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PRO PATRIA LEX
REVISTĂ DE STUDII ŞI CERCETĂRI JURIDICE
Volumul XI, Nr. 1(22)/2013
Revistă indexată PROQUEST, SSRN şi INDEX COPERNICUS
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PRO PATRIA LEX Revistă de studii şi cercetări juridice
Volumul XI, Nr.1(22)/2013
D I R E C T O R : Prof. univ. dr. Veronica STOICA
C O N S I L I U L Ş T I I N Ţ I F I C :
Prof. univ. dr. George ANTONIU Xavier BLANC-JOUVAN (Franţa) Prof. univ. dr. Alexandru BOROI Prof. univ. dr. Constanţa CĂLINOIU Prof. univ. dr. Ion CRAIOVAN Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe IANCU Prof. univ. dr. Dumitru MAZILU Lygia NEGRIER-DORMONT (Franţa) Prof. univ. dr. Costică VOICU
Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe POPA Prof. univ. dr. Mihai BĂDESCU Prof. univ. dr. Vlad BARBU Prof. univ. dr. Florin COMAN Prof. univ. dr. Ştefan COCOŞ Prof. univ. dr. Ştefan PRUNĂ Prof. univ. dr. Anca Lelia LORINCZ Prof. univ. dr. Corneliu BÂRSAN
C O L E G I U L D E R E D A C Ţ I E :
Redactor Şef : Prof. univ. dr. Nicoleta DIACONU
Redactori Şefi adjuncţi :
Conf. univ. dr. Mihaela PRUNĂ Conf. univ. dr. Marius PANTEA
Secretari generali de redacţie : Lect. univ. dr. Oana ISPAS
Lect. univ. dr. Cătălin ANDRUŞ
R E D A C T O R I :
Conf. univ. dr. Ştefan MIHĂILĂ Conf. univ. dr. Mara IOAN Conf. univ. dr. Laurenţiu GIUREA Lect. univ. dr. Aurel NEAGU Lect. univ. dr. Laurenţiu DRAGU Lect. univ. dr. Ionuţ BARBU Lect. univ. dr. Giusepe ZAHARIA Lect. univ. dr. Mihai OLARIU Lect. univ. dr.Claudiu ŢUPULAN Lect. univ. dr. Gheorghe POPESCU Asist. univ. dr. Viorel VELIŞCU
Asist. univ. dr. Aida Diana DUMITRESCU Asist. univ. dr. Mihail MARCOCI Asist. univ. dr. Cristian-Eduard ŞTEFAN Asist. univ. dr. Ioan-Cosmin MIHAI Asist. univ. dr. Sergiu Adrian VASILE Asist. univ. Amalia NIŢU Asist. univ. Ligia STANCU Lect. univ. drd. Nelu NIŢĂ Lect. univ. dr. Cătălin VASILE Lect. dr. Adriana Camelia VOICU
ISSN 1584-3556
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C U P R I N S I. D R E P T P U B L I C 7 REGIMUL JURIDIC AL PRINCIPIILOR DE DREPT ÎN UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ 9
Nicoleta DIACONU NEAMESTECUL ÎN TREBURILE INTERNE ALE STATELOR. EXIGENŢE ŞI REALITĂŢI CONTEMPORANE 18
Dumitru MAZILU STRĂMUTAREA CAUZELOR PENALE, DIN PERSPECTIVA RECENTELOR MODIFICĂRI LEGISLATIVE OPERATE ÎN MATERIE 28
Anca‐Lelia LORINCZ DINAMICA MECANISMULUI TRECERII LA ACT 33
Ştefania‐Georgeta UNGUREANU Oana‐Cristina LIXANDRU
PREJUDICIUL ECOLOGIC PROVOCAT DE IMPACTUL GLOBALIZĂRII 39
Ştefan ŢARCĂ Viorel VELIŞCU
DREPTUL INTERNAŢIONAL UMANITAR ŞI RELAŢIILE INTERNAŢIONALE LA ÎNCEPUTUL MILENIULUI III 47
David UNGUREANU DESPRE POSIBILITATEA DE A COMITE INFRACŢIUNEA DE OMOR ÎN FORMĂ CONTINUATĂ 58
Adrian‐Cătălin ŢIGĂNOAIA PROTECŢIA ŞI PROMOVAREA DREPTURILOR COPILULUI. STAREA DE FAPT ŞI PERSPECTIVE 63
Tiberiu PAVELESCU Ligia STANCU
CONVERGENŢA DREPTULUI INTERNAŢIONAL UMANITAR ŞI A DREPTURILE OMULUI 69
Ion DRAGOMAN David UNGUREANU
SCURTĂ ANALIZĂ A REPREZENTĂRII NAŢIUNII ROMÂNE 76 ÎN REGLEMENTĂRILE CONSTITUŢIEI 76
Valentin IONIŢĂ UNELE DISCUŢII CU PRIVIRE LA OCROTIREA PENALĂ A VIEŢII PERSOANEI 84
Ionuţ Andrei BARBU
4
PREZUMŢIA NEVINOVĂŢIEI ŞI SARCINA PROBAŢIUNII SUB ASPECTUL ETICII PROFESIONALE 89
Bogdan DAVID ASPECTE COMPARATIVE PRIVIND MĂSURILE DE SIGURANŢĂ ÎN CODUL PENAL ŞI NOUL COD PENAL 94
Gina NEGRUŢ CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CONCEPTUL DE VIOLENŢĂ DOMESTICĂ 104
Ştefan‐Alin MINCAN Daniela TARĂU
II. DREPT PRIVAT 109 ASPECTE GENERALE PRIVIND EXERCITAREA ACŢIUNII CIVILE ÎN PROCESUL PENAL 111
Diana‐Elena GORUN DECIZIA DE FUZIUNE ŞI DIVIZARE: PARTICULARITĂŢI. 119
Felicia BEJAN RESTITUIREA PROPRIETĂŢILOR ÎN ROMÂNIA POSTCOMUNISTĂ: UN MOFT, UN DREPT ABSOLUT, SAU O MARE AFACERE? 128
Bogdan FICEAC LA DEFENSE DE L'EFFICACITE DANS LES OPERATIONS DE CONCENTRATIONS – UNE ANALYSE COMPARATIVE ENTRE LE MODELE AMERICAIN ET EUROPEEN (II) 138
Ioana Gabriela URSU DISCUŢIE ASUPRA PREVEDERILOR ŞI IMPACTULUI UNOR NOUTĂŢI NORMATIVE ÎN MATERIE COMERCIALĂ 166
Aida Diana DUMITRESCU NOTARY PUBLIC’S AUTHORITY IN THE SUCCESSIONAL PROCEDURE MATTER 174
Ioana Mirela MIREA III. ORDINE ŞI SIGURANŢĂ PUBLICĂ 179 OPTIMIZAREA PREGĂTIRII PERSONALULUI MINISTERULUI AFACERILOR INTERNE DIN PERSPECTIVA SOLICITĂRILOR PROFESIONALE ACTUALE, CERINŢELOR NAŢIONALE ŞI EXIGENŢELOR EUROPENE ÎN DOMENIUL FORMĂRII 181
Dumitru STOICA
5
SCURT ISTORIC AL FOLOSIRII ARMAMENTULUI, DE CĂTRE PERSONALUL FORŢELOR DE ORDINE PUBLICĂ ŞI MILITARI, PENTRU ÎNDEPLINIREA PREVEDERILOR LEGALE 186
Adrian‐Mihail TUDOR
CAUZE ŞI CONDIŢII ÎN MANIFESTAREA CRIMINALITĂŢII 198 Nicu ION Lucian BADIŢA
PROFESIONALIZAREA POLIŢIEI. EDUCAŢIE ŞI FORMARE 202 Amalia NIŢU
LA FRAUDE À L’IDENTITÉ DANS LA LÉGISLATION FRANÇAISE 209 Georgiana GHIŢESCU
ORDINEA SOCIALĂ ŞI PRAGMATICA DISCURSULUI ŞTIINŢIFIC 215 Petru Sorin DRĂGUŞIN
CONCEPUL DE „RĂZBOI INFORMAŢIONAL” 222 Cristian Mihai VELICEA
Tiberiu‐George SERBAN
CADRUL JURIDIC INTERNAŢIONAL ÎN MATERIA PROTECŢIEI PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL MOBIL 228
Andreea CĂLUGĂRIŢĂ
NOILE REGLEMENTĂRI PRIVIND PREVENIREA, DESCOPERIREA ȘI COMBATEREA EVAZIUNII FISCALE 233
Marius PANTEA Ovidiu ȘANTA
PROVOCĂRI ALE ORDINII ŞI SIGURANŢEI PUBLICE DIN ROMÂNIA 242 PENTRU CONSOLIDAREA DURABILĂ A STATULUI DE DREPT 242
Nelu NIŢĂ
MODUL DE REGLEMENTARE A INFRACȚIUNILOR DE CORUPŢIE ÎN LEGISLAȚIA STATELOR MEMBRE ALE UNIUNII EUROPENE 253
Dan BUCUR Lia Andreea DAN
THE ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION AND ITS ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIVE ACTIVITIES IN MAINTAINING PUBLIC ORDER IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 265
Cristian Dumitru BONCI
7
I. D R E P T P U B L I C
9
REGIMUL JURIDIC AL PRINCIPIILOR DE DREPT ÎN UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ
Nicoleta DIACONU1
ABSTRACT Complementary legislation of the European Union includes international agreements and general principles of law. These sources allowed the Court to cover gaps in primary legislation and / or secondary legislation. General principles of law are unwritten sources resulting from the Court of Justice. General principles of law contains a complex, differentiated according to their membership of the traditional legal systems, common law systems of the Member States or the European Union's principles.
Keywords: General principles of law, constitutional principles of the Member States concerning fundamental human rights principles, principles specific to the European Union.
Rezumat Legislaţia complementară a Uniunii Europene cuprinde acordurile internaţionale şi principiile generale ale dreptului. Aceste surse i‐au permis Curţii de Justiţie să acopere lacunele din legislaţia primară şi/sau legislaţia secundară.. Principiile generale ale dreptului sunt izvoare nescrise rezultate din jurisprudenţa Curţii de Justiţie. Principiile generale de drept au un conţinut complex, fiind diferenţiate în funcţie de apartenenţa lor la sistemele juridice clasice, la sistemele de drept comune statelor membre, sau la principiile proprii Uniunii Europene.
Cuvinte cheie: Principii generale de drept; principii constituţionale ale statelor membre; principii privind drepturile fundamentale ale omului; principii specifice Uniunii Europene.
18
NEAMESTECUL ÎN TREBURILE INTERNE ALE STATELOR. EXIGENŢE ŞI REALITĂŢI CONTEMPORANE
Dumitru MAZILU1
Abstract: In this study has been underlind that the principle of non‐interference in internal affairs of State represents one of the most important requirement of the international law and international relations of States. It has been put forword that some officials – in particular in last period of time – have taken actions through which this important principle of International Law has been abandoned, and they decided to interfere in internal affairs of Sovereign States. In the study has been underlind the ways and means to guarantee full respect of the principle of non – interference in internal affairs of States.
Key words: The principle of non – interference; international law; requirements; today realities; sovereign States
28
STRĂMUTAREA CAUZELOR PENALE, DIN PERSPECTIVA RECENTELOR MODIFICĂRI LEGISLATIVE OPERATE ÎN MATERIE
Anca‐Lelia LORINCZ1
Rezumat În vederea degrevării Înaltei Curţi de Casaţie şi Justiţie de soluţionarea tuturor cererilor de strămutare, prin Legea nr.2/2013 au fost operate câteva modificări legislative în materia strămutării, înainte de intrarea în vigoare a noului Cod de procedură penală. De asemenea, modificări în ceea ce priveşte instituţia strămutării au intervenit şi prin Legea nr.202/2010 („mica reformă”) privind unele măsuri pentru accelerarea soluţionării proceselor.
Abstract In order to relieve High Court of Cassation and Justice settlement all requests for removals (gad), by Law no 2/2013 have been operated a few legislative changes in the matters of removals (gad), before the entry into force of the new Code of criminal procedure. Also, changes in relation to the removals institution have occurred and by Law no 202/2010 (“small reform”) concerning certain measures to accelerate settlement processes.
Cuvinte cheie: strămutare; cauză penală; modificări legislative; competenţa instanţelor; noul Cod de procedură penală
Keywords: removals (gad); criminal case; legislative changes; the competence of the courts of law; the new Code of Criminal Procedure.
33
DINAMICA MECANISMULUI TRECERII LA ACT
Ştefania‐Georgeta UNGUREANU1 Oana‐Cristina LIXANDRU2
Abstact: For the practice of crime has particular relevance analysis and knowledge of the relationship between offender and victim to crime since the incident, and after the commission of the offense. This allows for a true picture of the phenomenon, the mechanism of the role of the victim in the act, funding recommendations for prevention, self‐protection and social rehabilitation of persons injured, as well as a fast and correct application of the law for the offense.In most criminal activities, the roles of the two may change after the onset of the attack: he may become the victim and the victim, aggressor, according to two dimensions: results hold primacy act aggressively attack and physical harm or mental product.
Key words: criminal act, resocialization
39
PREJUDICIUL ECOLOGIC PROVOCAT DE IMPACTUL GLOBALIZĂRII
Ştefan ŢARCĂ1 Viorel VELIŞCU2
Abstract: Liability based on risk implies a causal link object that connects damaging the caused. According to this theory are not relevant psychological conditions in which the author of the damage. For victims to be compensated is materially sufficient damage to result from these acts because those who practice certain activities must assume the risks, and that the more, the more work done is for him a source of profit
Keywords: liability, environmental damage, victim injury, globalization
47
DREPTUL INTERNAŢIONAL UMANITAR ŞI RELAŢIILE INTERNAŢIONALE LA ÎNCEPUTUL MILENIULUI III
David UNGUREANU1
Abstract: In line with the optimistic vision of the future, we believe that the new rules of international humanitarian law are increasingly penetrating in time of armed conflict, into the various fields of international relations, contributing to the improvement of a good global governance for the benefit of the global civil society.
Keywords: international humanitarian law, international relations, war, military force
58
DESPRE POSIBILITATEA DE A COMITE INFRACŢIUNEA DE OMOR ÎN FORMĂ CONTINUATĂ
Adrian‐Cătălin ŢIGĂNOAIA1
Abstract: This article analyses the possibility of committing the homicide as a single continued infraction, although there are more and repeated actions through which the criminal tries to kill the victim. From the majority point of view, such a possibility does not exist. But in our opinion it is possible that in spite the fact that there are more actions of killing a person, they all come together as one single crime, committed in a continued manner.
Keywords: homicide, continued manner, repeated actions, victim.
63
PROTECŢIA ŞI PROMOVAREA DREPTURILOR COPILULUI. STAREA DE FAPT ŞI PERSPECTIVE
Tiberiu PAVELESCU1 Ligia STANCU2
Abstract: Copiii au dreptul incontestabil de a nu fi supuşi sau expuşi la violenţă. De asemenea, ei au dreptul de a fi îngrijiţi. Aceste drepturi care sunt consacrate de Convenţia Naţiunilor Unite privind Drepturile Copilului sunt condiţii esenţiale şi a priori pentru respectarea dreptului la viaţă şi pentru protejarea integrităţii şi demnităţii. Pe de altă parte, autorităţile statului sunt obligate să ofere protecţie copiilor şi să se asigure că aceştia primesc o îngrijire adecvată şi adaptată nevoilor lor.
Cuvinte cheie: abuz împotriva copiilor, programe de intervenţie, sisteme de protecţie, violenţă domestică
Children have the unquestionable right not to be exposed to violence and abuse. At the same time they have the right to be cared for. These rights are enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and are essential conditions for respecting the right to life and to promote dignity and integrity. On the other side, state authorities are obliged to protect children and to make sure they are properly cared for, according to their specific needs.
Key words: abuse against children, intervention programmes, protection systems, domestic violence
69
CONVERGENŢA DREPTULUI INTERNAŢIONAL UMANITAR ŞI A DREPTURILE OMULUI
Ion DRAGOMAN1 David UNGUREANU2
Although it was argued that the International Humaniatarian Law and the International Human Rights Law are part of what has been referred to as „human rights”, the International Humaniatarian Law (IHL) evolved as the international law of armed conflicts, having as main purpose the protection of individuals, even if this protection was not expressed in the formation of subjective rights of the victims, but was the consequence of the rules of conduct of states and state agencies. In this regard, IHL is considered to be a traditional international law, belonging to the objective legal system governing relations between states. However, the human rights have only recently been protected by the international law and are today considered as a matter governed by the national law, at times exclusivly by it. These rights have always been regarded and formulated as subjective rights of individuals (more recently of local communities), that were demanding state’s obligations so that their proclamation would be an act directed against states, mainly against their own state when resulting from international instruments.
Keyword: international humanitarian law, international human rights, human rights, war
76
SCURTĂ ANALIZĂ A REPREZENTĂRII NAŢIUNII ROMÂNE ÎN REGLEMENTĂRILE CONSTITUŢIEI
Valentin IONIŢĂ1
Abstract: Any modern community, the state organization is defined by its constitutional limits. Constitution, as the set of rules, is the place through which the “game” policy, where the main “players” are political institutions. After the Revolution of 1991, replacing bases on democratic principles was restored, a phenomenon that is founded on the legal constitution of 1991. National sovereignty is recognized by it, because it is a force for democracy. Applying this principle is made practical by the constitution and functioning of Parliament. Reviving the democratic ideas of totalitarianism failure demonstrated the viability and strength of Parliament.
Keywords: national representation, political pluralism, separation, balance, cooperation
Cuvinte cheie: reprezentare naţională, pluralism politic, separaţie, echilibru, colaborare
Abstract Orice comunitate modernă, la nivelul organizării statale, este definită prin limitele sale constituţionale. Constituţia, ca şi set de reguli, este cea prin intermediul căreia se desfăşoară “jocul” politic, unde principalii “jucători” sunt instituţiile politice. După Revoluţia din 1991, reaşezarea bazelor pe principii democratice s‐a reinstaurat, fenomen ce are ca fundament legal Constituţia din 1991. Principiul suveranităţii naţionale este recunoscut prin aceasta, deoarece este o forţă a democraţiei. Aplicarea acestui principiu se realizează concret prin constituirea şi funcţionarea Parlamentului. Revigorarea ideilor democratice după eşecul totalitarismului a demonstrat viabilitatea şi forţa Parlamentului.
Motto: „prerogativele nu sunt sentimente, a face ceea ce trebuie si cum trebuie nu înseamnă întotdeauna a face ce‐ţi place.”
H. de Balzac
84
UNELE DISCUŢII CU PRIVIRE LA OCROTIREA PENALĂ A VIEŢII PERSOANEI
Ionuţ Andrei BARBU 1
Abstract: This study presents from a triple perspective – Romanian criminal code, new Romanian criminal code and Italian criminal code – how human’s life is protected as fundamental social value. After a short historical incursion that shows how human’s life was protected from a criminal law point of view, referring both to Romanian and Italian Constitutions and to criminal codes of this two countries are pointed and analyzed those provisions that are related to crimes against human’s life.
Key words: human’s life, criminal law protection, Romanian criminal code, new Romanian code, Italian criminal code
89
PREZUMŢIA NEVINOVĂŢIEI ŞI SARCINA PROBAŢIUNII SUB ASPECTUL ETICII PROFESIONALE
Bogdan DAVID1
Abstract: Professional ethics in the judicial activity, the principle of innocence and the principle in dubio pro reo represent the cornerstone in pursuit of justice. Also, professional ethics is a condition sine qua non of organs that ensure the justice. All as a duty of judicial proceedings in that element is the burden of proof as an element of indictment to incriminate the defeandant in that case. In ower study, we tried to highlight some ways in witch state organs, entiled with the administration of justice could archive this in a honorable and worthy way.
Keyword: justice, fairness, presumption of innocence, professional ethics
94
ASPECTE COMPARATIVE PRIVIND MĂSURILE DE SIGURANŢĂ ÎN CODUL PENAL ŞI NOUL COD PENAL
Gina NEGRUŢ1
Abstract: For proper performance of the company is required to comply with the general rules of conduct, in general the necessary legislative imperatives people's attitude to be manifested in legal compliance within a legal compliance. Efficiency criminal legal norms is ensured by applying them so that people who have committed crimes should be held accountable for the crimes.
Keywords: sanctions, penalties, security measures, crime, danger social
104
CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND CONCEPTUL DE VIOLENŢĂ DOMESTICĂ
Ştefan‐Alin MINCAN1 Daniela TARĂU2
ABSTRACT: Family is a form of social relations between people bound together by marriage or relationship. Family are spouses, parents and children and sometimes others which have familial ties, including single and childless wives are a family. The family is the most consistent and functional form of human community, which by its very important functions contribute to strengthening social solidarity spirit of the members of any society. Practical effects arising from victimization are borne by society and external environment are viewed as abnormal or deviant behavior
KEY WORDS: domestic violence, victim offender, aggressiveness
109
II. DREPT PRIVAT
111
ASPECTE GENERALE PRIVIND EXERCITAREA ACŢIUNII CIVILE ÎN PROCESUL PENAL
Diana‐Elena GORUN1
Abstract: The compensations for damages produced by a civil delict will be obtained by using the exercise of civil action in the civil court. When the damages were caused by a crime, civil action becomes itself an institution of criminal law, but only if the injured person moves to the criminal judicial trial.
Keywords: civil action, criminal trial, damages, compensation
119
DECIZIA DE FUZIUNE ŞI DIVIZARE: PARTICULARITĂŢI.
Felicia BEJAN1
Abstract: The general meeting approval is the key‐step of a merger or division procedure. This article aims to emphasize the peculiarities of the making‐decision process. The study critically analyses the national law concerning the competence, timing, qvorum, majority, as well as the doctrine and the jurisprudence in the field. Matters on which the current legal framework requires improvements are highlighted and therefore some de lege ferenda proposals are made.
Key words: merger, division, general meeting, decision, companies, rules, exceptions.
128
RESTITUIREA PROPRIETĂŢILOR ÎN ROMÂNIA POSTCOMUNISTĂ: UN MOFT, UN DREPT ABSOLUT, SAU O MARE AFACERE?
Bogdan FICEAC1
Abstract: România a abordat problematica restituirii proprietăţilor confiscate în timpul regimului comunist total contrar jurisprudenţei CEDO şi modelelor implementate în alte ţări foste comuniste. Trecerea de la o extremă la alta, respectiv de la a considera proprietatea un „moft” la a o considera un drept absolut, a generat, de‐a lungul ultimelor două decenii, o serie de legi care au extins procesul de restituire asupra aproape tuturor bunurilor imobile naţionalizate şi au eliminat orice compensare a plafonărilor. Ca urmare, reparaţiile cuvenite proprietarilor de drept au trecut în plan secund, iar procesul de restituire s‐a transformat în cea mai profitabilă afacere postdecembristă pentru diverse grupuri de interese cu puternice conexiuni politice. Fraudele, marea corupţie şi iresponsabilitatea înalţilor decidenţi politici au produs pagube imense bugetului de stat, au afectat grav mediul economic şi social şi au adus România într‐un impas a cărui depăşire pare imposibilă. Soluţii pentru finalizarea procesului în următorul deceniu există, dar implementarea lor este condiţionată fundamental de manifestarea unei voinţe politice sincere, concertate, la cel mai înalt nivel.
Key words: property rights, restitution, Romania, post‐communist countries, corruption
138
LA DEFENSE DE L'EFFICACITE DANS LES OPERATIONS DE CONCENTRATIONS – UNE ANALYSE COMPARATIVE ENTRE LE MODELE AMERICAIN ET EUROPEEN (II)
Ioana Gabriela URSU1
Abstract: Vue comme une nécessité pour la croissance de l’économie américaine au début des années ’80, la prise en compte des efficiences économiques dans le contrôle des concentrations est aujourd’hui très peu applicable. La difficulté de quantifier et mesurer le bénéfice économique aux consommateurs finals représente un obstacle insurmontable pour les sociétés fusionnantes. Même dans la plupart des cas où les parties en font appel les autorités rejettent les projets de concentration en trouvant facilement qu’une des conditions imposées n’a pas été remplie ou que les gains d'efficacité invoqués ne sont pas suffisants pour compenser le dommage concurrentiel. Les autorités craignent d’autoriser une fusion entre les entreprises détenant un grand part de marché car elle est plus susceptible d’atteindre les intérêts des consommateurs. Alors la mise en balance des gains d’efficacité et les effets anticoncurrentiels est superflue dans les cas de position dominante ou de monopole. La défense de l’efficacité est un moyen de preuve basé sur des hypothèses. Caractérisée par un examen spéculatif tant du pouvoir du marche effectué par les autorités que des efficiences avancées par les entreprises fusionnantes le débat sur comment prendre mieux en compte les gains d’efficacité dans le contrôle des concentrations continue même aujourd’hui.
Mots‐clés: Droit de la concurrence ‐ Fusions ‐ défense efficacité ‐ Gains économiques ‐ bien‐être des consommateurs
Abstract: Seen as a necessity for the growth of American economy at the beginning of 80’s, the consideration of economic efficiencies in the merger control is less applicable today. The European and American authorities remain reticent about authorizing mergers between large companies because there are more susceptible to affect consumers’ interests. Then the balance between efficiency gains and anticompetitive effects is superfluous in the cases of dominant position or monopoly. This paper shows that the difficulty to quantify and measure the economic gains represents an insuperable obstacle for the merger parties. Even in those cases where the parties make appeal for an efficiency defense, the authorities may easily reject the merger project because either one of the compulsory conditions is not filled or the economic efficiencies are not sufficient to overturn the competitive damage. The efficiency defense is often a proof based on hypotheses. Characterized by a speculative examination of efficiency gains and its pass‐on to consumers, the debate to better take into account the economic allegations in the merger control continues even today.
Keywords: Competition law – mergers – efficiency defense ‐ economic gains – consumer welfare
166
DISCUŢIE ASUPRA PREVEDERILOR ŞI IMPACTULUI UNOR NOUTĂŢI NORMATIVE ÎN MATERIE COMERCIALĂ
Aida Diana DUMITRESCU1
Abstract: Recent legislative news in commercial law produces a number of changes to relevant theoretical and practical implications. This should be taken into account consistent both the entry into force of the new Code of Civil Procedure2 (rules on jurisdiction of courts, citation parties, samples, etc.) and Law no. 72/20133.
Cuvinte cheie: profesionist, norme procedurale, executarea obligaţiilor, autoritate contractantă.
174
NOTARY PUBLIC’S AUTHORITY IN THE SUCCESSIONAL PROCEDURE MATTER
Ioana Mirela MIREA 1
ABSTRACT: Inheritance law can be defined as all the legal rules which regulate the rights transmission from mortis causa. The substance of the succession comprises all the rules regulating the assets transmission of the deceased to his heirs . Civil Law gives to the Notary Public an essential role in inheritance law, offering non‐contentious alternative of probate cases debate.
Keywords: patrimony, succession, hier, notary public, authority, asset, territorial circumscription, successive inheritance
179
III. ORDINE ŞI SIGURANŢĂPUBLICĂ
181
OPTIMIZAREA PREGĂTIRII PERSONALULUI MINISTERULUI AFACERILOR INTERNE DIN PERSPECTIVA
SOLICITĂRILOR PROFESIONALE ACTUALE, CERINŢELOR NAŢIONALE ŞI EXIGENŢELOR EUROPENE ÎN DOMENIUL FORMĂRII
Dumitru STOICA1
Abstract: The requirement to develop the HR management activities contributes to the reform in the field of professional training for the staff within the Ministry of the Internal Affairs, as a development sense of the up‐to‐date system. The article relies on a thorough research of the present professional training system, available for the police and military staff within the MIA, and aims to suggest a possible approach in order to complete or to improve the standards as well as the particular strategic documents.
Cuvinte cheie: formare profesională; competenţă profesională; cariera poliţiştilor şi cadrelor militare; reformă.
186
SCURT ISTORIC AL FOLOSIRII ARMAMENTULUI, DE CĂTRE PERSONALUL FORŢELOR DE ORDINE PUBLICĂ ŞI MILITARI, PENTRU ÎNDEPLINIREA PREVEDERILOR LEGALE
Adrian‐Mihail TUDOR12
Abstract: Din cele mai vechi timpuri, statul român, s‐a preocupat de asigurarea siguranţei şi securităţii cetăţenilor în plan intern, respectarea prevederilor legale interne şi a legislaţiei privind regimul stărilor excepţionale. În acest sens, ca urmare a dinamicii infracţionalităţii interne, este imperios necesar ca întregul personal al forţelor de ordine publică şi siguranţă naţională din România precum şi personalul care participă la misiuni internaţionale de menţinere a păcii în teatre de operaţii, să cunoască, respecte şi să aplice prevederile uzului de armă, cu respectarea strictă a legislaţiei interne şi internaţionale.
Since its beginning , the Romanian state has preoccupied its self with insuring the safety and security of its citizens from an internal point of view, through respecting the laws and legislation regarding the state of urgency regime. In this regard, due to the dynamics of internal crime, its necessary for the entire personal of the national law and safety forces in Romania and those who participate in international missions of peacekeeping in theatres of operations , to know, respect and apply provisions on the use of firearms, with strictest of respect to internal and international legislation.
Cuvinte cheie: siguranţă şi securităte, legea, forţele de ordine publică şi siguranţă naţională, uzul de armă, legislaţie internă şi internaţională.
Keywords: safety and security, law, national law and safety forces, use of firearms, internal and international legislation.
198
CAUZE ŞI CONDIŢII ÎN MANIFESTAREA CRIMINALITĂŢII
Nicu ION1 Lucian BADIŢA2
Abstact: Identifying the causes and conditions that an individual is likely to engage in antisocial acts of aggression have provided useful information for testing that revealed a “multiple causation cumulative. Multiple causality indicates that, depending on the types of aggression, presence and weight those factors differently. therefore, to understand how and especially why a subject engages in aggressive conduct, punishable by the criminal law, is necessary to analyze all stakeholders: social, psychosocial and complex interacting between them.
Key words: aggressive actions, delinquent, aggressive behavior
202
PROFESIONALIZAREA POLIŢIEI. EDUCAŢIE ŞI FORMARE
Amalia NIŢU1
ABSTRACT: Modelul pentru ofiţerul de poliţie contemporan evocă o imagine discriminatorie în ceea ce priveşte cine şi ce trebuie să fie acea persoană. În ciuda progreselor considerabile în domeniul recrutării, angajării, pregătirii şi promovării în domeniul oridinii publice, încă nu s‐a ajuns la un consens privind felul în care pregătirea şi educaţia contribuie la sporirea profesionalismului şi a performanţei.
Cuvinte cheie: educaţie şi formare, poliţie, ordine publică, studii superioare, Academia de Poliţie
The pattern for the contemporary police officer describes a discriminatory image regarding who and what that person has to be. Despite the progress in the field of recruiting, employing and promoting in the field of public order, a consensus has not yet been reached on how education and training are an added value to enhancing professionalism and performance.
Key words: education and training, police, public order, police higher education, Police Academy
209
LA FRAUDE À L’IDENTITÉ DANS LA LÉGISLATION FRANÇAISE
Georgiana GHIŢESCU1
Abstract: Nowadays, it is increasingly easy to use some bodies identity by stealing his e‐mail or bank account. Because there are dozen people who claim to be the same person by using fake identity cards, it is not enough to show you ID card for identification. This method of forging by replacing the photo, but using someone’s identity, has begun spreading, not only in France, but in many other countries. The authorities need to enforce all their coercive methods to combat this type of fraud know as identity theft.
Key words: identity theft, I identity, French law, bill LOOPSI
215
ORDINEA SOCIALĂ ŞI PRAGMATICA DISCURSULUI ŞTIINŢIFIC
Petru Sorin DRĂGUŞIN1
Abstract: One of the constant challenges the human being faced and is still facing during the history is that of order, in the absence of which the human being fails as social being. On the other hand, the human being experiences his own freedom as fundamental dimension, to have and follow his own fate. This problem of order and freedom suffers many changes our interest being oriented towards the political expression and its epistemological one, terms that, through the development of socio‐humans sciences, come more closely to the positive advise knowing for being capable.
222
CONCEPUL DE „RĂZBOI INFORMAŢIONAL”
Cristian Mihai VELICEA1 Tiberiu‐George SERBAN2
Abstract: The extreme diversity of forms taken by conflicts over time is one of the causes of lack of uniform definitions and rigorous notion of “war”, and the approximate definition of the terms “friend”, “ally”, “opponent” enemy ““neutral” or “alliance”. There are several configurations of the war, according to the historical period of social and economic organization, quality and dynamics of international relations, the dynamics of policy on the options available to them, the knowledge available to belligerents, the values builds beliefs they have put the price you violent solution of weapon systems, environment safety features, the tension, the intensity conflictuality and obviously weapons systems, economic resources financial, technological, informational, and alliance relations system, the possibility of coalition composition, the international effect predictable configuration and forecast the post‐war etc.
Key words: informatical war, conflicting information,
228
CADRUL JURIDIC INTERNAŢIONAL ÎN MATERIA PROTECŢIEI PATRIMONIULUI CULTURAL MOBIL
Andreea CĂLUGĂRIŢĂ1
ABSTRACT: The study provides a brief overview of the international legal framework with regard to movable cultural heritage protection, preeminently manifest in what is commonly known under the household phrase: “The Law of The Hague”. To this effect, an attempt at analysing the legal text, annotated by the author, is made available. Articolul de faţă realizează o succintă prezentare a cadrului juridic internaţional privind protecţia patrimoniului cultural mobil, materializat, cu precădere, în ceea ce este îndeobşte cunoscut sub formularea consacrată de „Dreptul de la Haga”. Se încearcă astfel o analiză pe text a actelor normative, cu adnotări care aparţin autorului.
KEYWORDS: cultural heritage, the protection of movable cultural heritage, cultural goods, the Bern Convention of 1886, “The Hague Law”, armed conflict.
CUVINTE CHEIE: patrimoniu cultural, protecţia PCM, bunuri culturale, Convenţia de la Berna din 1886, „Dreptul de la Haga”, conflict armat.
233
NOILE REGLEMENTĂRI PRIVIND PREVENIREA, DESCOPERIREA ȘI COMBATEREA EVAZIUNII FISCALE
Marius PANTEA1 Ovidiu ȘANTA2
Abstract: The main legislative framework created by Law no. 241/2005 on preventing and combating tax evasion after 1989, was supplemented and amended by three acts, respectively Government Resolution no. 873/2005, Government Emergency Ordinance no. 54/2010 and Law no. 50/2013. Through the last amendment brought by Law no. 50/2013, the fine has been eliminated as alternative sanction within Law no. 241/2005, and prison sentences referred to art. 4, art. 5, art. 6 and art. 9 para. (2) and (3) have doubled. All these changes are designed to prevent, detect and combat tax evasion phenomenon which is constantly growing.
Keywords: tax evasion, tax fraud, budget, crimes, Government Program, the National Agency for Fiscal Administration, National Anticorruption Directorate, public order and national security.
242
PROVOCĂRI ALE ORDINII ŞI SIGURANŢEI PUBLICE DIN ROMÂNIA PENTRU CONSOLIDAREA DURABILĂ A STATULUI DE DREPT
Nelu NIŢĂ1
Abstract: In the center of the concerns of the state and public authorities in Romania must be permanently and consistently public order and citizen safety, as major landmarks which determine the proper functioning of all state institutions and sustainable strengthening the rule of law. For this purpose through this analysis we proposed to emphasize that a very important role in ensuring and maintaining public order and safety, has the judicious administration of the institutions in tasks which fall defending by both political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the enforcement of laws and judicial decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as the proper functioning at a high level of quality of all public services that these institutions provide.
Keywords: order; public order; public safety and order; rule of law; leader; leadership; integrity; corruption; anti‐corruption culture; anti‐corruption principles.
253
MODUL DE REGLEMENTARE A INFRACȚIUNILOR DE CORUPŢIE ÎN LEGISLAȚIA STATELOR MEMBRE ALE UNIUNII EUROPENE
Dr. Dan BUCUR1 Lia Andreea DAN2
Abstract: Development and globalization of the organized crime structures activities deepened the impact over
world economy, bringing in front of the world sciences and structures to combat transnational crime, new complicated challenges which imply efficient, adequate measures of prevention and reaction. One of the most violent components of the global criminal phenomenon is corruption, which
is an infiltration way and political environmental decision‐making subordination, in way of bringing prejudices to the state institutions and represents a real menace to the national safety. Properly, the countries preoccupied with the combat and constraint of the corruption phenomenon, adapts their politics in directions looking for the best answers using strategies able to cope with this disaster, one of them being presented in this article.
Keywords: strategy, international cooperation, firmness
265
THE ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION AND ITS ESSENTIAL IMPORTANCE IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF OPERATIVE ACTIVITIES IN MAINTAINING PUBLIC ORDER
IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Cristian Dumitru BONCI1
ABSTRACT: "The decision making process is the most fundamental and challenging aspect of the commander’s task. It is the result of a fusion among the officer’s will, his / her professional knowledge base, and the foundation passed on from the supreme authority.” (Gheorghe Vizanti).
KEYWORDS: management, leadership, reform program, leader, operative activities