K.RAVIRAJS.ABDUL RAHAMANPROJECT REVIEW ON PRODUCTION OF ACROLEIN1It belongs to ,-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds family

C C C O Formula:

C H2=CHCHO

Other Names

2-Propenal, Acrylaldehyde, Propenal, Acrylic aldehyde, prop-2-enal, Allyl aldehyde

ACROLEIN2It is simplest unsaturated aldehyde

Acrolein is a clear, colorless, or yellow liquid with a pungent, suffocating odor

Primary characteristic of acrolein is conjugation of carbonyl group with vinyl group

Highly toxic with lacrimatory properties

Acrolein is soluble in water, alcohol, ether and acetone.

It may be formed from the breakdown of certain pollutants in outdoor air or from the burning of organic matter including tobacco, or fuels such as gasoline or oil

INRODUCTION3 It is very flammable and may polymerize violently

It is toxic to humans following inhalation, oral or dermal exposures

Acrolein should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area intightly sealed containers separated from alkaline materials such as caustics, ammonia, organic amines, or mineral acids, strong oxidizers, and oxygen

It is a widely used intermediate in the production of building materials, herbicides andalgaecides, water treatment chemicals, and essential amino acids like methionine

CONT..4

5AIM: To

6 The first industrial process was invented by Degussa in1942, produced acrolein by aldol condensation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde HCH=O + CH3CH=O CH2=CHCHO + H2O

The second process that emerged at the end of the1950s was partial oxidation of propylene CH3CH=CH2 + [O] CH2=CHCHO + H2O

The Shell Company initiated the gas phase acrolein production by partial oxidation of propylene in1958

Followed by stand oil of Ohio(SOHIO)which indentified bismuthmolybdateas the catalyst for an economical and high yield acrolein production

HISTORY:7AIM: To

8PROPENE OXIDATION:

GLYCEROL ROUTE:

(CH2OH)2CHOH CH2=CHCHO + 2 H2OMAIN PROCESSES:

9Out of two processes propene oxidation is commercially attractive one

BECAUSE

Availability of propene is very high

Economically viable

Widely accepted in industries.

Development of catalysts with high selectivity & Yield

Low maintainance cost of process & economic feasiability of processSELECTION OF A PROCESS:10The current industry standard for production of Acrolein is via the catalytic partial oxidation of Propylene.FEED:PropeneSteamAirCATALYST:

Bismuth molybdate

OPERATING CONDITIONS:

Temperature: 350C Pressure: 1 atm

The reaction is very exothermic [ heat of propene oxidation is 340 kJ/mol]

PROCESS DESCRIPTION:11Propylene (stream 2), water vapor (stream 4) and compressed air (stream 6) are mixed and heated to a temperature of 250 C

The resulting mixture (stream 8) is sent to a fixed bed catalytic reactor (R-101) which is the reaction of propylene with oxygen

The resulting mixture is quenched with deionized water to a temperature of 50 C (stream 11) to prevent more homogeneous oxidation reactions

The stream 12 is then sent to an absorber, T-101, where it is purified of water and acrolein is recovered in the bottoms product (stream 15)

The off-gas , stream 14, is sent to an incinerator

The stream 15 is distilled in a distillation column T-102 to separate acrolein from the unreacted propylene, water and acrylic acid

The bottoms product from this column (stream 16) consists of waste water and acrylic acid are then sent to a waste treatment plant.12The distillate (stream 19) is sent to the T-103 column where the propylene is separated from the remainder of the system of acrolein and water

The tail from the product stream 19 is sent to the T-104 column, where the acrolein is separated from the water

The stream 21 is sent to a treatment station, and the overhead product (stream 20) consisting of acrolein of a purity of about 98%

Process flow diagram is show below

Cont13AIM: To

14Acrolein as a chemical product is rarely sold in large amounts on the open market

the price and market for the chemical is entirely dependent on the products it is used to create

the market is centred around countries and areas with facilities that process the chemical further

There are six main products that are produced using Acrolein. These are polyurethane, propylene, polyester resin, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile

Small scale Market price: US $1.9 - 2.1 per Kilogram[Alibaba]

The majority of manufacturers selling Acrolein are doing so from mainland China

MARKET TRENDS:15AIM: To USES:

16BIOCIDE:

Acrolein is mainly used as a contact herbicide to control submersed and floating weeds, as well as algae, in irrigation canals

Used as an agent to control growth of microbes in process feed lines

Currently, It is used to control growth of algae in oil fields

It is also used as a H2S Scavenger

17CHEMICAL PRECURSOR

Used in the production of polyacrylate(SAP)

Methionine production [animal growth, very important amino-acid]

Transparent ballistic polymer[1,3 propanediol] production

Poly-trimethylene terephthalate(PTT) production[ThePTT is widely using in carpet and textilemanufacturing]

18 THANKYOU19