Public and Civil Society in Emergency Response and Recovery

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

SESSION 4 PUBLIC AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RECOVERY

Peter Medway Project Manager, CDMP II, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] September 25, 2014


The 70s: Response Oriented, formation of early warning and preparedness

1970 Deadliest cyclone Gorky, over 300,000 people died

1972 CPP established, wireless network created

The 80s and 90s: Emergence of the DM Approach 1987/88 Severe flood, FAP formulated

1991 Deadliest cyclone, over 138,800 people died, shifting from reactive response to disaster risk reduction.

1993- Constitution of the DMB

1997- Drafting of the SOD

1998 - Prolonged Flood

The 2000s:Consolidation towards a comprehensive system 2000 CDMP I formulated and launched in 2004

2005 - MoFDM re-established, GoBs new DM vision

2006 Revised MoFDM AoB

2007 Cyclone Sidr, estimated deaths 10,000, damages $1.7 billion. Prolong consequences over safe water, sanitation, health, agriculture. Salinity intrusion.

2009 Cyclone Aila, estimated damages $552.6 million. Prolong consequences.

2010 CDMP II Initiated. Codified formal DM System: revised SOD, NPDM

2012 DM Act enacted, MoDMR Established, DDM Established.

PARADIGM SHIFT

CYCLONE GORKY

RELIEF

CYCLONE AILA

CPP INAUGURATION


DM VISION, ER MODEL

The Disaster Management Vision of the Government of Bangladesh is to reduce the risk of people, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, from the effects of natural, environmental and human induced hazards, to a manageable and acceptable humanitarian level, and to have in place an efficient emergency response system capable of handling large scale disasters.

Emergency Response (ER)

Warning/Evacuation/Search/Rescue (Response) Emergency Relief (Response) (Actual activation of the response system)

Emergency Rehabilitation (Recovery) Long Term Holistic Rehabilitation (Recovery) (Considering Risk Reduction Process)


DRIVERS: EMEREGENCY RESPONSE 1. DM Act 2012: In order to carry out the response activities in an effective and efficient manner

following a large scale disaster, DM Act calls to form a National Disaster Response Coordination Group (NDRCG), to be Chaired by Minister, MoDMR and Members are from 9 Ministries, AFD, Law Enforcing Agencies.

DM Act also calls for establishment of National Body of Volunteers for Disaster and Local Disaster Response Coordination Group at City, District, Upazilla and Municipality level.

2. National Plan for DM 2010-2015: Provisioned for Earthquake Incident Command Systems (ICS) and National Disaster Response and Recovery Fund that will consolidate the existing relief funds.

3. Standing Orders on Disasters (SOD): Highlighted the response and recovery system as response to Warning period (alert and activation), Disaster onset (response) and Post disaster period (relief, early recovery and rehabilitation).

Designate BMD, SPARRSO, BWDB/FFWC, as warning agencies, along with content and format of warning info. The SOD have been revised with the avowed objective of making the concerned persons understand and perform their duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management at all levels.

4. Hygo Framework for Action: HFA highlights the importance of involving the civil society, private sector, NGOs, community organizations and voluntary groups in DRR process, along with scientific community.


EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINATION FRAMEWORK

International

National

Local

Political Mandate (services for all)

States responsibilities to care for victims of disasters, for prevention

and for preparedness

Simp

licity of co

ord

inatio

n stru

cture

NDMC NDRCG

Ministerial Coordination MoDMR

LCG DER & HCTT

Sectoral Coordination Inter -Sector Coordination

Intra-Sector Coordination

UN, NGOs, Donors

Coordinated Response

Support Global Clusters

International Humanitarian Framework

Information and support between the

global and country level


EARLY WARNING: BUSINESS ALLOCATION Hazard Types Mandated Warning Agencies

Cyclone BMD

Storm Surge, Tsunami BMD

Norwester, Tornado, Hailstorm BMD

River Flood, Flash Flood FFWC (BWDB); BMD, SPARRSO

Erosion BWDB

Drought, Heatwave BMD, DAE, BWDB

Cold wave, Fog BMD

Earthquake, Landslide BMD

Waterborne Hazards ICDDRB, DOE

PMO, NDRCG/C Decision Making

NDRCC, DDM/DMIC/DMIN, Transmission

Fire Services, AFD, Coastguard, CPP, BDRCS, the Media, Telecoms Provides (IVR, SMS)

Dissemination

CPP Volunteers, Urban Volunteers, BETAR, BTV, Media Last Mile

Responders (FSCD, CPP, BDRCS, Police, Ansar, AFD) Relief/Aid Community


EARLY RECOVERY NEED ASSESSMENT

Approximate Loss and Damage and Emergency Requirement

Local Government Officers (DDRO/PIO) in consultation with DMCs

SOS Form (Immediate after disaster) with 24 hours

Detail Assessment of Damage and Loss

Local Government Officers (DDRO/PIO) in consultation with DMCs

D-Form (After disaster) within 21 days

The Humanitarian Coordination Task Team (HCTT) comes under the LCG DER as a platform for strengthening the collective capacity of humanitarian actors in Bangladesh. HCTT conducts the JNA in post disaster situation.

Joint Need Assessment (Recover assessment)


ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (As per SOD)

Normal Times a) NGOs will take steps for disaster preparedness at

all levels and prepare plans. b) Appoint team of volunteers and workers in disaster

prone areas and arrange for their training. c) Take up educational and awareness raising

programmes for the people to combat disaster. d) Arrange and participate in seminars, workshops

and meetings for earning special efficiency and skill in disaster management.

e) Keep contact with concerned Ministry/Department/office/ Agency interested in disaster/relief work, United Nation Organizations and non-government organizations.

f) Ensure road communication for stocking and receipt of relief materials and maintenance of water transports.

g) If possible, participate in the construction work of fortified earthen mound and flood shelter, cyclone shelter and linking them with various socio-economic and social development programmes.

h) Take any other steps in connection with preparedness programme of the people to meet any emergency situation.

Alert Stage a) In case of cyclone, issue warning notice to all

concerned. b) Ensure dissemination of warning signals to the

concerned community. c) In case of cyclone, keep contact with CPP and the

Control Room of Storm Warning Centre (SWC) of BMD.

d) Designate one Liaison Officer for maintaining link with the EOC at the DMRD and the Control Room of DMB.

e) Issue instructions to Survey Assessment Team to be on standby and take any other steps, if necessary.


ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (as per SOD)

Warning Stage a) Assist in damages, losses and needs assessment in affected

areas and dispatch of relief/medical teams and arrival of concerned relief and medical units to the affected areas soon after the passage of disaster.

b) Assist the local authority to determine loss and damage and requirement and supply information to these organizations and own Headquarters.

c) Give emergency assistance to the disaster affected people, especially in the following cases.

i. Help in rescue and evacuation work. ii. Assist the local administration in organising shelter

places. iii. Give first aid to injured persons. iv. Arrange complementary food according to the need

of distressed people. v. Arrange preventive and limited curative treatment. vi. Arrange for the necessary household materials and

clothing to be dispatched to the seriously affected people.

d) Inform appropriate authority about loss and damage and requirement of affected people.

e) Arrange for use of material, received from areas not attacked by disaster and from Headquarters in areas affected by disaster.

f) Send request for requirement of relief and rehabilitation assistance to the donor agencies after informing NGO Affairs Bureau.

g) Inform concerned DMCs and DMB about the response activities in order to have better coordination and avoid duplication.

Rehabilitation Stage a) Participate in reconstruction and rehabilitation

programmes in special circumstances. b) Take steps for correct and effective evaluation of

preparedness work and for correcting errors/weakness in such work.

c) Provide assistance to the local authority in any possible way for relieving the distress of people.

d) Extend Cooperation to the DMCs in preparation of list of disaster affected people and the requirement and probability of rehabilitation.

e) Ensure implementation of government guidelines (i.e BNBC, shelter etc.) for infrastructure construction in the affected and disaster prone areas.


ROLE OF NGOs / CIVIL SOCIETY EXPERIENCE

NGOs involvement in DRR activities in Bangladesh has been proven effective for a number of reasons:

NGOs are operational at grassroots level with communities and local organizations as partners, and

NGOs follow participatory approach to development planning. This allows them to respond better to local peoples priorities and build on local capacities. NGOS often work with the poorest and the most vulnerable groups .

NGOs are relatively free from bureaucratic systems and delays, and better able to respond and adapt quickly and conveniently

NGOs appear to be more actively involved policy and advocacy, knowledge dissemination and awareness, community-based risk and vulnerability assessment, community-based preparedness

Worked as strong advocate for paradigm shift of DM in last decade in Bangladesh


TRADITION OF RESILIENCE

Vulnerable people demonstrates strong coping capacities.

Government and NGOs are adept to disasters.

Perfecting the art of disaster governance: sophisticated regulatory framework, institutional mandate, financing and programmatic arrangements.

Long and strong tradition of voluntarism. Individuals and Community Based Organizations act as first responders in emergency.

DHL supported to develop Airport Contigency Plans.

Rana Plaza, an eight-storied commercial building collapsed on 24 April, 2013 at around 9:30 am. The building housed five garment factories employing around 5,000 people, 300+ shops, and a bank. An official statement of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association cited 3,122 workers to be in the building at the time of the collapse.

During the rescue operation Enam Medical College Hospital helped saving many lives by providing immidiate medical care to the injured.


VOLUNTARISM = 1.7% GDP

Deep rooted tradition Socio-cultural and religious virtues.

Historically rooted from major disasters, impacts of the independence war, and the persistent poverty.

Growing from relief, to micro credits/initiatives, to professionalization and policy influence.

Contributing 2 Bn hours, BDT 117 Bn ; or 1.7% GDP BBS Surveyed 44,000 HHs, 6 divisions, 16,500 pax in 2009- 10

76%(M), 24 (F)

74%(Rural) 26%(Urban)

Rate: 27%(M) 8.4(F) total 17.5%

Types: 88.8%(informal), 10% (formal), 1.5%(both)

Of the informal: 72% (non-gov NPI) 10%(gov NPI) 4.3 (NGO)


CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (CPP) A TRUE VOLUNTEERISM PROGRAMME


CPP - BRIEF

Vision

Reduce the risk & loss of life and assets from the cyclonic storms.

Objectives

Build up volunteers teams to strengthen preparedness and prompt response network; to strengthen warning signals and prompt and effective community response to the cyclone signals.

History

After the 1970 super cyclone the UNGA requested the Red Cross to lead in pre-disaster planning including the Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), The GoB approved and undertook the recurring financial responsibility and setup a joint programme management mechanism.

Structure

Head Office in Dhaka, 7 zonal offices, each has Upazila offices, each has Union offices, each has some Units, each has 15 volunteers for 5 posts (Warning Signal, Shelter, Rescue, First Aid and Relief), each unit covers 2 km area.

Activities

Public awareness and education during normal times; early warning in the impending, and response during the onset of cyclones


STATE OF PLAY

CDMP supports Rapidly establishing 6 Upazilas in 2 Districts that are newly affected by cyclones.

Trained 6,500 volunteers.

Established offices and provided equipment and gears.

To be broadened to five other Upazilas.

Overall CPP Achievements Dramatically decreasing the absolute number of deaths from half

million in 70s; to 130,000 in the 90s; to 3,000 in 2007, and 113 in 2009.

CPP volunteers are well accepted and honored in the community.

Some 50,000 volunteers providing their service.

Volunteers extending welfare and relief activities.

Peoples positive attitude to the cyclone shelter.

Promote the roles of female Volunteers.


THE URBAN VOLUNTEER ANOTHER PROGRAM OF VOLUNTEERISM


REPLICATING CPP TO THE CITIES

In one hand Fast & unplanned urbanization at 4.5 to 6 % annually.

Deadly combination: seismic hazards & bad buildings.

Dangerous cities: overcrowded, clogged, hazardous.

Gaps in public services & protection.

In the other hand The good example of CPP.

Professionalizing first responders by FSCD.

GoB wants 62,000 volunteers over the years


THE URBAN VOLUNTEER

Key objectives To provide the necessary knowledge and build skills towards pro-active role in saving lives and reduce damages from disasters.

Purpose Expanding the first response capabilities, establish network of supports; enhanced public protection credibility.

Strategies Sound governance attached to FSCD, well trained, well equipped, engaged.

Progress CDMP is committed to provide 30,000 by 2014, so far achieved 26,465.


THE URBAN VOLUNTEER

Engagement All types of disastrous incident i.e. fire, landslide, road accident, collapsed structure.

Role Awareness raising.

Pre-incident activities.

Pre-hospital treatment.

Facilitate the access of FSCD vehicle to incident place.

Identify available resources and sources water source.

Support FSCD staffs during emergency.

volunteers activated all types of incident like fire, landslide, road accident, collapsed

structures etc. They play role on awareness program. They are now able to minimize the

pre incident activities & provide pre-hospital treatment of the casualties. Volunteers

provided remarkable support to secure FSCD vehicle in incident place. Volunteers can

indentify water sources in their areas for fire fighting purpose. Ensure the location of the

incident place. Actively participated with FSCD professional during emergency.

Volunteers took part in various kind of national & international days , workshops, rallies

and seminars


COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER LANDSLIDE TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY


COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER LANDSLIDE HAZARD MANAGEMENT TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY

CDMP II supported DatEx-ADPC Joint Venture to develop Community Based Volunteers in Teknaf and Coxs Bazaar Municipality area to Introduce Community-based Early Warning System as per Landslide Hazard Management initiative.


COMMUNITY BASED VOLUNTEER LANDSLIDE HAZARD MANAGEMENT TEKNAF AND COXS BAZAR MUNICIPALITY

A total of 59 volunteers and facilitators have been developed, 43 from Coxs Bazar and 16 from Teknaf Municipality. They are given necessary trainings, tools, and now they are fully operational in the area.


CDMPS SUPPORT DECISION MAKING

PMO: Equipment, telecoms MoDMR: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC DDM: Telecoms, Equipment, training, NDRCC, DMIC PRINCIPAL AGENCIES

BMD: Instrumentation, training, mini studio FFWC/BWDB: Extension of warning lead time, instrumentation, training, GSB: Microzonation, active fault mapping, instrumentation, training SPARSSO (with UNSPIDER): interagency GIS training, SOPs, Protocol to access Remote Sensing data

and Space Technology

SECOND LAYERS

DAE: Control room & Network to all target Upz offices, instrumentation, training DoE: Climate change Cell, knowledge network, training FSCD: instrumentations, training of responders PIB for the Media, Community Radios DGHS: Emergency Health Crisis Management Center GRASSROOTS

CPP: expansion to 6 new upazilla (6,500 new volunteers), completion of another 5 Urban Volunteers: 26,465 from 30,000 out of national target of 62,000 Pilot landslide volunteer (59 in Coxs Bazar)


RANA PLAZA: THE LESSONS

CDMP investment payoff: Deployment and coordination of trained

rescuers from FSCD and allied professionals

Trained urban volunteers (around 600) Use of equipment Appropriate search-and-rescue methodologies

Policy and awareness imperatives:

Implementation of Building Code Retrofitting capacity improvement Fire and building safety awareness


Thank you

For more information contact: Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Department of Disaster Management Bhaban (6th Floor) 92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd

Documents

Public and Civil Society in Emergency Response and Recovery