Predavanje o platformi za e-Demokraciju konferencija ITJ 2013

7/28/2019 Predavanje o platformi za e-Demokraciju konferencija ITJ 2013

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ITJ 2013ITJ 2013Dubrovnik, May 27 31 2013

IUC


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An e-DemocracyAn e-Democracy

platformplatformMarko Sui, dipl. iur.Marko Sui, dipl. iur.

Ivan Voras, PhDIvan Voras, PhD


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Problems of today Problems of today

division of power in Croatia?division of power in Croatia?

Voters choose onlyVoters choose only election listselection lists,,

predetermined by political partiespredetermined by political parties

Votes are divided among candidates withVotes are divided among candidates with

higher places on the list (D'Hondt method)higher places on the list (D'Hondt method)

There isThere is no possibility of choosingno possibility of choosing

which peoplewhich people from lists are preferredfrom lists are preferred

MP's with majority elect the government,MP's with majority elect the government,government then selects members ofgovernment then selects members of

legislative working groupslegislative working groups


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Work group proposal

1. work group

2. Government

Government proposal

3.Parliament

Ministries coordination


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Problems of today Problems of today

division of power in Croatia?division of power in Croatia?

Legislation work groups prepare text propositionsLegislation work groups prepare text propositions

which pass through government "tweaking"which pass through government "tweaking"

before parliamentary debatebefore parliamentary debate

Parliament majority usually approves givenParliament majority usually approves givenlegislative propositions without enoughlegislative propositions without enough

debatedebate

Prime ministerPrime minister usually controls his party andusually controls his party and

thus majority of the parliament. Very strongthus majority of the parliament. Very strongconcentration of powerconcentration of power in hands of a fewin hands of a few

Public deliberation is rudimentary, and publicPublic deliberation is rudimentary, and public

have little interference in the political processhave little interference in the political process


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Light at the end of the tunnelLight at the end of the tunnel

Today there are already developedToday there are already developed toolstools forfor

achieving e-democracy likeachieving e-democracy like crowdsourcingcrowdsourcingpublic policies andpublic policies and liquid feedbackliquid feedback

All of this is long way ahead for Croatia, butAll of this is long way ahead for Croatia, butwe must start somewherewe must start somewhere

We have chosen toWe have chosen to build upon existingbuild upon existing

legal and technical infrastructurelegal and technical infrastructure andandthus to promote use of e-democracy toolsthus to promote use of e-democracy tools

Project is flexible enough to be upgraded inProject is flexible enough to be upgraded in

later stages to e-votinglater stages to e-voting


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What changes withWhat changes with

e-democracy?e-democracy?

Internet changed the rules ofInternet changed the rules of

communicationcommunication and decision makingand decision making

There areThere are user interface experiences fromuser interface experiences from

social networkssocial networks that we can use in order tothat we can use in order toimprove the democratic processimprove the democratic process


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Project: Legislation 2.0Project: Legislation 2.0

We have developed a toolWe have developed a tool that can be useful forthat can be useful forcollaboration on text documents in legislationcollaboration on text documents in legislation

working groupsworking groups

In the first step,the Government would still chooseIn the first step,the Government would still choose

their experts, but we would give themtheir experts, but we would give them anan

environment for transparent discussionsenvironment for transparent discussions

The idea is to haveThe idea is to have expertsexperts from relevant fieldsfrom relevant fieldsdeliberate when proposing certain legislation (ratiodeliberate when proposing certain legislation (ratio

legis) through e-platform with experts appointed bylegis) through e-platform with experts appointed by

the governmentthe government

Experts wouldExperts would deliberate public policiesdeliberate public policies andand

create pressurecreate pressure on government to explain theiron government to explain their

prepositionsprepositions


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Work group proposal

Radna skupina

1. work group

Government proposal

2.government

3.parliament

EXPERTS


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Who are the experts?Who are the experts?

all reasoning that is not based on mathematics isall reasoning that is not based on mathematics is

based on the relation of cause and effect, and allbased on the relation of cause and effect, and all

knowledge of this of cause and effect arises entirelyknowledge of this of cause and effect arises entirely

from experiencefrom experience Enquiry concerning HumanEnquiry concerning HumanUnderstanding,Understanding, David HumeDavid Hume

If we would take Hume's thesis as a foundation of allIf we would take Hume's thesis as a foundation of all

knowledge, then it is possible thatknowledge, then it is possible that everybody caneverybody can

be an expert in area of his experiencebe an expert in area of his experience

In order to identify someone as an experts we needIn order to identify someone as an experts we need

to know his/hers area of experience, both in formalto know his/hers area of experience, both in formal

education and work/life experienceeducation and work/life experience


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AAI@Edu public infrastructureAAI@Edu public infrastructure

[email protected] is a national authentication system [email protected] is a national authentication system for

academic institutions, integrated with the eduroamacademic institutions, integrated with the eduroam

systemsystem

Quick access to a large number of users whoseQuick access to a large number of users whosequalifications are already known, and can bequalifications are already known, and can be

translated to initial reputation pointstranslated to initial reputation pointsThe "reputation" will be modified as the users interactThe "reputation" will be modified as the users interactamong themselvesamong themselves

Initially, this allows us to set up a platform to talkInitially, this allows us to set up a platform to talk

about the educational system reformsabout the educational system reforms


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Employment e-certificateEmployment e-certificate

databasedatabase

All workers in Croatia used to haveAll workers in Croatia used to have

employment certificatesemployment certificates similar tosimilar to

driving licence (for pensions and socialdriving licence (for pensions and social

security)security)Ministry of working relations is switching toMinistry of working relations is switching to

e-certificates databasese-certificates databases withwith

employment history data in one placeemployment history data in one place(similar to CV)(similar to CV)

We can use both these databases to createWe can use both these databases to create

initial userinitial user reputationreputation as anas an expertexpert


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Government e-citizen projectGovernment e-citizen project

Croatian government initiated project that willCroatian government initiated project that will

give e-identity and secure authentication forgive e-identity and secure authentication for

connecting with government servicesconnecting with government services

Every citizen will also receive personal mailboxEvery citizen will also receive personal mailboxfor all e-communication from governmentfor all e-communication from government

Even if it is not intended, all these technologiesEven if it is not intended, all these technologies

can be used other way around forcan be used other way around for

communication from citizens toward governmentcommunication from citizens toward governmentSuch public infrastructure is already used inSuch public infrastructure is already used in

Estonia for voting in general elections throughEstonia for voting in general elections through

internet and is considered a proven technologyinternet and is considered a proven technology


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Basic tenetsBasic tenets

We (should) have ways to verify the user'sWe (should) have ways to verify the user's credentials andcredentials and

work experiencework experience

We translate these into "We translate these into "reputation pointsreputation points""

Expert users earn their status by combining education data,Expert users earn their status by combining education data,

and "reputation" from their interaction with other usersand "reputation" from their interaction with other usersEvery input is importantEvery input is important and will be recordedand will be recorded

Enables upgraded accountability of policy makersEnables upgraded accountability of policy makers

Expert users should be heard the "loudest" in theExpert users should be heard the "loudest" in the

discussiondiscussionEveryone should have the chance to be heardEveryone should have the chance to be heard and participateand participateaccording to his abilitiesaccording to his abilities

ThatThat does not mean everyone should write legislationdoes not mean everyone should write legislation


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What about non-experts?What about non-experts?

General public (non-experts) would observe theGeneral public (non-experts) would observe the

process and getprocess and get an opportunity to educate andan opportunity to educate and

inform themselvesinform themselves about topics under discussionabout topics under discussion

This process would be a combination betweenThis process would be a combination between

distance learningdistance learning andand deliberative pollingdeliberative polling

If public disapproves of certain proposals,If public disapproves of certain proposals,

government might give up certain unpopular movesgovernment might give up certain unpopular moves

or expect further pressure from the publicor expect further pressure from the publicNon-experts could be informed enough to make aNon-experts could be informed enough to make a

decision about who willdecision about who will represent them in specificrepresent them in specific

areasareas


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Future: Liquid democracy ?Future: Liquid democracy ?

IsIs neitherneither direct or representativedirect or representative

democracy in the strict sensedemocracy in the strict sense

All legislations can be divided in categoriesAll legislations can be divided in categories

Every voter can vote directly for certainEvery voter can vote directly for certain

proposals or choose his representative forproposals or choose his representative for

that category who will vote for himthat category who will vote for him

In this way, credible experts would receiveIn this way, credible experts would receivevoting rights from all people who wouldvoting rights from all people who would

entrust them with their votesentrust them with their votes


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Liquid democracy vs BeppeLiquid democracy vs Beppe

Grillo conceptsGrillo concepts (as described by Inoslav Beker)(as described by Inoslav Beker)Grillo advocates direct democracyGrillo advocates direct democracy

but does not appear in the mediabut does not appear in the media

or participate in any discussions oror participate in any discussions or

in any confrontation of viewsin any confrontation of views

Request that parties must beRequest that parties must be

eliminated because they are theeliminated because they are thesource of all evilssource of all evils

Wants to cuWants to cut the number oft the number of

parliamentarians in half, and reduceparliamentarians in half, and reduce

their paytheir pay

He effectively channels a generalHe effectively channels a general

frustration from the apathy intofrustration from the apathy intoangeranger

Uses populist rhetoric about "aUses populist rhetoric about "a

new, direct democracy that will seenew, direct democracy that will see

the elimination of all barriersthe elimination of all barriers

between the citizen and the statebetween the citizen and the state

((CasaleggioCasaleggio))

We advocate liquid democracy, aWe advocate liquid democracy, a

system which would ideally upgradesystem which would ideally upgrade

political rhetoric as close as possiblepolitical rhetoric as close as possible

to scientific level of rational debateto scientific level of rational debate

Parties should remain as a non-Parties should remain as a non-

binding circles of like-mindedbinding circles of like-mindedindividualsindividuals

Increase number ofIncrease number of

parliamentarians to all capableparliamentarians to all capable

citizens with some area of expertisecitizens with some area of expertise

We want toWe want to channel a generalchannel a general

frustration about politics intofrustration about politics intoproactive creation of public policiesproactive creation of public policies

Goal is not only to give more powerGoal is not only to give more power

to the people, but to educate andto the people, but to educate and

inform them so they can makeinform them so they can make

responsible decisions and returnresponsible decisions and return

legitimacy to political processlegitimacy to political process


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Current project statusCurrent project status

Completed the support for:Completed the support for:Basic document editing (individual articles / parafs)Basic document editing (individual articles / parafs)

Article history analysis (diffs)Article history analysis (diffs)

Voting and commenting on different article versionsVoting and commenting on different article versions

Voting for whole documents/legislative proposalsVoting for whole documents/legislative proposals

Transfering of votes to other usersTransfering of votes to other users

User categorisation (experts, ordinary users etc...)User categorisation (experts, ordinary users etc...)

[email protected] [email protected] login

We can bring up new instances of the web applicationWe can bring up new instances of the web application

as-neededas-needed


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ScreenshotsScreenshots

The list of accessible

documents

The new content stream (Facebook-like),

includes new text and comments


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ScreenshotsScreenshots


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Text differences (diff)Text differences (diff)

BlaBla


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Short-term goalsShort-term goals

Finish minor features, finish the graphical design ofFinish minor features, finish the graphical design of

the user interfacethe user interface

Offer third parties access to this system to performOffer third parties access to this system to perform

testing and reviewtesting and review

Deploy in the academic environment (as phase 1)Deploy in the academic environment (as phase 1)

Implement a mobile (smartphone) versionImplement a mobile (smartphone) version

Implement an intelligent e-mail notification systemImplement an intelligent e-mail notification system

for content changesfor content changesVoting infrastracture can be used in all entitiesVoting infrastracture can be used in all entities

where it is possible for stakeholders to vote, forwhere it is possible for stakeholders to vote, for

instance political parties, labour unions, NGO-s...instance political parties, labour unions, NGO-s...


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Ending remarksEnding remarks

The main challenge for the citizens wanting to participate inThe main challenge for the citizens wanting to participate in

this kind of politics is to be aware, as much as it is possible, ofthis kind of politics is to be aware, as much as it is possible, of

their own reasons and motives for thinking a that a certaintheir own reasons and motives for thinking a that a certain

belief is truebelief is true

If such a citizen could realize the difference between decisionsIf such a citizen could realize the difference between decisionsbased on group prejudices and desires and his own authenticbased on group prejudices and desires and his own authentic

and informed decisions, he would be free from propagandaand informed decisions, he would be free from propaganda

activitiesactivities

"I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the"I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the

society but the people themselves; and if we think them notsociety but the people themselves; and if we think them notenlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesomeenlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome

discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them but to informdiscretion, the remedy is not to take it from them but to inform

their discretion by education. This is the true corrective oftheir discretion by education. This is the true corrective of

abuses of Constitutional power." quote by Thomas Jeffersonabuses of Constitutional power." quote by Thomas Jefferson

Documents

Predavanje o platformi za e-Demokraciju konferencija ITJ 2013