Prof. Alaric Naudé EdD PhD

노디아앨러릭교수

Brain Lecture 2

Structure of Brain

In this Lesson:

Anatomical FunctionsBrain Anatomy

Describe the function of brain regions

Describe the brain anatomy

Brain Regions

Cerebrum

Occipital

Temporal Parietal

Frontal

Parts of the Cerebrum

Parts of the Cerebellum

Parts of the Brain Stem

Grey Matter & White Matter

Grey matter = neuron cell body

White matter = axons, oligodendrocytes , astrocytes etc.

White matter is a crucial part of determining intelligence

(IQ)

QUESTION: Who are more intelligent, men or women?

Male and Female IQMale : 1,370 grams Female: 1,200 grams

• Females have “relative to cerebrum size, greater cortical grey matter volume, larger volumes of regions associated with language functions (e.g. Broca's area) (...) and white matter involved in interhemispheric connectivity.”

• “The number of neurons per unit volume, in the planum temporal, was also greater in women than men”.

• Compared to women, men have been found to have larger volumes, relative to cerebrum size, or differences in neuronal densities in other limbic and paralimbic regions

• ANSWER: Average male and female IQ is the same. Males, on average, excel on some factors; females on others.

IQ Distribution

Female Brain VS Male Brain

Resting Brain Activity

M & F Instincts

• Men take a more fact-based approach to their environment, often scanning for threats and challenges.

• Women tend to take a more intuitive approach because they perceive people and events more deeply and with greater memory capacity.

Other Instincts

Male: Convergent thinking. Define and clarify the problem and begin by eliminating and isolating issues.

1Female: define in broader terms and examine a wider array of potential factors before going into solution mode.

2Women want to talk out problems

3Men want to start solving right away

4

Non-Convergent VS Convergent Thinking

Naudé’s Dimorphic Relational Symbiosis Model

Sex differences in brain

• Female Prefrontal Cortex develops at an earlier age than males.

• Take less risks than males at when young.

• Females have larger Prefrontal Cortex – detail detection

• Males have larger Amygdala – threat detection

Corpus Callosum

• Interhemispheric connection 25% larger in females

• Males think in straight lines

• Females think in webs

• Males : good at focusing, getting rid of extraneous data, and pushing full steam ahead.

• Females : good at holistic thinking, contextualizing ideas, drawing new connections and identifying new factors.

Brain Hormones• Oxytocin- social

attachment hormone

• Females : Increases with pleasant conversation, decreases when ignored or abandoned.

• Males: Oxytocin must remain balanced. Too much oxytocin in males will decrease testosterone and increase stress.

BibliographyNaude, Alaric (2019) “Introduction to Mammalian and Human Dimorphism: A Biological Approach

to Understanding True Masculinity and Femininity” - New Male Studies - An International Journal

(AIMHS- Australian Institute of Male Health & Studies)

Johnson, W; Bouchard Jr., Thomas J. (2005-07-01). "The structure of human intelligence: It is

verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized". Intelligence. 33 (4): 393–

416. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.12.002.

Jensen, A.R. (1980). “Bias in mental testing.” New York: Free Press.

Jensen, A. R., & Reynolds, C. R. (1983), Sex differences on the WISC-R. Personality and

Individual Differences, 4, 223-226.

Lynn, R., & Irwing, P. (2004). “Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis.”

Intelligence, 32(5), 481-498

Thank You

END OF LECTURE

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