Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) - SKKUmonet.skku.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/W14.Proxy... · 2018-12-05 · Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networking Laboratory 4/23 Proxy Mobile IPv6 Overview (2/2)

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Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6)

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Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networking Laboratory 2/23

Contents

Overview

Network-Based Mobility Management

Mobile Node Attachment

Handover Procedure

MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6

Load Balancing in PMIPv6


Proxy Mobile IPv6 Overview (1/2) A promising solution direction for handovers in future wireless

networks is to give control of the handover process to the network

(on behalf of the mobile node)

In this way the network can coordinate the entire handover process,

making the most optimal decisions at the most optimal time, by using

all information available

(Host-based Mobility) (Network-based Mobility)


Proxy Mobile IPv6 Overview (2/2)

In PMIPv6, IP-level mobility is hidden from the mobile node (MN)

It is the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) that detects and signals movement of the

MN to the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA), which is the topological anchor point of

the MN’s address

MAG1

MAG2

LMAHome network

MN’s home network

(topological anchor point)

MN’s home address (MN-HoA)

MN continues to use it as long as it

roams within the same domainLMA: Local Mobility Anchor

MAG: Mobile Access Gateway

MN

Movement

Proxy Binding Update (PBU)

The control message sent by MAG to LMA

to establish a binding

between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA

Proxy Binding Acknowledge (PBA)

The control message sent by LMA to MAG

NETLMM domain

(network-based

localized mobility

management domain)

IP tunnel

IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG

Proxy care-of address (Proxy-CoA)

The address of MAG.

This will be the tunnel end point

LMA address (LMAA)

That will be the tunnel entry point


Network-Based Mobility Management (1/2)

An MN is managed by the mobility entities such as Mobile Access

Gateway (MAG) and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA)

The LMA acts as the Home Agent (HA), which manages the MN’s

binding state and home network prefix (Anchor Point)

The main task of MAG is to send a Proxy Binding Update (PBU)

message on behalf of an MN whenever the MN hands off within a

localized mobility domain (LMD) managed by the LMA

An MN can send and receive data with its Home Address (MN-HoA)

even if the MN hands off across different networks in the local mobility

domain


Network-Based Mobility Management (2/2)

Mobility Signaling in PMIPv6

MAG 1

MAG 2

LMA/HA

NETLMM domain

(NETwork-based Localized

Mobility Management domain)

LMA: Local Mobility Anchor

MAG: Mobile Access Gateway

AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

AAA Server

③ Profile② AAA query with MN-ID

④ PBU

⑦ PBA

MN’s home address (MN-HoA)

MN continues to use it as long as

it roams within the same domain

⑤ AAA query

⑥ Profile


Mobile Node Attachment (1/4)

Message Flow

① MN Attachment

② AAA query with MN-ID

③ AAA reply with profile

④ PBU with MN-ID

⑤ AAA query with MN-ID

⑥ AAA reply

⑦ PBA with MN-ID,

Home network prefix option

Router Advertisement

Tunneling

Tunneled data packets

Data packets

Data packets

Home

Network

Prefix



Steps ① and ②: When an MN first attaches to an access network connected to the

MAG, the access authentication procedure is performed using an MN’s identity (i.e.,

MN-Identifier) via the deployed access security protocols on the access network

Step ③: After successful access authentication, the MAG obtains the MN’s profile,

which contains the MN-Identifier, LMA address, supported address configuration mode,

and so on from the policy stored (e.g., authentication, authorization, and accounting -

AAA server)



Step ④: Then the MAG sends a Proxy Binding Update (PBU) message including the

MN Identifier to the MN’s LMA on behalf of the MN

Steps ⑤ and ⑥: Once the LMA receives the PBU message, it checks the policy store to

ensure that the sender is authorized to send the PBU message. If the sender is a trusted

MAG, the LMA accepts the PBU message

Step ⑦: Then the LMA sends a Proxy Binding Acknowledgment (PBA) message

including the MN’s Home Network Prefix (HNP) option, and sets up a route for the MN’s

home network prefix over the tunnel to the MAG



The MAG establishes a tunnel with the LMA for packet transmission

The MAG then sends Router Advertisement (RA) messages to the MN on the access

link to advertise the MN-HNP

When the MN receives these RA messages, the MN configures the IP address using

either a stateless or stateful (with DHCP support) address configuration modes

After successfully completing the address configuration procedure, the MN uses this

address for packet delivery


Handover Procedure (1/4)

Message Flow

MN

Detached ① DeReg PBU

② PBA

③ MN Attachment

④ AAA query with MN-ID

⑤ AAA reply with profile

⑥ PBU

⑦ PBA

Tunneling

⑧ Router Advertisement

Data Packets

Data Packets

Data Packets

Home

Network

Prefix



Step ①: When MAG1 detects the detachment of an MN, it will sends a DeReg PBU

(DeRegistration PBU) message to the LMA and remove the binding and routing state for

that MN

Step ②: The LMA sends a PBA message to MAG and waits for a certain amount of

time, before it deletes the MN’s BCE (Binding Cache Entry)

Step ③: MAG2 detects the attachment of MN



Steps ④ and ⑤ : Upon detecting the MN on its access link, the MAG2 will

perform the access authentication procedures

Steps ⑥ and ⑦: To update the LMA about the current location of the MN,

MAG2 sends a PBU message to the MN’s LMA on behalf of the MN



Step ⑧: After completion of the signaling, the MAG2 will send the Router

Advertisements (RA) containing the MN’s home network prefix, and this will

ensure the MN will not detect any change with respect to the layer-3

attachment of its interface

Upon receiving the RA message, the MN believes it is still on the home link


Buffering in Proxy Mobile IPv6

Video Content

A comparison between handover procedures of standard PMIPv6

and buffering-based PMIPv6.

VIDEO

https://husteduvn-my.sharepoint.com/personal/dung_nguyentien2_hust_edu_vn/Documents/MC2018/Lecture notes/Buffering_in_Proxy_Mobile_IPv6.mp4


MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 (1/2)

No Mobility-related Signaling

No DAD during Handover

Reduced Tunneling Overhead


MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6 (2/2)


Practice Problems

What is the Care of Address (CoA) in MIPv6?

→ In MIPv6 a Care of Address (CoA) is an address that is assigned to

mobile node when it moves to a foreign network.

What is the role of CoA?

→ CoA enables the packets to be routed to a MN when it is in the

foreign network.

What replaces CoA in PMIPv6?

→ In PMIPv6 CoA is replaced by Proxy CoA.


Load Balancing in PMIPv6 (1/2)

Load Issue in PMIPv6

The load status of LMA, the topological anchor point of MNs, is

critical since LMA processes all the packets MNs transmit and

receive

To avoid overloading of an LMA, there can be multiple local

mobility anchors in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain each serving a

different group of mobile nodes

In this environment, efficient load balancing of LMAs is an

important issue. It is because although there are multiple LMAs,

the load may concentrate to a specific LMA, which results in longer

queuing delay of LMA and increased packet loss

Using an existing Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

(AAA) server, even distribution of LMA loads is achieved


Load Balancing in PMIPv6 (2/2)

(9) LMAA Query

(10) LMAA Reply (LMAA)

(13) LMA_HO_Init

Load of pLMA

exceeds its threshold

(1) Rtr solicitation

(4) PBU

(7) PBA(8) Rtr advertisement

(2) AAA Query

(3) AAA Reply (MN Profile, LMAA)

(5) AAA Query

(6) AAA Reply

Pro

acti

ve

Mo

de

Re

ac

tive

Mo

de

(11) MN Context Transfer

(12) Transfer Ack

Tunneled Data PacketsData Packets Data Packets

Tunneled Data Packets Data PacketsData Packets

(14) LMA_HO_Init Ack

MN MAG AAA Server pLMA nLMA CN


Publications

An Efficient Load Balancing of Mobile Access Gateways in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domains

International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA), pp. 289-292, March 2010

Low Latency Handover Scheme Based on Optical Buffering at LMA in Proxy MIPv6

Networks

Springer-Verlag Lecture Motes in Computer Science, vol. 5593, pp. 479-490, July 2009

Route Optimization Using Scalable Cache Management for Intra-NEMO Communication

Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4611, pp. 739-747, July 2007

Reduction of Signaling Cost and Handoff Latency with VMAPs in HMIPv6

Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4325, pp. 341-352, November 2006

Forwarding Scheme Extension for Fast and Secure Handoff in Hierarchical MIPv6

Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3515, pp. 468-476, May 2005

Efficient Location Traffic Management with Multiple Virtual Layers

Journal of Information Science and Engineering, Vol. 19, No.5, pp. 787-808, Sept, 2003.


References (1/2)

D. Johnson, C. Perkins, and J. Arkko, “Mobility Support in IPv6,” IETF RFC 3775, June 2004.

S. Gundavelli, K. Leung, V. Devarapalli, K. Chowdfury, and B. Patil, “Proxy Mobile IPv6,”

IETF RFC 5213, August 2008.

H. Soliman, C. Castelluccia, K. El Malki, and L. Bellier, “Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility

Management (HMIPv6),” IETF RFC 4140, August 2005.

R. Droms, Ed., J. Bound, B. Volz, T. Lemon, C. Perkins, and M. Carney, “Dynamic Host

Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6),” IETF RFC 3315, July 2003.

J. Kempf Ed., “Problem Statement for Network-Based Localized Mobility Management

(NETLMM),” IETF RFC 4830, April 2007.

J. Kempf Ed., “Goals for Network-Based Localized Mobility Management (NETLMM),”

IETF RFC 4831, April 2007.

Ki-Sik Kong, Youn-Hee Han, Myung-Ki Shin, HeungRyeol Yoo, and Wonjun Lee,

“Mobility management for All-IP Mobile Networks: Mobile IPv6 vs. Proxy Mobile IPv6,”

IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2008.

Yong Li, Haibo Su, Li Su, Depeng Jin, Lieguang Zeng, “A Comprehensive Performance

Evaluation of PMIPv6 over IP-based Cellular Networks,” Vehicular Technology

Conference, Spring 2009.


References (2/2)

N. Neumann, X. Fu, J.Lei, and G. Zhang, “Inter-Domain Handover and Data Forwarding

between Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domains,” draft-neumann-netlmm-inter-domain-02, March 2009.

G. Giaretta, Ed., “Interactions between PMIPv6 and MIPv6: scenarios and related issues,”

draft-ietf-netlmm-mip-interactions-04, June 2009.

Jong-Hyouk Lee , Tai-Myoung Chung , Sangheon Pack , and Sri Gundavelli, “Shall We Apply

Paging Technologies to Proxy Mobile IPv6?,” MobiArch’08, August 2008.

G. Heijenk, M. Bargh, J. Laganier, and A. Prasad, “Reducing Handover Latency in Future IP-

based Wireless Networks: Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6,” Second ERCIM workshop on

eMobility, May 2008.

Mun-Suk Kim, and SuKyoung Lee, “A Novel Load Balancing Scheme for PMIPv6-based

Wireless Networks,” AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, May

2009.

Dizhi Zhou, Hanwen Zhang, Zhijun Xu, Yujun Zhang, "Evaluation of Fast PMIPv6 and

Transient Binding PMIPv6 in vertical handover environment," International Conference on

Communications, May 2010.

Soochang Park, Euisin Lee, Fucai Yu, Sungkee Noh, and Sang-Ha Kim, "Inter-domain

Roaming Mechanism Transparent to IPv6-Node among PMIPv6 Networks," Vehicular

Technology Conference, May 2010.