Project on

“ADAPTIVE FLEXIBLE HEADLIGHTS SYSTEM FOR FOUR WHEELER”

Submitted By

Nagesha Achari 4AL10ME066 Ganesha Naik 4AL10ME032

Jagadeesha 4AL10ME038 Marutesh Kurubar 4AL10ME061

Under the Guidance of Mr.Kumarswamy M.C. Mr.Arunkumar D.T.

Asst.Professor Asst. Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ALVA’S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

MOODBIDRI – 574 225. 2013-2014

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVESLITERATURE SURVEYIMPORTANT TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONSDESIGN ASPECTS FABRICATION WORKMETHODOLOGYCALCULATIONSRESULT AND DISCUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONFUTURE WORKREFERENCECOST ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Preventive and active safety of road vehicles is one of the top priorities in car design and development nowadays.

Lighting in modern vehicles has been steadily improving in the last decades.

An aim of development in active safety is to reduce the reaction time of the driver by improving visibility and thus achieve a significant increase in road safety and driving comfort.

The Adaptive Headlight System is the outcome of engineering efforts in developing the next generation lighting systems not only for drivers but also for all other road users.

That means these headlamps focus on the road in varying manner.

INTRODUCTION CNTD…..

OBJECTIVE

• The project work is a solution over the present mechanism, and includes building and demonstration of adaptive flexible headlight system for four wheeler.

LITERATURE SURVEY

• The above prototype of flexible headlights system is successfully done by the students of Aligarh University

• But the mechanism adapted was the purely mechanical one

• The project model is made up from aluminum pipe,gears,wheels,flexible, links nut and bolts, screws, wheels, studs,etc.

IMPORTANT TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Steering Mechanisms

Rack and Pinion Mechanism Re-circulating Ball Arrangement

Re-circulating Ball Mechanism Power Re-circulating Ball steering

STEERING MECHANISMS CNTD….

Variable Assist Power Steering

Electronic Rack and Pinion Power Steering

Power Rack and Pinion Steering

VEHICLE HEADLIGHTS AND REFLECTORS

Parabolic Reflector Deep Shallow Reflector

Homifocal Reflector

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED HEADLIGHTS

• Best combination of bulb, reflector and the cover lens can give optimum illumination of the road.

• That is effective long reaching focus and also the stray focus.

• But almost any best combination of headlight components cannot assist the best comfortable vision for driver in very curvy roads with smaller turning radius and U turns

DESIGN ASPECTS

DESIGN ASPECTS Steering Shaft Shaft Frame Ball Bearing Aluminium and Plywood Basement Stepper Motor LED Matrix Headlights Infrared Obstacle Sensor Sensing Object Microcontroller Step down Transformer Relay Switch Voltage Regulator

Sensing Object

Infrared Obstacle Sensor

40 pin 16F877A PIC

Basic Development Board

FABRICATION WORK

Assembled Mechanical Parts

FABRICATION WORK

Basic Development Board Circuit

FABRICATION WORK CONT....

Assembled Electronic Part Layout

METHODOLOGY• When steering wheel rotates, the sensing object fixed to it

rotates in same extent. • At initial position two sensors IR1 and IR2 are in two ends of

one black region. • Whenever sensing object rotates to left, the sensor IR1 comes

to white region first ant then the IR2. If sensing object turns to right in the sense, IR2 comes to white region first than IR1.

• If both sensors faces white region then it sends the electrical pulses to controller.

• If IR1faces white before IR2 then headlight turns to left and if IR2 activate first than IR1 then headlight turns to right. It is achieved by the programming the controller in the same manner.

METHODOLOGY

Program Description Flow Chart

CALCULATIONS

R= Radius of curvature

O= Instantaneous Point

l= Wheel base w= Track Width

δi =Inner Wheel angle δo =Outer Wheel angle a2= Centre of gravity, distance from rear axle

Known Datas, (considering Maruti 800 model) l = 2.175m w = 1.215ma2 = 1.27m

Formulae used:

tanδo = l÷(R1+(w/2))----------(1)

cot δ = (cot δi+cotδo)/2------(2)

R=√(a22 + l2 cot2δ)------------(3)

From equation(1),

For δi=1° (assume)

From the fig,

Tanδi=l/x

Tan1=2.175/x

x=124.605m

Then,

δo = tan-(2.175÷(125.21+(1.215/2)))

δo=0.99°

From the equation (2),

δ=cot-(cot 1+cot 0.99)/2

δ=0.995°

From the equation(3),

R=√(1.272 + (2.1752 cot20.995))

R=125.21m

CALCULATIONS CONT....Sl. no. Inner wheel

angle (δi) in

degree

Outer wheel

angle (δo) in

degree

Average wheel

angle (δ) in

degree

Radius of

curvature (R)

In meter

Steering wheel

rotation in

degree

Head light

movement angle

(θ) in degree

1. 01 0.99 0.995 125.21 14 ---

2. 03 2.91 2.95 42.12 42 ---

3. 4.3 4.12 4.20 29.56 60 2.5

4. 05 4.76 4.88 25.5 70 2.5

5. 10 9.12 9.54 12.4 140 05

6. 20 16.83 18.28 6.7 280 10

7. 25.71 17.43 20.81 5.27 360 15

8. 30 23.58 26.43 4.55 420 17.5

9. 31.1 24.28 27.30 4.4 435.4 17.5

10. 40 29.74 34.2 3.44 560 22.5

11. 50 35.58 41.8 2.74 700 27.5

CALCULATIONS CONT....

0 10 20 30 40 50 600

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Radius of curvature v/s Inner wheel angle

Inner wheel angle in degree

Rad

ius

of c

urva

ture

in m

eter

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400

20406080

100120140

Radius of curvature v/s Outer wheel angle

Outer wheel angle in degree

Rad

ius

of c

urva

ture

in m

eter

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Radius of curvature v/s Average wheel angle

Average wheel angle in degree

Rad

ius

of c

urva

ture

in m

eter

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

CONCLUSION• The Adaptive Headlight System will be an active safety

system.

• Implementation of this system results in good night time visibility of side of road during turn and there by comfortable night drive.

• Effective utilisation of the headlights and reduction in night time road accidents.

• Increases SAFETY for drivers & pedestrians .

FUTURE WORK

• Real time calculation of wheel turning in curvy roads with different vehicle speeds

• Extending the technology to dim dip variations

• Direct attachment of sensor to wheel to sense the turning angle of wheels

• Innovative sensing system for accuracy and continuous turning of headlights .

REFERENCES

• Alexander, G. J. and Lunenfeld, H. (1990), Report No. FHWA-

SA-90-017, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal

Highway Administration, Washington.

• http://www.bmwworld.com/technology/lighting.htm

• Automotive mechanics, william h crouse 10th adition

• U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Admin. Traffic safety

facts (2000)

• Michigan Univ. Transportation Research Inst. Use of high-beam

headlamps (2006)

COST ANALYSISSl. No. particular Cost per

quantity(Rs)quantity Cost(Rs)

1. Stepper motor 380 2 760

2. IR sensor 215 2 430

3. Bearing 50 2 100

4. Headlight 350 2 700

5. Relay 300 1 300

6. Microcontroller pic 250 1 250

7. Step down transformer

450 2 900

8. Material cost 1500 -- 1,500

9. Fabrication cost 3000 -- 3,000

total 7,940

THANK YOU