Present status of search for francium EDMPresent status of search for francium EDM

Detector Group, CYRIC, Tohoku UniversityHirokazu Kawamura

H.P. Yoshida.

CYRIC Tohoku Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo Univ. Agri. Tech., RCNP Osaka Univ., Kyoto Univ.,

Tohoku Univ., Tokyo Inst. Tech., Kyusyu Univ.,

contents Introduction CYRIC

new ECRIS Swinger magnet

Setup Surface Ionizer Beam Transport Neutralizer Laser trapping

Research Plan

K. Hatanaka, A. Hatakeyama, T. Aoki, K. Harada, T. Hayamizu, K. Imai, M. Itoh, H. Kawamura, T. Murakami, A. Oikawa, Y. SakemiY. Sakemi, M. Saito, T. Sato, T. Shimizu, M. Uchida, T. Wakasa,

Atomic beamLaser cooled/trapped atom

High precision measurement in laser cooled/trapped 210Fr

Heaviest Alkali Atom = 210Fr : Large Enhancement FactorCooling & Trapping Long Coherence TimePrecision x 600 ~ Next Generation EDM Search

MOT

Laser

1 nK 1 K 1 K1 mK 1000 KRoom temp.Liq4HeLiq3He

Laser coolingEvaporation cooling

temperature

BECFD

Francium: Laser cooling to a few K and trapping.→ 　 Very long interaction time! Improve measurement precision!

210Fr 205Tl

1150 K : Enhancement factor 585

~102 sec : Coherence time ~10-3 sec

3.2 min T : Lifetime Stable

~ 10-28 de : EDM (e cm) ~10-27

World record

E.D. Commins et al, 2002

EEDM search ~ Laser trapDM search ~ Laser trap

High Intensity Laser Cooled Francium Factory at CYRICHigh Intensity Laser Cooled Francium Factory at CYRIC

18O beamBeam Swinger

197Au target

Surface Ionizer210Fr+ ion

Beam Transport/Diagnosis System

Neutralizer210Fr atom

Zeeman Cooling

Magneto-Optical TrapCooled 210Fr

AVF Cyclotron

Primary beam: 100MeV 18O5+

Production: 18O+197Au→210Fr+5n

70 80 90 100Beam Energy [MeV]

100

10

[mb]209-210Fr product. cross section

1

New ECR Ion SourceNew ECR Ion Source

18O beam New ECRIS: >2euA (next step), Old ECRIS: 100enA

10 GHz ECRIS

2008/July: Move from RIKEN

~ Request: Heavier Nuclide & Higher Energy

2009/May: Test start

2009/July: First acceleration

2009/July: Shutdown for Renovation-- 2010/March

2010/June: First Run for Experiment

Swinger magnetSwinger magnet

2010/May: Swinger fixed @ 45 deg.

2010/May– Test Run, Performance Check

count

210Fr (6.543MeV)

206At(5.703MeV)

Measured alpha-ray pectrumSSurface Ionizer-urface Ionizer-II

18O beam

FrFr++ ion ion

197Au target

CYRIC groupCYRIC group LNL (Italy)LNL (Italy)

1.4x107 atom/s

Extraction efficiency

Extracted 210Fr

8x106 atom/sProduced 210Fr

in Au target

3x106 atom/s4.1x104 atom/s

40%0.29%

Calculation

Measurement

50-200um thick gold electroplating

on Ni-mount

Stancari, NIMA594(2008)321

45 deg incident Swinger magnet

Surface ionizer

Rb beam

Fr ion

Surface Ionizer-Surface Ionizer-IIII

Stable Rb beam

Fr ion

Oven (W)

197Au target (1000 deg C)1mm thick gold plate

Einzel lens

Extraction electrode

Target rod (W)

18O beam 45 deg. Incident Prevent gold from flowing out.

Vertical Fr extraction from Au target Yield increase.

SiC heater + target cooler maintain temperature (oven 1500 deg C, target 1000 deg C)

Port for stable Rb beam Offline test.

Aim for: Fr+ yield > 106pps, Extraction efficiency > 10%

18O beam

(Ionizer-I: ~0.1%)

Production: 18O+197Au→210Fr+5n

collimate

Au target

extraction18O beam

TOSCA SimulationElectric field;Finite Element Method

Offline Test

Vacuum test Heating test Voltage apply test

Rb oven (Rb atom beam source)

Rb ion beam first observed at viewerRb ion beam first observed at vieweron July 6on July 6Surface Ionizer-II

Fr Beam TransportFr Beam Transport

Ion Optics(UeGios)

1. High Transport Efficiency (~100%)2. Focused Beam (φ5mm) @ Neutralizer3. Extreme High Vacuum : Differential Pumping 10-6 to 10-9 Torr4. Beam Diagnosis/Monitor System

Requirement

Beam line Overview

Deflection electrodeDeflection electrode

Steering

Cable port

Alignment Laser & Radiation Thermometer

Alignment Laser

SSD

Electrode

Under construction @ KT Science Ltd.

To be installed in August 2010.

Q-electrodeQ-electrode

After Baking (130V),Simple Vacuum TestWe achieved 10-9 Torr ! ~ 1 week

Electrostatic Quadrupole Triplets

TOSCA (FEM)

YZ

XZ

SiO2 ductReduce outgas from electrodes

NeutralizerNeutralizer Yttrium catcher

Charge exchange with Alkali vapor

Ion-Electron Recombination 1. Focused beam high efficiency2. Low energy laser cooling3. Ultrahigh vacuum laser trapping

Y ~ EWF(3.1eV) < EIP(4.1eV) → Fr atom

Li+ + Na Li + Na+ @ TRIUMF-ISAC

Fr+ + e- Fr + hν

Fr+ ion ~ keV Fr atom

Laser Focus

~ 700 mm

Deceleration ~ eV

Focus e-gun

Fr+ + Rb Fr + Rb+ @ SUNY

Which has a higher neutralization efficiency?Which has a higher neutralization efficiency?

@ many laboratories!

Zeemanslower,

MOTchamber.

e-gun type Neutralizer

TOSCA (FEM)

Rb beam test is currently in progress in Japan!

Very low recombination cross section?Need to make energy very low?

Offline setup

Neutralizer

Laser lab.Laser lab.

F=2

F=16.834 GHz

F=3

F=2F=1F=0

267 MHz157 MHz 72 MHz

52P3/2

52S1/2

780 nmRepumpingCooling

87Rb

795 nmF=13/2

F=11/246.768 GHz

F=15/2F=13/2F=11/2F= 9/2

617 MHz500 MHz397 MHz

72P3/2

72S1/2

718 nmRepumpingCooling

F=13/2F=11/272P1/2

817 nm

210Fr

6149 MHz

Verdi + MBR110(Ti:S Laser)to be installed in July/23

ECLD + Taper amp.

718nm

780nm

COHERENT

Laser lab.

Optical fiber (150m)

MOT

Neutron Flight Path Cooled Francium Beamline

Renovation Clean room Design … Zeeman slower, MOT chamber

Fr+ ion Q-electrode

Neutralizer

Zeeman slowerslower

MOT chamber

MOT chamber

Research PlanResearch Plan

2010/July Online test-- Surface Ionizer + Beam Transport + Neutralizer

2010 　 High-intensity Fr-ion beam2011 　 High-intensity neutral Fr atom + MOT

-- Complete Laser-Cooled Francium Facility

2012 　 Start EDM measurement2013 　 Establish precision EDM measurement

-- Aim for World Record de < 10-28 e cm

Fr+ extraction yield: 106 cps Fr0 trap: 106 atoms results SUNY

Experimental setup for surface ionizer-I

197Au

18O5 ＋

Beam 241Am　(for　SSD　source　test)

Fr ＋

Fr ＋Fr ＋

Fr ＋ Fr ＋Fr ＋

460mm

Surface　ionizer

874mm

SSD

Triplet-Q

electrodeExtraction　

setup

Surface　ionizer

Beam　transport　system

SSD　holder

@CYRICcourse-34

Primary　beam　line

SSD:detect alpha particle from Fr on its surface.

Surface ionizer-II / Heating test

CathodeCathode

ShroudShroud

For Ultrahigh Vacuum of Beam Transport System

TMP

TMP

TMP

Pres

sure

[Tor

r]10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

10-9

Surface Ionizer Neutralizer

Calculation of VacuumCalculation of Vacuum

0

50

100

150

200

0 200 400 600 800

T　 ℃T’

T　℃

x　mm

200

150

100

0

50

Tem

pera

ture

[deg

. C] Q-electrode Heating TestQ-electrode Heating Test

900mm

400L/s *3

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

fraction

Atom　velocity　(m/ s)

Velocity　distribution

210Fr@T=1000K 85Rb@T=568K

20

Yttrium catcher neutralizer

18O beam

Au target Y target

Fr ionFr atom

to Trap

Surface Ionizer Neutralizer

kT

EE

n

n IPWFexp2

10

Target : Gold (Au) ~ EWF(5.1eV)>EIP(4.1eV) → Fr+ ionTarget : Yttrium (Y) ~ EWF(3.1eV)<EIP(4.1eV) → Fr atom

Y target

Fr ion Fr atom

Heating (~1000K)

Neutralized Fr atom is diffused.

Oven (Y) temperature : 1000 K ~ heater temperature for Fr atom releaseCapturing velocity of MOT : Vc~1 m/sFraction of trapping atoms : 10-4 ~ 10-5

High trapping efficiency realization ~ need to cool atoms

vFr~281 m/s, vrms~345 m/s

vRb~333 m/s , vrms~408 m/s

Ionization/Recombination constantOxygen

Ne

Ar

Na

1eV 1keV 1eV 1keV

1eV 1keV 1eV 1keV

IonizationIonization

RecombinationRecombination

(rare gas) (Alkali metal)

Omegatron (user) has succeeded in the neutralization of Ar (O).

1012 atoms/secEquivalent energy ~ 20-30eV

target

Heating holder

Atoms soft-landing on target thin-film produced

Ion accel. 1000eV

VDS ~80eV

anode

O2

Electron bombard typeDischarge chamber

Extr

act.

elec

trod

e

1st focus lens2nd focus lens Decel. lens

Neutralizer

target

Application of deceleration-type slow-neutral beam generatorto thin-film (Nitride or Oxidize film) production

http://www.omegatron.co.jp

Valid gas … O, N, Ar and rare gas

Neutralization using Alkali vapor

TRIUMF-ISAC

Na vapor density ~ 1014 atom/cm2

Neutralization efficiency ~ 95%

Vacuum pressure ~ 2x10-7 Torr (= 3x10-5 Pa)

8Li energy ~ 30keV

SUNY (Sprouse)

Rb vapor density ~ 5x1013 atom/cm3

Neutralization efficiency >80%

210Fr energy ~ 5keV

5keV|

10keV|

1keV|

Rb+ energy

Fr+-Rb

0eV|

Perel,Phys.Rev.138(1965)A937

Cs+-Rb

Rb+-Cs

Cs+-Cs

Rb+-Rb

LD

TA

EDLD Grating

Trap Laser

Optical fiber (~150m)

Laser cooling

MOT

LaserTrap

Sr cooling/trap system

Neutral Fr atom

TOF tunnel

Laser room : non-radiation controlled area

Fr cooling/MOT/Laser Trap Sr cooling/MOT

Laser for Rb Laser for Fr Laser for Sr

Laser transportLaser transport

“Science trap”

Next generation EDM search: … Fr-SrUltraslow polar molecule at Feshbach resonance