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Preserving Virtual WorldsComputer Games & Digital Preservation
OverviewDigital Preservation Today
Theoretical Perspectives Preservation Strategies Data & Metadata / 数据 & 元数据 Preservation Systems
Preserving Virtual Worlds Who cares about games? Game Preservation Problems Game Preservation Solutions PVW2: Future Research
The Problem
Theoretical Perspectives Information Theory
Sampling & Quantizaton Information Loss
Theoretical PerspectivesArchival Theory
Authenticity & Integrity Diplomatics Original Order & Archival Bond
Theoretical PerspectivesLibrary Science
Functional RequirementsFor Bibliographic RecordsData Model
Theoretical PerspectivesOpen Archival Information System Reference
Model
Theoretical PerspectivesOpen Archival Information System Reference
Model
Preservation StrategiesConservation
Emulation
Migration
Documentation
Re-enactment
Preservation StrategiesThe Emulation vs. Migration Wars
Creator Perpective vs. Consumer Perspective
Data & Metadata数据 & 元数据Library of Congress Sustainability Factors
Disclosure Adoption Transparency Self-Documentation External Dependencies Impact of Patents Technological Protection Measures
Data & Metadata数据 & 元数据Preservation Metadata
PREMIS Technical Metadata (MIX, TextMD)
Format Registries PRONOM Unified Digital Format Registry
Preservation SystemsDspace + Fedora (Duraspace)
LOCKSS (Stanford University)
DAITSS (Florida Center for Library Automation)
Archivematica (Artefactual Systems, Inc.)
DPSP (National Archives of Australia)
RODA (Portuguese National Archives)
iRODS (DICE Center, University of North Carolina)
Rosetta (Ex Libris)
Preservation ServicesMetaArchive Cooperative
Portico
HathiTrust
OCLC Digital Archive
DuraCloud (Duraspace)
Preserving Virtual Worlds 1
PVW Project GoalsTo help develop mechanisms and
methods for preserving digital games and interactive fiction byInvestigating preservation issues through
a series of archiving case studies;Developing basic standards for metadata
and content representation;Archiving key representative content; andBuilding community awareness of issues.
PVW Project PartnersGraduate School of Library & Information
Science, University of Illinois
Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities, University of Maryland
College of Computing & Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology
Stanford University Libraries
Linden Lab
Project OutlinePhase I: Background research on
preserving interactive behavior and case set definition
Phase II: Development of schema/ontologies necessary for representation and contextual information and recommendations for best practice in use of wrappers
Phase III: Implementation and testing via ingest of content at Stanford and UIUC.
You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
Problems: Defining a Game Technically-/spacewar 3.1 24 sep 62 p1. 1 000003 3/ 000003 600061 jmp sbf / ignore seq. break 000004 601561 jmp a40 000005 601556 jmp a1 / use test word for control, note iot 11 00
Problems: Defining a Game Socially
Problems: Bibliographic Control (or lack thereof)C DWARF STUFF
IF(IDWARF.NE.0) GOTO 60IF(LOC.EQ.15) IDWARF=1GOTO 7160IF(IDWARF.NE.1)GOTO 63IF(RAN(QZ).GT.0.05) GOTO 71IDWARF=2DO 61 I=1,3DLOC(I)=0ODLOC(I)=061DSEEN(I)=0CALL SPEAK(3)ICHAIN(AXE)=IOBJ(LOC)IOBJ(LOC)=AXEIPLACE(AXE)=LOCGOTO 71
Problems: Money (or lack thereof)
Problems: Copyright Law“Orphan” works
Intellectual Property Owners’ Indifference
U.S. Legal Structure / Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Solutions: OAIS & FRBR Ontologies
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
SuccessorWhole/partTransformation
RevisionTranslationSuccessorWhole/PartTransformation
AlternateWhole/Part
ReproductionWhole/Part
Representation Information
Context
Provenance
Solutions: OAIS & FRBR Ontologies
DOOM 1
MS-DOS EXESpecification
DOOM WADSpecification
Content InformationData Object
Representation Information
Preservation Desc.Context Information
PREMISRecord
Provenance Information
Intel 486 DevManual
DOOM WADDOOM
Binaries
Speed Run
DOOM SpeedRun File
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Solutions: XML Packaging<descMD> <mdWrap> <rdf:Description rdf:about=“File URI”> <pvw:RepInfo>URI for Rep Info</pvw:RepInfo> </rdf:Description> </mdWrap></descMD><fileSec> <fileGrp> <file href=“File URI” /> </fileGrp></fileSec>
<ore:aggregates rdf:resource=”File URI”><rdf:Description rdf:about=“File URI”> <pvw:RepInfo>URI for Rep Info</pvw:RepInfo></rdf:Description>
PVWOntology
Solutions: Users as Curator
Video courtesy of Internet Archive’s Archiving VirtualWorld’s Moving Image Collectionhttp://www.archive.org/details/virtual_worlds
Solutions: User as Curator
Solutions: Representation InformationNo Existing Solution
Unified Digital Format Registry is not sufficient.
Solution requires: Copies of Standards Documents… …treated as first class objects of preservation… …including their own representation information
and context information. Economies of scale.
Solutions: Play Well With OthersMetadata is expensive to
produce.
Archiving modern games is demanding of storage.
So, avoid needless replication of effort by institutional specialization and sharing content & metadata.
Solutions: Hire a LobbyistRestore libraries’ and archives’ ability to
make preservation copies even in the face of DRM technologies.
Provide a safe harbor arrangement to enable libraries and archives to provide access to orphan works.
Persuade game authors that their work has value beyond its commercial sale and that they should work with us to preserve it.
Preserving Virtual Worlds 2
PVW2 Project GoalsTo determine the significant
properties of games that must be preserved
To provide guidance to preservationists regarding the appropriate strategy to maintain significant properties
PVW2 Project PartnersGraduate School of Library &
Information Science, UIUC
Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities, University of Maryland
College of Computing & Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology
Stanford University Libraries
Project OutlinePhase I: Significant Properties
InvestigationContent Analysis of Game Case SetInterviews with Game Creators, Users
& Curators
Phase II: Strategies for PreservationEmulation ExperimentsMigration Experiments
PVW2: Content Analysis
Thank you!
谢谢
Prof. Jerome McDonoughGraduate School of Library & Information ScienceUniversity of Illinois at [email protected]
Translation by Ms. Yan WangGraduate School of Library & Information ScienceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
