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Hiu ng quang in:Tia X hoc gamma truyn ton b nng lng cho mt electron lp trong cng ca nguyn t (lp K) bt electron ny ra khi nguyn t.Xy ra ch yu vi tia bc x nng lng thp v nguyn t c s Z ln, do vy thng dng Pb (Z=82), Uranium (Z=92) che chn chng bc x tia X hoc gamma.

Hiu ng tn x Compton:

Tia X hoc truyn nng lng cho mt electron v bt n ra khi in t, cn bn thn tia X hoc b tn x ra xa theo mt gc no cng vi s suy gim v nng lng.Xc sut xy ra t l vi s Z ca nguyn t lm vt liu v gim xung chm khi nng lng bc x tng ln.i vi di nng lng bc x trung bnh dng trong RT, hiu ng Compton l qu trnh ch yu trong s suy gim bc x.Bc x s cp to ra nh chp trn film cn bc x Compton i n phim theo hng khc vi hng truyn ca bc x s cp v lm m nh chp.Nu bc x tia X hoc tia gamma b tn x c nng lung khng thay i th qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh tn x n hi hay cn gi l tn x Rayleigh.

Hiu ng to cp:

Qu trnh to cp xy ra khi chm bc x tia X hoc tia gamma c nng lung ln (1.02 MeV).Bc x tia X hoc tia gamma tng tc vi vt cht trong in trng ca ht nhn to ra mt electron (mang in tch m) v mt positron (mang in tch dng).Trong qu trnh ny bc x b hp th hon ton.