PROVA DE INGLÊS Anpad 2009 jun

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INSTRUES: As questes de 21 a 28 dizem respeito ao contedo do TEXT 1. Leia atentamente antesde respond-las. Escolha a melhor resposta para cada questo e marque-a em seu Carto de Respostas;

TEXT lShort-termism and genuineness in environmental initiatives: a comparative case study of two oilcompanies

Methodology.This research is based on the comparative case study analysis of ExxonMobil and Royal Dutch Shell.Climate change is a litmus test for the oil companies' commitment to social and environmental

responsibility because the oil industry earns its livelihood from oil, natural gas and coal the main sources ofemissions of greenhouse gases and will be severely affected by regulatory measures to curb Greenhouse Gasemissions (Skjaerseth and Skodvin, 2001, p. 44.) The case studies are drawn from the oil industry because it5

helps to contain extraneous variations (Eisenhardt, 1989, p537). The oil industry is currently dealing withpressure from environmental, social and economic sectors. Environmental issues include global warming and

pressure on all the developed societies in the world to combat this threat; social issues cover the political andethical implications of exploiting third-world countries for non-renewable resources (typified by the Iraq War);and economic issues include rapidly rising energy prices and ever-increasing demand from China.10

Case studies are defined by Yin as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon

within its real life context, when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident, andin which multiple sources are used (Yin, 1989, p. 23). The case study method was used over other qualitativemethods firstly, because this study satisfies Yins definitional requirements of case study. The study is anempirical study into the current debate over the genuineness of oil companies environmental initiatives.15

Multiple sources for the study were used in the form of company and public documents, Secondly, in thisstudy, we examined the meanings rather than events, thus not intending to collect a large number of responses

with little detail, but several in depth accounts. Thirdly, compared with a single case study; the multiple casestudy approach allowed us to compare and contrast the two cases to draw conclusions about emerging themes.A multiple case study design was useful to generate more robust and compelling data. The disadvantages of20the case method, especially in business and management research are its less desirable form of empiricalresearch methodology, bias and the tendency to use incomplete evidence.

This research follows Pettigrews (1988) idea of using extreme examples when conducting case studiesto make the area under investigation transparently observable. ExxonMobil was selected because it is

vehemently opposed to any efforts requiring the incorporation of environmental or social costs into its bottom25line (Skjaerseth et al., 2004, Skjaerseth and Skodvin, 2001 and Levy and Kolk, 2002). Shell was chosenbecause it has begun to engage proactively in managing both social and environmental issues (Skjaerseth etal., 2004, Skjaerseth and Skodvin, 2001, Levy and Kolk, 2002 and Livesey and Kearins; 2002).

Due to several reasons, the case study data in this research consists primarily of secondary data. First, the

nature of the issues is very sensitive, and adverse findings could seriously damage an organisation s carefully30sculpted public persona. Though Shell might have agreed to participate in this research, ExxonMobil wouldnot have, because the findings would probably reflect badly on the company. Second, there is a need to

analyse actual behaviour rather than professed intentions regarding behaviour. This requirement aligns withthe findings of Bird and Waters (1989) that hypothetical tests of moral and ethical behaviour of management

bear little or no relation to management's actual actions in real business situations. Finally, large volumes of35secondary data are available on these two companies. These data come from sources such as the media,investment funds, the companies own press releases, and previous case studies and scholarly work. This largevolume of data allows a comprehensive picture and analysis of their actions to be obtained from bothqualitative and quantitative sources, without the need to generate or replicate previous work.

40

BEALE, F., FERNANDO, M. Short-termism and genuineness in environmental initiatives: a comparative

case study of two oil companies.European Management Journal, v. 27, n. 1, p. 26-35, fev. 2009.

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21. The authors chose ExxonMobil and Royal Dutch Shell for their study because

A) no previous studies had targeted these companies.

B) regulatory measures have affected their livelihood.C) tests have shown they are responsible for climate change.

D) the oil industry is committed to environmental issues.

E) they are companies operating under external pressures.

22. According to the authors, the multiple case study approach was selected in order to

A) adopt a more real and contemporary methodology.

B) clarify Yins (1989) definition of empirical investigation.

C) collect more evidence of the companies genuineness.

D) obtain more solid data for comparison and contrast.

E) privilege quantitative over qualitative methods.

23. In the text Iraq is mentioned as an example of a country that

A) has been typically known for its wars.

B) is exploited by developed powers for its oil.

C) is responsible for global warming in the third world.

D) is undergoing political and ethical conflicts.

E) provoked very rapid rises in energy prices.

24. Unlike Shell, ExxonMobil is presented by the authors as a company

A) being under investigation for its transparency.

B) classified as extreme according to Pettigrew (1988).

C) dea1ing with pressure from environmentalists.

D) reluctant to consider social and environmental issues.

E) representing the interests of the oil industry.

25. According to the authors, Shell.

A) agreed to participate in their empirical case study.

B) can be said to have a carefully sculpted public persona.

C) has vehemently opposed Exxon Mobils efforts.

D) is more visibly observable than ExxonMobil

E) would have been, seriously affected by their findings.

26. All of the following reasons for using secondary data are given by the authors in the text EXCEPTFOR:

A) Secondary data allowed for analyzing what the two companies actually did.

B) Secondary data did not demand the two companies consenting to be examined.

C) Secondary data saved efforts in producing data or replicating previous studies.

D) Secondary data was abundant on the two companies and considerably diversified.

E) Secondary data would not reveal adverse findings about the two companies. '

27. According to the authors, the aim of the study was



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A) to align with previous findings on management in real business situations.

B) to engage proactively in measures to stop emissions of greenhouse gases.

C) to investigate the genuineness of oil companies environmental initiatives.D) to show that economic issues are more pressing than environmental issues.

E) to test how sensitive and transparent organizations public persona can be.

28. Where in the text do the authors mention potential shortcomings of the methodology they adopt?

A) Lines 5-7.

B) Lines 13-16.

C) Lines 16-18.

D) Lines 20-22.

E) Line 29.

INSTRUES: A questo 29 consiste em uma expresso, em ingls, seguida de cinco opes deexpresses, tambm em ingls, identificadas de A at E. Escolha a opo que apresenta o melhor

sinnimo da palavra na linha indicada do TEXT 1.

29. TO CURB (line 4)

A) To identify.

B) To measure.

C) To name.

D) To prohibit.

E) To reduce.

INSTRUES: As questes 30 e31 dizem respeito a aspectos formais do TEXT 1, maisespecificamente a relaes de coeso; Escolha a opo que melhor substitui a palavra especificadanestas questes tendo em vista a linha indicada no TEXT l.

30. THIS RESEARCH (line 29)

A) Beale and Fernando, 2009.

B) Levy, and Kolk, 2002.

C) Livesey and Kearins, 2002

D) Skjaerseth and Skodvin, 2001.

E) Skjaerseth et al., 2004.

31. THIS REQUIREMENT (line 33)

A) The requirement that findings do not reflect badly on a companys persona.

B) The requirement that professed intentions bear relation with actual actions.

C) The requirement that Shell and ExxonMobil agree to participate in the research.

D) The requirement that the behavior of the companies should be the object of analysis.

E) The requirement that the study should align with Bird and Waters (1989) hypothesis:

INSTRUES: As questes de 32 a 37 dizem respeito ao contedo do TEXT 2. Leia-o atentamenteantes de responde-las. Escolha a melhor resposta para cada questo e marque-a em seu Carto deRespostas.



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TEXT 2Why the banks all fell down

In Joseph Sargents 1970 film Colossus: the Forbin project, the U.S. President loses confidence in hisjudgment about how to manage nuclear weapons and turns over control to computer named Colossus. Soonafter the change is announced, Colossus displays a message on it main console: THERE IS ANOTHER

SYSTEM. It turns out the Soviets have done the very same thing. Soon the two machines are communicatingwith each other. After a struggle resulting in the detonation of two nuclear bombs, the computers gain5

complete control over both governments.Colossus may-have something to teach us about the current financial crisis. It is certainly more

instructive than the two most common explanations. The first is that banks recklessly gambled in uncertain andunproven markets. The second is that regulators took a holiday while this party ragged on.

But the banks didnt gamble. Instead, they locked themselves, Forbin-like, into computer-based10financial models that have an obvious systemic flaw. As Avinash Persaud, an economist and chairman ofIntelligence Capital, argued in an award-winning essay almost eight years ago, the dominant models formarket-sensitive risk management, whether theyre run on computers or not, are missing a critical piece:herd behavior. When such incomplete models get wired into the investment houses of every major economy -with servers sometimes co-located to avoid the millisecond lag that bicoastal or intercontinental15communication necessarily creates - this omission leads inevitably to the kind of terror weve seen the past

few months.The models governing our financial system were developed in the 1950s. They were built, as Persaud

explains, upon the assumption that each user is the only person using. That assumption may have madesense when only the Rand Corporation (which developed the models) had the data, to act upon them.20

But as Persaud wrote in the Financial Times in March, in todays flat world, [where] marketparticipants from Argentina to New Zealand have the same data, the assumption is nothing short of nuts. As

the market shifts, the models used by all the major investment banks throw up the same portfolios to be

favored and those not to be! This is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for financial markets: by beingobserved, the observed gets changed. The global; simultaneous and practically instantaneous adjustments25lead the herd (a.k.a. our financial system) right of the cliff.

Newsweek, 27 October, 2008. p. 29.

32. According to the text, in Colossus: the Forbin project

A) governments are managed by computers

B) machines and humans communicate.

C) nuclear bombs are detonated by the Soviets.

D) presidents struggle to regain confidence.

E) systems are controlled by human beings.

33. The text uses Sargents film in order to

A) argue against market regulators

B) be instructive about uncertain situations.

C) build an alternative explanation for the crisis.

D) prove that computers can be flawed.

E) teach about banks gambling behavior

34. According to Persauds explanation,

A) bicoastal or intercontinental communication is avoided.



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B) financial systems should not be run by computers.

C) investment houses were at risk almost eight years ago.

D) major economies are responsible for the financia1 crisis.

E) market-sensitive risk management models are incomplete.

35. In Persauds view, a critical element in management models is

A) banks gambling

B) group behavior.

C) regulators partying

D) servers communication.

E) users uncertainty.

36. In the text Argentina is cited as an example of

A) a case of investment uncertainty.

B) a country affected by the crisis.

C) a location for market participants.

D) a model developed in the 1950s.

E) a third world economy at risk.

37. The Rand Corporation

A) anticipated the present herd behavior.

B) considered the market a flat world.

C) developed a sensible model for the 1950s.D) had limited data to prevent a crisis.

E) made wrong assumptions about users.

INSTRUES: A questo 38 consiste em uma palavras, em ingls, seguida de cinco opes de palavrastambm em ingls, identificadas de A at E. Escolha a opo que apresenta, o melhor sinnimo da

palavra na linha indicada do TEXT 2.

38. RECKLESSLY (line.8).

A) Compulsively.

B) Forcibly.

C) Illegally.

D) Irresponsibly.

E) Timidly

INSTRUCES: As questes 39 e 40 dizem respeito a aspectos formais do TEXT 2, maisespecificamente a relao de coeso. Escolha a opo que melhor substitui da palavras especificadanestas questes tendo em vista a linha indicada no TEXT 2.

39. THIS OMISSION (line 16)

A) Not avoiding communication lags.

B) Not being sensitive to risk.C) Not considering herd behavior.



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D)Not getting wired into banks.

E) Not running on a computer.

40. THE ASSUMPTION (line 22)

A) Believing there are single users.

B) Communicating bicoastally.

C) Developing a system in the l950s.

D) Having co-located servers.

E) Modeling the financial system.


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PROVA DE INGLÊS Anpad 2009 jun