocedure (rainers and f'ig%( simu'a(ors ma5es i(
necessar) for (rainees (o ,roceed oerseas (o com,'e(e (%eir (raining %ic% is a drain on foreign
e@c%ange resources of (%e coun(r)*
Non aai'abi'i() of a common e'' eui,,ed aircraf( main(enance organia(ion for (%e coun(r)*
Fndn's r"+at"d to E/*"rts)
$urnoer of $rained & E@,erienced +ircraf( main(enance Cre due (o sa'ar) sca'e
com,arison i(% regards (o g'oba' mar5e(*
$urnoer of +ir $raffic Con(ro''ers due (o sa'ar) sca'e com,arison i(% regards (o g'oba'
mar5e(*
$urnoer of fire and rescue indiidua's due (o sa'ar) sca'e com,arison i(% regards (o
g'oba' mar5e(
Brain drainA af(er e@,erienced i(% In(erna(iona' +ir,or( Serices e@,er(s %ae been
migra(ing (o (%e g'oba' mar5e(*
Fndn's r"+at"d to Hu,an R"sourc"s)
=ig%( ,ersons no( in rig%( ,'aces6rig%( diisions*
+u(%ori() de'ega(ion s(i'' no( in ,ro,er manner*
=ecrui(ing ,rocedure is %ig%') being affec(ed b) e@(erna' ,ar(ies*
DATA ANAL6SIS
escri,(ie S(a(is(ics are recommended %en (%e obec(ies are (o describe and discuss a,rimar)6secondar) da(a se( more genera'') and conen(iona'') (%an ou'd be ,ossib'e ra da(a
a'one* $%e) are rou(ine') used in (%is S(ud) %ic% con(ains a significan( amoun( of ua'i(a(ie
da(a* ar(icu'ar') in (%is s(ud)A co''ec(ed da(a %ae been ana')ed (o find (%e sam,'e (ariance)
*ample *tandard Deviationand the *ample +urtosis,
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7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
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2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Tab+" 3) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Soco+o'ca+ Gau'"
Assessment -riteria *ample
*i.e
Min, Max, Mean Mode *ample
*tandard
Deviation
*ample
+urtosis
( Enironmen(a' considera(ions are beingconsidered in +ia(ion im,roemen(
,rogrammes*
20 4 4 0*2F 2 2*447 2*GH
3 Socia' conf'ic(s are being so'ed due (o+ia(ion im,roemen(s*
20 4 4 0*H0 H 2*492 H*07
2 +u(%ori() de'ega(ion in +ia(ion>anagemen(
20 4 4 0*HF 1 2*47F 2*88
1 =ecrui(ing ,rocedure in +ia(ion sec(or 20 4 4 1*H0 1 2*H47 2*G8
9 #no'edge of In(erna(iona' 'anguage in+ia(ion6$ourism sec(or ,ersona'i(ies
20 4 4 1*2F H 2*278 2*9
: o'i(ica' ino'emen(s (o recrui(ing,rocess
20 4 4 1*20 H 2*482 2*77
M"asur"s o$ Ds*"rsonindica(es %o s,read ou( (%e co''ec(ed da(a around (%e mean* >easuresof dis,ersion are es,ecia'') %e',fu' %en (%e da(a in accordance i(% drabac5 (o +ia(ion
dee'o,men(s for (%e (ourism sec(or in Sri an5a as be'os*$%e sam,'e sie as /in (%is s(ud)*
3or5ing E@,erience ,osi(ion as (o (%e ues(ionnaireA ess (%an 4 ears 02!F (o7 ears 0H!8
(o 10 ears 07!11 ears & +boe08
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7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
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2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
Tab+" 2) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Fnanca+ Gau'"
Assessment -riteria *ample*i.e
Min Max Mean Mode *ample
*tandard
Deviation
*ample
+urtosis
( $%e modern $ec%no'og) is being usedand u,da(ing (%e s(aff*
20 H 4 0*FF 1 1*910 2*00
3 $%e res,onsie (ime for ne$ec%no'og)*
20 4 4 0*HF 1 2*1F9 2*07
2 +ia(ion $raining Cen(ersK diersi() inSri an5a
20 4 4 2*HF 2 2*H7G 1*81
1 rofessiona'$raining eui,men(s forem,'o)ees
20 4 H 0*20 1 1*711 1*82
9 $urnoer of ,rofessiona's 20 4 H 8*00 1 1*921 2*22
: Brain drain of (%e em,'o)ees 20 4 H 1*00 H 1*GF2 H*HG
+ccording (o (%e ana')(ica' findings using (%e escri,(ie S(a(is(ica' me(%ods! (%e sam,'e
#ur(osis a'es of eac% /auge.s %ae been ana')ed and gra,%ica'') defined (%e concen(ra(ed
a'ues. re'iabi'i() and (%e mos( cri(ica' area %ae been iden(ified for en%ancing +ia(ion serices
for $ourism dee'o,men(s in Sri an5a*
Measures o +urtosis0describe %o concen(ra(ed da(a are around a sing'e a'ue! usua'') (%e
mean* $%us! #ur(osis assesses %o ,ea5ed or f'a( is (%e da(a dis(ribu(ion* $%e more ,ea5ed or
f'a( (%e dis(ribu(ion! (%e 'ess norma'') dis(ribu(ed (%e da(a! and (%e 'ess norma' (%e is(ribu(ion!
(%e 'ess =e'iab'e (%e da(a* $%ree degrees of 5ur(osis are no(ed: L M"so.urtc dis(ribu(ions are!
'i5e (%e norma' be'' cure! nei(%er ,ea5ed nor f'a(* L P+at&.urtc dis(ribu(ions are f'a((er (%an
(%e norma' be'' cure* L L"*to.urtc dis(ribu(ions are more ,ea5ed (%an (%e norma' be'' cure*
*tandard Deviationis e@,ressed as (%e ,osi(ie suare roo( of (%e ariance! i*e* ? for ,o,u'a(ions
and s for sam,'es* I( is (%e aerage difference be(een obsered a'ues and (%e mean* $%e
s(andard deia(ion is used %en e@,ressing dis,ersion in (%e same uni(s as (%e origina'
measuremen(s* I( is used more common') (%an (%e ariance in e@,ressing (%e degree (o %ic%
da(a are s,read ou(* +ccording (o (%e me(%od for scoring scale(%a( %ae been used (o (%e s(ud)
no( fi( (o (%e mode'* ence! (%e (a5en !tandard Deviationana')sis %as been ceased for (%is s(ud)*
1 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
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Tab+" 1) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Econo,ca+ Gau'"
Assessment -riteria *ample
*i.e
Min, Max, Mean Mode *ample
*tandard
Deviation
*ample
+urtosis
( C%anging of Na(iona' ,o'icies due (o
,o'i(ica' c%angingKs
20 4 H 1*GF 4 2*128 1*02
3 ",da(ing of rgania(iona' ,o'icies
according (o (%e g'oba' reuiremen(s*
20 H 4 0*HF 1 2*080 0*94
2 "nnecessar) o'i(ica' inf'uences (o
,o'icies
20 4 2 2*HF H 1*492 0*2F
1 omes(ic +ia(ion C%arges 20 4 H 0*20 1 or2 1*9GF 0*74
9 >i'i(ar) airbases (o coner(ed in (o
domes(ic air,or(s
20 4 4 0*40 1 2*010 0*82
: Na(iona' Budge(ar) a''oca(ions for
+ia(ion dee'o,men(s
20 4 4 1*00 2 2*H4F 1*F1
F'ur" () Dstrbuton o$ Kurtoss Va+u"s $or Soco+o'ca+ Gau'"
F'ur" 3)
Dstrbutons o$
Kurtoss Va+u"s $or
Fnanca+ Gau'"
14 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
R"su+t
-istri!ution values
through out the =raph
appro>imately
symetrical shaped?can
!e appro>imation to
the !ell shaped ormal
distri!ution.
Mesokurtic
distri!utions are, like
the normal !ell curve,
neither peaked nor
Aat. %ence, are the
collected data
Reliable for the
"ociological =auge.
R"su+t
is(ribu(ion a'ues (%roug%
ou( (%e /ra,% are sca((ered
and f'a( s%a,edA so canno( b
,ossibi'i() of a,,ro@ima(io
(o (%e be'' s%a,ed Norma
is(ribu(ion* 'a()5ur(i
dis(ribu(ions are mor
,ea5ed (%an (%e norma' be'
cure* enceA co''ec(ed da(
are Not R"+ab+" for (%
?inancia' /auge*
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2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
F'ur" 2) Dstrbutons o$ Kurtoss Va+u"s $or Econo,ca+ Gau'"
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
$%e drabac5s (o dee'o,men( of +ia(ion Serices in Sri an5an con(e@(!are s5)roc5e(ing due
(o (%e g'oba'ia(ion and (%e mus%rooming of (%e com,e(e(ors (o (%e modern +ia(ion6$ourism
mar5e( da) b) da)*ence! i( is (ime (o %ae an ana')sis on (%is regard! ac(ua') %a( 5ind of
barriers comes (o 5no %en ,a'nning for (%e en%ancemen( of aia(ion serices focusing (o (%e
groing (rend of g'oba' (ourism indus(r) in Sri an5a*
$%e e@,or(s of (%e (ourism and aia(ion serices %ae s%on an increasing (rend as aboe
men(ioned!(%e air serices (o be en%anced due (o main(ain (%e soca''ed su,,') demand cure in
(%e Sri an5an con(e@(*+ccording (o (%e designed Conceptual frameworkin (%is s(ud)!(%a( %as
been ca(ogarised as aboe men(ioned gauges;Socio'ogica'6?inancia'6Economica' (o be u,'if(ed and +((i(udes (o be c%anged in
accordance (o (%is s(ud) for (%e be((ermen( (o (%e coun(r)*
15 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
R"su+t
Da'ues (%roug%ou( (%e gra,
are sca((ered and 'i((s)mme(rica' s%a,edA cann
be ,ossibi'i()
a,,ro@ima(ion (o (%e be
s%a,ed Norma' dis(ribu(io
L"*to.urtc dis(ribu(io
are more ,ea5ed (%an (%
Norma' be'' cure* enc
co''ec(ed da(a are N
R"+ab+" for (%e Economic
/auge*
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ar(icu'ar') in (%e +ir,or( and +ia(ion Serices;Sri 'an5a
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Enironmen(a' im,ac(s are main') considered %eneer (%e ,'anning s(ages and im,'emen(ing
s(ages a'so* Sus(ainabi'i() of (%e coun(r) (%roug% aia(ion or (ourism is im,or(an( no da)s due
(o (%e u,ard (rend of g'oba' mar5e(* ence! (%e socio'ogica' conf'ic(s i(% (%e 'oca' goernmen(
(o be minimied b) (%e unbiased decisions ra(%er (%an (%e burocras(ic decisions*
REFERENCES)
+ir,or( & +ia(ion Serices ;Sri an5a< (d ;2009
(*(d*
+ir,or( & +ia(ion Serices ;Sri an5a< (d ;2010
(*(d*
Bu((on! #*! & a''! ;1999
Aviation Developments/
>icco! +*! & Serebris5)! $* ;2004inis(r) of Economic ee'o,men( ;2011< $ourism ee'o,men( S(ra(eg) 2011201G*Co'ombo*
ngan & emiro! ;0118
9701*2010*01H04*@6abs(rac(
asenia'u! >osese ;2008asse)
"niersi()! Ne Oea'and* searc%*ebsco%os(*com*
Sri an5a $ourism ee'o,men( +u(%ori() ;2009
19 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
http://gowtamrajchintaram.cgpublisher.com/http://rameshdurbarry.cgpublisher.com/http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/http://gowtamrajchintaram.cgpublisher.com/http://rameshdurbarry.cgpublisher.com/http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage
17/17
2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428
"ni(ed S(a(es +genc) for In(erna(iona' ee'o,men( ;2002< + Com,e(i(ieness S(ra(eg) for Sri
an5a.s $ourism Industry* Co'ombo: Na(%an +ssocia(es Inc*! and J* E* +us(in +ssocia(es*
Dermu'ian! eo,o'd ;2009