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Surface Treatments & Engineering

Metrology & InstrumentationGroup 8

ME 260

Fall 2005

11!005

Kurt Sorenson

Derek Benavidez

Colin Evans

Steven Best





#$y use a surface treatment%

!mprovesdura"ility

Controls #riction

$educes %dhesion



#$y use surface treatment% cont'

!mproves&u"rication

$e"uild Surfaces

%esthetics



Types of Treatments

echanical Surface Treatments echanical 'lating ( Cladding Case )ardening Thermal Spraying *apor Deposition &aser Treatments



Mec$anical Surface Treatments

'eening Shot 'eening &aser Shot 'eening

Water+,et 'eening -ltrasonic 'eening

$oller Burnishing

E.plosive)ardening



Mec$anical (lating & )la""ing

echanical 'lating

Cladding &aser Cladding



)ase *ar"ening an" *ar" Facing

Case )ardening

)ard #acing

Spark )ardening



T$ermal Spraying

Com"ustionSpraying

Thermal WireSpray

Thermal etal+

'o/der Spray

'lasma Spray



+apor ,eposition

'hysical *apor Deposition

*acuum Deposition

Sputtering

Chemical Deposition

!on 'latting





Sputtering



)$emical +apor ,eposition

Thermochemical'rocess

Cutting Tools

Thicker

Tedious





-aser Treatments

)eating

elting

*aporization

'eening







Electroplating. Electroless (lating.

an" Electroforming

Electroless 'lating Chemical $eaction

ore E.pensive ;;

-niform Thickness

Electroforming etal+fa"rication

etal electrodepositedon a mandrel



)on/ersion )oatings %nodizing+

The /orkpiece isthe anode in anelectrolytic cell

Coloring+ %lters color of

metals9 alloys9 andceramics

Conversion ofsurfaces intochemicalcompounds<

o.ides9 chromates9and phosphates





(orcelain Enameling )eramic an"

rganic )oatings

Enamels+ fuse a coatingmaterial "y heating to >5 to@AAA

Ceramic coatings+ !ntensetemp applied

2rganic coatings+ Wide

range of properties<fle.a"ility9 dura"ility9 color9

te.ture





Surface Teturing & (ainting

Te.turing Techni7ues Etching

Electric %rcs

&asers %tomic o.ygen

'aint Classification Enamels

&ac7uers

Water+"ased paints



)leaning of Surfaces

types echanical Cleaning

'hysically distur"contaminants

Electrolytic Cleaning %"rasive "u""les aid

in contaminantremoval

Chemical Cleaning

Solution Saponification Emulsification Dispersion %ggregation



Engineering Metrology an"Instrumentation

etrology refers to the measurementof any type of dimensions

0length9 thickness9 diameter9 angle9 etc1

#ocus on Dimensional Tolerance

0functionality9 interchangea"ility9 cost1





Types of Measurement an"

Instruments ;se"



Types of Measurement an"

Instruments ;se"



)ommon 9nalog Instruments

% caliper gage /ith a vernier

% vernier



T$e Micrometer

(a) (c)

%nalog icrometer Digital icrometer



9ngleMeasuring Instruments

Bevel 'rotractor

*ernier for angularmeasurement



9ngleMeasuring Instruments

Sine <ar

Gage 4loc3s are a""e" until t$e top surface is parallel to t$e

surface plate T$e angle is calculate" using trigrelations$ips



)omparati/e -engt$ Measurement

Multiple,imension

Gaging



Electronic Gages

Measuring <ore

,iameters +ertical -engt$

Mesauring Instrument



-aser Scan Micrometer



Straig$tness Measurement



Interferometry for Measuring

Flatness

ptical Flat is a glass "is3 or fuse":uart= "is3 >it$

parallel flat surfaces 9 lig$t 4eam >it$ one >a/elengt$ is

aime" at t$e surface at an angle an" splits into t>o 4eams

T$e num4er of fringes relates t$e "istance 4et>een partan" flat



Interferometry for Measuring

S$ape" or Teture" Surfaces

Fringes on a surface

>it$ t>o inclinations.

t$e greater t$e incline.

t$e closer t$e fringes

)ur/e" fringe

patterns in"icate

cur/atures on t$e>or3piece surface

Fringepattern

in"icating a

scratc$ ont$e surface



Measuring 7oun"ness

Measuring roun"ness using

+4loc3 an" "ial in"icator







Measuring (rofiles

GearToot$ )aliper GearToot$ Micrometer





Gages

(lug gages

for $oles

7ing gages for

roun" ro"s

=2 means smaller than desired size and should fit perfectly9if 82T =2 gage also fits then tolerance is not met



Gages

Snap Gage >it$

a"?usta4le an/ils



Gages

(neumatic Gage



Mo"ern Measuring Instrumentsan" Mac$inesElectronic gauges&aser icrometers&aser !nterferometry'hotoelectric digital length measurementCoordinate+measuring machines 0C1





-aser Micrometers % laser "eam scans a /orkpiece9 generally at a rate of

5A times per second

=enerally capa"le of resolutionsas high as A@5 m05 in1



-aser Interferometry -sed primarily to check and cali"rate machine

tools

%lso are used to compensate for positioningerrors in C and C8C machines





)oor"inateMeasuring Mac$ines

)MM'

*ery versatile and capa"leof measuring comple.profiles /ith resolution of

A5 mF @Ain at highspeeds

&arger machines can "ee.pensive although mostof the touch pro"emachines for small shopscost around ;Ak



More )MMAs



7eferences

///"ro/nandsharpecom

///farocom

///lk+cmmcom

///renisha/com

http<66///ndedu6Gmanufact6inde.htm

http<66///ndedu6Gmanufact6figureshtml

http://www.brownandsharpe.com/

http://www.faro.com/

http://www.lk-cmm.com/

http://www.renishaw.com/

http://www.nd.edu/~manufact/index3.htm

http://www.nd.edu/~manufact/figures.html

http://www.nd.edu/~manufact/figures.html

http://www.nd.edu/~manufact/index3.htm

http://www.renishaw.com/

http://www.lk-cmm.com/

http://www.faro.com/

http://www.brownandsharpe.com/

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