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Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIV, 2008
PRELIMINARY DATA REGARDING THE ORTHOPTERA (INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA) SPECIFIC DIVERSITY FROM
BUCHAREST METROPOLITAN AREA
Elena Iulia PISICĂ1, Ionuţ Stefan IORGU2 and Dumitru MURARIU1 1“Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Şoseaua Kiseleff nr. 1, 011341 Bucureşti, Romania,
[email protected]; [email protected] 2“Al. I. Cuza” University Iaşi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I 20A, 700505 Iaşi, Romania, [email protected]
Abstract. Bucharest and the surrounding areas are one of the biggest expanding areas from Romania. Because of that the natural habitats from this area are highly fragmented and have a strong reducing tendency. During 2006-2007 we have identified in this area 45 Orthoptera species belonging to 6 families, most of them were found in anthropic ecosystems. We have analyzed the Orthoptera species distribution according to the potential vegetation units found in the Bucharest and the surrounding areas. For each vegetation unit we found the characteristic Orthoptera species. Keywords: Orthoptera, specific diversity, potential vegetation, Bucharest. Rezumat: Date preliminarii privind diversitatea specifică de ortoptere (Insecta: Orthoptera) din zona metropolitana Bucureşti. Bucureştiul şi împrejurimile lui sunt zonele cu una dintre cele mai înalte rate de extindere din România. Din această cauză habitatele naturale din aceasta zonă au un aspect înalt fragmentat şi prezintă o tendinţă accentuată de reducere. Intre anii 2006-2007 în această zonă au fost identificate 45 de specii de ortoptere aparţinând la 6 familii majoritatea fiind observate în ecosistemele antropizate. Am analizat distribuţia speciilor de ortoptere în funcţie de unităţile de vegetaţie potenţială prezente în Bucureşti şi împrejurimile acestuia. Pentru fiecare unitate de vegetaţie am descris speciile de ortoptere caracteristice. Cuvinte cheie: Orthoptera, diversitate specifică, vegetaţie potenţială, Bucureşti Introduction
Bucharest and the surrounding areas have one of the biggest expansion rates of the building areas from Romania. This has a negative impact on the local biodiversity. In order to reduce the negative impact and to find conservation solutions, it is necessary to inventariate the biodiversity. The Orthoptera fauna from the Metropolitan Area of Bucharest has a relative high specific diversity due to the fact that it is found at the confluence of several vegetation units. The potential vegetation of Bucharest and the surrounding area is represented by four vegetation units (Ivan et al., 1993, Bohn et al., 2000). Danubian pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur) with Tilia tomentosa, Carpesium ceruum and Arum orientale (F-49 code, Bohn et al., 2000) - this vegetation unit is not very widespreaded being found in one single island in Vlasia plain between Arges and Ialomita rivers, in the north of Bucharest. The primary associations are represented by: Tilio tomentosae - Carpinetum betuli, Tilietum tomentosae, Quercetum cerris geticum (Ivan et al., 1993). They are mesofilous forests with an annual average temperature of 4-9 ºC and humidity of 1200-800 mm. These forests are threatened by an intense process of deforestation to create agricultural terrains. The secondary meadows can be found in small areas along the forests’ edges. Danubian-east Balkanic mixed bitter oak forests (Quercus cerris, partialy Q. frainetto, Q. robur, Q. pubescens) with Pulmonaria dacica (G-21 code, Bohn et al., 2000) - this vegetation unit can be found in the south-eastern part of Romania close to the Arges alluvial plain. The forests are characterised by a warm climate with average temperatures
Elena Iulia Pisică et al.
of 10-11ºC and humidity of 550-600mm. The primary associations are represented by Quercetum cerris and Quercetum frainetto-cerris. Also, in this area the forests have been cut down on large areas for agricultural purposes. The secondary meadows can be found in small areas and are dominated by Poa angustifolia. Danubian mixed downy oak-bitter oak-grey oak forests (Quercus pedunculiflora, Q. cerris, Q. pubescens, Q. virgiliana) with Asparagus tenuifolius (G-34 code, Bohn et al, 2000) - these forests are found in the southern part of the country in the Danube plain in a wide band which stretches from the western part of Oltenia, along the Danube until its confluence with Arges river. The primary associations are represented by: Quercetum pedunculiflorae-cerris, Aceri tatarico-Querceti pubescenti-pedunculiflorae, Quercetum pedunculiflorae. They are Moesic forests of xerophilous oaks which covered the sylvosteppe area alternating with large areas of steppic grasslands. Large parts of these forests have also been cut down and remains of the steppic grasslands can be found now in the forests’ clearings.
Danubial hardwood alluvial forests (Fraxinus angustifolia ssp. danubialis, F. pallisae, Quercus robur, Q. pedunculiflora, Ulmus minor) in combination with poplar and willow alluvial forests (Populus alba, P. nigra, Salix alba) (U-19 code, Bohn et al, 2000) - forests that can be also found in the southern part of Romania in the alluvial plains of the rivers: Arges, Dambovita, Ialomita, Olt. The primary plant associations are represented by: Fraxino pallisae-angustifoliae-Quercetum roboris, Quercetum roboris-pedunculiflorae in combination with Salicetum albae-fragilis, Alnao-Fraxinetum angustifoliae muntenicum.
These potential vegetation units are replaced in a large extend by agricultural terrains and building areas and can now be found in scattered patches in the surrounding areas of Bucharest. The agricultural areas and artificial landscape areas are characterized in general by Orthoptera communities of euribiont species which live in patches in the ruderal vegetation or in public or private parks and gardens. Material and Methods Twenty collecting sites from the metropolitan area of Bucharest were studied covering all the potential vegetation units (Fig. 1) (Table 1). At most sites, Orthoptera were sampled along 30-meters randomly chosen transects. The sampling was done during the years 2006-2007 from April till late October. Adult and nymphs were caught in a sweep net, counted and identified ex situ using Kis (1976, 1978). The systematic classification was made according to http://osf2.orthoptera.org/HomePage.aspx (online version accessed at 15th of January 2008).
Table 1. Collecting sites from the four potential vegetation units. Vegetation units Collecting sites F49 Mon. Tiganesti, Tancabesti, Izvorani, Lipia (IF) G21 Băneasa Forest (IF), Bucharest – Campus of University of Agronomic Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest – Ciurel Bridge, Bucharest – Botanical Garden, Bucharest – Herăstrău Park, Bragadiru (IF), Comana, Călugăreni, Bila, Ghimpaţi (GR)
G34 Vlasin – Ogarca Forest, Manafu Forest (GR), Cernica, Brăneşti (IF) U19 Domneşti, Teghes (IF)
Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIV, 2008
Figure 1. Distribution of the collecting sites according to the potential vegetation units. 1- Mon. Tigăneşti, 2 - Tancabesti, 3 - Izvorani, 4 - Lipia, 5 - Brănesti, 6 - Cernica, 7 - Băneasa Forest, 8 - Bucharest – Herăstrău Park, 9 - Bucharest – Campus of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 10 - Bucharest - Botanical Garden, 11 - Bucharest – Ciurel Bridge, 12 -
Bragadiru, 13 - Domneşti, 14 - Teghes, 15 - Ghimpaţi, 16 - Călugăreni, 17 - Bila, 18 - Comana, 19 - Manafu Forest, 20 - Vlasin – Ogarca Forest.
Results and Discussion In Bucharest and the surrounding areas 45 Orthoptera species have been
collected, belonging to 6 families (Table 2). Among the Ensifera, 17 species of bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) were found belonging to the subfamilies Phaneropterinae, Conocephalinae, Tettigoniinae, Decticinae and Bradyporinae. Six species of crickets were found (Gryllidae) belonging to subfamilies Gryllinae, Oecanthinae and Nemobiinae and one species of molecricket (Gryllotalpinae) was identified. In the Caelifera we identified two species of Tridactylidae, four species of Tetrigidae and 14 species of true grasshoppers (Acrididae) belonging to the sub-families Cantatopinae, Calliptaminae, Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Gomphocerinae. Seventeen species are found in all four regions of potential vegetation units. The most common of them are: Chorthippus brunneus (found in 19 sites), followed by Oecanthus pellucens (18 sites) and Tesellana veyseli and Chorthippus loratus (17 sites). All these species are widely spread in the southern part of Romania being found in meso-xerophilous and xerophilous biotops, especially in the ruderal vegetation. In the Danubian pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests vegetation units nineteen Orthoptera species were found. The most characteristic species are: Aiolopus thalassinus, and Chorthippus oschei. Tetrix ceperoi (Bolivar, 1887) is found for the first time in Muntenia in Izvorani forest. It is a thermophilous species found in our country in Dobroudgea and the southern part of Oltenia.
T
able
2. T
he O
rthop
tera
spec
ies f
ound
in th
e B
ucha
rest
Met
ropo
litan
Are
a.
Crt
. no
. T
AX
ON
Z
ooge
ogra
phic
al
dist
ribu
tion
Col
lect
ing
site
O
bser
vatio
ns
F49
G34
G
21
U19
FA
M T
ETTI
GO
NII
DA
E
1 Ph
aner
opte
ra n
ana
Fieb
er, 1
853
Med
iterr
anea
n
1, 2
, 4, 5
, 6, 8
, 9, 1
0,
12, 1
5, 2
0
Xer
o-th
erm
ophi
lous
, arb
orou
s spe
cies
+
+ +
+
2 Ph
aner
opte
ra fa
lcat
a (P
oda,
176
1)
Euro
sibe
rian
19
Mes
o-hy
grop
hilo
us, a
rbor
ous s
peci
es
+
3 Le
ptop
hyes
alb
ovita
tta (K
olla
r, 18
33)
Cen
tral -
Asi
an-
Euro
pean
5,
6, 8
, 15
19, 2
0 Ph
ytop
hagu
os, m
esop
hilo
us a
nd m
eso-
xero
philo
us sp
ecie
s fou
nd in
hig
h an
d de
nse
vege
tatio
n.
+
+
4 Po
ecili
mon
fuss
i Bru
nner
von
Wat
tenw
yl,
1878
Bal
cani
c 6,
18
Cha
ract
eris
tic to
the
xero
pfilo
us a
nd x
ero-
mes
ophi
lous
step
pe g
rass
land
s
+ +
+
5 C
onoc
epha
lus (
Anis
opte
ra) f
uscu
s (F
abric
ius,
1793
) Pa
lear
ctic
1,
2, 4
, 5, 6
, 8, 1
0, 1
2,
14,
15, 1
6, 1
7, 1
8, 1
9
Hyg
roph
ilous
spec
ies c
hara
cter
istic
to th
e m
arsh
gra
ssla
nds
+ +
+ +
6 C
onoc
epha
lus (
Con
ocep
halu
s) h
asta
tus
hast
atus
(Cha
rpen
tier,
1825
) M
edite
rran
ean
6 M
eso-
xero
philo
us sp
ecie
s fou
nd e
spec
ially
in
fore
st e
dge
mea
dow
s
+
7 Ru
spol
ia n
itidu
la (S
copo
li, 1
786)
C
ircum
m
edite
rran
ean
1, 2
, 4, 5
, 6, 1
0, 1
2,
14, 1
5, 1
6 In
sect
ivor
ous s
peci
es, m
eso-
hygr
ophi
lous
fo
und
in m
esop
hilo
us g
rass
land
s +
+ +
+
8 Te
ttigo
nia
viri
diss
ima
(Lin
né, 1
758)
Pa
lear
ctic
1,
6, 7
, 8, 9
, 10,
12,
13
, 14,
15,
16,
18,
20
Inse
ctiv
orou
s, m
esop
hilo
us a
nd a
rbor
ous
spec
ies
+ +
+ +
9 Te
ttigo
nia
caud
ata
caud
ata
(Cha
rpen
tier,
1845
) +
Cen
tral -
Asi
an -
Euro
pean
12
In
sect
ivor
ous,
mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
and
ar
boro
us sp
ecie
s
10
Rhac
ocle
is g
erm
anic
a (H
erric
h-Sc
häff
er,
1840
) M
edite
rran
ean
5 O
mni
voro
us sp
ecie
s, fo
und
in m
eso-
xero
philo
us m
eado
ws a
t the
fore
st e
dge
+
11
Tess
ella
na v
eyse
li K
oçak
, 198
4 C
entra
l - A
sian
- Eu
rope
an
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5, 6
, 7, 8
, 9,
10, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
5, 1
6,
18, 1
9, 2
0
Ther
mop
hilo
us, m
eso-
xero
philo
us a
nd
prat
icol
ous s
peci
es
+ +
+ +
12
Plat
ycle
is (P
laty
clei
s) a
lbop
unct
ata
gris
ea (F
abric
ius,
1781
) Eu
rope
an
5, 6
, 7, 9
, 10,
12,
13,
14
, 16,
18
M
eso-
xero
philo
us, p
ratic
olou
s spe
cies
+ +
+
13
Plat
ycle
is (P
laty
clei
s) in
term
edia
in
term
edia
(Ser
ville
, 183
9)
+C
entra
l - A
sian
- Eu
rope
an
12
Ther
mop
hilo
us, x
erop
hilo
us a
nd p
ratic
olou
s sp
ecie
s
14
Phol
idop
tera
gri
seoa
pter
a (D
e G
eer,
1773
) Eu
rope
an
1, 2
, 3, 5
, 14,
16,
18,
19
, 20
G
eoph
ilous
spec
ies f
ound
in fo
rest
s fro
m a
ll ov
er th
e co
untry
+
+ +
+
15
Phol
idop
tera
litto
ralis
litto
ralis
(Fie
ber,
1853
) Eu
rope
an
19
Mes
ophi
lous
spec
ies f
ound
in fo
rest
edg
e ha
bita
ts
+
16
Pach
ytra
chis
gra
cilis
(Bru
nner
von
W
atte
nwyl
, 186
1)
+Eu
rope
an
18
Mes
ophi
lous
and
mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
, pr
atic
olou
s spe
cies
foun
d in
cle
arin
gs a
nd a
t fo
rest
edg
e
17
Ephi
ppig
er e
phip
pige
r eph
ippi
ger
(Fie
big,
178
4)
Euro
pean
19
,20
Ther
mop
hilo
us, a
rbor
ous f
ound
at f
ores
t ed
ges,
in o
rcha
rds a
nd v
iney
ards
.
+
FA
M. G
RY
LLID
AE
18
O
ecan
thus
pel
luce
ns p
ellu
cens
(Sco
poli,
17
63)
Pale
arct
ic
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5, 6
, 7, 8
, 9 ,
10, 1
1, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
5,
16, 1
8, 1
9
Ther
mop
hilo
us, p
ratic
olou
s and
arb
orou
s sp
ecie
s fou
nd e
spec
ially
in x
erop
hilo
us a
nd
mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
hab
itats
+ +
+ +
19
Gry
llus (
Gry
llus)
cam
pest
ris L
inné
, 175
8 Pa
lear
ctic
5,
12
Geo
philo
us, t
herm
ophi
lous
spec
ies f
ound
in
mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
hab
itats
with
low
ve
geta
tion
+
+
20
Mel
anog
ryllu
s des
ertu
s (Pa
llas,
1771
) C
entra
l - A
sian
-Eu
rope
an
1, 5
, 6, 1
2, 1
8, 1
9 G
eoph
ilous
, xer
ophi
lous
spec
ies f
ound
in
step
pic
regi
ons
+
+
21
Mod
icog
ryllu
s (M
odic
ogry
llus)
fron
talis
(F
iebe
r, 18
44)
+C
entra
l Asi
an
Euro
pean
12
X
erop
hilo
us, g
eoph
ilous
cha
ract
eris
tic to
the
step
pe re
gion
22
Mod
icog
ryllu
s tru
ncat
us (T
arbi
nsky
, 19
40)
Pont
ic
6, 7
, 8, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
8
Mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
, geo
philo
us a
nd
ther
mop
hilo
us sp
ecie
s.
+ +
+
23
Pter
onem
obiu
s (Pt
eron
emob
ius)
hey
deni
i he
yden
ii (F
isch
er, 1
853)
M
edite
rran
ean
4, 6
, 10,
13,
14,
17,
18
Typi
cally
hyg
roph
ilous
, geo
philo
us sp
ecie
s fo
und
in sw
amp
habi
tats
+
+ +
+
FA
M G
RY
LLO
TALP
IDA
E
24
Gry
llota
lpa
gryl
lota
lpa
(Lin
né, 1
758)
Pa
lear
ctic
9,
12
Om
nivo
rous
geo
philo
us sp
ecie
s
+
FAM
TR
IDA
CTY
LID
AE
25
Xy
a pf
aend
leri
pfa
endl
eri (
Har
z, 1
970)
+
Cen
tral -
Asi
an -
Euro
pean
13
G
eoph
ilous
, hyg
roph
ilous
spec
ies l
ivin
g in
th
e w
et sa
ndy
river
ban
ks. I
t is f
ound
for t
he
first
tim
e in
Mun
teni
a.
26
Xya
vari
egat
a La
treill
e, 1
809
+C
entra
l - A
sian
-Eu
rope
an
13
Geo
philo
us, h
ygro
philo
us sp
ecie
s liv
ing
in
the
wet
sand
y riv
er b
anks
.
FA
M. T
ETR
IGID
AE
27
Te
trix
cep
eroi
, Bol
ivar
,188
7 Pa
lear
ctic
3
G
eoph
ilous
and
ther
mop
hilo
us sp
ecie
s, fo
und
for t
he fi
rst t
ime
in M
unte
nia.
+
28
Tetr
ix b
oliv
ari S
aulc
y, 1
901
Cen
tral -
Asi
an -
Euro
pean
6,
7, 1
4, 1
7, 1
8 H
ygro
philo
us, g
eoph
ilous
and
th
erm
ophi
lous
spec
ies
+
+ +
29
Tetr
ix su
bula
ta (L
inné
175
8)
Hol
arct
ic
3, 4
, 6, 7
, 9, 1
0, 1
2,
13, 1
4, 1
8
Geo
philo
us sp
ecie
s ver
y co
mm
on in
m
esop
hilo
us g
rass
land
s +
+ +
+
30
Tetr
ix te
nuic
orni
s (Sa
hlbe
rg, 1
893)
Pa
lear
ctic
1,
4, 5
, 6, 9
, 10,
12,
13
, 14,
17,
19
G
eoph
ilous
spec
ies l
ivin
g in
var
ious
ha
bita
ts.
+ +
+ +
FA
M. A
CR
IDID
AE
31
Pe
zote
ttix
gior
nae
(Ros
si, 1
794)
M
edite
rran
ean
1, 2
, 4, 5
, 6, 7
, 8, 9
, 10
, 12,
13,
14,
15,
19
Th
erm
ophi
lous
, mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
spec
ies
livin
g in
var
ious
hab
itats
: for
ests
, bus
hy
habi
tats
, mea
dow
s etc
+ +
+ +
32
Cal
lipta
mus
ital
icus
ital
icus
(Lin
né,
1758
)Pa
lear
ctic
1,
4, 5
, 6, 1
0, 1
1, 1
2,
13, 1
4, 1
9 G
eoph
ilous
, the
rmop
hilo
us a
nd x
erop
hilo
us
spec
ies
+ +
+ +
33
Acri
da u
ngar
ica
unga
rica
(Her
bst,
1786
) M
edite
rran
ean
5, 1
1, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4 X
ero-
ther
mop
hilo
us sp
ecie
s fou
nd in
xe
roph
ilic
gras
slan
ds
+
+ +
34
Oed
ipod
a ca
erul
esce
ns c
aeru
lesc
ens
(Lin
né, 1
758)
Pale
arct
ic
2, 4
, 5, 6
, 7, 1
1, 1
2,
13, 1
4, 1
9, 2
0
Geo
philo
usan
d xe
ro-th
erm
ophi
lous
spec
ies
+ +
+ +
35
Sphi
ngon
otus
cae
rula
ns c
aeru
lans
(L
inné
, 176
7)
Pale
arct
ic
5 G
eoph
ilous
and
ther
mop
hilo
us sp
ecie
s liv
ing
in sa
lty sa
ndy
and
ston
y ha
bita
ts.
+
36
Aiol
opus
thal
assi
nus t
hala
ssin
us
(Fab
riciu
s, 17
81)
Pale
arct
ic
1, 6
, 12,
13
Hyg
roph
ilous
and
hyg
ro-m
esop
hilo
us,
prat
icol
ous s
peci
es
+ +
+ +
37
Doc
iost
auru
s (D
ocio
stau
rus)
bre
vico
llis
(Eve
rsm
ann,
184
8)
Cen
tral -
Asi
an -
Euro
pean
5,
12
Ther
mo-
xero
philo
us sp
ecie
s liv
ing
in st
eppe
gr
assl
ands
with
low
veg
etat
ion.
+ +
38
Cho
rthi
ppus
(Gly
ptob
othr
us) b
runn
eus
brun
neus
(Thu
nber
g, 1
815)
Pale
arct
ic
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5, 6
, 7, 8
, 9,
10, 1
1, 1
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
5,
17, 1
8, 1
9, 2
0
Typi
cally
eur
ibio
nt sp
ecie
s, fo
und
mor
e of
ten
in x
erop
hilo
us a
nd m
eso-
xero
philo
us
biot
ops.
+ +
+ +
39
Cho
rthi
ppus
(Cho
rthi
ppus
) par
alle
lus
para
llelu
s (Ze
tters
tedt
, 182
1)
Pale
arct
ic
16, 1
7, 1
8 Eu
ribio
nt sp
ecie
s fou
nd m
ore
ofte
n in
m
esop
hilo
us h
abita
ts
+ +
40
Cho
rthi
ppus
(Cho
rthi
ppus
) dic
hrou
s (E
vers
man
n, 1
859)
C
entra
l - A
sian
- Eu
rope
an
5, 6
, 12,
14
Th
erm
o-xe
roph
ilous
spec
ies w
hich
pre
ffer
s pl
ain
gras
slan
ds. N
ew re
cord
for M
unte
nia.
+ +
+
41
Cho
rthi
ppus
(Cho
rthi
ppus
) lor
atus
(F
isch
er v
on W
aldh
eim
, 184
6)
Pont
ic
1, 2
, 4, 5
, 6, 7
, 8, 9
, 10
, 11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
17
, 18,
19
Ther
mo-
xero
philo
us sp
ecie
s liv
ing
in
sylv
oste
ppic
gra
ssla
nds f
rom
the
sout
hern
pa
rt of
the
coun
try
+ +
+ +
42
Cho
rthi
ppus
osc
hei H
elve
rsen
, 198
6 Pa
lear
ctic
1,
12
Mes
ophi
lous
spec
ies l
ivin
g in
var
ious
ha
bita
ts, f
ound
for t
he fi
rst t
ime
in
Mun
teni
a.
+
+
43
Cho
rthi
ppus
(Gly
ptob
othr
us) m
ollis
m
ollis
(Cha
rpen
tier,
1825
) Pa
lear
ctic
5
Mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
rare
spec
ies l
ivin
g in
fo
rest
edg
e m
eado
ws
+
44
Euch
orth
ippu
s dec
livus
(Bris
out d
e B
arne
ville
, 184
8)
Euro
pean
1,
2, 3
, 4, 5
, 6, 7
, 10,
11
, 12,
13,
14,
15,
17,
18
, 19,
20
Com
mon
spec
ies f
ound
in v
ario
us h
abita
ts:
mes
ophi
lous
, mes
o-xe
roph
ilous
and
xe
roph
ilous
.
+ +
+ +
45
Euch
orth
ippu
s pul
vina
tus p
ulvi
natu
s (F
isch
er d
e W
aldh
eim
, 184
6)
Cen
tral -
Asi
an -
Euro
pean
6,
12,
18
Xer
o-th
erm
ophi
lous
spec
ies c
hara
cter
istic
fo
r the
step
pe a
nd sy
lvos
tepp
ic g
rass
land
s.
+ +
TO
TAL
19
35
35
26
Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIV, 2008
In the Danubian mixed downy oak-bitter, oak-grey forests with Asparagus tenuifolius vegetation unit 35 Orthoptera species were found. Conocephalus hastatus, Rhacocleis germanica, Sphingonotus caerulans, Chorthippus mollis, Phaneroptera falcata and Dociostaurus brevicollis are the characteristic species for this sylvosteppic region. Phaneroptera falcata (Poda, 1761) has a more Nordic area of distribution, in the south being replaced by Phaneroptera nana. It is very unusual to find it here, in the southern part of the Metropolitan area. Also, 35 Orthoptera species were found in the G21 vegetation unit area (Danubian-east Balkanic mixed bitter oak forests). The characteristic species are Tettigonia caudata, Platycleis (Platycleis) intermedia, Modicogryllus truncatus, Poecilimon fussi, Leptophyes albovitatta, Acrida ungarica, Chorthippus paralellus and Chorthippus oschei. Chorthippus oschei Helversen, 1986 is a new record for Muntenia being confounded in the past with Chorthippus albomarginatus (De Geer, 1773) (Helversen, 1986; Vedenina, 2003). In the last vegetation unit present in the studied area – U 19 – 26 species of Orthoptera were found. Typical species for this vegetation unit are: Xya variegata, Xya pfaendleri, Pteronemobius heydenii and Chorthippus dichrous. Xya pfaendleri and Chorthippus dichrous are found for the first time in Muntenia. From the hygrophilic point of view the meso-xerophilous species are prevalent with 33%, followed by xerophilous species with 29% of all Orthoptera species found in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area (Fig. 2).
02468
10121416
Meso-hygrophilous
Meso-xerophilous
Xerophilous Hygrophilous Mesophilous Euribiont
Num
ber o
f spe
cies
Figure 2. Distribution of Orthoptera from the Bucharest Metropolitan Area according to their ecological preferences.
Conclusions
Each of the four potential vegetation units analyzed has a high Orthoptera specific diversity. The richest vegetation unit are Danubian-east Balkanic mixed bitter oak forests (G34) and Danubian mixed downy oak-bitter and oak-grey forests (G21), in both of them we found 35 Orthoptera species. Inside town green areas 17 Orthoptera species were found. The most common are: Phaneroptera falcata, Tettigonia viridissima, Chorthippus loratus and Pezotettix giornae which have adapted very well to the anthropic conditions and are found in large numbers. Among the most interesting species found inside town ecosystems are: Ruspolia nitidula, Pteronemobius heydenii and Modicogryllus truncatus, rare species which are found isolated and in small numbers in two parks: Botanical Garden and Herăstrău Park. Also, we found four new species for this area: Xya pfaendleri, Tetrix ceperoi, Chorthippus dichrous and Chorthippus oschei which confirms the need for more research in this area.
Elena Iulia Pisică et al.
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