Prossers 16 Theorems

8/13/2019 Prossers 16 Theorems

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PROSSER’S SIXTEEN

THEOREMS

(Prosser and Allen, 1925)

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

July, 2002



1. Work Environment

Vocational education

will be efficient in

proportion as theenvironment in which

the learner is trained is

a replica of theenvironment in which

he must subsequently

work.



2. Industry Standards

Effective vocational

training can only be given

where the training jobs arecarried on in the same

way, with the same

operations, the sametools, and the same

machines as in the

occupation itself.



3. Work Habits


will be effective in

proportion as it trainsthe individual directly

and specifically in the

thinking habits and themanipulative habits

required in the

occupation itself.



4. Individual Needs


will be effective inproportion as it enables

each individual to capitalize

on his interests, aptitudes,and intrinsic intelligence to

the highest degree.







7. Craftsperson Teacher

Vocational education will

be effective in proportion

as the instructor has hadsuccessful experiences in

the application of skills

and knowledge to the

operations and processes

he undertakes to teach.



8. Performance Standards

For every occupation

there is a minimum of

productive ability

which an individual

must possess in order

to secure or retainemployment in that

occupation.



9. Industry Needs


must recognize conditions

as they are and must train

individuals to meet the demands of

the “market” even though it may be

true that more efficient ways forconducting the occupation may be

known and better working

conditions are highly desirable.



10. Actual Jobs

The effective

establishment of

process habits in anylearner will be secured

in proportion as the

training is given on

actual jobs and not onexercises or pseudo

jobs.



11. Content from Occupation The only reliable source of

content for specific training

in an occupation is in theexperiences of masters of

that occupation.



12. Specific Job Training

For every

occupation there is

a body of contentwhich is peculiar to

that occupation and

which practically has

no functioning valuein any other

occupation.



13. Group Needs

Vocational education will render efficient

social services in proportion as it meets

the specific training needs of any group

at the time that they need it and in sucha way that they can most effectively

profit by the instruction.



14. Group Characteristics

Vocational education will be socially

efficient in proportion as in its methods

of instruction and its personal relations

with learners it takes into considerationthe particular characteristics of any

particular group which it serves.



15. Dual Administration

The administration of vocational

education will be efficient in

proportion as it is elastic and fluid

rather than rigid and standardized.



16. Program Standards

While every reasonable effort should be

made to reduce per capita cost, there is

a minimum level below which effectivevocational education cannot be given,

and if the course does not permit this

minimum of per capita cost, vocationaleducation should not be attempted.



Prosser’s Theorems

Basis on which vocational education in

US was built

Influence still felt

Even today, much of Prosser’s thinking

is still valid

Documents

Prossers 16 Theorems