Profesionales-Digitales-Webpositer-

7/30/2019 Profesionales-Digitales-Webpositer-

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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU

G{pizgu4 Mgzg Diu Uhefkt Qgckht{kcg | Kclug PizzknziugK`lpiz4 ^kjriulpkz@luki# Cg|i{p4 Dgqlkz Akzhh`kt Fkzgu

:27: ^kjriulpkz~~~(~kjriulpkz(eim

Piìu ciu `kzkefiu zkukzqgìu( Kupk cljzi kup rzipknlì riz ciu `kzkefiu `kg{piz( Hlhn{hg rgzpk `k kupg r{jclegelh r{k`k ukz zkrzi`{el`g# gcmgekhg-`g kh gcnh ulupkmg `k zke{rkzgelh# i pzghumlpl`g `k hlhn{hg aizmg | rizhlhnh mk`li# kckepzhlei i mkehlei# lhec{|khì aipieirlg# ulh g{pizltgelhrzkqlg `kc k`lpiz(

Pi`gu cgu `kmu mgzegu eimkzelgcku# himjzku eimkzelgcku# mgzegu `k ukz-qleli | ciniu mkhelihgìu kh kupk ulpli rkzpkhkekh g u{u eimrggu eizzku-rih`lkhpku(


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Rzcini `k Gh`zu PickìFgjcgz `k ciu rziakulihgcku :(2 hiu ulpg ghpk kc h{kqi kuekhgzli w{k fg ulì

nkhkzgì pzgu cg kqic{elh w{k cgu kmrzkugu fgh kvrkzlmkhpgì `{zghpk ciucplmiu giu( Kql`khpkmkhpk# cg rziclakzgelh `k cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu klhpkzhkp# fgh ulì `kpihghpku w{k gjzlkzih cgu r{kzpgu g kupk lhmkhui m{hì

rgzgckci | `lnlpgc `k nzgh`ku irizp{hl`g`ku | riuljlcl`g`ku(

@{zghpk kupk zkeizzlì# cg eim{hlegelh# kc mgzokplhn | cg r{jclel`g` fgh`kmiupzgì u{ egrgel`g` `k g`grpgelh rgzg eihuicl`gzuk | g`grpgzuk g cgu

h{kqgu pkh`khelgu | hkekul`g`ku( Uk fgh zklhqkhpgì cgu ck|ku | azm{cgu `k cgmkzegìpkehlg | pgmjlh - emi hi - ciu rziakulihgcku(

G rkugz `k hi eim{cngz eih kc {ui `k kplw{kpgu# kupg ku uici {hg aizmg `kqlhe{cgz i `lakzkhelgz g gw{kcciu rziakulihgcku w{k fgh `kdgì gpzu u{ qlkdggrgzlkhelg rgzg mi`kzhltgzuk( Eimi {hg mi`g# eih ci cplmi# grziqkefghìpiì kc ripkhelgc `k cgu pkehicingu w{k gfizg rkzmlpkh g cgu kmrzkugu {hgeim{hlegelh mu zrl`g# `lzkepg | jl`lzkeelihgc# | w{k g u{ qkt iazkek cg

riuljlcl`g` `k gep{gz kh ciegc rkhughì kh ncijgc i pzgurgugz cgu azihpkzgu w{kghpku clmlpgjgh cg kvrghulh `k m{efiu hknieliu(

@ku`k cgu zk`ku uielgcku fgupg ciu h{kqiu `luriulplqiu mqlcku# eimi pgjckpu| umgzprfihku# fgh `gì {hg h{kqg `lmkhulh gc mgzokplhn( Gfizg uih cgu

rzirlgu kmrzkugu cgu w{k `kjkh fgekz {hg gr{kupg ukn{zg | hi `kdgz rgugz kcpzkh w{k hiu pzghurizpk kh kupk qlgdk kmielihghpk fgelg kc a{p{zi `kc w{k pghpguqkeku fgjcgmiu | w{k fi| fg cckngì g h{kupzi rzkukhpk(

Riz u{kzpk# `{zghpk piìu kupiu giu# fg| w{lkhku hi kdgzih rgugz cg irizp{hl`g``k eihqkzplzuk kh qlgdkzi | pzghuaizmgzuk kh {h qkz`g`kzi rziakulihgc :(2# `k

e{|g kvrkzlkhelg | pkuplmihli ri`kmiu qgckzhiu rgzg `kurkdgz pi`gu cgu `{`gu#i pimgz eimi gclelkhpk rgzg `gz ulh mlkìu h{kupzi nzgh ugcpi g cg kzg `lnlpgc(

Gu fg w{k`gì zkackdgì kh cg cgjiz w{k ^kjriulpkz fg qkhlì `kugzziccghì gpzgqu `k ciu lhh{mkzgjcku pkuplmihliu `k kvrkzpiu | rziakulihgcku `kupgegìuw{k# k gcn{hg aizmg# fgh kmiupzgì eih vlpi u{ qgcg | u{ cgjiz kh mcplrckumjlpiu zkcgelihgìu eih kupk kvpkhui keiulupkmg(

Rziakulihgcku w{k gjgh`kzgh k lmr{cugh pkh`khelgu | e{|i ugjkz w{k`g kvr{kupi| gc `kue{jlkzpi kh pi`gu | eg`g {hg `k u{u zkur{kupgu(

RZCINI


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Kh ^kjriulpkzcckqgmiu mu `k 7: giu `k`legìu gc mgzokplhn ihclhk | fkmiupkhlì kc rzlqlcknli `k qlqlz cg zkqic{elh `lnlpgc kh rzlmkzg rkzuihg( Fkmiuguluplì gc hgelmlkhpi `kc UKI kh h{kupzi rgu | ci fkmiu qlupi ezkekz# ulkmrzkg`grphìhiu ci mkdiz riuljck g u{u eihplh{iu egmjliu# rgzg rihkz kc ohi~fi~ g`w{lzlì gc ukzqleli `k h{kupziu eclkhpku( Pgmjlh fkmiu ulì pkuplniu `kcgctgmlkhpi `k cgu zk`ku uielgcku eimi kc h{kqi eghgc `k eim{hlegelh khpzkkmrzkugu | eclkhpku(

Kh kupk m{hì `lnlpgc kh eihupghpk kqic{elh zku{cpg eimrclegì rzk`kelz w{ku ci w{k uk cckqgz mgghg i w{ pehlegu | fkzzgmlkhpgu a{helihgzh mkdiz(

Ci hlei w{k rkzmghkek lhm{pgjck g pzgqu `k ciu giu uih cgu rkzuihgu | u{ulhw{lkp{`ku rgzg ukn{lz rzinzkughì kh Lhpkzhkp(

Kupiu h{kqiu kmrzkh`kìzku# g ciu w{k fkmiu `khimlhgì Rziakulihgcku@lnlpBcku# uih ciu w{k fkmiu w{kzlì zkpzgpgz kh cgu rnlhgu `k kupk cljzi( Gpzgqu `k u{u kvrkzlkhelgu rkzuihgcku | `k u{u eguiu `k vlpi &| gcnh azgegui,

rzkpkh`kmiu gekzegz u{ geplp{` khp{ulgupg | u{u eihukdiu g ciu ckepizku lhpkzkugìukh kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk( Fgh ulì ekzeg `k 02 pkuplmihliu kh rzlmkzg rkzuihgw{k fkmiu zkeirlcgì g ci cgzni `kc gi eih cg lhpkhelh `k grizpgz qgciz zkgc gh{kupziu ckepizku | eclkhpku(

E{gcw{lkz rziakulihgc g egzni `kc mgzokplhn `k {hg kmrzkug kheihpzgz kh kupkcljzi {hg qgcliug zkeirlcgelh `k eihukdiu# ghclulu | pkh`khelgu `k cgu cplmgu

Lgol Piqgz@lnlpgc Mghgnkz `k ^kjriulpkz

p~lppkz(eim)ukimkhpgc

clhok`lh(eim)lh)lhgolpiqgz

rc{u(niinck(eim)72;0::0>66>1>;016:560

RZKUKHPGELH


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hiqk`g`ku kh e{ghpi g UKI &Riulelihgmlkhpi kh J{uegìzku,# UKM &Mgzokplhnkh J{uegìzku,# UMI &Irplmltgelh `k Zk`ku Uielgcku, | Mgzokplhn Ihclhk kh

nkhkzgc(

Gulmlumi# ciu ckepizku mkhiu kvrkzlmkhpgìu rkzi eih cg lhw{lkp{` k `k`legzukg gcn{hg rziakulh :(2# qkzh kh kupk cljzi {hg ri`kziug a{khpk `k lhurlzgelh

rgzg g|{`gzcku g `kel lz emi geimkpkz cg rzkukhelg `k u{u rzi|kepiu i hknieliukh Lhpkzhkp(Ci w{k kmrkt eimi {hg mghkzg `lèpleg `k pzghumlplz eihielmlkhpi g ciuu{uezlrpizku `k h{kupzi Jcin# uk fg gegjgì eihqlzplkhì kh {h {hlqkzui rzirli`k ugjl`{zg lnlpgc w{k kurkzgmiu w{k ciu ckepizku luaz{pkh pghpi eimi hiuipziuci flelmiu mlkhpzgu ci eihupz{gmiu(

Kupgmiu ukn{ziu `k w{k Rziakulihgcku @lnlpBcku pkh`z {hg j{khg geinl`g(Riz h{kupzg rgzpk# |g kupgmiu pzgjgdghì eih lc{ulh kh cg ukn{h`g pkmrizg`g k

khpzkqlupgu w{k kmrktgzkmiu g r{jclegz g rzlhelrliu `k gi(H{kupzi mu ulhekzi gnzg`kelmlkhpi rgzg piìu ciu w{k fgh eicgjizgì khcg k`lelh `k kupk cljzi |# riz u{r{kupi# h{kupzi zkeihielmlkhpi g piìu ciu

rziakulihgcku :(2 w{k fgh eimrgzplì eih hiuipziu u{ plkmri | kvrkzlkhelg(

M{efulmgu nzgelgu(

Lgol Piqgz@lnlpgc Mghgnkz `k ^kjriulpkz


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Pk iazkekmiu kupk kJiio `k mgzokplhn w{k zkeirlcg

khpzkqlupgu eihek`l`gu g rkzuihgcl`g`ku zkckqghpku khkupk mjlpi( U{u zkeimkh`gelihku | qlulh rkzuihgc uijzk`luelrclhgu eimi kc Mgzokplhn kh J{uegìzku# cg Ghgcpleg

^kj# kc Q`ki Mgzokplhn i kc Mgzokplhn kh Zk`ku Uielgcukn{zi w{k pk ukzh `k nzgh g|{`g(

- h`lek `k khpzkqlupgu -


Gh`zu PickìEKI `k R{zimgzokplhn(eim

rn(77

uegz `kc UghpiRlihkzi | `lq{cngìz `k Mgzokplhn `k Gpzgeelh | Rkzuihgc Jzgh`lhn

rn(7

Rk`zi ZijckìKvrkzpi kh Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh

rn(0;

Dgqlkz Ekcg|gUieli a{h`gìz `k @iuìek(eim

rn(;7

Efkmg Mgzphkt-RzlkniEihu{cpiz# rcghhkz | aizmgìz `k Mgzokplhn Lhpkzgeplqi

rn(15

Pzluph Kcukn{lKurkelgclupg kh Ghgcpleg | Mpzleg ^kj

rn(1>


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Kqg Ughgn{uphKvrkzpg kh Mgzokplhn `k Eihpkhl`iu

rn(6;

Ezluplhg Gek`Kvrkzpg kh Eim{hlegelh @lnlpgc

rn(


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Kc rziakulihgc :(2 hgek

| eg`g `g uk zkfgekGckvlu Crkt# MgzEim Mghgnkz `k ^kjriulpkz

Dgqlkz Niì|Eia{h`gìz | lzkepiz k Mlh \i{z Uielgc Mk lg | Mlh \i{z Zkr{pgplih

rn(::>

Ghg Hlkpi Ef{zz{eg@lzkepizg `k Kupzgpknlg | Mgzokplhn @lnlpgc `k ^kj Kmrzkug :(2

rn(:55

Ngj| Egupkccghiu@lzkepizg ezkgplqg | EKI `k UzJ{zhu

rn(:0;

Luzg NgzegGhgclupg `k zkakzkhelg lhpkzhgelihgc kh Hk~ Mk`lg

rn(:;5

Ghhk-Uirflk M{cclkzEKI `k Egjkupgh Urglh

rn(:1>

Hgefi UimgciRzkul`khpk kh kc mkzegì k{zirki `k Gclek(eim | kvrkzpi kh kEimmkzek rn(:>


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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(77



agekjiio(eim)gh`zkupickì

ku(clhok`lh(eim)lh)gh`zkupickì

~~~(r{zimgzokplhn(eim

Kh ^kjriulpkz pkhkmiu kc rcgekz `k lhg{n{zgz h{kupzg ukeelh `kkhpzkqlupgu eih {h eicgjizgìz m{| kurkelgc gc w{k grzkelgmium{efi# pghpi rziakulihgc eimi rkzuihgcmkhpk4 Gh`zu Pickì( U{kvrkzlkhelg | eihielmlkhpiu {hlìu g ciu rzepleiu eihukdiu `gìu khkupg gmkhg efgzcg g|{`gh g l`khplalegz cgu ecgqku rgzg kmrzkh`kz khLhpkzhkp eih vlpi# gc plkmri w{k ghgcltg cg kvekckhpk ulp{gelh w{kqlqk kh Kurgg kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk# {h ukepiz w{k kup kmiupzghì{hg nzgh mg`{zkt | hi `kdg `k ezkekz `g g `g(

@k kurzlp{ lhw{lkpi | gjlkzpi ulkmrzk g gazihpgz h{kqiu zkpiu#Gh`zu Pickì

&BR{ziMgzokplhn, ku a{h`gìz | lzkepiz k R{ziMgzokplhn(eim# kc lgzli lnlpgcc`kz `k R{jclel`g`# Mgzokplhn | Uielgc Mk`lg kh kurgic | piì {h zkakzkhpkpghpi rgzg rziakulihgcku eimi rgzg ciu grgulihgìu `k kupk m{hì w{k hiuuizrzkh`k eg`g `g eih lhezkjcku irizp{hl`g`ku | gqgheku(

U{u rgcgjzgu ulhekzgu | u{ rzia{hì ghclulu `kc m{hì `k cg R{jclel`g` | kcMgzokplhn kh Lhpkzhkp - kuekhgzliu kh ciu w{k uk m{kqk eimi rkt kh kc gn{g -`kdgh rgpkhpk u{u mu `k 7; giu `k`legìu g kvrcizgz# ezkgz k lhhiqgz eih kc`luki# cg r{jclel`g` | cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu eimi lhukrgzgjcku eimrgkzgu


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CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(7:RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU

`k gqkhp{zgu(

Diqkh rkzi uijzg`gmkhpk rzkrgzgì# kh kupg khpzkqlupg Gh`zu Pickì ghlmgg ciu kmrzkh`kìzku :(2 g c{efgz riz u{u mkpgu pzgjgdghì ulh `kueghui#mkdizghì eg`g g | hìci piì eih Lhpkzhkp eimi pkch k aihì# {h mk`lizkrckpi `k irizp{hl`g`ku ulh `kurkz`leli gcn{hi(

Azkhpk g {h rghizgmg keihmlei riei kurkzghtgìz# cgu rgcgjzgu `kc EKI`k Nz{ri Mk`lghti uih {h g{phplei uirci `k irplmlumi# |g w{k mghlalkupghkc kvekckhpk kupgì `k aizmg `kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk( Ku mu# kh kupk kuekhgzlilhkupgjck# cgu kmrzkugu w{k g`qlkzpgh kc khizmk rkui w{k plkhk kh cg gep{gcl`g`Lhpkzhkp eih {h eihu{mlìz eg`g qkt mu lhaizmgì k lhac{|khpk cinzgzhmgzegz cg `lakzkhelg azkhpk g u{u eimrkplìzku(

G eihplh{gelh# ^kjriulpkz ek`k kc p{zhi `k cg rgcgjzg g Gh`zu Pickì kh

{hg khpzkqlupg ìh`k eimrgzpk eih h{kupziu {u{gzliu ciu cplmiu egmjliu kh kcukepiz `kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk# gu eimi u{ kvrkzlkhelg | zkeimkh`gelihku rgzgijpkhkz kc mvlmi zkh`lmlkhpi `k eg`g geelh kmrzkh`l`g kh KC MK@LI w{kmgzeg kc rzkukhpk | kc a{p{zi `kc Mgzokplhn(


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Kc ukepiz `k cg R{jclel`g` | kcMgzokplhn Ihclhk uk rzkukhpgeimi {h h{kqi {hlqkzui `k

irizp{hl`g`ku `k hknieli- Khpzkqlupg g Gh`zu Pickì -

7( E{c fg ulì p{ azm{cg rgzg kc vlpi `k R{zimgzokplhn(eim9

Ku {hg rzkn{hpg w{k u{kckh zkgcltgzmk eih jgupghpk azke{khelg# | ci elkzpiku w{k ulkmrzk u{kci `gz cg mlumg zkur{kupg( Ul `lurihkmiu `k cg rzkrgzg-elh# cg kvrkzlkhelg | ciu eihielmlkhpiu hkekugzliu d{hpi g {hg eflurg `kpgckhpi# uici hiu agcpgzh cg eihupghelg# `k`legelh | m{efi pzgjgdi k lmrcl-egelh rgzg cinzgzci( Fg| w{k ezkkz elkngmkhpk kh cgu l`kgu `k {hi mlumi |

rcghpkgzuk w{k e{gcw{lkz ijdkplqi r{k`k eihukn{lzuk ul pzgjgdgmiu `k aizmgakfgelkhpk(

Ul pzgjgdgmiu uijzk kupiu rzlhelrliu# pgz`k i pkmrzghi zkeinkzkmiu kc az{pi`k cgu ukmlccgu w{k qg|gmiu rcghpghì( Kmrktgz `ku`k ekzi# ulh `lhkzi hlgrkhgu zke{zuiu# r{k`k zku{cpgz `laelc rkzi hi {h lmrk`lmkhpi rgzg ezkgz{h rzi|kepi kvlpiui( Fg| m{efiu nzgh`ku kdkmrciu `k kcci# rkzi hi kvlupk

{hg azm{cg ukezkpg rgzg cinzgzci(

Rgzg m# kmrzkh`kz hi ulnhlaleg uici eimkhtgz gcni# ulhi e{cmlhgz | gcegh-tgz cgu mkpgu | ijdkplqiu w{k hiu qgmiu mgzeghì( Kh kupk ukhplì# pkhkzgmjlelh hi ku rgzg hg`g gcni hkngplqi(

Gc mgznkh `k piì kupi# kh {h m{hì eimi kc `k Lhpkzhkp# ìh`k piìegmjlg zrl`gmkhpk# ku lmrzkuelh`ljck pgmjlh hi icql`gz h{heg kc lhhiqgzeihupghpkmkhpk | ugjkz kqic{elihgz lhpkhpghì mkdizgz eg`g `g(

Pkhlkhì piì kupi kh e{khpg# pkh`zkmiu m{efgu mu irizp{hl`g`ku `kgceghtgz kc vlpi w{k j{uegmiu(

:( [h kzziz w{k hi zkrkplzgu ul kmrktguku `k h{kqi9

Ri`zgmiu `kelz w{k kc a{p{zi ku lhelkzpi rkzi ulh `{`g ku kc zku{cpgì `kpi`gu | eg`g {hg `k h{kupzgu `kelulihku# `k h{kupziu gelkzpiu | kzzizku( @kpiìu kcciu ri`kmiu grzkh`kz( Ugjkz kh w{lh zkgcmkhpk `kriulpgu p eih-

CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(75RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU


15/365

alghtg# kupgz i hi kh {h c{ngz `kpkzmlhgì kh kc mimkhpi g`ke{gì

G qkeku cgu rkw{kgu `kelulihku r{k`kh zku{cpgz mu `kpkzmlhghpku kh ciufkefiu w{k `kukheg`khgh w{k cgu w{k g ulmrck qlupg r{k`kh rgzkekh mulmrizpghpku# | gc alhgc eihqkzplzuk kh ciu mg|izku kzzizku( Hi ui| `k ciu w{kuk gzzkrlkhpkh i cgmkhpgh `k ciu kzzizku i `kelulihku `kc rgugì( Rzkalkzipkhkz mlu mlzgu r{kupgu kh kc rzkukhpk | kc a{p{zi mu ekzeghi(

5( Emi kup gakepghì cg ezlulu gc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk9

Hi qki cg ezlulu riz hlhnh cgì( Mk zkalkzi g w{k kc ukepiz `k cg R{jclel`g`| kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk kuph `kmiupzghì {hg nzgh mg`{zkt | uk rzkukhpgeimi {h h{kqi {hlqkzui `k irizp{hl`g`ku `k hknieli( Cgu elazgu gep{gcku `klhqkzulh r{jclelpgzlg | kc g{mkhpi `k kupzgpknlgu ihclhk riz rgzpk `k kmrzk-ugu | mgzegu gu eimi cgu rzkqlulihku g eizpi mk`li rcgti ci `km{kupzgh(

Eimi kh piì# kh cgu ezlulu keihmlegu fg| w{lkhku ugjkh grziqkefgz cguirizp{hl`g`ku | w{lkhku rlkhugh w{k kmrzkh`kz ku {h gcpi zlkuni w{k rgug

agep{zg( Ulh kmjgzni# Lhpkzhkp | cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu kh u{ eihd{hpi hiuiazkekh cg irizp{hl`g` `k eimkhtgz {hg gqkhp{zg rziakulihgc cckhg `k nzgh-`ku kvrkzlkhelgu | kmielihku# | eih m{efgu riuljlcl`g`ku `k eihuicl`gz {h

hknieli eimi h{heg ghpku f{jlzgmiu lmgnlhgì(

Lhec{ui gcn{hgu khpl`g`ku jghegzlgu | m{efiu nzgh`ku lhqkzuizku |g fgheimkhtgì g zkplzgz u{ eihalghtg kh ukepizku eimi kc `k cg eihupz{eelhcckqghì u{ lhkzi g cgu kmrzkugu pkehicnlegu zkcgelihg`gu eih ciu hknieliu`lnlpgcku i kc mgzokplhn ihclhk(

G`kmu# gfizg cgu kmrzkugu | mgzegu uih mu eihuelkhpku w{k h{heg `kcri`kz `k Lhpkzhkp# `k ciu mk`liu uielgcku | `kc h{kqi zic w{k g`w{lkzkh ciueihu{mlìzku# gfizg pgmjlh mu uielgcku k lhac{|khpku w{k h{heg(

Lhpkzhkp uk fg eihqkzplì kh kc mk`li# | g{hw{k cg pkckqlulh uln{k gegrg-zghì cg mg|iz rgzpk `k cg lhqkzulh r{jclelpgzlg# kh m{| riei plkmri ukzk-miu pkuplniu `k emi uk pzghuaizmg rgzg `gz rgui g cg h{kqg nkhkzgelh `kpkckqlulihku eihkepg`gu( E{ghì kupi ie{zzg k aizmg mgulaleg`g# ci ihclhkfgjz pzl{hagì `kalhlplqgmkhpk(

0( E{c ku# kh p{ irlhlh# cg mg|iz qkhpgdg | kc rkiz lheihqkhlkhpk



16/365


`k cgu zk`ku uielgcku9

Fi| kh `g rgzg cgu mgzegu w{k ugjkh `gz g u{u eclkhpku | eihu{mlìzku ciw{k zkgcmkhpk j{uegh# m{kupzgh {h lhpkzu riz nkhkzgz mkdizku zkcgelihku#rzkupgh {hg mg|iz gpkhelh# kue{efgh | rgzplelrgh kh cgu eihqkzugelihku#cgu zk`ku uielgcku uih qlupgu eimi fkzzgmlkhpgu i rcgpgaizmgu w{k uici iazk-ekh qkhpgdgu(

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mqlcku khpzk ciu {u{gzliu# kup cinzghì w{k cg r{jclel`g` mqlc eimlkhek gg`w{lzlz cg zkckqghelg | rzipgnihlumi w{k ulkmrzk gh`{qi j{ueghì(

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CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(7>RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU

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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(7( [h eihukdi rgzg ciu kmrzkh`k`izku `k Lhpkzhkp(

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uegz `kc UghpiRlihkzi | `lq{cngìz `k Mgzokplhn `k Gpzgeelh | Rkzuihgc Jzgh`lhn

EIHIELKH@I G UEGZ @KC UGHPI

uegz `kc Ughpi uk gctg eimi {hg `k cgu aln{zgu mu `kupgeg`gu kh kc egmri`k cg eim{hlegelh ihclhk kh Kurgg( U{ cgjiz ck fg cckqgì g ukhpgz cgu jguku`k cg Zkr{pgelh Ihclhk# kc Mgzokplhn `k Gpzgeelh :(2 | kc Rkzuihgc Jzgh`lhn#gukuizghì g kmrzkugu# kue{kcgu k hknieliu | gnkhelgu kurkelgcltg`gu kh UielgcMk`lg(

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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(:;


Hgefi RcghuA{h`gìz | `lzkepiz `k GclEigef

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ripkhelgz fgjlcl`g`ku | grizpgz kuk qgciz gg`lì egrgt `k rzi`{elz zku{cpgìuuizrzkh`khpku kh kc ukhi `k cg kmrzkug(


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Kvrkzlkhelg / pgckhpi / rgulh#cg eimjlhgelh mnleg rgzg ciukmrzkh`kìzku- Khpzkqlupg g Hgefi Rcghu -

7( W{ pk cckq g k`legzpk gc m{hì kc eigeflhn rgzg kmrzkugu| rziakulihgcku9

Kh pi`g ml geplql`g` rziakulihgc# ulkmrzk mk fg aguelhgì kc eimrizpgmlkh-pi f{mghi( Pghpi kh kmrzkug# eimi kh nz{riu `k lhqkuplngelh# ijukzq cgeghpl`g` `k plkmri# `lhkzi | kua{kzti w{k uk rlkz`k riz hi e{l`gz ciu zke{z-

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zku# mu w{k qlqlz gpizmkhpgìu riz cgu rzkie{rgelihku( Fg| w{lkhku cinzghkupi | kuph pzl{haghì kh rckhg ezlulu(

0( @k w{ fkzzgmlkhpgu rziqkk kc eigeflhn kdke{plqi9

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Ciu `lzkeplqiu# mk`lghpk eigeflhn kdke{plqi r{k`kh zkaiztgz u{u fgjlcl`g`ku

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Rkzi# m{| lmrizpghpk# hi icql`kmiu w{k pi`gu cgu kmrzkugu | g{phimiu

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Hgefi RcghuA{h`gìz | `lzkepiz `k GclEigef

w{k plkhkh rkzuihgc eihpzgpgì r{k`kh geek`kz g ez`lpiu gh{gcku `k aiz-mgelh jihlaleg`g# `luaz{pghì `k rzinzgmgu aizmgplqiu rgzg grclegz cgu

fkzzgmlkhpgu `kc eigeflhn kh u{ `g g `g(

>( E{c ezkku w{k ku kc geplqi mu `kpkzmlhghpk rgzg {hgkmrzkug9

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rgzg kc pzgjgdi eifkulihgì kh kw{lri(

6( Kh w{ mk`l`g cinzg kc eigeflhn mkdizgz cg egrgel`g` `kcl`kzgtni# eim{hlegelh | zkh`lmlkhpi `k cg kmrzkug | u{urziakulihgcku9

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pghpi kh mlezikmrzkugu# eimi kh R\MKu | m{cplhgelihgcku(

U{u chkgu k pzgjgdi uk ekhpzgh gep{gcmkhpk kh cg ezkgplql`g` rgzg cg lhhiqgelh#kc pzgjgdi kh kw{lri# cg khkznkpltgelh k ciu kw{lriu eimkzelgcku | cg zkuic{elh`k ulp{gelihku `laelcku kh cg gpkhelh gc rjclei(

U{ pzg|kepizlg rziakulihgc ck fg cckqgì g pzgjgdgz kh nz{riu lhpkz`luelrclhgzkukh Mg`zl`# Ciu Ghnkcku | Rgug`khg kh Egclaizhlg# Mihprkcclkz | Gcleghpk# |

n{gz`g ukezkpiu w{k u{u eicgjizgìzku | eclkhpku grkhgu eihiekh# eimi w{k#g`kmu `k eigef# ku aulei pkzlei# rziakuiz plp{cgì `k n{lpgzzg | @iepiz khLhnkhlkzg Mgpkmpleg(

Rizw{k eimi c mlumi gzn{mkhpg {h rkw{ki egmjli r{k`k mgzegz {hg nzgh`lakzkhelg# kupk mg`zlcki `k lhpkzkughpk aizmgelh | gh`g`{zg rziakulihgc

rihk kc gekhpi kh cg zkckqghelg `k ciu agepizku f{mghiu w{k eih`{ekh fgelg cg

qg `kc vlpi g piì plri `k rzi|kepiu(U{ cgjiz rkzmlpk# g `g `k fi|# w{k m{efgu kmrzkugu | rziakulihgcku mkdizkhu{ a{helihgmlkhpi | rzi`{eplql`g` iazkelhìck cg aizmgelh | ciu zke{zuiuhkekugzliu rgzg ijpkhkz kc mvlmi zkh`lmlkhpi `k eg`g kw{lri( Kc zku{cpgìmgzegz cg `lakzkhelg(


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Hgefi Gzzi|iZkurihugjck `kCgKvrkzlkhelg(eim

agekjiio(eim)hgefigzzi|ialngzkì

Bhgefigzzi|i

ku(clhok`lh(eim)r{j)lnhgeligzzi|i-alngzkì):7):>>)0jg

~~~(cgkvrkzlkhelg(eim

Ulkmrzk fg ulì rlihkzi kh u{u gr{kupgu riz cg lhhiqgelh kh kcmgzokplhn | cg eim{hlegelh ihclhk( Jgdi kupg eihulnhg# fgek {h giHgefi Gzzi|i l`k CgKvrkzlkhelg(eim# {h rizpgc `lzlnlì g eghgcltgznzgp{lpgmkhpk cgu w{kdgu# u{nkzkhelgu# akclelpgelihku | rzkn{hpgu`lzlnl`gu g kmrzkugu `k piì kc m{hì(

U{ qlhe{cgelh g mgzegu `k rzi`{epiu | ukzqleliu g ci cgzni `k ciu giu ckflti grzkh`kz w{k cg ugpluageelh `kc eihu{mlìz eimlkhtg kue{efhìck |gqkzln{ghì ci w{k zkgcmkhpk ck nzgplaleg(

U{ rzi|kepi qlkhk g `gz zkur{kupg g cg ezkelkhpk hkekul`g` `k `lurihkz `k {heghgc `k eim{hlegelh hk{pzgc khpzk kmrzkug | eclkhpk# uijzk piì `kur{u `kw{k {h lhaizmk kupgì{hl`khuk zkqkck w{k kc


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w{k grizpk mu cljkzpg` | rzipieiclek cgu irlhlihku `k ciu eclkhpku ulh w{k kupiuuk khazkhpkh lzkepgmkhpk g cg kmrzkug kh {hg zk` uielgc# gnlcltgh`i kc rziekui| ngzghpltgh`i w{k cckn{kh g u{u zkekrpizku kh kc mkhiz plkmri riuljck(


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[hg w{kdg ku {h zkngci w{k cgkmrzkug hi `kjk `kugrziqkefgz- Khpzkqlupg g Hgefi Gzzi|i -

7( @kur{u `k mu `k {hg èg`g `k`legì g cg Eim{hlegelhEizrizgplqg# kefghì cg qlupg gpzu# lmgnlhgjgu kc ri`kz w{kgceghtgzg Lhpkzhkp | u{ lhac{khelg kh kc miì `k irkzgz `kkmrzkugu | {u{gzliu9

U# uk qkg qkhlz( Ul jlkh ku elkzpi w{k cg ezlulu `k cgu r{hpieim kh kc gi:222-:227 flti `gi gc ukepiz# kh kug rieg# mu w{k kc a{p{zi# Lhpkzhkp kzg|g kc rzkukhpk( \ gfizg# mu k 72 giu kur{u# uk r{k`k galzmgz w{k w{lkh

hi kup kh Lhpkzhkp kmrzkugu | {u{gzliu- kup a{kzg `k d{kni(

:( Ekhpzhìhiu kh cg a{helh `k CgKvrkzlkhelg(eim eimieghgcltgìz `k irlhlihku w{k ciu eclkhpku qlkzpkh uijzk cgukmrzkugu# w{ zkelju mu4 Akclelpgelihku# w{kdgu# rzkn{hpgui u{nkzkhelgu9

Kh rzlmkz c{ngz w{lulkzg `kupgegz# rgzg ciu w{k hi hiu eihiekh# w{k khCgKvrkzlkhelg(eim uk r{k`kh khqlgz k aizmg nzgp{lpg w{kdgu# akclelpgelihku#

rzkn{hpgu | u{nkzkhelgu g e{gcw{lkz kmrzkug `kc m{hì &fipkcku# pkckaihg#eimkzeliu, riz eizzki riupgc# agv | kmglc( Fgupg cg akefg# `k pi`gu cguirlhlihku khqlg`gu riz ciu eclkhpku# kc 05#;7+ uih w{kdgu# :>#2:+ akclelpg-elihku# 7;#61+ u{nkzkhelgu | 75#17+ rzkn{hpgu g kmrzkugu `k :5 rguku(

5( E{c ku kc rzlhelrgc kzziz w{k eimkhpkh cgu kmrzkugu ghpk {hgc{qlh `k w{kdgu9

Kc rzlhelrgc rzijckmg zkul`k kh w{k qkh cg w{kdg eimi gcni hkngplqi | w{kmickupg e{ghì `kjkzg ukz gc eihpzgzli4 [hg w{kdg ku {h zkngci w{k cg km-

rzkug hi kjk `kugrziqkefgz( Ku qkz`g` w{k eg`g qkt ku mg|iz kc hmkzi `kkmrzkugu w{k nkuplihgh kalegtmkhpk cgu w{kdgu `k u{u eclkhpku rizw{k ugjkhw{k {h eclkhpk ugpluakefi ku cg r{jclel`g` mu kakeplqg(

0( Emi ezkku w{k `kjkzgh zkgeelihgz cgu kmrzkugu azkhpk gcg rz`l`g `k eihalghtg `k u{u eclkhpku9 Kvlupk gcn{hg zkekpgrgzg rzkqkhlz {hg ezlulu9

[hg kmrzkug w{k hi eihiek cg irlhlh `k u{u eclkhpku kup gjieg`g gc azg-



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egui( Ul fgeku egui g p{u eclkhpku | cku kue{efgu# ku mu `laelc w{k rlkz`ghp{ eihalghtg ulkmrzk w{k fgngu jlkh cgu eiugu( Cg mkdiz zkekpg ku ulp{gz gc

eclkhpk kh kc ekhpzi `k pi`gu p{u geelihku | qgcizgz ulkmrzk u{ irlhlh riz-w{k ulh eclkhpku hi fg| hknieli(

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R{k`k ukz lhalhlpg | fg| qgzliu eguiu w{k gu ci ekzplalegh( Riz kdkmrci# zk-elkhpkmkhpk cg alzmg F!M p{qi w{k zkplzgz {h `luki riz rcgnli ghpk cg

rzkulh `k cgu zk`ku uielgcku( Uici fgek agcpg guimgzuk g P~lppkz | qkz ciupzkh`lhn pirleu `kc `g rgzg eihupgpgz kc ri`kz `k ciu uielgc mk`lg(

1( @kur{u `k p{ kvrkzlkhelg eimi Rzi`{ep Mghgnkmkhp khAzghek Pkckeim Urglh &Izghnk,# ezkku w{k kh ciu rzi`{epiu uke{mrck cg mvlmg `k zkhiqgzuk i mizlz9

Riz u{r{kupi# | uijzk piì kh {h m{hì eimi kc pkehicnlei ìh`k ciu egm-jliu uk rzi`{ekh g {hg qkciel`g` qkzplnlhiug( Ul hi lhhiqgu eihupghpkmkhpk#

p{ rzi`{epi ~kj# jcin# kpe(- eg`{egz zrl`gmkhpk(

>( Pkhlkhì kh e{khpg cg ei|{hp{zg gep{gc# fgelg `h`k lz cgzkcgelh khpzk kmrzkugu)mgzegu | eclkhpku kh ciu rzvlmiu ìugiu9

Cg lzz{relh | eihuicl`gelh `k cgu zk`ku uielgcku | `k ~kju eimi CgKv-rkzlkhelg(eim# w{k rkzmlpkh cg eim{hlegelh `lzkepg eih cgu kmrzkugu# fgegmjlgì `kalhlplqgmkhpk cg zkcgelh eclkhpk-kmrzkug( Cgu mgzegu# mu gh

kh rieg k ezlulu# uk kuph ghì e{khpg k w{k kc eclkhpk uln{k ulkhì kc zk|| w{k kupk plkhk g cg eimrkpkhelg g nicrk `k zgph# riz ci w{k cg al`kcltgelh`k ciu eclkhpku ku {hg ngzghpg k vlpi |# pi`gqg# cg gulnhgp{zg rkh`lkhpk km{efgu kmrzkugu# nzgh`ku | rkw{kgu(



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EIHIELKH@I G HGEFI GZZI\I ALNGZK@I

Lnhgeli Gzzi|i Alngzkì &N{kefi# Qlteg|g( 70, kup{`l Rkzli`lumi khcg [hlqkzul`g` `k Hgqgzzg# e{ghì hg`lk uiurkefgjg# hl ulw{lkzg c# w{k cglhelrlkhpk ~izc` ~l`k ~kj ge{gzg u{ rzirlg uielk`g` `k cg lhaizmgelh |`kqkh`zg kh rlk`zg ghn{cgz `k cgu eim{hlegelihku | pzghugeelihku eimkzelgckug hlqkc m{h`lgc(

@{zghpk elhei giu kukmrk kc egzni `k Rzi`{ep Mghgnkz kh Azghek PkckeimUrglh &Izghnk, |# khpzk :22; | :272# uk eihqlzpl kh zkurihugjck `k mgzokplhn`k `lakzkhpku hknieliu `lnlpgcku eimi Mglmgl Mk`lg Hkp~izo -kmrzkug `kgh{heliu ecgulalegìu cl`kzg`g riz ciu ghpln{iu nkupizku `k Ukn{h`gmghi - i cgegug `k gr{kupgu Jkng~lh(

Fi|# Gzzi|i egrlpghkg cgu zkgu `k Eim{hlegelh | Uielgc Mk`lg Mgzokplhn `k{hg `k cgu kmrzkugu mu lhhiqgìzgu `k h{kupzi rgu(

Uln{lkhì {h ukhelcci rzipieici `k gep{gelh# eih Hgefi ciu eclkhpku kqlpghkhazkhpgzuk `lzkepgmkhpk g cg kmrzkug g pzgqu `k ciu Uielgc Mk`lg | ngzghpltghw{k u{u grizpgelihku cckn{kh g ciu g{phpleiu zkurihugjcku `k cgu khpl`g`ku(

Kc kw{lri `k Gzzi|i ku kc zkurihugjcku `k pzgucg`gz &riz eizzki riupgc# agv ik-mglc, u{u mkhugdku g kmrzkugu `k e{gcw{lkz rgzpk `kc rcghkpg(

G{rgì riz cg ei|{hp{zg gep{gc | riz cg eg`g qkt mg|iz zkckqghelg `kc UielgcMk`lg Mgzokplhn# kupk diqkh rzi|kepi `k grkhgu {h gi kup zkegjghì {hlmrizpghpk vlpi fgupg cckngz g ukz eghgc eihkvlh | akk`jgeo khpzk {u{gzliu |kmrzkugu `k :5 rguku `lakzkhpku(

Hgefi Gzzi|iZkurihugjck `k CgKvrkzlkhelg(eim



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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(5>


@gql` JizihgpG{piz `kc cljzi Qkh`kz mu khLhpkzhkp

B`gql`jizihgp

clhok`lh(eim)lh)`gql`jizihgp

~~~(rkzu{gjlcl`g`(eim

Lhpkzhkp | u{u irizp{hl`g`ku# cg zkckqghelg `k cgu zk`ku uielgcku| cg rkzu{gjlcl`g`# kug eimjlhgelh rkzakepg khpzk rkzu{gulh |{ugjlcl`g` rzipgnihltgh cg khpzkqlupg w{k @gql` Jizihgp# {hi `k ciuhimjzku ecgqk `k cg eim{hlegelh ihclhk kh Kurgg# fg eihek`l`i g^kjriulpkz( Kurkzgmiu w{k `luaz{pku `k kupk khe{khpzi | pimku hipg`k u{u m{efgu k lhpkzkughpku zkeimkh`gelihku(

Eih@gql` Jizihgp &B`gql`jizihgp, hiu u{mkznlmiu kh kc aguelhghpk m{h`i`k cg rkzu{gjlcl`g`# kuk pzmlhi w{k Kupkz Rgccgzu | c ge{gzih rgzg fgjcgz `kciu rguiu | pehlegu rgzg cinzgz w{k ciu {u{gzliu `k {hg ~kj rgukh gc uln{lkhpk

hlqkc# kc `k eclkhpku(

@{zghpk cg khpzkqlupg# @gql` Jizihgp fgjcg rgzg ^kjriulpkz`kc rzkukhpk `kLhpkzhkp | `k u{ a{p{zi mu lhmk`lgpi( [hg eihqkzugelh ulhekzg | `lzkepg w{khiu rihk uijzk cg mkug cgu khizmku ripkhelgcl`g`ku `kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk rgzgeihuicl`gz kc vlpi `k {h hknieli kh Lhpkzhkp(


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Kc ukezkpi `kc vlpi rgzg pzl{hagzkh Lhpkzhkp kup kh ezkgz {hrzi`{epi rkhug`i riz | rgzg ciu

{u{gzliu- Khpzkqlupg g @gql` Jizihgp -

7( W{ pk cckq g fgekz `kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk p{ rziakulh9P{qk cg irizp{hl`g` `k kup{`lgz @lzkeelh `k Kmrzkugu kh KUG@K | mk

rzir{ulkzih g|{`gz kh kc `luki `k cg rzlmkzg ~kj `k cg [hlqkzul`g` gccriz kc gi 7


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hiu rzkukhpgjg eimi {hg `luelrclhg m{| hkekugzlg rkzi u{rkzg`g( G {hgrzkukhelg ihclhk uk ck `kjg |g u{rihkz g kugu gcp{zgu w{k ukg aelc `k {ugz |

hgqkngz( Kmrktjgmiu g kupgz kh ipzi mimkhpi( Hi ri`gmiu eihaizmgz-hiu eih pkhkz {hg ~kj {ugjck( Kzg |g kc mimkhpi `k eihqkhekz# rkzu{g`lz |qkh`kz( @k ukz m{efi mu gnzkulqiu kh h{kupziu rcghpkgmlkhpiu k lmr{cugzg h{kupzi {u{gzli# kh u{ rgui riz h{kupzg rzkukhelg ihclhk# `k {hg rnlhg gipzg fgupg egtgzci | eihqkzplzci kh eclkhpk(

@k kupg l`kg hgel cg rgcgjzg rkzu{gjlcl`g` &rkzu{gulh / {ugjlcl`g`, rgzg`kuezljlz cg egrgel`g` `k {hg rzkukhelg ihclhk `k eihqkzplz u{u {u{gzliu kheclkhpku(

0( Uknh p{ kvrkzlkhelg# w{ ecgqku fg k zk{hlz {hg plkh`g ihclhkrgzg rkzu{g`lz | e{mrclz cgu kvrkepgplqgu `k u{u {u{gzliu9

Kc pkmg w{k qkmiu ecgqk rgzg {hg plkh`g ihclhk ku cg kvrkzlkhelg k {u{gzli(Kh kupk ukhplì# {hg k cgu ecgqku w{k fkmiu kupgegì kh h{kupzi pir ;2 zk-qlughì cgu mkdizku ~kju `kc :277# ku w{k cg kvrkzlkhelg `k {u{gzli fg kupg-ì riz khelmg `k piì( Hiu fkmiu kheihpzgì kh piìu ciu ukepizku eihulpku eih {h hlqkc kvekckhpk riz ci w{k uk zkalkzk g cg kvrkzlkhelg `k {u{gzli#ulpku w{k hiu rziqiegh {hg gpzgeelh lhmk`lgpg g pzgqu `k ci kurkepge{cgz

`k u{ kvrkzlkhelg | eihuln{kh mghpkhkz h{kupzg gpkhelh kh eg`g h{kqi ecle(

Riz ci w{k zkurkepg gc keimmkzek# |g hi ku u{alelkhpk eihpgz eih ulpku eih{hg j{khg {ugjlcl`g` w{k rkzmlpg gc {u{gzli kheihpzgz h{kupziu rzi`{epiueih agelcl`g`# eiug w{k ku lmrzkuelh`ljck(

Riz kupk miplqi# ciu keimmkzek w{k mu hiu fgh n{upgì# e{khpgh eihkvrkzlkhelgu `k {u{gzli w{k hiu fgh uizrzkh`lì | w{k riukkh {hg a{kzpk

rkzuihgcl`g`(

@kupgegmiu cg plkh`g `k m{kjcku Mg`k w{k ghg kuplci | rkzuihgcl`g` eih{hiu rzkeliu `k ugcì? Mluulih J|eleck w{k eihuln{k kh piì mimkhpi w{k

rzir{kupg | kvrkzlkhelg qg|gh `k cg mghi? Hkqk Lhurlzk`# plkh`g k zirg lh-aghplc w{k eihuln{k h{kupzi qhe{ci kmielihgc g pzgqu `k cg flupizlg w{k fg|`kpzu `k cg plkh`g? i cg plkh`g `k egmlukpgu @zlrrlhn lh Agp w{k cckqg cg mk-paizg `k cg plkh`g fgupg w{k hiu ulhpgmiu egul eimi pieghì kc rzi`{epi(

G`kmu# ezkkmiu w{k kc hlqkc `k kvlnkhelg `kc {u{gzli kup m{| gcpi | ciw{k j{ueg gep{gcmkhpk uih rzir{kupgu w{k uk g`grpkh g c# kh c{ngz `k



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rzir{kupgu kuph`gz w{k ulzqgh rgzg piìu( Kh kupk ukhplì# khpkh`kz ci w{kkup fgelkhì kc {u{gzli kh cg zk` | e{cku uih u{u miplqgelihku `k eimrzg#

hiu `gz {hg qkhpgdg rgzg khaiegz h{kupzi keimmkzek( Riz kdkmrci# ugpluag-ekz g ciu {u{gzliu egtgìzku `k nghngu | ku w{k hi fg| w{k icql`gz w{k {h1:+ `k ciu {u{gzliu `k Lhpkzhkp galzmgh kupgz j{ueghì ciu mkdizku rzkeliu#

r{k`k g|{`gzhiu( Pgmjlh khpkh`kz w{k |g hi jgupg eih pkhkz p{ ulpk rgzgqkh`kz p{u rzi`{epiu# plkhku w{k lz g j{uegz gc {u{gzli ìh`k c uk khe{khpzg`ku`k cgu zk`ku uielgcku fgupg ciu `luriulplqiu mqlcku( Kupi hiu plkhk w{kcckqgz g rkhugz kh ezkgz j{khgu kvrkzlkhelgu `k eimrzg g pzgqu `k pkcaihiumqlcku | pgjckpu k lhec{ui kh ezkgz h{kupzg rzirlg plkh`g kh Agekjiio(

;( Kh w{ mk`l`g ku kpkzmlhghpk rgzg {hg kmrzkug u{ rzkukhelggeplqg kh zk`ku uielgcku9

Pkhkz {hg rzkukhelg geplqg kh zk`ku uielgcku hi ku `kpkzmlhghpk rkzi pkhkz{hg rzkukhelg geplqg ZKCKQGHPK kh kc plkmri kh zk`ku uielgcku r{k`kmgzegz cg lakzkhelg( \ kug ku cg rzlhelrgc lale{cpg` w{k plkhkh cgu kmrzkugu(Hi ugjkmiu emi `kugzziccgz kug zkcgelh eih h{kupziu aghu | eclkhpku khpzmlhiu `k zkckqghelg(

\ rkhugmiu w{k g miì `k eihukn{lz mu aghu | r{jclegz mu qkeku kh

u{u m{ziu# cinzgmiu ugegzck rgzplì g h{kupzg rzkukhelg kh zk`ku uielgcku(Kmrlktgh g qkz zkakzkhpku w{k ukn{lz gc zkurkepi | qgzliu uih ciu agepizkuzkckqghpku4 g{pkhplel`g`# eihpkhlì# `lcini kh ìu `lzkeelihku# `gz gcni gegmjli | ecgzl`g` kh ciu ijdkplqiu(

1( Ul gcn{lkh w{lulkzg rihkz kh mgzefg {h hknieli ihclhk# e{cukzg p{ rzlmkzg zkeimkh`gelh9

Hi mkhiurzkelku piì ci w{k rzkelugu rgzg w{k p{ rzi|kepi a{helihk( Lhpkz-hkp hiu fg lhqlpgì g m{efiu g ukz kmrzkh`kìzku rizw{k cgu jgzzkzgu `kkhpzg`g rgzg rihkz kh mgzefg {h hknieli ihclhk uih zkcgplqgmkhpk jgdgu( Kc

rzijckmg ku w{k rgzg w{k {h hknieli ihclhk a{helihk cg rzir{kupg `k qgciz`kjk ukz ecgzg | gpzgeplqg eih {hg kvrkzlkhelg `k {ui jlkh rkhug`g( Kuk ku kc

r{hpi `k rgzpl`g( Rkzi# emi qgmiu g ijpkhkz pzalei g {h rzkeli w{k hiuri`gmiu rkzmlplz9 \ {hg qkt pkhngmiu kuk pzalei# w{ mi`kci `k hknielihiu rcghpkgmiu rgzg w{k h{kupziu keimmkzek a{helihkh9(

>( Kc ukezkpi `kc vlpi rgzg pzl{hagz kh Lhpkzhkp ku &eimrckpg cg

@gql` JizihgpG{piz `kc cljzi Qkh`kz mu kh Lhpkzhkp



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azguk,

Izlkhpgzuk ulh c{ngz g `{`gu g ezkgz {h rzi`{epi rkhugì riz | rgzg ciu{u{gzliu( Kc aiei kjk kupgz kh kc rzi`{epi( Hi kh kc mgzokplhn w{k fgngmiugc zkurkepi( Ul kc rzi`{epi kup jlkh rkhugì# ukz c mlumi kc w{k fgz w{kh{kupziu {u{gzliu hiu w{lkzgh zkeimkh`gz g gmlniu | eihielìu(

6( Mlzghì gc a{p{zi# emi qku kc m{hì `k cg Eim{hlegelhIhclhk `khpzi `k ; giu9

[aa( ; giu9 Ul hi r{kì qkz hl w{ u{ek`kz kc rzvlmi gi# rkhugz kh; giu uk mk fgek lmriuljck( Rkzi# ul p{qlkzg w{k `kelz gcni ulh w{k uk mkpkhng `kmgulgì kh e{khpg `lzg ; eiugu4

Cg eim{hlegelh ihclhk uk `gz kh kc mijlck(

Ukz m{| lhpkclnkhpk &gpkh`kz g eimrizpgmlkhpiu# rkzalcku i nkiri-ulelihgmlkhpi,(

Ci uielgc kupgz kh pi`gu rgzpku( Piì plri `k rzkukhelg uk lhpknzgzeih cgu zk`ku uielgcku w{k {ugmiu(

Hi fgjcgz `k ihclhk { iaaclhk( Gmjiu m{hìu kupgzh `kmgulgìkhpzkcgtgìu rgzg `lakzkhelgzciu i ukrgzgzciu(

Hgekz gcni w{k pi`gqg hi uk fg lhqkhpgì i w{k eimi m{efi kupkh {h ngzgdk# w{k egmjlgz cg mghkzg `k hgqkngz riz Lhpkzhkp w{k

pkhkmiu gfizg(

EIHIELKH@I G @GQL@ JIZIHGP@gql` Jizihgp &B`gql`jizihgp, uk fg cgjzgì {hg ucl`g pzg|kepizlg rziakulihgcw{k ck fg eihqkzplì kh {h zkeihielì kvrkzpi kh Lhpkzhkp | Mgzokplhn Ihclhk(U{ kurzlp{ kmrzkh`kìz ck eih`{di g kup{`lgz cg clekhelgp{zg k G`mlhlupzgelh| @lzkeelh `k Kmrzkugu kh KUG@K# ulh ugjkz w{k kuk rzlmkz rgui kh u{egzzkzg rziakulihgc ck eih`{elzg g zkeizzkz {h cgzni rkzi kmielihghpk egmlhiìh`k cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu `k cg Eim{hlegelh k Lhpkzhkp ukzgh u{u mkdizkueimrgkziu `k qlgdk(



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Kupg gqkhp{zg# lhlelg`g kh 7


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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(0;


Rk`zi Zijck`iKvrkzpi kh Mgzokplhn `kGalclgelh

Rk`zi Zijck`i &Mg`zl`# 7


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@khpzi `k elhei giu qki cglh`{upzlg eih {hiu eihpzicku `kegcl`g` `k pzalei m{efi mu

gcpiu w{k ciu w{k fg| gfizg- Khpzkqlupg g Rk`zi Zijckì -

7( Kmrkekmiu riz `kalhlz w{ ku kvgepgmkhpk kc Mgzokplhn`k Galclgelh | w{ c{ngz ie{rg `khpzi `k {hg egmrgg `kMgzokplhn Ihclhk eimrckpg(Mgzokplhn k Galclgelh ku {h eghgc eimkzelgc w{k fg| w{k nkuplihgz ulkmrzk

rkhughì kh kc cgzni rcgti | ulkmrzk pkhlkhì rzkukhpk kc rcgh `k MgzokplhnIhclhk( Eimi ciu galclgìu r{k`kh pkhkz geplql`g` kh `lqkzuiu eghgcku `kcmgzokplhn ihclhk# ku lmrizpghpk `kdgz `kalhlì w{ uk rkzmlpk | w{ hi rgzgw{k hi fg|g lhpkzakzkhelgu khpzk# riz kdkmrci# ml geplql`g` kh G`îzù | cggeplql`g` kh G`îzù `k ciu galclgìu(

:( W{ kakepiu ) qkhpgdgu cinzgzg kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh kh{hg R|mk | e{c ku u{ gpzgeplqi rgzg kc {u{gzli w{k uk eihqlkzpkkh galclgì

Ci rzlmkzi w{k eihuln{k {hg R|mk eih {h rzinzgmg `k galclgelh ku {hgmg|iz qluljlcl`g` | pzalei( Eih kc plkmri# lz eihuln{lkhì g{mkhpgz rieig riei u{u qkhpgu# w{k ku kc ijdkplqi `kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh( Rgzg {hgalclgì ci mu gpzgeplqi ku w{k ciu rzinzgmgu `k galclgelh plkhkh {h rzku{-

r{kupi gjlkzpi | eihplh{l`g` kh kc plkmri# riz ci w{k u{u lhnzkuiu r{k`khukz zke{zzkhpku `{zghpk giu(

5( E{hpgmk gcn{hg `k cgu kupzgpknlgu mu hiqkìugu w{k uk

kuph grcleghì kh kupk egmriFgek m{| riei fkmiu cghtgì kh Nkgtkh# riz rzlmkzg qkt kh Kurgg# cg

riuljlcl`g` `k w{k {hg plkh`g ihclhk r{k`g zkrgzplz cg eimlulh khpzk u{u gal-clgìu# ulh gg`lz mu eiupk( Ku ci w{k uk eihiek eimi Urclp Eimmluulih(Fgupg gfizg kc cplmi galclgì uk cckqgjg kc 722+ `k cg eimlulh# ci w{k kzgm{| lhd{upi rgzg kc zkupi `k galclgìu | aimkhpg pgmjlh cgu mgcgu rzeplegu(Kc urclp eimmluulih pk rkzmlpk# g`kmu# al`kcltgz g ciu galclgìu `k eihpk-hlì# w{k iazkekh mg|iz qgciz gc rziekui `k qkhpg | w{k`gh mgznlhgìu kh



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kc mi`kci pzg`lelihgc(

0( Kh kukhelg# kvlupkh m{efgu `lakzkhelgu khpzk cgu pehlegu `kegrpgelh gep{gcku | kc Mgzokplhn k Galclgelh mu pzg`lelihgc9

Kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh uk h{pzk `k cgu cplmgu pehlegu `k Mgzokplhn Ih-clhk( Uk r{k`k galzmgz lhec{ui w{k ciu galclgìu uih ciu rzlmkziu kh grclegzcgu hiqk`g`ku kh Mgzokplhn Ihclhk g ciu rzinzgmgu `k galclgelh( Uk grzkh-`k m{efulmi pzgjgdghì eih ciu galclgìu(

;( Kh :277 a{lupklu alhgclupgu `k ciu rzkmliu K-eimmkzek g cg

mkdiz kmrzkug `k Mgzokplhn `k Zku{cpgì( Kh w{ mk`l`g ukrzi`{ek {h zkpizhi `k cg lhqkzulh e{ghì griupgmiu riz kcMgzokplhn `k Galclgelh9 Emi ci ml`k kc kmrzkugzli9

Kupi ku {hg `k cgu nzgh`ku qkhpgdgu `kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh |g w{k pzgjg-dgmiu eih ci w{k uk `khimlhg eiupk `k g`w{lulelh# w{k ku ci w{k pk e{kupgeihukn{lz {hg qkhpg( Kh {h rzinzgmg# kc eiupk `k g`w{lulelh uk mghplk-hk eihpzicgì ulkmrzk kh {hg tihg `k zkhpgjlcl`g`( Riz kui uk pzgjgdg eih

rzku{r{kupiu gjlkzpiu# rizw{k ul ugjkmiu w{k# riz kdkmrci# riz eg`g k{zilhqkzplì# eihukn{lmiu ulkpk k{ziu# qgmiu g w{kzkz lhqkzplz kc mg|iz hmkzi

`k k{ziu riuljcku( Kc zkpizhi `k cg lhqkzulh ku `lzkepi(

1( @h`k zkul`k cg ecgqk `k p{ vlpi rgzg ijpkhkz mu galclgìu9

Hi fg| mu ecgqku w{k kc pzgjgdi( Cg mlpg` `kc vlpi `k {h rzinzgmg `kgalclgelh ku kc zkec{pgmlkhpi# w{k `kjkzg `k ie{rgz gc mkhiu kc ;2+ `kcplkmri `k {h gaalclgpk mghgnkz( @kunzgelg`gmkhpk# m{efiu galclgìzku ukicql`gh `k kupi | ezkkh w{k zke{zzlz g {hg zk` `k galclgelh ku u{alelkhpk# ciw{k ku {h nzgqk kzziz( A{kzg `k Kurgg kup gu{mlì w{k {h rzinzgmg `k

galclgìu hi r{k`k gclmkhpgzuk uici `k ciu galclgìu `k {hg zk`# ulhi w{k fg|w{k fgekz {h zkec{pgmlkhpi `k galclgìu eihupghpk( Rgzg kcci fg| m{efgupehlegu# rkzi ci lmrizpghpk ku pkhkz kupi ecgzi | `k`legzck plkmri `{zghpkpi`g cg ql`g `kc rzinzgmg(

>( Fgelg `h`k qg kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh kh :27: | emi cilmgnlhgu `khpzi `k elhei giu9

Ulh `{`g ezki w{k kc urclp eimmluulih qg g zku{cpgz m{| lhpkzkughpk azkhpk



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gc mi`kci pzg`lelihgc `kc cgup ecleo ~lhu( @khpzi `k elhei giu qki g cg lh-`{upzlg {plcltghì kc urclp eimmluulih eimi kuph`gz | eih {hiu eihpzicku

`k egcl`g` `k pzalei m{efi mu gcpiu w{k ciu w{k fg| gfizg# ìh`k egmrghg u{u ghefgu riz ciu rzinzgmgu k galclgelh galclgìu rgzulpiu# ukmjzgìzku`k eiiolku# kpe( Pkhkmiu w{k ukz mu pzghurgzkhpku | hi rkzmlplz cgu rzepl-egu azg{`{ckhpgu# | kupi ukz {hg kvlnkhelg `k ciu galclgìzku `khpzi `k elheigiu# w{k hi rkzmlplzh ci w{k kuph rkzmlplkhì gfizg( Kh galclgelh# mulmrizpghpk w{k ciu zku{cpgìu ku emi uk ijplkhkh `lefiu zku{cpgìu( Kug kuh{kupzg gr{kupg kh Nkgtkh(

EIHIELKH@I G RK@ZI ZIJCK@ICg gh`g`{zg rziakulihgc `k kupk clekhelgì kh Elkhelgu Ricplegu riz [EM ukqlhe{c gc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk e{ghì `kel`l gjzlz u{ rzlmkzg plkh`g ihclhk ulhgrkhgu rzku{r{kupi# rkziì kh kc w{k uk lhpzi`{di `k cckhi kh cg jciniuakzg#kc Mgzokplhn Ihclhk | kc Riulelihgmlkhpi kh J{uegìzku( Kh :220 |g fgjg`kel`lì grgzegz u{u ghclulu ricpleiu rgzg aizdgzuk {hg qlulh ncijgc uijzk cgkeihimg | ciu hknieliu g pzgqu `k {h MJG kh cg Kue{kcg `k Hknieliu `kcg [hlqkzul`g` K{zirkg `k Mg`zl` w{k ck rkzmlpl eihqkzplzuk kh Urkelgc|Ugcku Zkr `k cg m{cplhgelihgc Hlok# ìh`k khpz g aizmgz rgzpk `kc zkg `k

Mgzokplhn | Qkhpgu(

Ulh kmjgzni# u{ nzgh irizp{hl`g` cckngzg `k cg mghi `k cg m{cplhgelihgcu{keg Pzg`k@i{jckz# `k`leg`g gc mgzokplhn `k zku{cpgìu# | `k cg m{cplhgelihgckurgicg Ghpkqkhli# ìh`k Rk`zi Zijckì rgzplelr kh kc rziekui `klhpkzhgelihgcltgelh k cg eimrgg# kurkelgcmkhpk kh cg rgzpk kc mgzokplhn kzku{cpgìu k Hkpalclg &Mgzokplhn k Galclgelh | egmrggu k K-mglc Mgzokplhn)@lurcg|,(

Kh cg gep{gcl`g`# Zijckì ku rziakuiz k Mgzokplhn k Galclgelh kh cg : k`lelh`kc Mupkz `k Pehlegu `k Mgzokplhn Ihclhk | ipziu e{zuiu `k cg Ouefiic -cgkue{kcg `k rziakulihgcku `k Lhpkzhkp mu rzkuplnliug `k h{kupzi rgu-# mgpkzlgw{k eihiek g cg rkzakeelh | w{k `kugzziccg rziakulihgcmkhpk eimi UgckuMghgnkz `k Nkgtkh# {hg zk` `k galclgelh kurgicg jgug`g kh cg lhhiqgelh `kcg w{k ku uieli | eia{h`gìz(

Fgh eihalgì kh c kmrzkugu eimi J{|Qlr# eih cg w{k w{k` alhgclupg kh ciurzkmliu K-Eimm G~gzù @{i :277# zkeihielmlkhpi w{k pgmjlh ijp{qi eih

Rk`zi ZijckìKvrkzpi kh Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh

CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(0


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CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(;2RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU

Nkgtkh eimi mkdiz kmrzkug `k Mgzokplhn `k Zku{cpgìu | Mkdiz KmrzkugDiqkh `k Ukzqleliu kh ciu K-eimmkzek G~gzù :277( Rzijgjckmkhpk kupga{cn{zghpk pzg|kepizlg fg rzirlelgì w{k# kh :27:# Nkgtkh ukg gjuizjl`g rizcg kmrzkug kuegh`lhgjg `k mgzokplhn `k zku{cpgìu K{ziGù# irkzgelh w{kfg `kukmjiegì kh cg a{h`gelh `k cg alzmgKG Kurgg# `k cg w{k Zijckì kumlkmjzi kc K{zirkgh Mghgnkmkhp Pkgm# uieli | lzkepiz eimkzelgc( Pgmjlh

kup `ghì u{u rzlmkziu rguiu kc rizpgc Galclgelh @lzkepg# {h h{kqi rzi|kepiaizmgplqi uijzk Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh(

Eih piì#Rk`zi Zijckì &BRk`ziYZijckì, hi ekug kh u{ kmrki riz lmr{cugzrzi|kepiu rgzg cinzgz w{k cgu kmrzkugu ijpkhngh zku{cpgìu riz Lhpkzhkp# riz ciw{k pgmjlh ku uieli k Lhac{khTlg(hkp# kmrzkug aiegcltg`g kh jzgh`lhn g pzgqu`k ciu Uielgc Mk`lg? eia{h`gìz `k Galclgelih(ei# kc rizpgc `k ciu rziakulihgcku`kc Mgzokplhn `k Galclgelh# | ei-iznghltgìz `kc rzlmkz ec{j `k ckep{zg `kMgzokplhn Ihclhk g hlqkc hgelihgc# Pfkmih`g|zkg`lhnec{j(eim( Fgek grkhgu

{hiu mkuku fg cghtgì kc cljzi Mgzokplhn `k galclgelh kh {hg ukmghg(


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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(;7



Dgqlkz Ekcg|g fgjcg kh kupg khpzkqlupg eihek`l`g g ^kjriulpkz `kcgu h{kqgu pkehicingu `k cg lhaizmgelh eimi rlktg ecgqk kh kckhnzghgdk kmrzkugzlgc# `lukeelihg cgu zkncgu `kc d{kni `k cg ^kj :(2| u{u rzlhelrgcku gepizku# gc plkmri w{k rzihiupleg cg uizrzkh`khpkkqic{elh pkehicnleg w{k qlqlz kc k-eimmkzek eih ulupkmgu `kzkeimkh`gelh jgugìu kh kc eihu{mi zkgc(

Cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu `k cg lhaizmgelh gjzkh {h ieghi `k riuljlcl`g`ku khkc egmri kmrzkugzlgc( Ciu mi`kciu `k hknieli pzg`lelihgcku uk zklhqkhpgh |kqic{elihgh ccknghì eg`g qkt mu ckdiu(

Eimi `kupgeg kh kupg kvpkhug eihqkzugelh Dgqlkz Ekcg|g &Bdgqlkzekcg|g,#{hi `k ciu `lq{cngìzku mu zkeihielìu uijzk kc mk`li ihclhk# Lhpkzhkp fgkclmlhgì cgu azihpkzgu | cgu clmlpgelihku g cgu w{k ghpku uk khazkhpgjgh cgukmrzkugu# fgelkhì `k c {h grgulihghpk kuegrgzgpk(

G eihplh{gelh# ^kjriulpkzjzlh`g g h{kupziu ckepizku {hg khpzkqlupg w{k ckrzirizelihgz {hg qlulh gep{gc | rziurkeplqg `k Lhpkzhkp eimi mipiz qlpgc rgzgkc a{helihgmlkhpi `k cgu kmrzkugu | e{|g zkqic{elh eim{hlegplqg hi fg fkefi

agekjiio(eim)dgqlkz(ekcg|g

Bdgqlkzekcg|g

ku(clhok`lh(eim)lh)dgqlkzekcg|g

~~~(dgqlkzekcg|g(ku


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CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(;:RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU

mu w{k eimkhtgz# pgc | eimi g{n{zg Dgqlkz Ekcg|g(


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Kh Lhpkzhkp# {hg kmrzkug hiplkhk cmlpku `k ezkelmlkhpi- Khpzkqlupg g Dgqlkz Ekcg|g -

7( Kefghì cg qlupg gpzu# w{ zke{kzìu plkhku `k ciu lhleliu `kLhpkzhkp9 Lmgnlhgupk kh gcnh mimkhpi cg kqic{elh w{k fgkvrkzlmkhpgì9

Kmrlkti riz cg cplmg rgzpk `k cg rzkn{hpg( Lhpkzhkp mk uizrzkh`k piìuciu `gu( \i ezki w{k pi`gqg hiu w{k`g m{efi riz qkz# kupgmiu kh kc lhleli`k kupg zkqic{elh `lnlpgc | `k cg mghkzg kh w{k kup pzghuaizmghì cg ui-elk`g`( Ml rzlmkz khe{khpzi eih Lhpkzhkp a{k kh ciu giu


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rzi`{epiu | ukzqleliu g m{cplp{` k rkzuihgu( C{kni ri`kmiu khpzgz g fgjcgz`k pkmgu eimi cg al`kcltgelh | gpkhelh `k eclkhpku# qkhpgu | `kmu rkzi#

rkzuihgcmkhpk# cg rzlhelrgc grizpgelh k cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu kup kh w{k{hg kmrzkug hi plkhk cmlpku `k ezkelmlkhpi eih Lhpkzhkp(

5( Cg pkehicing fg pzghuaizmgì cgu kupzgpknlgu `k Mgzokplhn |Eim{hlegelh `k m{cplp{` `k kmrzkugu( E{c l`khplalegzgueimi kc nzgh gelkzpi | kc mg|iz kzziz w{k uk eimkpk gep{gcmkhpk9

Kh rzlmkz c{ngz# piìu qgmiu g eimkpkz kzzizku g cg fizg `k lhlelgz kupkegmlhi( Ku gcni w{k pkhkmiu w{k gu{mlz( D{upi kupg mgghg kh {hg eih-

akzkhelg kh kc Rgcgek# cku pzghumlp g ciu kmrzkugzliu kupk mkhugdk( Hi fg|fidg `k z{pg# hi fg| rzkek`khpku( Gu eimi kh cgu ipzgu fkzzgmlkhpgu `keim{hlegelh# r{jclel`g` i mgzokplhn kh kc mjlpi kmrzkugzlgc |g pkhgmiu{hg elkzpg ugjl`{zg# |g fgjgmiu fkefi geelihku ghpku# ugjgmiu ci w{k hi`kjgmiu fgekz i emi ci `kjgmiu fgekz( Hiu g`khpzgmiu kh {h h{kqim{hì# pi`g kupg kzg `lnlpgc# ìh`k hg`lk# hl h{kupzg kmrzkug hl u{ eim-

rkpkhelg plkhk {h ohi~ fi~ uijzk emi fgekzci jlkh( Riz ci pghpi# piìuqgmiu g eimkpkz kzzizku g cg fizg `k gh`gz ciu rzlmkziu rguiu(

Riz kupg zgth# hiu fkmiu `k w{lpgz kuk mlkì g eimkpkz kzzizku( Hi rgug

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nzkuiu Rihpk gc g# hi rlkhuku w{k kupk m{hì hi plkhk hg`g w{k qkz eihp{ kmrzkug rizw{k p{ hknieli ku {hg rkw{kg R\MK( Hi rlkhuku w{k hi plk-hku w{k kupgz kh Agekjiio i P~lppkz rizw{k hi kzku {hg nzgh kmrzkug( Rizkc eihpzgzli# p{u eclkhpku | p{ eimrkpkhelg |g kuph gf `khpzi riz ci pghpiqg eihplni( Cg rgzpk riulplqg ku w{k kmrlkeku g eihiekz kupk h{kqi m{hì| cg hkngplqg w{k hi eimkpgu ciu mlumiu kzzizku# ulhi mlhlmtgciu eih kcgrzkh`ltgdk# eih {h rziekui `k khug|i-kzziz | eihukn{lzu zkgcmkhpk {hgqkhpgdg eimrkplplqg rgzg p{ kmrzkug(

0( Cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu uielgcku# zkgcl`g` { i`lukg kh cgkupzgpknlg kmrzkugzlgc9



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Zkgcl`g`( Ul mk f{jlkzgu fkefi kupg rzkn{hpg fgek {h rgz k giu pk f{jlkzg

`lefi w{k pi`gqg kzg {h kurkdlumi i w{k hi kupgjg pgh kvpkh`lì( Cgu zk`kuuielgcku kh Kurgg kuph m{| kvpkh`l`gu( Ekzeg `kc 12 riz elkhpi `k ciulhpkzhg{pgu cgu {plcltgh g lgzli# uimiu {hi k ciu rguku kc m{hì w{k mu{plcltgmiu cgu zk`ku uielgcku eg`g `g( Ulkmrzk `lni w{k Kurgg ku {h rguìh`k rgugmiu `kc rgugì gc a{p{zi ulh rgugz riz kc rzkukhpk( Gc rzlhelrlihkngmiu cg mg|iz `lelkhì w{k kupi hi qg eih hiuipziu# w{k ku {h rz`l`g`k plkmri( Piìu pkhkmiu {hg irlhlh m{| alzmk( Rkzi# `k zkrkhpk# `k cghiefk g cg mgghg# ci w{k ezlplegmiu qkmiu w{k hi kup pgh mgc# w{k kupcckhi `k qkhpgdgu | kmrktgmiu g fgekzcgu h{kupzgu( Fg rgugì eih cg pkckai-hg mqlc# eih cg jgheg ihclhk# lhec{lì gfizg cgu zk`ku uielgcku( Kupi ku {hg

zkgcl`g`# hi ku {hg mi`g rgugdkzg( R{k`k w{k fi| kh `g kupkmiu piìu khAgekjiio | g ci mkdiz `khpzi `k {hiu giu Agekjiio hi pkhng kug riulelhìmlhghpk w{k plkhk fi| kh `g# ln{gc w{k ul f{jlzgmiu pkhlì kupg kvrk-zlkhelg fgek ; giu fgjcgzgmiu `k M|urgek rizw{k Agekjiio hi kzg hg`lk(

Ci w{k hi qg g egmjlgz lh`krkh`lkhpkmkhpk `k w{k uk ccgmk M|urgek# Ag-ekjiio i P~lppkz ku cg aizmg `k zkcgelihgzuk kh gjlkzpi# eimrgzplkhì p{ukvrkzlkhelgu `k eihu{mi `k rzi`{epiu | ukzqleliu( Ku pi`g {hg zkgcl`g` `kculnci VVL eih cg w{k pi`gu cgu kmrzkugu fgh `k eihqlqlz gu{mlkhì w{k kh

iegulihku fgjcgzh jlkh `k p{u rzi`{epiu | ipzgu hi pghpi(

;( Kh cg gep{gc kzg pkehicnleg# w{ ukhplìu fg `k pkhkz mugn{`ltgìu {h zkurihugjck `k Eim{hlegelh Ihclhk rgzggceghtgz u{u mkpgu9

Mk rgzkek {hg rzkn{hpg m{| gekzpg`g rizw{k kh ciu cplmiu plkmriu uk fghfkefi zkackvlihku | ijukzqgelihku w{k# g ml rgzkekz# `kueihiekh cg zkgcl`g``k kupk kuekhgzli( Uk fgjcg m{efi `k cg aln{zg `kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz#{hg rkzuihg eih m{cplp{` `k fgjlcl`g`ku rgzkek {h U{rkzmgh i {hg U{-

rkz~imgh rizw{k r{k`k fgekz `k piì? r{k`k kupgz kh Agekjiio# P~lppkz#kh \i{p{jk | eihpgepgz eih piì kc m{hì( Hi ku gu( Kc rkzalc `k {h zku-

rihugjck `k Eim{hlegelh @lnlpgc ku m{| ulmlcgz gc rkzalc `kc eim{hlegìz`k pi`g cg ql`g( Kuk zkurihugjck `k eim{hlegelh `k m{efgu kmrzkugu w{k{plcltgjg {hgu fkzzgmlkhpgu ghgcnlegu# w{k pkhg {hg mkhpk kupzgpnleg#ugjg `kpkzmlhgz e{hì# `h`k | `k w{ mghkzg `kjg `k eim{hlegz# eihw{ mkhugdk | g pzgqu k w{ eghgc# eih w{ azke{khelg# {plcltgjg eihqkhlkh-pkmkhpk cgu fkzzgmlkhpgu w{k pkhg g u{ `luriulelh eimi hipgu `k rzkhug#


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khe{khpziu eih rkzli`lupgu# kqkhpiu# egmrggu `k r{jclel`g`# ci w{k a{kzk(Eih kuk eihielmlkhpi `k ciu mk`liu | ciu aizmgpiu kc eim{hlegìz ihclhk

fg `k lheizrizgz pi`gu kupgu h{kqgu fkzzgmlkhpgu `lnlpgcku# eihiekz kc a{h-elihgmlkhpi `k cgu mlumgu rizw{k eg`g {hg `k kccgu plkhk u{ ulhn{cgzl`g`#lheizrizgzcgu kh kuk mlv `k eim{hlegelh rgzg ugjkz e{hì pieg {plcltgze{gcw{lkzg `k kupgu fkzzgmlkhpgu jlkh ukg P~lppkz# Agekjiio# \i{P{jk |fgekzci `k aizmg iz`khg`g | kupzgpnlegmkhpk(

Kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz ku {hg rkzuihg w{k kdke{pg# {hg rkzuihg w{k# {hgqkt `kel`l`g cg kupzgpknlg | kupgjckelì e{c ku kc mkhugdk | kc ijdkplqi `khknieli w{k w{kzkmiu ijpkhkz g pzgqu `k kupiu mk`liu# ci cckqg g egji rkzifg `k fgjkz {hg zkackvlh kupzgpnleg ghpku rgzg ugjkz e{c ku ml ijdkplqi `k

hknieli# w{ w{lkzi eihukn{lz g pzgqu `k kupgu grclegelihku | riz w{ fk `k-el`lì kupgz kh P~lppkz i Agekjiio( Rizw{k pgc qkt# fgelhìuk kug zkackvlh#cckngu g cg eihec{ulh w{k hi plkhku riz w{ kupgz kh Agekjiio rizw{k hi kukc c{ngz g`ke{gì rgzg eim{hlegz ci w{k `kukgu i w{k kc z{lì w{k fg| khkupg zk` uielgc eih 6;2 mlccihku k {u{gzliu pk fgek lhqluljck( Riz ci pghpi# kuzkeimkh`gjck w{k ekhpzku p{u kua{kztiu kh {h zk` kurkelgcltg`g kh p{ ukepiz&gzpk# mipiz# e{cp{zg,( Fg| ekzeg `k 0(>22 zk`ku uielgcku kurkelgcltg`guw{k# pgc qkt# uici pkhngh :2(222 i 52(222 {u{gzliu rkzi piìu kcciu uih

aghu `k kug geplql`g`# cku kheghpgh cgu mipiu# ciu eiefku# ciu cljziu Ku kh

kupgu zk`ku uielgcku ih`k rzijgjckmkhpk qgu g ijpkhkz {h mg|iz zkpizhi klhqkzulh g p{ rzkukhelg kh cg ~kj uielgc# mlkhpzgu w{k kh Agekjiio r{k`kupkhkz {h rkzalc m{| jihlpi rkzi ku m{| `laelc eihukn{lz {h zkpizhi `k lhqkz-ulh rizw{k fg| {h z{lì lmrzkulihghpk(

1( Fi| riz fi|# w{ agepizku uih ez{elgcku kh cgu `kelulihku `keimrzg ihclhk9

Kc rzlmkzi | `kc w{k# g ml rgzkekz# uk fgjcg m{| riei ku cg aguk `kc `kue{-jzlmlkhpi# kc kheihpzgz gw{kcci w{k g m mk r{k`g lhpkzkugz( Fi| kh `g#piìu khpzgmiu kh Lhpkzhkp riz cg mlumg r{kzpg w{k uk ccgmg Niinck# {hj{uegìz w{k hiu g|{`g g iz`khgz kc egiu k Lhpkzhkp( Rkzi piìu ugjkmiu ci`kalelkhpk w{k r{k`k cckngz g ukz e{ghì w{kzkmiu {hg juw{k`g kurkealeg(Eg`g qkt kheihpzgmiu w{k ciu zku{cpgìu `k Niinck uih mu eimkzelgckueih cg r{jclel`g` `k u{ rcgpgaizmg `k G`îzù# w{k lh{h`gh ciu rzlmkziuzku{cpgìu riz khelmg | riz kc mgznkh `kzkefi( Ci w{k uk kup griupghìkh pkh`khelg `k kqic{elh ku riz pkehicingu `k `kue{jzlmlkhpi | zkeimkh-`gelh w{k qg|gh mu gcc `k cg juw{k`g ulmrck kh {h j{uegìz( Kh kupkukhplì# pgmjlh ri`kmiu fgjcgz `k pkehicingu eimi cg {plcltg`g kh Gmg-



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tih ìh`k hiu u{nlkzkh Rkzuihgu w{k fgh eimrzgì kupk cljzi pgmjlh fgheimrzgì# azm{cg eih cg w{k `kue{jzk gc {u{gzli m{efgu eiugu( Rkzi kc

w{k p mk `lngu w{k ipzg rkzuihg w{k fg eimrzgì kupk cljzi pgmjlh uk fgeimrzgì kupk ipzi# m{efgu qkeku hi ulnhlaleg w{k fg|g pkhlì {hg ugpluage-elh rckhg eih kuk rzi`{epi( Ku `kelz# p fgu ri`lì qkz {hg rkce{cg rizw{kpk cg fgh zkeimkh`gì# rkzi ugcku `kc elhk `lelkhì4 Hi u riz w{ mk cgfgh zkeimkh`gì( Pk fgh zkeimkh`gì {h cljzi# p pk ci eimrzgu# rkzi gmlpg` `k egmlhi uk pk egk `k cgu mghiu rizw{k kc rkzuihgdk i cg pzgmg rlkz-`k lhpkzu# i rizw{k rzijgjckmkhpk gcn{lkh pk zkngck ipzi cljzi w{k pk n{upgmu | `kdku kc ipzi rkh`lkhpk `k ckkz rgzg kc zkupi `k u{u `gu(

Kupg kqic{elh pkehicnleg kh kc eimkzeli kckepzhlei qg g ukz ecgqk( Kc ulu-

pkmg `k zkeimkh`gelh qg g ukz mu rkzuihgcltgì# hi pghpi riz cg qgzlgjckeimrzg w{k r{k`k ukz khngiug riz ci w{k gegji `k eimkhpgz# ulhi rizkupgu pkehicingu `k zkeimkh`gelh jgug`gu kh kc eihu{mi zkgc( Ku `kelz#eimi gfizg qg g kupgz piì kh cg h{jk# uk ugjz ul kc cljzi w{k mk fk eim-

rzgì ci fk ckì fgupg kc alhgc rizw{k cg pkehicing ugjk ul ci fk rgugìrnlhg riz rnlhg# ul ci fk u{jzg|gì# ul ci fk ghipgì# ul fk eimrgzplìml kvrkzlkhelg kh Agekjiio i P~lppkz# ul kc cljzi fg aizmgì rgzpk `k {h

nz{ri `k ckep{zg | kupi| gcc ìu i pzku qkeku g cg ukmghg eimrgzplkhì kugkvrkzlkhelg eih ipzi nz{ri `k rkzuihgu Ci mlumi eih muleg# elhk# kpe(

Kug kvrkzlkhelg zkgc `k eihu{mi eih cg w{k pkehicnlegmkhpk qi| g ugjkzw{k pk fg kheghpgì rizw{k fgu qlupi kug rkce{cg fgupg kc alhgc# lhec{ui ìuqkeku kug ukmghg | hi fgu rgzgì `k fgjcgz k kccg kh u{u lakzkhpku eghgcku#kupgz jgug`g kh p{ ugpluageelh(

Kh eimkzeli kckepzhlei ci w{k qgmiu g qkz ku {h nzgh gqghek pkehicnlei khulupkmgu `k zkeimkh`gelh jgugìu kh eihu{mi zkgc# w{k qg ukz aguelhghpk`ku`k kc r{hpi `k qlupg `k emi qg g eihiekz p{u galhl`g`ku(

Ipzi k ciu r{hpiu ecgqk ukz kc rziekui k lmr{cui kh Lhpkzhkp( Kh kc m{hì

zkgc kc lmr{cui kup rzkukhpk e{ghì qgu gh`ghì `k eimrzgu | m{efgu qk-eku eimrzgmiu rzi`{epiu w{k hi hkekulpgmiu( Eih Lhpkzhkp ku mu# rizw{k`k zkrkhpk cg pkehicing pk fgek {hg iakzpg# kc rzkeli ku {hg qgzlgjck ecgqk`kc eimkzeli kckepzhlei# uih rzkeliu `lhmleiu w{k kuph d{nghì eihu-pghpkmkhpk rizw{k ugjku w{k ku cg ukn{h`g i pkzekzg qkt w{k khpzgu kh kukulpli ~kj | w{k ck kupu `ghì q{kcpgu g kuk rzi`{epi( Cg rnlhg ~kj r{k`klhpkzgep{gz eihplni iazkelhìpk {h ; riz elkhpi `k `kue{khpi | khpiheku|g egku( I jlkh khpzgu kh kc ulupkmg `k zkeimkh`gelh | pk u{nlkzk w{k {hggmlng p{|g pgmjlh ci fg eimrzgì | kup kheghpg`g eih kuk rzi`{epi(


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Kh kc rziekui `k lmr{cui w{k cg eimrzg uk zkgclek kh {h ecle ukz ecgqk# kcrziekui `k eimrzg `kjkz `k egzgepkzltgzuk riz u{ gmgjlcl`g`# ulh zkcckhgz

aizm{cgzliu# uici eih {h ecle rgzg cckqgzmk lhmk`lgpgmkhpk kc rzi`{epi(

Alhgcmkhpk# kh cgu `kelulihku `k eimrzg `kpkzmlhghpk ku kc ukzqleli riupqkhpg( Ku `kelz# w{k |i r{k`k eimrgzplz riupkzlizmkhpk cg kvrkzlkhelg `k ug-pluageelh | {ui `k kuk rzi`{epi( Fi| kh `g# eih cgu zk`ku uielgcku eimrgz-plmiu piì# ul kupi| kh {h zkupg{zghpk# kh {hg plkh`g P w{lkzku eimrgzplz

rgzg w{k kc zkupi `kc m{hì ukrg w{k pk fgu eimrzgì {h rzi`{epi w{k pkfg kheghpgì# g{hw{k ukg uci riz kc kni i riz ukhplzpk jlkh(

>( E{cku `kupgegzgu eimi cgu zkncgu `kc d{kni `k cg ~kj :(29

Uih qgzlgu rkzi |i `kupgegzg cg rgzplelrgelh `ku`k kc r{hpi `k qlupg `k pk-hkz {hg mkhpgcl`g` `k kmrzkug pzghuqkzugc( Kupg ~kj uielgc ku m{| eflqgpgkh riulplqi( Riz kdkmrci# ciu ricpleiu eih cg cckng`g `k cgu kckeelihku gjzkh

rkzalcku kh Agekjiio | P~lppkz | e{ghì uk qgh# nghkh i rlkz`gh# `kdgz k pk-hkzciu geplqiu( Piì kcci ku rizw{k hi uk ulkhpkh emiìu( Qkz`g`kzgmkhpk#kupgz kh cg ~kj uielgc lmrcleg kupgz kvr{kupi g eihqkzugelihku w{k# cg nzghmg|izg `k cgu qkeku# uih m{| gmgjcku | khzlw{kekìzgu( Fg| rkzuihgu w{kzkgcmkhpk grizpgh m{efi qgciz g cg eihqkzugelh eimrgzplkhì zkackvlihku

m{| lhpkzkughpku(

U# ku qkz`g` w{k fg| w{k pkhkz {hg `luriulelh g eihqkzugz# g rgzplelrgz# gaizmgz rgzpk `k kug eim{hl`g`# | `k gu{mlz w{k hi kzg eimi kuk m{hìkh kc w{k ghpku riz ukz w{lkh kzgu# egpk`zplei i `lzkepiz nkhkzgc# pkhg {hgelkzpg g{pizl`g`( Kug g{pizlpgu# |i fgjcgjg | piìu mk kue{efgjgh# fg gì

rgui g pkhkz w{k nghgzpk cg ezk`ljlcl`g` | kc zkurkpi egul g `lgzli( Ci j{khi| ci mgci w{k plkhkh kupgu zk`ku uielgcku ku w{k p{ h`lek `k qluljlcl`g` |ezk`ljlcl`g` ci plkhku w{k gclmkhpgz piìu ciu gu# ku`k kc r{hpi k qlupg kkupgz gf# grizpgz# `kue{jzlkhì eiugu | eimrgzplhìcgu eih p{ eim{hl`g`(Rizw{k kh kc mimkhpi w{k pk ci ezkgu i `kdku `k fgekzci pk qgh g g`kcghpgz

riz cg ltw{lkz`g | cg `kzkefg |g w{k fg| nkhpk w{k khukn{l`g qg g ie{rgz kukkurgeli( Fg| w{k pkhkz {h elkzpi nzgì `k f{mlc`g`( Gulmlumi# cgu kmrzk-ugu uih eg`g `g mu pzghurgzkhpku | mu gjlkzpgu eih lh`krkh`khelg `k w{kukg `lzkepiz nkhkzgc { ie{rku {h egzni lhpkzmk`li piìu r{k`kh eihqkzugzeih piì kc m{hì(

6( Kc kmrzkh`kìz `kc ulnci VVL r{k`k kh lhpkzhkp &eimrckpg cg



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azguk,

Cckqgz g egji u{ rzi|kepi eih mkhiu ijupe{ciu( Ku mu `laelc ukz kmrzkh-`kìz kh kc m{hì ghgcnlei w{k kh kc m{hì `lnlpgc( Hi ku aelc# w{k cgnkhpk hi ci mgckhplkh`g( Kc pgmgi `k cgu kmrzkugu kh Lhpkzhkp hiu fgek gpiìu ln{gcku( Ku kc pgmgi `k cg rghpgccg `kc iz`khgìz# mlkhpzgu w{k khkc m{hì ghgcnlei {hg nzgh kmrzkug eimi Pkckahleg i Kc Eizpk Lhncuu{ pgmgi aulei# u{ k`laleli | `kmu# ku zkckqghpk( Kh Lhpkzhkp uimiu piìuln{gcku(


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plri k rziek`lmlkhpi | kupi qg g ijclngz g cgu kmrzkugu g kmrktgz g pimgzukkupk eghgc gh mu kh ukzli( Cg kqic{elh `k lhpkzhkp eih`{elz g cg eihui-

cl`gelh `k kupk akhmkhi `kc eimrgzplz kh zk`ku uielgcku# hi pghpi ul ku Ag-ekjiio i P~lppkz eimi |g fk eimkhpgì rizw{k kupgu zk`ku uielgcku r{k`khukz rgugdkzgu | `gz khpzg`g g ipzgu h{kqgu( Qgmiu g qkz h{kqgu aizmgu `keim{hlegzhiu kh Lhpkzhkp w{k hi qgh g kupgz pgh jgug`gu kh pkvpiu( Ku e{-zliui rizw{k gfizg rgzkek w{k kc pkvpi uk qg zk`{elkhì( Qkhgmiu rzlmkzi`k ciu aiziu# c{kni ciu jcinu# kc mlezijcinnlhn | kupgmiu gfizg kuezljlkhìkh 7;2 egzgepkzku( Kc h{kqi egmlhi hiu cckqg g {h Lhpkzhkp mu qlu{gc# hiuqgmiu g eim{hlegz mu riz g{`li | riz q`ki# pzghuaizmghì cg aizmg khw{k cgu kmrzkugu uk eim{hlegh eih u{u eclkhpku ripkhelgcku( Kupg pkh`khelgijclngz g cgu kmrzkugu g khpkh`kz w{k fgh `k eim{hlegz `k ipzg mghkzg(

Ipzi gurkepi lmrizpghpk ku w{k cg ~kj qg g ukz mu ukmhpleg( Fi| kh `g#kh {h j{uegìz gc lhpzi`{elz cljziu mgzokplhn# uici pk zkurih`k eih ulpliu~kj w{k pkhngh kugu mlumgu rgcgjzgu( Kupk hi khplkh`k w{k Mgzokplhn kuln{gc g R{jclel`g` | w{k R{jclel`g` ku ln{gc g Eim{hlegelh( Hi ku ukmhpl-ei ci w{k fgek w{k cg juw{k`g | egrp{zg `k lhaizmgelh# uijzk piì e{ghìw{lkzku rzia{h`ltgz# ukg mu `laelc( @khpzi `k {h rgz `k giu qkzkmiu {hg~kj mu ukmhpleg w{k qg g khpkh`kz w{k kugu pzku rgcgjzgu w{k eimkhpgjg Mgzokplhn# R{jclel`g` | Eim{hlegelh kuph clng`gu | hiu r{k`k iazkekz

eimi zku{cpgì {h cljzi# rkzi pgmjlh {h q`ki# {hg lmgnkh# {h riègupi {hg khpzkqlupg( \g hi ku uici pkvpi ulhi w{k ciu j{uegìzku eimi Niinckzkurih`kzh eih {h mlv `k ckhn{gdku | aizmgpiu(

77( Rgzg ekzzgz kupg khpzkqlupg# fjcghiu `k a{p{ziu rzi|kepiu khciu w{k kupu pzgjgdghì(

Kupi| kuezljlkhì {h h{kqi cljzi( Ku {h khug|i uijzk emi cg uielk`g` kupegmjlghì eih cg lzz{relh `k pi`gu kupgu h{kqgu pkehicingu( Kc cljzi qgg ukz kc rzlmkz khug|i kh aizmgpi `lnlpgc Pzghumk`lg w{k uk qg g r{jclegzkh Kurgg rizw{k kc cljzi qg g kupgz kh pkvpi rkzi `kur{u qg g mlnzgz g`lakzkhpku ckhn{gdku m{cplmk`lg ìh`k eihul`kzi w{k# gw{kcci w{k w{lkzipzghumlplz# ci qi| g kvrclegz mkdiz g pzgqu `k {h q`ki i {hg kvrkzlkhelgeih kc ckepiz# w{lkh aizmgz rgzpk `k cg hgzzgplqg( \i eimi g{piz `kc ulnci

VVL cg rzkn{hpg w{k mk fgeg kzg ul kupgu h{kqgu pkehicingu mk rkzmlplzghkvrzkugzmk# eihpgz ci w{k w{lkzi eihpgz `k ipzg mghkzg# hl mkdiz hl rkiz(

Gc alhgc# mk fk plzgì g cg rluelhg | kupi| gfizg kmjgzegì kh kupk rzi|kepiw{k kupgz clupi rgzg hiqlkmjzk( Kupi| khp{ulgumgì rizw{k |i mlumi kupi|`kue{jzlkhì h{kqgu aizmgu `k kuezljlz# `k eihpgz# g pzgqu `k pi`gu kupgu



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h{kqgu qkhpgdgu w{k mk grizpg cg pkehicing(

EIHIELKH@I G DGQLKZ EKCG\G

Agmlclgz rgzg m{efiu riz u{ kvekckhpk zg`linzgag `k Lhpkzhkp kh Cg Kmrzkugkh cg ^kj :(2 &Nkuplh :222,# fgjcgz eihDgqlkz Ekcg|g ku {h g{phplei rcgekzw{k pzgurgug lhec{ui cg pkizg | cg rzepleg kvr{kupg kh kuiu cljziu | kup{`liu w{khiu fgh cckqgì g m{efiu g ukz nzgh`ku g`mlzgìzku `k u{u ijzgu | zkackvlihku(Khp{ulgupg | g`mlzgìz eihakui `k Lhpkzhkp riz u{ egrgel`g` rgzg uizrzkh`kzckeg`g `g# cg pzg|kepizlg rziakulihgc `k Ekcg|g ku kc zku{cpgì `k {h egmlhi

gjlkzpi g cg kvrkzlmkhpgelh | cg qghn{gz`lg qlkhì cg pkehicing eimi {hm{hì grgulihghpk# cckhi `k riuljlcl`g`ku riz kvrcipgz | eimrgkzg qlpgc `kculnci VVL(

Kc rzlmkz eihpgepi `k Dgqlkz Ekcg|g eih cg pkehicing a{k kh Kupgìu [hlìu#ìh`k ijp{qi cg Clekhelgp{zg `k @lzkeelh `k Kmrzkugu riz Jiupih Eiccgnk(Kuk ackefgti ck cckq g kvrcizgz w{ uk kueih`k pzgu cg pkehicing# fgelkhì `kkccg u{ egmri `k jgpgccg eih zkeihielmlkhpiu pgh `kupgegìu eimi kc RzkmliKurkelgc Z`C `k @lq{cngelh ipizngì kh :277 riz cg cgjiz kmrzkh`l`g kh kcm{hì `k cg eim{hlegelh | cg lhaizmgelh `lnlpgc# nzgh`ku eimrgkziu `k

qlgdk kh pi`g u{ gh`g`{zg rziakulihgc(

@ku`k 7


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Eih {hg gmrclg aizmgelh geg`mleg khpzk cg w{k `kupgeg kc Mupkz khZkcgelihku Lhpkzhgelihgcku riz cg [hlqkzul`g` `k Eic{mjlg# kh H{kqg \izo#

Dgqlkz Ekcg|g kup qlhe{cgì gc mjlpi geg`mlei ku`k cg [hlqkzul`g` k Gcegculkhì ei`lzkepiz `kc Mupkz `k Eim{hlegelh Eizrizgplqg k Lhuplp{elihgc :(2 |`kc Mupkz `k K`lelh @lnlpgc(

U{ rgulh riz cgu h{kqgu pkehicingu ck fg cckqgì g ukz {h kuezlpiz `kc ulnciVVL eih h{mkziugu ijzgu | kup{`liu ekhpzg`gu kh cg grclegelh k cgu hiqkìugupkehicingu kh cg kupzgpknlg kmrzkugzlgc# ulkhì kc mu eihielì Cg Kmrzkugkh cg ^kj :(2 &Nkuplh :222,(



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EfkmgMgzphkt-RzlkniEihu{cpiz# rcghhkz | aizmgìz`k Mgzokplhn Lhpkzgeplqi

Kurkelgclupg kh lmr{cugz kupzgpknlgu lhnkhliugu rgzg lhpkzgep{gzeih kc {u{gzli# Efkmg Mgzphkt-Rzlkni fg dgcihgì u{ egzzkzg `krzi|kepiu qlhe{cgìu gc UMM ku`k lakzkhpku hn{ciu rziakulihgcku(

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@{zghpk ciu cplmiu elhei giu# Mgzphkt-Rzlkni fg ulì kc zkurihugjck k mgzegz

cgu chkgu mgkupzgu `kc UMM kh Uke{i|gu Mgzokplhn# gnkhelg lhpkzgeplqg w{k`kalhk | irplmltg kupzgpknlgu `k Lhpkzhkp `k mgzegu pgh ripkhpku eimi Kc Rgu#ZPQK(ku# cg JJE# Pkckmg`zl`# G`kucgu# Lhqkzulu Jghei# JJQG# Egdg Mg`zl`#Kh`kug# Rnlhgu Gmgzlccgu i cg D{hpg `k Gh`gc{eg# khpzk ipzgu eizrizgelihku(Kh cg gep{gcl`g` kup kmjgzegì kh {h h{kqi rzi|kepi# Kvrlzlp(ku# {h ec{jìh`k grzkh`kzkmiu g eimrzgz jkjl`gu Rzkml{m | g eimrgzplz kvrkzlkhelgukh pizhi g kccgu# rkzi w{k pi`gqg kup mgekzghì(

G`kmu# Efkmg Mgzphkt-Rzlkni &Bulm`gcim, a{k {hi `k ciu rzlmkziu kh

agekjiio(eim)efkmg(mgzplhkt(rzlkni

Bulm`gcim

ku(clhok`lh(eim)lh)efkmgmgzplhktrzlkni

~~~(ulm`gcim(eim)jcin


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gpzkqkzuk g rzia{h`ltgz kh cgu a{helihku | plricingu k {hg rziakulh w{k# ul jlkhkhpiheku |g uihgjg kh ciu eze{ciu k Mgzokplhn Ihclhk# fi| ku kdk lmrzkuelh`ljck`k cg Eim{hlegelh Eizrizgplqg kh zk`ku uielgcku4 kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz( Kh^kjriulpkz ck khpzkqlupgmiu rgzg w{k hiu `kuqkck e{c ukzg kc rkzalc gep{gc `kkupg rziakulh kh gctg# u{u h{kqiu zicku# aizmgelh# zkpiu | kvrkepgplqgu a{p{zgu(


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Ciu {u{gzliu plkh`kh g rkhugzw{k kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz ku cimu rgzkelì g {h u{rkzfimjzk- Khpzkqlupg g Efkmg Mgzphkt-Rzlkni -

7( Gfizg w{k pi`g kmrzkug :(2 w{lkzk uielgcltgzuk# e{c lzgu w{kku kc rzlhelrgc kzziz kh w{k lhe{zzkh kh u{u jcinu eizrizgplqiu9

Kc rzlhelrgc kzziz kh kc w{k lhe{zzkh cgu kmrzkugu g cg fizg `k gzzghegz {hjcin eizrizgplqi ku hi rcghpkgzuk ul zkgcmkhpk ci hkekulpgh( Ul {hg kmrzkuggjzk {h jcin eizrizgplqi ku rizw{k hkekulpg kupgjckekz {hg eihqkzugelh kh

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:( Cg aln{zg `kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz# gc w{k kh gcn{hg iegulhfgu `kalhlì eimi kuk kucgjh rkz`lì khpzk kc ciniplri |ciu {u{gzliu# kup gep{gcmkhpk pgh `k mi`g w{k m{efiurziakulihgcku uk e{kcngh kc egzpkc ulh pkhkz m{| ecgzgu u{ua{helihku( Emi zkeihiekzkmiu g {h qkz`g`kzi rziakulihgc`k kupk egmri9

Kc Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz ku kc kucgjh rkz`lì khpzk kc ciniplri | ciu {u{gzliurizw{k kh cg mg|izg `k ciu eguiu ku cg hleg zkakzkhelg w{k plkhk {hg rkz-

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hkekugzlgmkhpk nkuplihgz lhaizmgelh | ukzqleliu `k zkgu `lqkzugu `k {hgkmrzkug rgzg ugpluagekz cgu hkekul`g`ku `k lhaizmgelh `k ciu {u{gzliu(

5( W{ kzziz h{heg `kjkzg eimkpkz {h j{kh Eimm{hlp|Mghgnkz9 Kvlupk gcn{hg zkncg i rzkmlug w{k h{heg agcck9

Kh cgu zkcgelihku lhpkzrkzuihgcku cg zlw{ktg | qgzlk`g` `k ulp{gelihku g cguw{k hiu khazkhpgmiu ku pgc# w{k ku eimrclegì pkhkz zkncgu `k izi( Kh e{gc-w{lkz egui kvlupkh gcn{hgu zkncgu lmrizpghpku g pkhkz kh e{khpg4 hi mkhplzh{heg# hi rkz`kz h{heg cg rgelkhelg rgzg kqlpgz khazkhpgmlkhpiu `lzkepiu |#kh pgc egui# cckqgz cg eihqkzugelh g eghgcku rzlqgìu# w{k cg rzlmkzg zkur{ku-pg g ciu rzijckmgu `k ciu {u{gzliu ukg lhmk`lgpg# g{hw{k hi uk cku r{k`g`gz cg uic{elh `kalhlplqg kh kuk mkhugdk# hi `kdgz gc gtgz cg `la{ulh `k ciumkhugdku Kh `kalhlplqg# e{mrclz cgu kvrkepgplqgu `k ciu {u{gzliu w{k j{u-egh {hg zkcgelh eih cg mgzeg w{k uk nkuplihg(

0( Lmrgzpku ukmlhgzliu aizmgplqiu rgzg Uielgc Mk`lg Mghgnkzkh cg Ouefiic# E{c ku cg `lakzkhelg khpzk {h Eimm{hlp|Mghgnkz | {h Uielgc Mk`lg Mghgnkz9

Cg kvrkzlkhelg mk fg `kmiupzgì w{k ku lmriuljck pkhkz {hg qlulh kupzg-

pnleg g`ke{g`g ulh w{k uk qkg `kpkzlizg`g riz cg {znkhelg `kc `g g `g( Khkupk ukhplì kc Uielgc Mk`lg Mghgnkz `kjk qkcgz riz cg ezkgelh | `kugzzicci`k cg kupzgpknlg# w{k {hg cgu miplqgelihku `k ciu {u{gzliu g zkcgelihgzuk eih{hg mgzeg eih kc rcgh kupzgpnlei `k {hg eimrgg( Riz u{ rgzpk# kc Eim-m{hlp| Mghgnkz ku zkurihugjck `k cg kdke{elh `kc `lefi rcgh | `k qkcgz rizcg ugc{` `k eg`g {hi `k ciu eghgcku kh ciu w{k cg kupzgpknlg uk `kugzziccg(Eih kupg `lqlulh ukrgzgmiu g`ke{g`gmkhpk kupzgpknlg | pepleg kh ìu rkz-

alcku eih mlulihku `lakzkhpku# rkzi eih {h mlumi ijdkplqi eimh4 kupgjckekzzkcgelihku `k egcl`g` rgzg mkdizgz cg l`khpl`g` | zkr{pgelh `k {hg mgzeg#mkdizgz cg lhaizmgelh w{k cg eimrgg riukk `k u{u eclkhpku | rziurkepiu#| gri|gz cg kupzgpknlg `k riulelihgmlkhpi `k {hg eimrgg(

;( Eihpgmiu kh cg gep{gcl`g` eih fkzzgmlkhpgu | rkzurkeplqgu{alelkhpku rgzg aizmgz g kupk plri `k rziakulihgcku g hlqkcgeg`mlei i emi `kjkzgh lhupz{lzuk rgzg `kukmrkgz u{ua{helihku9

Ul f{jlkzg w{k ezkgz {h rzinzgmg `k aizmgelh lhpknzgc rgzg kupiu h{kqiu



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rziakulihgcku fgjcgzg m{efi mkhiu `k fkzzgmlkhpgu k lhuluplzg kh elkhelguw{k eimrckmkhpgh cg geplql`g` `lgzlg `k ciu rkzalcku w{k pzgjgdgh kh Uielgc

Mk`lg4 Eim{hlegelh# rgzg `kugzziccgz kupzgpknlgu `k eihpkhlì | `la{ulh#Mgzokplhn# rgzg clngz kupzgpknlg kmrzkugzlgc# kupzgpknlg eimkzelgc | mk`lelh`k zku{cpgìu# | Ghpziricing# rgzg eihiekz gc fimjzk | u{ aizmg `k zkcg-elihgzuk eih kc m{hì( Cgu fkzzgmlkhpgu uih pgh egmjlghpku | pgh ukhelccgu`k {plcltgz# w{k lhuluplz kh kccgu mu gcc `k ci lmrzkuelh`ljck# ukzg rkz`kzkc plkmri(

1( Kh kc cljzi Ecgqku rgzg khpkh`kz kc h{kqi mgzokplhn lh`legjguciu rzlhelrgcku zicku kc EM( Fi|# e{cku ukzgh ciu rzlhelrgckuzicku `k kupk rziakulihgc9

Riz ukz m{| eihelui `lzg w{k uih4 kue{efgz# fgjcgz# nkuplihgz kc akk`jgeo#nkuplihgz kvrkepgplqgu# ciegcltgz | kvrcipgz g kmjgdgìzku `khpzi | a{kzg `kcg eimrgg# aizmgz g cg eimrgg | zkrizpgz u{ geplql`g` g cg `lzkeelh `kUielgc Mk`lg(

>( Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz rkzuihgc i eizrizgplqi9

@krkh`kz `k cg kupzgpknlg# kh e{gcw{lkz egui# g{hw{k ukg eizrizgplqi# ulkm-

rzk ku lhpkzkughpk w{k uk zkeihiteg g cg rkzuihg)u w{k fg| `kpzu( Ku mickupikupgz fgjcghì eih {h ciniplri(

6( Fgelg `h`k ezkku w{k qg g kqic{elihgz cg rziakulh `kcEimm{hlp| Mghgnkz kh ciu rzvlmiu giu9

Ezki w{k cg kqic{elh lz riz ìu egmlhiu( Riz {hg rgzpk# cgu kmrzkugu uk-zh eihuelkhpku `k w{k rgzg zkrzkukhpgz g {hg eimrgg ci l`kgc ku aizmgz

rgzpk `k kccg |# riz pghpi# ciu Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz ukzh aln{zgu lhpknzg`gu

kh kc iznghlnzgmg eizrizgplqi# `k pgc miì w{k eg`g qkt uk j{uegzh mkhiuEimm{hlp| Mghgnkzu `k gnkhelg( Riz ipzi cgì# cgu eimrggu lzh ulkhìeihuelkhpku `k cgu fgjlcl`g`ku hkekugzlgu rgzg ukz {h Eimm{hlp| Mghgnkz |uk qicqkzh m{efi mu kvlnkhpku g cg fizg `k ciegcltgz kupk plri `k rkzalcku(Eimi eihuke{khelg lhmk`lgpg# kc lhpz{ulumi `lumlh{lz(

Efkmg Mgzphkt-RzlkniEihu{cpiz# rcghhkz | aizmgìz `k Mgzokplhn Lhpkzgeplqi



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EIHIELKH@I G EFKMG MGZPHKT-RZLKNI

Clekhelg`i kh Eim{hlegelh G{`liqlu{gc | kurkelgclupg kh @luki k Lhpkzgeelh#Efkmg Mgzphkt-Rzlkni ku eig{piz `kc cljzi Ecgqku `k H{kqi Mgzokplhn( Emiugegzck rgzpl`i g cg ~kj :(2# &:22


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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(1:RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU


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w{k# riz kdkmrci# cg ~kj ukg geekuljck | gc j{uegzcg kh Niinck cg kheihpzk-miu# | ipzg m{| `lakzkhpk w{k kupg pkhng elkzpi nzgì `k qluljlcl`g`(

Cg zkur{kupg g kupg rzkn{hpg ukzg m{| kvpkhug rkzi# riz `gz {hiu rzlmkziueihukdiu juleiu4

Pkhkz ecgzi kc ijdkplqi `k p{ rzkukhelg kh Lhpkzhkp# | khaiegz piìuciu kua{kztiu kh kug `lzkeelh(

@lukgz {hg kupzgpknlg w{k pk cckqk g e{mrclz eih kupiu ijdkplqiu(

Pzgjgdgz `{zi | ukz eihupghpk(

Kh e{ghpi g pkmgu r{zgmkhpk `k Mgzokplhn Ihclhk# iu rzirihni pzku zkguriz cgu w{k eimkhtgz4

Rzi`{epi)ukzqleli4 Ci rzlmkzi ku pkhkz cg mkdiz rzir{kupg `k qgciz riul-jck eih kc rzi`{epi)ukzqleli w{k iazktegmiu(

Eim{hlegelh4 Kupzgpknlg | mkhugdk jlkh `kalhlìu( Pghpi kh cg ~kj#eimi a{kzg( [hg qkt `kalhl`g# kmrktgzg eih Uielgc Mk`lg eimi rzlmkz

rgui fgelg cgu uln{lkhpku zkgu(

Riulelihgmlkhpi ~kj4 Irplmltgelh k eihpkhlìu# UKI# clho j{lc`lhn |Uielgc Mk`lg( Cg kupzgpknlg kupgzg kh kc r{hpi :# rkzi pgmjlh `kjkmiupkhkzci kh e{khpg kh kupk r{hpi riz cg lmrizpghelg w{k cgu zkeimkh`geli-hku uielgcku plkhkh kh kc riulelihgmlkhpi iznhlei(

>( Uln{ku eihukzqghì cg egrgel`g` rgzg uizrzkh`kzpk eih cguriuljlcl`g`ku `kc Mgzokplhn kh Lhpkzhkp9

Egul eg`g `g u{znkh h{kqgu riuljlcl`g`ku# h{kqiu irizp{hl`g`ku rgzg mkdi-zgz h{kupzgu kupzgpknlgu |# riz pghpi# h{kupziu zku{cpgìu(

6( E{c kuplmgu w{k ukz cg pkh`khelg w{k mgzegz kc a{p{zi `kcMgzokplhn | cg Eim{hlegelh Ihclhk9

Hi u{kci fgekz rzk`leelihku | m{efi mkhiu uijzk Mgzokplhn Ihclhk'' Ulhgzzlkungz `kmgulgì# rizw{k |g kuph gw{# ìu eiugu w{k uk lmrih`zh4Mgzokplhn `k Eihpkhlìu | Mijlck Mgzokplhn(


CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(>5RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU


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EIHIELKH@I G PZLUPH KCUKN[L

Eimi pkuplni `k ciu lhleliu `izg`iu `k Lhpkzhkp gcc riz 7


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cg nhkulu `k u{ jcin Pzlupghkciukn{l(eim ìh`k# nzgelgu g cg egcl`g` kvriulplqg`k u{u gzpe{ciu# `kunzghg | zg`linzgag e{m cg{`k cg gep{gcl`g` `k {h mk`li

w{k h{heg {kzmk( U{u khpzg`gu uih ck`gu# ghgcltg`gu# zkp~lppkg`gu | grcleg`guriz m{cplp{` `k ckepizku# mgzeghì cgu jguku `k cg rziakulh( U{ jcin fg ulìzkeihielì eimi {hi `k ciu `lkt mkdizku jcinu `k Mgzokplhn Ihclhk kh kurgic`kc :277 | kc Mkdiz Jcin `k Mgzokplhn kh ciu Rzkmliu Jciniuakzg `k Mgzokplhnkh :272(


CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(>;RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU


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RZIAKULIHGCKU @LNLPBCKU CLJZI@KMGZOKPLHN(EIM s RN(>>


Diu hnkc Eghi@lzkepiz `k Mgzokplhn `k^lukzl(eim

Kc `lzkepiz `k Mgzokplhn `k {hg `k cgu kmrzkugu `k Zke{zuiuF{mghiu mu r{hpkzgu k Kurgg# lukzl# eihek`k {hg khpzkqlupg gcg Gnkhelg ^kjriulpkz ìh`k ghgcltg cgu `kalelkhelgu `kc ukepiz# cguriuljcku gcpkzhgplqgu kmrzkugzlgcku rgzg miplqgz g ciu kmrckgìu |ciu mpiìu rgzg egtgz pgckhpiu kh mk`li `k {hg ngcirghpk pgug `k`kukmrcki(

Kh cg Gnkhelg ^kjriulpkz fkmiu w{kzlì eihiekz {h eihekrpi lhhiqgìz`k kmrzkug `k ZZFF# `k`leg`g kh kvec{ulqg g cg ukckeelh `k rziakulihgckupkehicnleiu# n{lgìu riz {hi `k u{u uieliu a{h`gìzku# Diu hnkc Eghi(

Kc `lzkepiz `k Mgzokplhn `k ^lukzl &B~lukzl, hgel fgek pzklhpg | ìu giu khTgzgnitg# g{hw{k uk pzgucg` g Mg`zl` pzgu u{ alefgdk riz Jgzecg|u Jgho( U{ulhw{lkp{`ku riz kc ukepiz `lnlpgc ck cckqgzih g eihqkzplzuk kh kc zkurihugjck `kkeimmkzek `k JM^ Nzi{r Urglh | Ack{zir-Lhpkzacizg Kurgg# khpizhiu kh ciuw{k grzkh`l cgu kupzgpknlgu k Mgzokplhn k cg kmrzkug gckmghg# g kukhqicqkzukkh gmjlkhpku gcpgmkhpk eimrkplplqiu | g g{mkhpgz cg eihqkzulh `k cgu qlulpgu(Cg cplmg rgzg`g ghpku `k gpkzzltgz kh ^lukzl ukzg kh kc r{kupi `k zkurihugjck`k Mgzokplhn Ihclhk `k cgu echlegu LQL `k akzplcl`g`( Gfizg# kh ^lukzl# zimrk cgjzkefg w{k ukrgzg gc egh`l`gpi `k u{ rzi|kepi | gc rzi|kepi `k u{ pgckhpi(

BDiukGhnkcEghi

ku(clhok`lh(eim)lh)diukghnkceghi

~~~(~lukzl(eim


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Cg juw{k`g `k kmrckiihclhk fg kqic{

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