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US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU, May 11, 2002 5HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
PWO Crystal ECAL Status
Ren-yuan ZhuCalifornia Institute of Technology
May 11th 2002
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 25HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Higgs Hunt at Low Mass
/�
/(3�REVHUYHG�DQH[FHVV�RI�HYHQWVDURXQG�����*H9
+�→γγVLJQDOLQ�&06�(&$/�#�GHVLJQ�UHVROXWLRQ
LEP
Ho�JJH o�ZZ o�4 leptons*
H o�ZZ o�4 leptons
H oWW or ZZjj
LHC
Natural width (GeV)
Higgs Mass (GeV)0 50 100 200 400 800
0.001 0.004 1.4 30 250
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 35HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
• 36 supermodules in barrel, 4 Dees in endcaps.1,700 crystals/supermodule, 4,000 crystals/Dee
• 61,200 crystal/barrel, 16,000 crystal/end caps
• 2 APD’s/crystal in barrel, 1 VPT/crystal in endcaps
• High resolution electronics of 95 db dynamics, light to light readout.
• 1 monitoring fiber/crystal for in situ monitoring.
The Calorimeter
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 45HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Status: Electronics is Critical
• Crystals:• All 61,200 barrel crystals contracted to BTCP, Russia, where 2
crystals grown in one ingot. 8,700 received• 1,000/month in 2002 and 1,800/month in 2003• Endcap contract pending because of financial uncertainty
• Photo detector:• Hamamatsu APD finalized. 25,000 received• Ultra fine mesh vacuum phototriode (VPT) for endcaps: G > 8
& QE ~ 20% at 4T, radiation hard
• Electronics:• Estimated cost escalated from 31 to 54 MCHF: redesign• FPPA2000 has high noise (4 X) and wrong pulse shape
FPPA2001 prototype expected in February, 2003
• Calibration & Monitoring:• On schedule: 1st laser at CERN
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 55HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL V20.1/CMS V33 Schedule
SM0
sm36
00 01 02 03 04 05 06
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 65HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL PlanningGoal: Apr 07 - ECAL complete and commissionedAdvance the detailed test (also system test) of 1st SM to mid-2003 (final analog electronics + emulated FPGA digital part)EB electronics mounted in 2004/2005 – calibrate at least 9 SMs in 2004EE and SE mounted in 2005/2006, calibrate 1 Dee in 2006
Electronics Schedule
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 75HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
PWO Crystals Growth32 to 65 cm diameter
at BTCP with Czochralski
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 85HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
PWO Crystal Quality Control
Automatic control of:
• Dimensions
• Transmission
• Light yield and uniformity
,1)1�(1($5RPH
&(51�ODE��
2 Regional Centers
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 95HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Overall ECAL Assembly
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6XEPRGXOH
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6XSHUFU\VWDO
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US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 105HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Barrel Construction
Crystal & Capsule Alveola structure: Submodule
Module Assembly Module AssemblyModule Assembly
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 115HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Monitoring Assembly
L
Monitoring
Low Level Fiber
Distribution
6WDELOLW\�����
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 125HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Supermodule: M4 of SM 1
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 135HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
The Baseline Readout in May ‘01Readout Elem entsReadout Elem ents
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
O/E
CTRL
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
O/E
CTRL
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
FPPA ADCOPTO
Ser
A D C
Energyo
Light
Light o
Current
Current o
Voltage
Voltageo
Bits
Bitso
Light
A D CA D CA D C
Energyo
Light
Light o
Current
Current o
Voltage
Voltageo
Bits
Bitso
Light
Energyo
Light
Light o
Current
Current o
Voltage
Voltageo
Bits
Bitso
LightW B S 4 .1 W B S 4 .6 .1 W B S 4 .6 .2 W B S 4 .6 .3
F i ber O pt i cs
W B S 4 .6 .4 CT R L
W B S 4 .6 .5 V F E A s s y .
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 145HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL Electronics: Old Design
66
66
6
Fiber Link
Flexible architecture: All data processing upstairs
Justification: No rad hard electronics in an inaccessiblelocation.
~90,000 0.8 GHz fiber links
All Data go Upstairs
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 155HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Problems in the Old Design
• Fiber-Optic link:• 90,000 links (76,000 signal + 15,500
control) at $150 each.
• Upper level readout:• 800 Rose-100 boards in counting room
for trigger primitive generation and readout.
• Low voltage power supply:• 1,400 LV supplies -- 200 kW dissipated in
the control room.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 165HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL Electronics: New Design
�data
trigger sums
Add FENIX Board
Cost: 20 MCHF less than old design
Function: equivalent to the original design in 1998.
Reduces number of receiver boards to ~ 60.
Less flexible and increased risk if channel failure.
0RYH�7ULJJHU�3URFHVVLQJ�LQWR�GHWHFWRU
Number of fiber links ~ 12,000
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 175HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL Electronics: New Architecture
FENIX A
FENIX B
14
14
FENIXAPD FPPA ADC GOL
PhotodetectorPreamp +
Multi-range sample and hold
ADC
Trigger primitive generator
Data store
Serializer
Serializer
Laser diode
Laser diode
Fiber link
TTC - rx
Clock & control Diode
Fiber Link
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 185HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL Electronics: New LayoutDetails of the system integration are still being worked out.
Power budget is less and the amount of material between the ECAL and HCAL is reduced. Still need
to work out full design details.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 195HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Status of the Design Change
• The old system cost at least 20 MCHF more than the 112 MCHF cap on ECAL.
• The new lower-cost design was encouraged by ECAL IB and CMS MB in March 2002.
• The new design is still being defined by CMS ‘international’. It will be baselined in June, 2002, after a f̀easibility’ study.
• US role is the same wherever possible.• Some changes to the the US contributions to
the project are still under discussion.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 205HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Concerns: Global and Local
• Global:• Cost of the new design still exceeds
available funds. • The number of people working on ECAL is
less than required.• US:
• Peter Denes (electronics coordinator) left Princeton to lead the electronics group at LBL.
• Princeton has not acted to replace him: lack of base support form the DOE.
• There have been repeated failures in our ASIC designs.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 215HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
US Responsibilities (Old)
• APD: Northeastern & Minnesota with PSI • 30% procurement & 50% calibration
• Barrel Electronics: LBL (Princeton) with Lyon, CERN, ETHZ• FPPA, Bit-Serializer, Optical interconnect, ADC
& Control chip.
• Monitoring Light Source: Caltech• Laser light source and high level distribution for
the monitoring and calibration of the calorimeter.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 225HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
US Responsibilities (New)•APD: Northeastern and Minnesota with PSI
• 30% procurement & 50% calibration
•Monitor Light Source: Caltech• Laser light source and high level distribution for the monitoring and calibration of the calorimeter.
•Electronics*: • FPPA: LBL with Lyon
• ADC: Minnesota with ETHZ
• Fiber Links: Minnesota with CERN
• TTC – rx (Timing & Trigger Control Receiver): Fermilab
• Low Voltage (Plan to use the same 400V – 400 Hz system for HCAL and FMU): Fermilab (?) with ETHZ
* This distribution of effort is still under discussion
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 235HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Status of Avalanche Photodiode
� �
• Similar to PIN diode with × 50 avalanche gain• Require failure rate < 1:1000 over detector lifetime.
• Extensive QC for all APD’s:
• Irradiated with 60Co to 500 kRad.
• Burn in for a month at 850C
• Measure noise, dark current, gain and breakdown.
• Some APD’s measured in detail.
• QE, excess noise factor, detailed gain.
• Some irradiated with 2×1013 n/cm2
25,000 APD’s delivered, 6,000 sent to construction, processing at 350/day
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 245HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
APD Quality Control
Reject APD’s with large ID/M
Vb after Co minus Vb before
-450
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
0 100 200 300 400
APD #
dVb
Reject APD’s with large change in VB
APD’s which change during irradiation or bake-out are rejected.
ID/M
'9%
All APD’s must pass the Gamma-ray irradiation tests.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 255HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Neutron Testing of APD’s
Minnesota neutron test facility with a large 252Cf source
For APD’s, FPPA’s and ADC’s
Additional a large 137Cs is available for gamma irradiations
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 265HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Status of Monitoring Light Source
• Completed monitoring test bench, determined monitoring wavelength at 440 nm.
• Laser light source construction is on schedule and cost. 1st laser system was installed & commissioned at CERN in August, 2002.
• A laser at long wavelength (red) is under consideration to be added to the system. Recent ECAL TCG on April 16 decided to choose the Quantronix red laser.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 275HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ADC & OPTO
APD
FPPA
DATA LINK
F1 F2
CTRL
DATA LINK
OPTO
SERIALIZER
ADC ( x 12)
PN FE
Laser
CMS ECAL Monitoring System
S
Initial calibration on test beam (as much crystals as possible)
In situ calibration with physics ( W → e+n, Z → e+e- ): using E/p allows an inter-calibration of 0.5% in 35 days at low luminosity.
Monitoring evolution of crystal response by light injection system
Laser and Switch:Caltech responsibility
Low level distributionSaclay responsibilityPWO
440 nm500 nm700 nm
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 285HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Design of Monitoring Light Source
• Two laser systems each tunable at 440& 500 nm and with own diagnostics on wavelength, jitterand intensity.
• An optical switch directs monitoring laser pulses to 80 super-modules.
• A computer control records the historyand performance of lasers and switch.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 295HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Monitoring Wavelength Determination
d(T) versus d(LY) Sensitivity and Linearity
440 nm is chosen for the best linearity
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 305HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Laser System at Caltech
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 315HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
YLF AND Ti:Sapphire Lasers
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 325HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Laser System Control
Control: Two Lasers and Monitoring Run Mode
Laser Settings Laser Waveform Display
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 335HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Chilled Water Installed on 8/21/2001
Outside Laser Room Inside Laser Room
Note: blackened filter caused by dirtychilled water.Solution:add a heatexchanger.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 345HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Laser Reached 1.1 mJ/pulse on 8/24
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 355HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
FPPA
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US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 365HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
FPPA History
• ‘96 Separate PA+FPU circuits; discrete gainsnon-rad-hard AMS 0.8µ BiCMOS (X3)
• ‘97 Improved versions in rad-hard DMILL 0.8µBiCMOS, “Light-to-Light” readout at H4
• ‘98 Integrate PA+FPU: problems with DMILL→ UHF1x
• ‘99 FPPA ‘98 (UHF1x) at H4• ‘00/01 FPPA2000: 1st full-wafer run, 1st chip
with complete final functionality, but withproblems
• Revision needed → FPPA2001
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 375HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
FPPA2000 problemsFPPA2000 did not meet specifications
1) through 3) explained by on-chip parasitic resistance not in the Intersil simulation, which was proved with EB surgery and improved simulation. All appears to be understood.
4) Requires a redesign of the output driver. This was Lyon responsibility, now in hands of LBL.
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 385HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Pulse shape distortion
x1
x5
x9
x33
Preamp
VCCR+
VEER-
∆I
∆V=R+∆I
Parasitic resistance in power traces
10.0E-9 60.0E-9 110.0E-9 160.0E-9 210.0E-9
Time [s]
Nor
mal
ized
Am
plitu
de
23.8 pC18.9 pC11.9 pC5.3 pC1.7 pC0.5 pC
000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9 250.0E-9 300.0E-9
Time [s]
Nor
mal
ized
Am
plitu
de
0.1 pC0.2 pC0.5 pC1 pC2 pC5 pC10 pC15 pC20 pC25 pC30 pC
Measured
Simulated with parasitic resistance
x1
x5
x9
x33
Preamp
VCC
VEE
∆I
Fixed by star connection
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 395HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
-A
Cc
R1
Cd Baseline control
Q1
Q2
Q1’Vref
(from ADC)
R
C
R
C
R
C
R
C
X1
X5
X9
X33
-
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
R
To FPU
APD
Cf
Rf
Parasitic resistancecreate noise
Vdd
Current noise of the first stage converted into a voltage in series with vdd due to the supply bus parasitic resistance. This voltage noise is injected in the class A/B stage (-A).
Inoise
Vnoise
(External cap)
Their combination increases the output preamp noise
17 ke Noise
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 405HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
FPPA Plan• Second FPPA review late May• If all OK then
• Submission late June for full wafer run• Wafers back early October (13 weeks) • Test small quantity at LBL in ceramic package• Package 2000 in plastic package and test at Lyon
Help from US group needed for this.
• If all OK then (Feb, 03) • Proceed to production.
ECAL V20.1/CMS V33 schedule allows for one more iteration: 31,000, 31,000 & 16,000 are needed by
Apr/04, Oct/04 & Apr/05 for EB+, EB- & EE, respectively
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 415HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
FPPA Testing
• Current plan:• Setup automated package tester at LBL• Package all components• Test at LBL• Expected yield is 50% need 80,000 tested parts• Cost ~$500k
• Other options:• Do the testing at Fermilab• Do it in Europe at Lyon or SDM• Industry in the US
Decision will be made in summer based on cost and feasibility
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 425HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
ECAL Major Milestones• M0 (400 channels) in beam: July, 02.
Monitoring laser and APD ready• SM0 test beam: April 1 – Jun 29, 03 • ADC production starts: Sep, 02• FPPA production starts: Oct, 03• FENIX FPGA prototypes ready: Jan, 03• FENIX ASIC ready: Aug, 03• SM1 test beam: Apr 22 – 28, 04 • SM2 and SM3 production starts: Jan, 04 • 4 SM/month after…• EB/EE ready in UX : Jul, 05/Sep, 06• CMS closed ready: Apr, 07
US CMS Collaboration Meeting at FSU , May 11, 2002 435HQ�\XDQ�=KX��&DOWHFK
Summary
• PWO crystal ECAL promises precision photon and electron physics at LHC.
• The overall ECAL V20.1/CMS V33 schedule is extremely tight, and does not allow calibration of all supermodules before installation.
• US takes significant responsibility in ECAL construction. Monitoring light source and APD are on schedule.
• The electronics is going though a major redesign so that it can be built within available resources. The new design will be baselined in June, 02. There are changes of US responsibilities.
• Urgent issue: Electronics, especially FPPA.