FlorinLeontinABRAHAM
PROVOCRIEPISTEMOLOGICEALETOTALITARISMULUIOMETODOLOGIEASTUDIULUIREGIMURILORCOMUNISTE
PROVOCRIEPISTEMOLOGICEALETOTALITARISMULUIOMETODOLOGIEASTUDIULUIREGIMURILORCOMUNISTE
Autor:FlorinLeontinABRAHAMConductortiinific:Prof.dr.VasilePUCA
Lucrare realizat n cadrulproiectului Valorificarea identitilor culturale nprocesele globale, cofinanat din Fondul Social European prin ProgramulOperaionalSectorialDezvoltareaResurselorUmane20072013,contractuldefinanarenr.POSDRU/89/1.5/S/59758.Titlurile i drepturile de proprietate intelectual i industrial asuprarezultatelor obinute n cadrul stagiuluide cercetarepostdoctoral aparinAcademieiRomne.
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Reproducerea,fieiparialipeoricesuport,esteposibilnumaicuacordulprealabilalAcademieiRomne.
ISBN9789731671130 Depozitlegal:Trim.II2013
FlorinLeontinABRAHAM
Provocriepistemologicealetotalitarismului
Ometodologieastudiuluiregimurilorcomuniste
EdituraMuzeuluiNaionalalLiteraturiiRomne
ColeciaAULAMAGNA
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Cuprins
INTRODUCERE..................................................................................................... 9
PARTEANTI.TOTALITARISMUL.............................................................. 21
I.TOTALITARISMUL:CONCURENAVIZIUNILORPOLITICOEPISTEMICE ............................................................................... 23A.Istoricitateaconceptelor ...........................................................................27
i)Apariianoiunii.PerioadainterbeliciAlDoileaRzboiMondial ..............................................................27
ii)RzboiulReceitotalitarismul.Autoriiclasici ...............................34iii)ReconsiderrialeteorieitotalitarentimpulRzboiuluiRece ....45iv)Revigorareateorieitotalitaredup1989.........................................59
B.Capacitateaexplicativateorieiclasiceatotalitarismului ..................67C.Responsabilitateivinovienregimurilecomuniste......................101
II.COLAPSULCOMUNISMULUIEUROPEAN:DILEMEISTORIOGRAFICE....................................................................... 110A.Cdereacomunismului:ntreidealpoliticiproblem
destudiu ..................................................................................................112B.Deceaureuitrevoluiileanului1989?................................................120
i)Factoriendogeni .................................................................................122ii)Factoriexogeni...................................................................................125iii)Centru ................................................................................................128iv)Periferie..............................................................................................134
C.Controverselecontinu ..........................................................................137
III.STUDIULCOMUNISMULUINEUROPACENTRALIDEEST.CAZULROMNESC............................................................... 142A.Trsturidominantealeistoriografieipostcomuniste......................144
i)Dimensiuneainstituional ...............................................................145ii)Trenduritematice,preferinemetodologice..................................153
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iii)Istoriografieidecomunizare.........................................................157B.Cazulromnesc........................................................................................164
i)Arhitecturainstituionaldup1989...............................................167ii)Temelepredilectealeistoriografiei.................................................186iii)Istoriografiaromn,ntrerevoluieirestauraiedecatifea?..........................................................................................191
PARTEAADOUA.RENOVAREASTUDIULUICOMUNISMULUI........ 201
IV.ATELIERULISTORICULUICOMUNISMULUI.................................... 203A.Istorierecentistudiulcomunismului ..............................................204B.Surselecercetriicomunismului:implicaiimetodologice................207
i)Izvoareleistoriceprodusededictaturiletotalitare........................208ii)Istoriculisurselecomunismului ...................................................229
C.Metodealeistoricului .............................................................................236i)Metodaistoric ...................................................................................238ii)Metodacomparativ .........................................................................241iii)Anchetaoral ....................................................................................256iv)Metodestatistice...............................................................................263v)Studiuldecaznistoriografie..........................................................266
D.Istoriografieimemoriesocial ............................................................268
V.CERCETTORULISTORIEIRECENTE:SPECTATORULANGAJAT.................................................................................................... 275A.Istoriculispectatoriisi....................................................................275
i)Contactulistoriculuicupublicul......................................................275ii)Cecredceteniidesprecomunism? ..............................................277iii)ncutareaunorexplicaii ..............................................................283
B.Condiiameserieideistoric....................................................................286i)Condiiiprofesionale..........................................................................286ii)Condiiimateriale..............................................................................289
C.Rolulistoricului,ntretaumaturgieiobiectivism.....................290D.Elementealeuneieticiacercettoruluiistorieirecente ....................295
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i)Justiiarismul .......................................................................................298ii)Moralafaptelorimoralaistoricului ..............................................300iii)Excesuldeistorie..............................................................................300iv)Drepturileactoriloristoriei .............................................................301
E.NoidireciincercetareacomunismuluidinRomnia ......................302i)Maiareviitoristoriapolitic?...........................................................302ii)Istoriaeconomic,untabupentruistorici? ...................................305iii)Istoriasocialiateaptucenicii .................................................307iv)Istoriacultural:overitabilterraincognita ..................................309
CONCLUZII ....................................................................................................... 312
BIBLIOGRAFIE .................................................................................................. 319
ADDENDA ......................................................................................................... 357
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................357
SUMMARY...........................................................................................363
Listatabelelor
Tabel3.1InstituiidestudierearegimuluicomunistnEuropaCentralideEst ............................................................................150
Tabel3.2InstituiicreatenRomniadup1989pentrustudiulcomunismului/istorieisecoluluiXX.............................................175
Tabel3.3Ariiletematicealeistoriografieiromnedinperioada19892010..........................................................................................188
Tabel4.1Tipologieasurseloristorieiregimurilorcomuniste...................231Tabel4.2Diferenentreanchetaoraliistoriaoral .......................258Tabel5.1Rolulsocialalistoricului................................................................294Tabel5.2Noidireciidecercetareacomunismului....................................311
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ADDENDA
Abstract
Epistemologicalchallengesoftotalitarianism.Amethodologyforstudyingcommunistregimes
Theneed for this research isprovidedby theabundanceofstudies,
memoriesor critical referencesabout communism inCentralandEasternEurope. During last decades, a huge quantity of historical informationcommunismwasaccumulated,but thequalityof its interpretation isverydifferent,fromstudieswhichresistthetestoftime,methodologicallywellfounded, to real historiography ballast, including those researchesgradually becoming unusable for academic international standards andrigours.Therefore,criticalreflectionconcerningresultsofovertwodecadesofresearchingcommunistregimeshasbecomeimperative.
Researching a vast international literature dedicated tototalitarianism allows us to emphasize the historical contextualization ofthe main concepts and interpretative theories concerning communistregimes.Itisquiteeasytodistinguishadialecticsofconceptsandtheoriesregardingtotalitarianism,theinitialstageinwhichtotalitarianismhadbeenconsidered apositiveproject,within thebroader currentof interwar fascism,beingquicklycounterbalancedbycriticalapproachesofvariousdoctrinalshadesregardingthesamephenomenon.DuringtheColdWartime,totalitarianismwasoneoffundamentalideologicalconceptsusedbytheWest in order to categorize the communist regime, at the same timeindicatingthemoralandfunctionalconvergenceofStalinismandNazism.Even if theclassical totalitarian theorywassubject tosubstantialcriticismandreinterpr
