qarTuli ena da literatura 9eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/1972/1/QARTULI ME-9 MASWAVLEBLIS...qarTuli ena da literatura maswavleblis wigni 9 gamomcemloba `meridiani~ Tbilisi 2012 grifi mieniWa

nana RonRaZe, naTela maRlakeliZe

qarTuli ena daliteratura

maswavleblis wigni

9gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi 2012

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis

ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier

qarTuli ena da literatura

IX klasi

maswavleblis wigni

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

© n. RonRaZe, n. maRlakeliZe

nana RonRaZe, naTela maRlakeliZeavtori

darejan kvanWianiredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

ISBN 978-9941-10-538-8

N. Ghonghadze, N. Maglakelidze`Georgian Language and Literature~, the Book of the Teacher 9, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11

E-mail: [email protected]

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meToduri miTiTebani maswavleblebisaTvis:

saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan:

a) moswavlis wigni, b) maswavleblis wigni.

a) `moswavlis wigni _ qarTuli ena da literatura, IX klasi~ Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs, daicvas is moTxovnebi, rac gaTvaliswi-nebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masa-lis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebulo literatura:

1. ana kalandaZe, `modioda nino mTebiT~;2. leonti mroveli `cxoreba¡ da moqalaqeoba¡ Rirsisa da mociqulTa sworisa neta-

ris ninosi: mirianis nadiroba da mzis dabneleba~;3. ioane minCxi, `himni~ (`Jamni Cuenni, viTarca-rai sizmarni~...);4. ana kalandaZe, `fexi damadgiT~;5. vaJa-fSavela, `kai yma~;6. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ (anderZi avTandilisa);7. ilia WavWavaZe, `dae, Tund movkvde~;8. besiki, `tano tatano~; 9. paolo iaSvili, `darianuli~;10. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `sayure~; 11. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `werili maiko orbelianisadmi~;12. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `suli oboli~; 13. valerian gafrindaSvili, `sentimentaluri trioleti~;14. rezo WeiSvili, `musika qarSi~ / `lurji frinveli~/;15. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `mogzauroba evropaSi~ /SemoklebiT /;16. muxran maWavariani, `saba~;17. daviT guramiSvili, `daviTiani~ /miTiTebuli saxiT /;18. ilia WavWavaZe, `sarCobelazed~;19. mixeil javaxiSvili, èSmakis qva~;20. giorgi leoniZe, `marita~;21. mzeWabuk orbeliani, `sityva Tqmuli darbazSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Taoba-

ze~;22. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `bedi qarTlisa~;23. ilia WavWavaZe, `ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?~ /miTiTebuli saxiT /;24. niko lorTqifaniZe, `saSobao miniaturebi~;25. niko lorTqifaniZe, `literaturuli saRamo~; sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:

1. S. niSnianiZe, `zedazeni~;2. daviT aRmaSenebeli, ànderZi~ /SemoklebiT /;3. daviT aRmaSenebeli, `galobani sinanulisani~ /SemoklebiT /;4. arsen iyalToeli, `daviT aRmaSeneblis epitafia~;5. ak. wereTeli, `Tornike erisTavi~; 6. r. inaniSvili, `frTxebian yvavebi dambaCis xmaze~;7. g. Coxeli, `TeTrCoxiani da SavCoxianebi~;8. `xvaramzes leqsi~ (xalxuri);

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9. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ / `wigni nestan-darejanisa sayvarelTan miwe-rili~/;

10. Stefan cvaigi, ùcnobi qalis werili~;11. ana kalandaZe, `broweulebi~;12. terenti graneli, `gulidan sisxlis wveTebi~;13. terenti graneli, `gazafxulis saRamoa mSvidi~;14. riCard baxi, `Tolia saxelad jonaTan livingstoni~;15. goderZi Coxeli, `marTa~;16. muxran maWavariani, `saSvels rom aRar maZlevs~; teqstebi dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT. es budeebia:

`moqcevY qrTlisaY~òdesme didi yofila saqarTvelo~`karg ymad vina vTqvaT~`sicocxleo Cemo~`suli sazRvars gadascdeba freniT~`sadaursa sad waiyvan~`brbos fsiqologia~`qarTvelTa gasagonad~

sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswine-biT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, kiTxvis strategiebis dauflebas, meore mxriv ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSi-rebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (faqtobriv masalaze orientire-buli), gaviazroT (analizze orientirebuli), SevafasoT (Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).

vecadeT, literaturul masalasTan mWidro kavSirSi warmogvedgina enobrivi masa-lac. aq yuradReba gamaxvilebulia rogorc teqstis enobriv-stilistur Taviseburebebze (ix. rubrika ise _ praqtikuli stilistikis, leqsikologiis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis sakiTxebze (ix. rubrika ̀ enis samyaroSi~). enobriv masalaze muSaobisas viyenebT praqtikul savarjiSoebs, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas sagakveTilo procesSi da amave dros, aiolebs Teoriuli definiciebis miwodebas iq, sadac es aucilebelia. veca-deT, rom Teoriuli masalis miwodeba maqsimalurad SegvezRuda da wina planze wamogvewia calkeuli gramatikuli kategoriebis funqciuri aspeqtebi. am TvalsazrisiT aris ganxi-luli wignSi winadadebis tipebi agebulebis mixedviT, gankerZoebuli sityvebi da ga-moTqmebi. maTi gacnobisas wina planze dgeba praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da ara saTanado wesebisa da gansazRvrebebis meqanikuri dazepireba (rac arcTu usafuZvlod miiCneva Cvens skolebSi gramatikuli masalis swavlebis ZiriTad naklad). am mizniT amave rubrikaSi warmodgenili gaxlavT orTografiuli, punqtuaciuri, leqsikologiur-sti-listuri savarjiSoebi, romelTa nawili maswavleblis miTiTebiT sruldeba klasSi, nawi-li ki Sin Sesasruleblad aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

sakiTxav teqstebs axlavs saweri davalebebi. vecadeT, rom es davalebebi sakmaod mravalferovani da moswavleTaTvis saintereso yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, aq warmodgeni-li saweri davalebebi xels Seuwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli we-ris strategiebis dauflebas. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vamaxvilebT funqciuri weris elementebze. Tu maswavlebeli arasakmarisad CaTvlis am savarjiSoebs, ra Tqma unda, mas SeuZlia maTi Secvla da gamravalferovneba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.

b) `maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. masSi mocemulia mxolod ramdenime sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi CavrTeT is uaxle-si meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso

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aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. TiToeuli scenaris bolos miTiTebuli `mosalodneli Se-degebi~, rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli (am kodiT aRniSnuli Sedegi maswavlebels SeuZlia ixilos IX klasis `sagnobriv standartSi~). ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili `sce-narebi~ mxolod saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavi-si Sexedulebisamebr meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi... aqve CavurTeT is sainformacio masalac, romelic SesaZloa, maswavlebels dasWirdes ama Tu im teqstis damuSavebisas. SevniSnavT, rom es `damatebiTi informaciebi~ mxolod maswavleblisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. pedagogis gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT gamoiyenebs mas gakveTilze.

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gakveTilis Tema: saswavlo wlis dasawyisi, ana kalandaZe `modioda nino mTebiT~ (2 sT).

miznebi:• gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba;• mxatvruli teqstis gaazreba; • poeturi teqstis aRqma da mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba;• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba;• moswavleTa mier informaciis gaziareba;• konteqstis Sesabamisad moswavleTa sametyvelo qcevis warmarTva; • kiTxvis strategiebis miznobrivad gamoyeneba;• jgufTan (partniorTan) muSaoba;• leqsis raoba (Tanabarmarcvliani da araTanabarmarcvliani saleqso sazomi;

leqsis ritmi da riTma);• ganvlili enobrivi masalis gameoreba literaturul teqstTan kavSirSi.

I-II gakveTili (1)

aqtivoba 1. klasis mobilizeba: gakveTili ramdenadme aratradiciulad iwyeba _ es aris saswavlo wlis dasawyisi da bunebrivia, sagakveTilo drois mniSvnelovani nawili klasis mobilizebas daeTmoba.

aqtivoba 2. zafxulis STabeWdilebebi: dasrulda kidev erTi sazafxulo ardadegebi. ecadeT da Tqvens partniorTan erTad aageT teqsti, pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg kiTxvebs (da-valeba sruldeba wyvilebSi):

_ riT iyo es zafxuli TqvenTvis gamorCeuli?_ ra ganwyobiT brundebiT skolaSi? _ ra siaxleebi dagxvdaT? _ rogor afasebT am siaxleebs?.. (SegiZliaT kiTxvebi Tavadac daamatoT, teqsts sa-

Tauric Tavad SeurCieT).moswavleebs am davalebis Sesrulebamde urigdebaT e. w. `samaxsovro~ (es `samaxsov-

ro~ SeiZleba klasSic gaikras TvalsaCino adgilas).--------1. radgan es pirveli gakveTilebia axal saswavlo wels, amitom saWirod ar vcaniT

aqtivobebis gamoyofa zusti sagakveTilo drois miTiTebiT.moifiqreT saTauriwinaswar SeadgineT gegmagaakeTeT Savi CanaweriwaikiTxeT da CaasworeTwaukiTxeT Tqvens amxanagebsmoismineT maTi Sefaseba...

aqtivoba 3. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba: maswavlebeli dafaze wers leqsis saTaurs `modioda nino mTebiT~. klass uCvenebs saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblis, mociqulTa sworis, wminda ninos xats, faravnis tbisa da javaxeTis mTebis suraTs.

maswavleblisaTvis: ix. vrclad cnobebi wminda ninos Rvawlis Sesaxebdaismis kiTxvebi:_ ra aris leqsis Tema?

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_ vin igulisxmeba ùcxo mgzavrSi~?_ ra misiiT modis igi saqarTveloSi? leqsis romel striqonebSi Cans es?_ ram gaakvirva igi?_ saqarTvelos romeli kuTxea aRwerili? ra iciT am kuTxis Sesaxeb?_ gadmocemis mixedviT, saidan Semovida nino Cvens qveyanaSi?_ ratom uwodebs avtori ninos ùcxo mgzavrs~?_ `wuTiT igrZno mSoblis sevda,magram rwmena avalebda raodens?~ _ ninos ra sulier gancdas usvams xazs am sityvebiT poeti?_ rogor fiqrobT, ra simboluri datvirTva aqvs sityva `mwyemss~ leqsSi?_ Tqveni azriT, risi Tqma surs poets mTisa da baris, vardisa da Tovlis kontra-

stiT?_ ra istoriuli movlena daedo am leqsis Seqmnas safuZvlad?_ daakvirdiT, romeli sityviT gamoxatavs avtori Tavis damokidebulebas am istoriuli movlenis mimarT?_ ra datvirTva aqvs leqsSi peizaJs: a) avtoris mier bunebriv klimatze gamaxvilebis;

b) peizaJiT tkbobis gancdis; g) istoriul movlenasTan kavSiris; d) ninos rTul misiaze miniSnebis.

(daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi leqsisa da istoriuli gadmocemis SejerebiT)._ romeli mxatvruli xerxebiT aRwevs poeti emociuri ganwyobilebis Seqmnas? moZeb-

neT leqsSi Sesabamisi striqonebi. daakvirdiT, romeli sityvebi meordeba qvemoT moxmo-bil striqonebSi da SeecadeT ganmartoT, ras emsaxureba maTi gameoreba: `mohkioda, qari Rrublebs mohkioda

da faravnis tbasa zeda Zrwoda qari... modioda, nino mTebiT modioda da mohqonda sanatreli vazis jvari~._ gaixseneT, ras ewodeba arqaizmebi? Tqveni azriT, ratom iyenebs arqaizmebs poeti?leqsis wakiTxvamde yuradReba gamaxvildeba faravnis tbis mokle daxasiaTebaze (sad

mdebareobs, romeli mdinareebiT sazrdoobs, riT aris mdidari, romel istoriul movle-nas ukavSirdeba igi)?

aq maswavlebeli mokle eqskurss akeTebs wminda ninos Rvawlze. rogor aris ga-cocxlebuli ana kalandaZis leqsSi wminda ninos xateba, misi damsaxureba qarTveli eris winaSe.

aqtivoba 4. teqstis kiTxva da mis gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba:maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT, Tu saSualeba aqvs, moasmeninebs

guram saRaraZiseul variantsac, Semdeg moswavleebs akiTxebs mas ramdenjerme, sagange-bo yuradReba eqceva gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas. yuradReba maxvildeba: a) intonaciaze, b) fsiqologiur maxvilebze (maxvili keTdeba sityvebze: ̀ lurj mwvervalebs qari rZisfer ni-slSi hxvevda~, modioda, nino mTebiT modioda~, ̀ nu geSinin! miugebda ieso...~ ...), logikur-sa da gramatikul pauzebze (romlebic aq zogjer erTmaneTs ar emTxveva)... arqaizmebze, rogorc mxatvrul xerxze poetis Canafiqris gadmocemis saSualebaze.

_ gaixseneT, ras ewodeba riTma. moZebneT leqsSi riTmis nimuSebi (hyvaodnen _ bRaodnen, mohkioda _ modioda...).

_ leqsSi poeti iyenebs gameorebebs. moZebneT da waikiTxeT es adgilebi (`mohkioda, qari Rrublebs mohkioda~, `modioda, nino mTebiT modioda...~).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom mimarTavs poeti am xerxs? (faqtebsa da movlenebze gansa-kuTrebuli STabeWdilebis moxdenis mizniT, saTqmelis ufro naTelsayofad).

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aqtivoba 5. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba: Tandebulis raobis gaxseneba._ ras ewodeba Tandebuli? ras gviCvenebs? ramdengvaria da romel brunvebSi da-

erTvis saxels?_ romeli Tandebuliani arsebiTi saxelebi gvxdeba leqsSi ? romel brunvebSi dgas es

arsebiTi saxelebi? romelia maTgan arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli?

aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: leqsi zepirad. yuradReba miaqcion gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas. weriTi davaleba maswavlebelma SearCios Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.

Sedegebi:IX-2, IX-3, IX-6, IX-7, IX-9, IX-10, IX-11.

maswavleblisaTvis: gTavazobT damatebiT informacias `ninos cxovrebis~ Sesaxeb.

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leonti mroveli, `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~

`cxorebaY da moqalaqeobai Rirsisa da mociqulTa sworisa netaris ninosi~:

mirianis nadiroba da mzis dabneleba / SemoklebiT /

IV saukunis qarTuli sinamdvile

`ninos cxovreba~ epoqis matianea. masSi warmoCenilia IV saukunis I naxevris qarTuli sinamdvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli istoriuli realiebi.

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebuli Zvrebi da gar-daqmnebi TxzulebaSi am istoriuli aqtis monawileTa da TviTmxilvelTa TvaliTaa da-naxul-Sefasebuli. ninos cxovrebis realistur xasiaTs swored es garemoeba gansazRvravs.

`ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, IV saukunis I naxevrisaTvis saqarTvelo aris `sawarmar-To¡ queyana¡~, romelic moklebulia sulier naTels. igi mdebareobs `napralsa Crdiloi-sasa, romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa codvisasa da velni _ almursa cTomisasa~. esaa sarwmunoebrivi naTlisagan ganZarcvuli mxare, sadac `dRe _ Ramed da naTeli bnelad aris qceuli~. aq cxovrobs èri ucxoi, ucxo RmerTTa msaxuri, romeli cecxlsa da qvaTa da ZelTa Tayuanisscemdes~.

qarTvelTa salocavi kerpia mzis miwieri gansaxovneba _ armazi, `RmerTi, didTa na-yofTa momcemeli... mzis momfeneli da wvimisa momcemeli, queyaniT nayofTa ganmzrdeli~. es aris `kaci erTi spilenZisa¡, da emosa tansa missa jaWvi oqroisa¡, da Tavsa missa aqunda qva¡ bivriti da iakinTo¡, xolo xelsa aqunda xrmali, romeli, viTarca elva¡, sazarelad iqceoda xelsa missa~.

armazs marjvniv udgas `kaci oqroisai, da `saxeli misi gac~, marcxniv ki _ `kaci vecxlisa¡, da saxeli misi gai~.

nawarmoebis mixedviT, armazis kerpTan dakavSirebuli dResaswauli didi zeimiT aRi-niSneba: ̀ waremarTnes simravleni erTani qalaqad sameufo mcxeTad Tayuanis-cemad RmrTi-sa maTisa armazisa~. ferad-feradi samosiT morTuli modResaswauleni sayviris ZaxiliT gamoxataven sazeimo ganwyobas. isini yvavilebiT amkoben Sukebsa da quCabandebs da mowiwe-biT uTmoben gzas nana dedofals, romelic maTTan erTad iziarebs spilenZis, oqrosa da vercxlis salocavebTan miaxlebis sixaruls. zeimSi mirian mefec monawileobs. igi èbni-Ta da qnariTa da xmiTa nestvisaiTa da mravliTa saxiobiTa~ uerTdeba sadResaswaulo ritualis monawileebs.

mozeimeni xmamaRla ganadideben mefes, romelic, maTi warmodgeniT, mzis ganmasaxie-reblad, mis Zed iTvleba. miwieri RmerTis gandidebiT isini armazs scemen Tayvans.

nawarmoebSi dramatuli ferebiTaa aRwerili armazis kerpebis msxvrevis STambeWdavi suraTi. meyseulad gamoCnda dasavaliT Rrubeli bneli, da qari Zlieri, da iqmnes quxilni sastikni da xmani sazarelni, da mexis texani SesaZrwunebelni... kerpTa maT zeda moiweoda setyuai Txrobad gansakvirvebeli, romeli, viTarca rkinisa¡ anu Tu rvalisa¡ ekueTebo-da, vidremdis sruliad damusrna da daawulilna, viTarca mtueri~. uflis nebiT, nacar-mtvrad iqcnen ̀ kerpni saZagelni, romelni SvilTa maTTa, viTarca Tivas, Tibdes, romelTa qvanica maTni dautvan sisxlTa CCvilTaisa (`moqceva¡ qarTlisa¡~).

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ warmarTuli kerpebis msxvreva gaazrebulia, rogorc simbolo Zveli samyaros ganadgurebisa, rasac axali, sulieri naTlis damkvidreba unda mohyves.

mravlismTqmelia, rom kerpebis msxvreva 6 (19) agvistos, feriscvaleba dRes moxda. am dRidan daedo dasabami sruliad saqarTvelos gaqristianebas, mis feriscvalebas, mis sulier gardasaxvas. es dRe iqca momaswaveblad imisa, rom codvis nisliT dabnelebul `Crdilois queyanaSi~ WeSmariti RmerTi exilaT, misi dideba SeecnoT da eRiarebinaT.

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`ninos cxovrebaSi~ TvalnaTliv aris warmoCenili, rogor TandaTan, nelinel ikafavs gzas qristes rwmena qarTlis mkvidrTa cnobierebaSi. axali sarwmunoebis sulisCamdg-melad maT evlinebaT `qadagi WeSmaritebisa¡ nino, dedufali Cueni, viTarca bnelsa Sina mTiebi rai aRmohxdis da cis kari aRiRis da misa Semdgomad aRmovaln didi igi mflobeli dRisa¡~.

`ninos RmerTis~ mcnebebs Tavdapirvelad nana dedofali eziara. `borotTa seniTa Sepyrobili~, igi wm. ninos locviT gamojansaRda da ̀ yovliTurT gankurnebuli waravlina saxid Tvisad~.

`sityvisa RvTisa msaxurTa Tanamosagrem~ dedofals `mouTxrna Cuenda mosrulisa RmrTisa da macxovrisa qristeis gankaceba¡, da juar-cuma¡, da aRdgoma¡, da zecad amaR-leba¡. da daumtkicebda, viTarmed WeSmaritad igi ars RmerTi, Semoqmedi caTa da queya-nisa¡, da zRuaTa da yovelTa, rai ars maT Sina~.

`gankvirvebulma da tkbiTa swavlaTa mier netarisa ninoisTa ganaTlebulma~ de-dofalma mefes auwya `Zali RmrTisa¡ mis, romelsa qadagebs ucxoi igi~, rac xelmwifes `daukvirda friad~.

nana dedofalTan erTad wm. ninos sefeqalebic daemowafnen. `da iqmoda wmida¡ nino uricxuTa kurnebaTa da qadagebda RmerTsa WeSmaritsa~. misi qadagebis Zala irwmuna de-doflis biZam, `mravalTa welTa vnebulma~ da mis mier gankurnebulma.

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ mkafiodaa aRbeWdili is undobloba da eWvi, romliTac mirian mefis arsebaa moculi. Zveli rwmenis erTguleba aRmoacenebs masSi mtrul damokidebule-bas axali sarwmunoebis mimarT, rasac gamoxatavs wm. ninosa da nana dedoflisadmi mimar-Tuli muqariT: `Se-mo-rai viqce, Suri viZio maTgan SeuracxebisaTvis RmerTTa CemTaisa~.

am danaqadnebis pasuxad aRiqmeba TxoTis mTaze `gangebiTa zegardmoiTa~ movlenili saswauli, romelmac mefe mirianis feriscvaleba gansazRvra.

nawarmoebSi STambeWdavad aris asaxuli sanadirod myofi mefis moqcevis scena. zafxulis kaSkaSa mzis dabnelebis mxilveli, armazisa da zadenis amao moxmobiT imedga-cruebuli mefe `ninos RmerTs~ SesTxovs: `RmerTo ninoiso, ganminaTle sibnele ese da gamomibrwyinve me naTeli, ra¡Ta aRviaro saxeli Seni wmida¡ da gadidebde Sen~.

èse ra¡ Tqua, yovlad saxierman man da mowyaleman RmerTman gamoabrwyinva naTeli mis Soris da mswrafl sibnelisa misgan ganTavisuflda mirian~, _ vkiTxulobT nawarmoebSi.

eris sulieri cxovrebis umTavresi momentis _ mzis RmerTobis uaryofisa da wminda sulieri naTlis aRiarebis mauwyebelia aRmosavleTisaken xelapyrobili mefis mxurvale RaRadisi: `WeSmaritad Sen xar RmerTi WeSmariti, Sen xar RmerTi RmerTTa¡ da Tayuanis-vscem patiosansa juarsa Sensa!~

xelmwifis saboloo feriscvalebis damadasturebelia misi sityvebi, mimarTuli wm. ninosadmi: `mociqulo WeSmaritisa RmrTisao, romelsa Sen hqadageb, mas vesav!~

mirian mefis sulieri metamorfoza sruliad qarTlis moqcevis gadamwyveti faqtori xdeba. aSkarad gamoxatavs samwysos ganwyobas `yoveli eri~, romelic sixaruliT egebeba mefes da, uflis saswauliT `gankvirvebuli~, sasoebiT ganadidebs Semoqmeds.

WeSmariti sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebis surviliTaa STagonebuli mefis ganzraxva, aagos qristianuli eklesia, `taZari RmrTisa, saxli Sesakrebeli erisa, gvami qristesi da sZali misi wyliTa miT naTlisRebisa¡Ta ganwmendili, da patiosniTa sisxliTa misiTa pku-rebuli, viTarca sZali aRbeWdili da Semkuli sacxebliTa miT sulisa wmidisa¡Ta~ (`didi kurTxevani~). es iqneba `ca queyanasa zeda, romelsa Sina damkvidrebul ars caTa Sina myo-fi RmerTi~ (iqve).

mirian mefe wminda ninos mier miTiTebuli nimuSis mixedviT agebs RvTis saxls, `ro-mel ars eklesia¡ RmrTisa cxovelisa¡, sueti da simtkice WeSmaritisa¡~.

adgili, romelsac mirian mefe RvTis saxlis asagebad samefo baRSi (`samoTxeSi~) wm. ninos miTiTebiT irCevs, aris siwmindis sadguri, romelmac RvTisSvilT samoTxisken mima-vali gza unda gaunaTos.

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gardasul dReTa mZafri sunTqva SeigrZnoba `ninos cxovrebis~ im epizodSi, romel-Sic saswaulTmoqmedi kviparosis (sxva variantiT _ naZvis) mokveTisa da misgan `Semzade-buli~ svetis aRmarTvis Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili. mkiTxveli TiTqos TvalnaTliv xedavs, rogor amaod cdiloben SiSiT zardacemuli mefe da `yoveli eri~ svetis aRmarTvasa da Tavis saZirkvelze dafuZnebas. èneba aRmarTeba¡ da yovlad ver uZles SeZvrad~, amitom `gankvirvebulni da gulklebulni~ wavidnen `saxid Tvisad~, _ vkiTxulobT nawarmoebSi.

eWvmiutanel faqtad aRiqvams mkiTxveli `naTliTa Semosili~ Wabukis mier sve-ticxovlis aRmarTvisa da `xarisxsa Tvissa~ damyarebis saswaulebriv moments: àha, vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed Camovidoda da moeaxla xarisxsa mas Tvissa. da viTar daemarTa da dadga xarisxsa mas queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aTormet wyrTa, da neliad Camoicva-lebda Tvissave mas zeda nakueTsa, rameTu xarisxad iyo Ziri igi misi, romlisagan mokue-Til iyo sueti igi cxoveli~, _ gviambobs abiaTar mRvdlis asuli sidonia (`moqceva¡ qarT-lisa¡~). es iyo sakvirvelTmoqmedi sveti, romelic `gamoscemda brwyinvalebasa da friad sulnelebasa~. igi saswaulebs axdenda da amiT kidev ufro ganamtkicebda rwmenas imisas, rom RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveyanaSi WeSmariti rjulis ganvrcoba uflis neba gaxldaT.

qristianul sarwmunoebaze moqceva `ninos cxovrebaSi~ gaazrebulia, rogorc eris sulieri arCevani, romelmac misi maradiuli arseboba unda gansazRvros. TxzulebaSi aSkarad igrZnoba mirian mefis swrafva, mtkiced daukavSirdes qristianul samyaros, da amiT qveynis erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi arsebobis saZirkvlad WeSmariti sarwmunoe-ba aRiaros. Sors aris gamiznuli misi gadawyvetileba, mociqulebi miavlinos axlad na-TelRebul saberZneTSi da moZRvarTa da maswavlebelTa gamogzavna sTxovos konstantine imperators, raTa erovnuli RvTismsaxureba imTaviTve msoflio eklesiis gamocdilebasa da tradiciebze daafuZnos.

`ninos cxovrebis~ qveteqstSi garkveviT amoikiTxeba is azri, rom qarTlis mkvidrTa qristes rjulze moqceva bizantiis interesebsac Seesabameba. ar SeiZleba SemTxveviTi iyos, rom `ninos saqme¡ gamoiZia helene dedofalman. werilSi man dedoflobiT da moci-qulobiT da maxareblad~ moixsenia wm. nino. `ninos helne surviliT uwoda dedoflad da Tvissa sworad da sworad wmidaTa mociqulTa~, _ gviambobs Txzulebis avtori (`moqceva¡ qarTlisa¡~).

bizantiis eklesiis Tanadgoma xdeba winapiroba ara marto samefo saxlis, aramed sruliad saqarTvelos mkvidrTa naTlisRebisa: àmisa Semdgomad naTel-iRes mefeman da dedofalman SviliTurT maTiT da yovelTa mTavarTa da uricxuman simravleman erisaman~.

WeSmariti aRmsareblobiT SekavSirebul msofliosTan mWidro kavSirurTierTobisa-ken swrafvis motivi `ninos cxovrebas gamWol nakadad gasdevs. TvalSi sacemia urTier-Toba ara marto bizantiis, aramed ierusalimis eklesiasTanac. am kavSiris maniSnebelia Tundac sveticxovlis taZris orgvari saxelwodeba: `sioni~ da `mociqulTa~. ase iwodeba wm. qalaqis is eklesia, romelic konstantine didma sionis borcvze aago. gadmocemis Ta-naxmad, aq idga is saxli, romelSic mociqulebze suliwmida gadmovida.

ierusalimur samyarosTan kavSiri nawarmoebSi gaazrebulia, rogorc uSualo gagr-Zeleba im ZvelTuZvelesi kontaqtisa, romelic qarTlsa da palestinas Soris odiTganve arsebobda. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, qarTvel ebraelebs mcxeTaSi sakuTari saekle-sio ierarqia gaaCndaT. `saqarTvelos ebraelTa umTavresi sasuliero gamgeoba mcxeTaSi ijda~ (z. WiWinaZe).

`ninos cxovrebidan~ aSkarad Cans, rom teritoriuli siSore xels ar uSlida mcxe-Telebs, uwyveti kavSirurTierToba hqonodaT ierusalimTan. golgoTis misteriis kvi-raZalze, roca dedamiwis yovel kuTxeSi gafantul ebraelebs (maT Soris mcxeTelebsac) palestinaSi mouxmes, mcxeTelma uriebma ierusalimSi gagzavnes moxucebuli eliozi _ `kaci brZeni da mecnieri~, romelic daeswro jvarcmas da wilxvdomili kvarTi qristesi saqarTveloSi Camoitana. swored am kvarTis samarxze aRimarTa sveticxoveli, romelmac sulierad SeamWidrova da SeakavSira vazis jvriT kurTxeuli, wminda aizmiT naTelRebu-

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li RvTismSoblis wilxvedri saqarTvelo.`ninos cxovreba~ Crdilois qveynis WeSmarit sarwmunoebaze moqcevis apologiaa. na-

warmoebis yovel striqonSi ismis qebaTa qeba qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblisa, romlis qa-dagebis ZaliTac `qarTlosianebma misces kerpni maTni cecxlsa dasawuvelad da moiqces cTomaTa maTTagan, da moiRes naTeli da Tayuanis-cema¡ wmidisa juarisa¡.

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili epoqa aris xana saqarTveloSi sulieri naTlis damkvi-drebisa, romelmac mTeli misi momavali gansazRvra.

III. bibliuri saxe-simboloebi (jvari vazisa, mayvlovani, kerpebis msxvreva, mTa, mzis dabneleba, kvarTi qristesi, samoTxe, ekali, Tvali patiosani) `ninos cxovrebaSi~

jvari vazisa

kabadokiel asuls, romelic qarTvel xalxs mociqulTa swor ganmanaTleblad mo-evlina, xels vazis jvari umSvenebda. RvTismSoblis mier Seqmnili es siwminde RvTaebrivi ZaliT aris mosili.

vazis jvari amxnevebs da asalkldevebs qalwuls xifaTiT aRsavse gzaze. misi wyalo-biT gadalaxa `Wirni didni... da SiSni mxecTagan~, misma saswaulTmoqmedma Zalam gadaarCi-na somxeTSi iseT saSinel gansacdels, rogoric mis Tanamgzavrebs _ rifsimesa da gaianes _ xvdaT wilad.

idumali kavSiri zegardmo ZalasTan xelSesaxebad aris gamovlenili im CvenebaSi, romelsac wm. nino udidesi sulieri SeWirvebis Jams naxulobs. roca rifsime da gaiane ìwamnes~, èkalTa Sina vardisaTa~ STenilma asulma ixila `kuamli surnelovani... da eri igi zecisa¡, romeli SeierTebdes sulTa maT wmidaTasa~. zeciuri xmac esma, romelmac aRmosavleTisaken mouwoda, raTa mis `garemois~ momZlavrebuli ekali qmniliyo `sulnel da vard mewamul mis mier~.

cnobilia, rom aRTqmul qveyanaSi mimaval moses gzas saswaulTmoqmedi kverTxi uka-favda. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wm. ninos mogzaurobaSi vazis jvarma iseTive roli Seasrula, rogoric kverTxma _ moses xifaTiT aRsavse TavgadasavalSi.

isic cnobilia, rom kverTxis saxiT moses win TviT macxovari miuZRoda.vazis jvris saxiT wm. ninosac ufali hyavs Semwed da winamZRolad.yovladwminda RvTismSobelma, romelic `Zilsa Sina~ gamoecxada wm. ninos, aRuTqva

mas, rom vazisagan gamokveTili jvris ZaliT igi yovelgvari dabrkolebis gadalaxvas SeZlebda. `wmidaman mariam xeli mihyo zeda kerZo cxedarisa misisasa myofsa mas rtosa vazisasa, da mohkueTa misgan, da Seqmna juari da misca xelTa qalwulsa mas, da hrqua: èse iyos mcveli Seni, da amiT sZlo yovelTa winaaRmdgomTa SenTa, da waremarTos qadageba¡ Seni, da me viyo Sen Tana, da ara dagiteo Sen~.

is faqti, rom RvTismSobelma rto `zeda kerZo cxedarisa misisasa~ myofi vazisagan mokveTa, aSkarad metyvelebs imaze, rom vazis jvari zeciuri vazis nasxlavisganaa Seqmni-li. aq `zeda~ sulier ierarqias gamoxatavs da simbolurad Tavad ieso qristes Seesatyvi-seba, radgan RvTismSobelze maRla aravin SeiZleba igulisxmebodes, garda qristesi.

am azrs ganamtkicebs axali aRTqma, romlis Tanaxmadac vazi, venaxi qristes simbo-loa. `me var venaxi WeSmariti da mama¡ Cemi moqmedi ars... me var venaxi da Tquen _ rtoni, romeli daadgres Cem Tana da me _ mis Tana, aman moiRos nayofi mravali~, _ ambobs macxo-vari (ioane, 15, 1; 5).

am sityvebSi is azria gatarebuli, rom morwmune (rto) Tavisi yoveli qmedebiT qri-stes moZRvrebas (venaxs) unda daeyrdnos, rameTu `Tvinier qristesi ara-rai Zal-gic yo-fad arca erTi~ (iqve).

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bibliuri simbolikis TvalTaxedviT, qriste is WeSmariti venaxia, romelmac ka-cobriobis gamosaxsnelad sakuTari sicocxle, sakuTari sisxli (`tevani~) gawira.

ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom qristianuli sarwmunoebis udidesi saidumlo _ wminda zia-reba _ mtevnis naJuriT xdeba. vazi erTaderTi mcenarea, romlis nayofisganac saswaul-Tmoqmedi sasmeli miiReba. qristes sisxlad gardaqmna mxolod Rvinos SeuZlia. amitomac Rebuloben marTlmorwmuneni ziarebisas Rvinos, niSnad macxovris daTxeul sisxlTan ziarebisa.

amdenad, vazis jvari RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa. igi Seqmnilia Tavad RvTismSoblis mier da amave dros, uSualod macxovrisgan momdinareobs. am jvris saxiT wm. ninos ufali hyavs mfarvelad da Tanamdgomad. am jvriT naTlavs igi qarTvelebs, e. i. am jvriT Seaqvs xalxSi naTeli.

jvari vazisa wm. ninom Tavisive TmebiT Sekra. ZvelTuZvelesi warmodgeniT, Tma mzis sxivis gansaxovnebaa, mze ki qristianuli simbolikiT, RvTaebas ganasaxierebs. vazis Tme-biT Sekvra mzisa da vazis erTianobas moaswavebs. vazi, venaxi mziT aris aRvsili iseve, rogorc Ze RvTisa _ RvTaebriobiT. rogorc venaxi xarobs mzis brwyinvalebiT, aseve brwyinavs macxovari RvTaebrivi naTliT _ amgvarad SeiZleba gaviazroT vazis jvris sim-bolika `ninos cxovrebaSi~.

ninos jvari dResac inaxeba TbilisSi, sionis sakaTedro taZarSi, rogorc uZvelesi da uwmindesi relikvia _ simbolo RvTivkurTxeuli qarTveli eris maradiuli ukvdavebisa.

mayvlovani

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ yuradRebas ipyrobs qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis mayvlovanSi da-binavebisa da ̀ mun locvis~ sakiTxi. ratom damkvidrda wm. nino mayvlovanSi, ra simboluri datvirTva aqvs am velur, eklian buCqs nawarmoebSi?

mayvlovani, romelSic wm. ninom eqvsi weli gaatara, aris sulieri TavSesafari, rome-lic misi locviT RvTaebrivi madliT ivseba. mayvlovans Sefarebuli, dRemudam locvad muxlmoyrili, igi malulad mkurnalobda avadmyofebs, sulier da fizikur tkivils umsubuqebda maT. `hkurnebda sneulTa... da qadagebda RmerTsa WeSmaritsa~. dedofali nana, romelic `borotTa seniTa Sepyrobil iyo~, man Tavisi locvis ZaliT gaajansaRa `da yovliTurT gankurnebuli waravlina saxid Tvisad~. aqve gankurna wminda ninom nana dedo-flis `dedisa Zma¡, mravalTa welTa vnebuli~.

mayvlovani, wm. ninos TavSesafari da samlocvelo adgili, ninos mier damowafebul dedaTa, pirvel mcxeTel qristianTa Sesakrebel adgilad aris qceuli. mzis anazdeuli dabnelebiT SeZrwunebuli, mere ki RvTis saswauliT gonebaganaTebuli mirian mefe Txo-Tis mTidan pirdapir mayvlovans miaSurebs. mis mier qristes sajaro Tayvaniscema mayvlo-vanSi xdeba. `modrka mefei... da etyoda ninos: `mociqulo WeSmaritisa RmrTisao, romelsa Sen hqadageb, mas vesav!~ da evedra, ra¡Ta uCuenos saxe eklesiisa¡~. mirian mefis survili, qristianuli taZari mayvlovanSi aaSenos, RvTis nebis gamoxatulebaa, radgan es adgili, rogorc qristianTa Sesakrebeli, eklesiis aSenebamdeve eklesias moaswavebda (eklesia _ Sesakrebeli /saba/).

wm. ninos mayvlovanSi dabinaveba Rrma simboluri azriT aris datvirTuli. qristia-nuli saxismetyvelebis Tanaxmad, mayvlovani RvTismSobels ganasaxierebs.

qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis `Soris mayualTa maT~ dabinaveba aris ara SemTxveviTi movlena, aramed gangebis neba, radgan mayvlovanis saxiT misi TavSesafari, misi sulieri sadguri RvTismSobeli xdeba.

mayvlovani rom sakraluri adgilia, amaze aSkarad metyvelebs is saocari sifrTxile,

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romelsac mefe miriani am, erTi SexedviT, veluri buCqis mimarT avlens. roca aq `zemo eklesiis~ dafuZneba gadawyda, misi moTxovniT mayvlovani xeluxleblad iqna daculi, mayvlis erTi furcelic ki aravis dauzianebia, radgan masSi saswaulTmoqmed mcenares xedaven da ara Cveulebriv buCqs.

`ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, Zveli da axali aRTqmiseuli ori siwminde _ mayvlovani da vazi ganuyofelia. maTi simbolikis gacnobiereba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs ganvacxa-doT, rom wm. ninos, romelic RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveyanas yovladwminda mariamis ne-biT moevlina, vazis jvris saxiT win macxovari uZRoda, mayvlovanis saxiT ki dedaRvTisa ifaravda. amitom SeZlo man SeuZlebeli. amitom mimarTaven mas marTlmorwmune qristiane-bi: `dedisa RvTisa mier queyanasa amas Cuensa movlinebulman da wmidaTa xelTa misTa mier jvarisa vazisa mimRebelman, viTarca mwyemsman keTilman, Sehkribe da mihgvare qarTvelni RmerTsa WeSmaritsa, dedao, wmidao nino, evedre qristesa RmerTsa Sewyalebad sulTa CvenTaTvis (wm. ninos tropari).

kerpebis msxvreva

`ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, IV saukunis saqarTvelo aris `sawarmarTo queyana¡~, sa-dac cxovrobs èri ucxo¡, ucxoTa RmerTTa msaxuri~. igi `Crdilois queyanaa~, romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa codvisasa da velni - almursa cTomisasa~, amitomac igi mokle-bulia sulier naTels.

nawarmoebidan cxadad Cans, rom saqarTvelos feriscvalebas dasabami daedo maSin, roca nacar-mtvrad iqcnen `kerpni saZagelni, romelni SvilTa maTTa, viTarca Tivasa, Tibdes. kerpebis gacamtvereba `ninos cxovrebaSi~ gaazrebulia, rogorc simbolo Zveli samyaros ganadgurebisa, rasac axali, sulieri naTlis damkvidreba unda mohyves.

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ warmarTuli kerpebis msxvreva asea aRwerili: `dga kaci erTi spilenZisa¡ da emosa tansa missa jaWvi oqroisa¡, da Tavsa missa aqunda qva¡ bivriti da iakinTo¡, xolo xelsa aqunda xrmali, romeli, viTarca elva¡, sazarelad iqceoda xelsa missa. xolo marjueniT misa dga kaci oqroisa¡, da saxeli misi gac, da kualad marcxeniT misa dga kaci vecxlisa¡, da saxeli mis gai.

ixila ra ese yoveli netarman nino, aRipyrna xelni zecad da cremliT evedreboda da ityoda: _ ufalo iesu qriste, RmerTo Cveno, aCuene Zliereba¡ Seni da yav saswauli, ra¡Ta ixilon erTa amaT macxovareba¡ Seni da Sen mxoloi gicnan RmrTad WeSmaritad da Senda mxoloisa Sewiron dideba¡ da Tayuanis-cema¡.

da viTarca srul-yo locvai, meyseulad gamoCnda dasavaliT Rrubeli bneli, da qari Zlieri, da iqmnes quxilni sastikni, da xmani sazarelni, da mexis-texani SesaZrwunebelni. mefe da mTavarni da eri igi, ltolvilni saSinelebisa misgan, urTierTas dasTrgunvides da TiToeuli saxid Tvisa mirbiodes. xolo kerpTa maT zeda moiweoda setyua¡ Txrobad gansakvirvebeli, romeli, viTarca rkinisa¡ anu Tu rvalisa¡, ekueTeboda, vidremdis sru-liad damusrna da daawulilna, viTarca mtuerni~.

sagulisxmoa, rom kerpebis msxvreva swored feriscvaleba dRes, 6 (19) agvistos moxda, amdenad, es iyo gangebismieri, providenciuli movlena da ara SemTxveviTi faqti: aqedan daedo dasabami sruliad qarTlis gaqristianebas, mis feriscvalebas, mis xelaxla dabadebas, codvis nislisagan gaTavisuflebasa da axali, sulieri naTlis ziarebas.

sagulisxmoa, rom armazuli triadis (armazi, gac, gai) aRweriT `ninos cxovrebis~ avtori feriscvalebis warmosaxviT suraTs acocxlebs.

maTes saxarebis Tanaxmad, roca macxovarma Taboris mTaze feri icvala, mowafeebma masTan erTad ixiles winaswarmetyvelni: mose da elia: `da Semdgomad equsisa dRisa wa-

15

riyvanna iesu petre da iakob da iovane, Zma¡ misi, da aRiyvanna igini mTasa maRalsa Tvisa-gan.

da icvala maT winaSe sxuad ferad da ganbrwyinda piri misi, viTarca mze. xolo samo-seli misi iqmna spetak, viTarca naTeli.

da aha eCuennes maT mose da elia mis Tana da Tanazraxvides~ (17, 1-3).am imaginaciuri (warmosaxviTi) suraTis asaxviT avtori simbolurad naTelyofs, rom

feriscvalebis dRes armazze cru RmerTebis gacxadeba xdeba, ris gamoc maT WeSmariti RmerTis sastiki risxva atydebaT da isini umowyalod nadgurdebian.

mTa

`ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT mirian mefe `kerpTa saZagelTa~ Tayvanismcemlad warmogvidgeba. igi èbniTa da qnariTa da xmiTa nestvisaiTa da mravliTa saxiobi-Ta ganadidebs armazis salocavs, `RmerTTa RmerTad~, umaRles RvTaebad aRiarebs mas.

winaparTa salocavebisadmi rwmena mefes arc mas Semdeg Seryevia, rac es kerpebi gangebis mier movlenilma stiqiam `damusrna da daawulilna~. amitomaa, rom wm. ninos ùricxuTa kurnebaTa~ Zalas igi armazsa da zadens miawers da ara WeSmarit Semoqmeds: `hgonebda mefe, viTarmed ninos kurnebisa Zalsa mianiWebdes kerpni: armaz da zaden.~

imis Setyobam, rom nana dedofalma da misma biZam qristes rwmena aRiares, sastikad ganarisxa mefe. igi `borgda friad ninoisTvis da nana dedoflisa~ da mkacri SurisgebiT daemuqra maT.

swored am dros mouvlina ufalma mefes saswauli, romelmac gadamwyveti roli Se-asrula qarTlis gaqristianebis istoriaSi. movigonoT es epizodi: `dResa erTsa... aRxda mefe da ganvida nadirobad muxnariT kerZo da movlo sanaxebi muxnarisa da ganvida mTaTa zeda TxoTisaTa maRnarTa, ra¡Tamca mixadna cixeTa maT didTa aspad da kaspad da ufli-scixed, da ganvida Txemsa mis mTisasa. da Sua samxar oden dabnelda mis zeda mze da iqmna Rame ukuni, bneli friad. dafara bnelman areni da adgilni igini~.

armazisa da zadenis amao moxmobiT sasowarkveTilma mefem `xma-yo da Tqua: `Rmer-To ninoiso, ganminaTle sibnele ese da gamomibrwyinve me naTeli, ra¡Ta aRviaro saxeli Seni wmida¡ da gadidebde Sen~. ese rai Tqua, yovlad saxierman man da mowyaleman RmerT-man gamoabrwyinva naTeli mis Soris da mswrafl sibnelisa misgan ganTavisuflda mirian. meyseulad aRdga da aRipyrna xelni aRmosavliT, RaRad-yo da Tqua: `WeSmaritad Sen xar RmerTi WeSmariti, Sen xar RmerTi RmerTTa¡ da Tayuanis-vscem patiosansa juarsa Sensa!~ amisa Semdgomad warmoemarTa sameufod Tvisad qalaqad~ da wminda ninos winaSe sajarod, xmamaRla aRiara: `mociqulo WeSmaritisa RmrTisao, romelsa Sen hqadageb, mas vesav!~

am epizodidan aSkarad Cans, rom mirian mefis mier WeSmariti RmerTis Secnoba da aRiareba, anu misi sulieri Soba mTas ukavSirdeba. aq mTa sakraluri SinaarsiT datvir-Tuli simboluri saxea. aseTi gageba bibliidan momdinareobs.

Zveli aRTqmis Tanaxmad, mTa is adgilia, sadac RvTis rCeulT uflis xilvis Se-saZlebloba eZlevaT. mamazecieri moses sinas mTaze gamoecxada `suetiT RrublisaiTa~. aq gadasca mas sjulis ficrebze amokveTili aTi mcneba, romlis wyalobiTac rCeuli eri aRTqmul qveynaSi Sesvlis Rirsi unda gamxdariyo. `xolo mTa sina mkmolvare iyo yovlad gardamosvlisTvis RmrTisa mis cecxliTa da aRvidoda kuamli saxmilisa~, _vkiTxulobT Zveli aRTqmis wignSi. `gamosvlaTa¡~.

gabaonis mTaze SesTxova isu naves Zem RmerTs mzis SeCereba da ufalma Seusrula mas es Txovna: `da dadga mze saSuval casa, ara vidoda daslvad sruliad dRis erTis... viTarmca ismina RmerTman kacisa¡~, _ gviambobs wigni ìsu navesi~.

morias mTaze gamoucxada Tavisi wyaloba ufalma abraams: samsxverplod gamzadebuli

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mxolodSobili vaJis _ isaakis _ sanacvlod tarigi mouvlina mas.axali aRTqmis mixedviT, ufalma ieso qristem Taboris mTaze icvala feri. `da icva-

la maT winaSe sxuad ferad da gamobrwyinda piri misi, viTarca mze, xolo samoseli misi iqmna spetak, viTarca naTeli~ (maTe 17, 2).

golgoTis mTaze aRsrulda jvarcmis misteria, romlis wyalobiTac codviT dace-muli kacobrioba ganiwminda.

eleonis mTaze ixiles qristes mowafeebma udidesi saswauli _ mkvdreTiT aRmdgari macxovris cad amaRleba (luka, 24, 50, 51).

aqedan gamomdinare, TxoTis mTa, sadac mirian mefem mzis dabneleba ixila, ar aris Cveulebrivi mTa. es aris qarTvelTa sinai, sadac RvTis gamocxadeba, misi cxovelmyofeli Zalis Secnoba, mefis sulieri feriscvaleba, mis mier WeSmariti sarwmunoebis aRiareba xdeba. aqedan iRebs dasabams bibliuri mosesTvis RvTis mier boZebuli aTi mcnebis memkvi-dre _ axali aRTqma, romelmac qarTlosianebs maradiul naTelTan ziarebis SesaZlebloba unda mianiWos.

mirian mefec RvTisagan gamorCeuli pirovnebaa, radgan is, rac mas gadaxda, mxolod madlmosils unda SemTxveoda. gangebam moaxvedra igi TxoTis mTaze mzis dabnelebis mo-mentSi, gangebam miiyvana WeSmariti sarwmunoebis aRiarebamde, gangebam miaaxla mayvlovan-Si mlocvel kabadokiel asuls, romelsac, TxoTis mTaze momxdari saswauli rom ara, mis garSemo Semokrebil pirvel qristianebTan erTad mefis saSineli risxva eloda.

mzis dabneleba

mzis dabneleba xdeba 20 ivliss, roca mze lomis zodiaqoSia da maqsimalurad aris aRvsili Tavisi ZaliTa da cxovelmyofelobiT, rac ukiduresad aZlierebs mefis daeWve-bas mis RvTaebriobasa da ZalmosilebaSi. mefem, romlisTvisac umTavresi da upirvelesi RvTaeba mze gaxldaT, am dRes gansakuTrebiT mZafrad SeigrZno Zala `mzeTa mzis~, `mzisa mamzevebeli mzis~ _ WeSmariti RmerTisa, romelmac wyvdiadidan gamoiyvana da sulier naTels aziara igi. mzis xilviT misTvis gamoCnda `mnaTobi simarTlisa igi mze ganmanaT-leblad TvisTa dabadebulTa~, ̀ mze simarTlisa da xati brwyinvaleba¡ RmrTisa mamisa uxi-lavi~, `mze igi dauRamebeli~, `mze dauvsebeli, romelman gandevna bneli uRmrTovebisa¡~ (miqael modrekili). amieridan man sabolood aRiara `mzei simarTlisa¡~, `RmerTi WeSmari-ti da RmerTi RmerTTa¡~ _ qriste da `moiRo naTeli da Tayuanis-cema¡ wmidisa juarisa¡~, rac sruliad saqarTvelos gaqristianebis winapirobad iqca.

kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, rom 20 ivlisi (2 agvisto), roca mzis dabneleba moxda, elia winaswarmetyvelis dRea.

winaswarmetyvelTa Soris elia Tezbiteli udidesi da upirvelesia. ufalma elia cocxlad aitaca zecaSi da amiT maradiuli drois mkvidrad aqcia igi (IV mef., 2, 11-12).

elia macxovris winasaxea (èlia _ ufali RmerTi Cemi~ _ aseTia elia winaswarmetyve-lis saxelis sabaseuli ganmarteba), feriscvalebis misteriis monawile da qristes RvTae-briobis dammowmebeli (maTe, 17, 3); esqatologiuri drois _ mesiis meored mosvlis mauwye-bladac elia winaswarmetyvelia miCneuli (malaqia, 3, 23).

elia winaswarmetyvelma Tavisi mosasxami Tavis mowafes _ elises gadaugdo maSin, roca igi Tormeti uReli xarkameCiT iordanispira mindvrebs xnavda (III mef., 19,19). Semdeg, cecxlovani etliT saswaulebrivad amaRlebulma, zemodan gadmougdo mas es mosasxami da amiT gadasca gangebismieri unari, orad gaepo iordanes dineba da mSralad gasuliyo meore napirze (IV mef., 2, 14), rogorc masze adre Tavad SeZlo am istoriuli saswaulis moxdena (IV mef., 2,8).

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elias xalenis saswaulebrivi Zala aris simbolo Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyveluri madlisa, romelic erTi adamianisgan meoreze gadadis da Taobebs Soris memkvidreobiT kavSirs amyarebs. `ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, es xaleni mcxeTaSi `sakurTxevelisa queSe~ ùlpolvelad~ aris damarxuli da Tavis Jams elis, raTa axali saswauli moaxdinos. ̀ ars sxua¡ca ZaliTa Semosili, mrCobli gica, xaleni eliaisi, amas qalaqsa Sina xelTa CuenTa, sakurTxevelisa simtkicesa queSe qvaTa Sina ulpolvelad vidre Jamadmde misa,~ _ mimarTavs abiaTar mRvdeli Tavis asuls sidonias.

elias xalenis adgilsamyofeli `ninos cxovrebaSi~ wminda miwis im adgilTanaa gaTa-nabrebuli, sadac bibliurma iakobma zeciuri ierarqia ixila. àmas zeda ars adgili igi, viTarca adgili iakobisi, kibed xiluli da zecad aRwevnuli amieridan da ukunisamde~, _ acxadebs abiaTar mRvdeli.

aqedan gamomdinare, `ninos cxovrebis~ gamWol motivad SeiZleba CaiTvalos molodi-ni Jamisa, roca gangebismieri Zala, romliTac es ùlpoveli~ siwmindea aRWurvili, mcxe-Tis miwaze yovladwminda RvTismSoblis nebiT, misi wyalobiT gadmova (movigonoT, rom iakobis CvenebaSi kibe RvTismSobels ganasaxierebs).

am molodinis acxadebaa 20 ivliss (2 agvistos) _ elia winaswarmetyvelis dRes momxda-ri saswauli, romlis wyalobiTac mirian mefis mier xiluli naTeli im `dauvsebeli naT-lis~ winamorbedad iqca, romelic male sruliad saqarTvelos moefina.

kvarTi qristesi

cnobilia, rom mcxeTis ebrauli diasporis imave sagvareulos warmomadgenelma, ro-melmac eqvsi saukuniT adre elias xaleni dafla mcxeTaSi, macxovris kvarTic saqarTve-los Zvel dedaqalaqSi Camoitana.

uflis kvarTis wilxvdomilobis Sesaxeb ioanes saxareba gviambobs: `da erisaganTa maT, romelTa juars acves ieso, moiRes samoseli misi da ganiyves oTxad nawilad, Ti-Toeulman erisaganman nawili. xolo kuarTi igi, rameTu iyo ukervel, zeiT gamoqsovil yovlad, Tques ukue urTierTas: ara ganvxioT ese, aramed wil vigdoT amas zeda, visaca iyos, raiTa aResrulos werili igi: `ganiyves samoseli Cemi... da kuarTsa Cemsa zeda ga-nigdes wili~ (19, 23-24).

`werili igi~ bibliur daviT mefes ekuTvnis. didi winaswarmetyveli 21-e fsalmunSi wers: ̀ gare momadges me ZaRlebr mraval da krebulman ukeTurTaman garemomicva me. ganxu-ritnes xelni Cemni da ferxni Cemni. da aRricxes yoveli Zualebi Cemi. maT mixiles me da ganmicades me. ganiyves samoseli Cemi maT Soris da kuarTsa Cemsa zeda ganigdes wili (21, 16-18).

daviT fsalmunT mgaloblis winaswarmetyveleba Zveli aRTqmisaTvis niSandoblivi winasaxeobrivi azrovnebis naTeli gamoxatulebaa. am naTelmxilveluri sityvebis acxade-ba. wilisyraSi mcxeTel ebraelTa monawileoba da macxovris kvarTis saqarTveloSi Camo-tana am faqtis providenciul xasiaTze metyvelebs. macxovris kvarTisa da elias xalenis dafvlis adgilebis siaxlovec gangebis nebis gamocxadebad aRiqmeba. rogorc elia wi-naswarmetyveli modis uflis winamorbedad, raTa mas gza ganumzados (mal., 5,4), aseve misi xaleni win uZRvis uflis kvarTs. es ori siwminde aris winapiroba mirian mefis moqcevisa, rac, Tavis mxriv, sruliad saqarTvelos naTelRebis momaswavebeli xdeba.

wm. nino mirian mefesTan saubarSi sruliad araorazrovnad acxadebs: ̀ ars qalaqsa amas Sina samoseli uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi da miT iqmnebian saswaulni ese da kurnebani~. qalwuli-saTvis eWvmiutaneli WeSmaritebaa isic, rom ̀ kviparozi sakvirveli~ kvarTis samarxzea amozr-dili da uflis cxovelmyofeli Zala mcxeTelTaTvis swored am kviparosis meoxebiT gaxdeba xiluli. maSasadame, am xisagan gamokveTili svetis cxovelmyofeloba, `brwyinvaleba da sul-neleba~, mis mier moxdenili saswaulebi da kurnebani, rac qarTlis gaqristianebis gadamwyvet

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momentad iqca, Zveli aRTqmidan momdinare winaswarmetyvelebis acxadebis utyuari sabuTia.mravlismTqmelia isic, rom kvarTi uflisa iyo ùkervel, gamoqsovil yovlad~ (ioa-

ne), rac imas niSnavs, rom igi erTiani, mTliani da daunawevrebeli iyo. RvTis nebiT, aseTi saxiT mkvidrdeba igi saqarTveloSi niSnad imisa, rom `sazepuro eri~, msgavsad mis wiaRSi daculi siwmindisa, samaradJamod, mesiis meored mosvlamde, sarwmunoebrivad mTliani, gauTiSavi da daunawevrebeli iqneba.

samoTxe

mcxeTaSi Camosuli wm. nino samoTxeSi mkvidrdeba. `mesamesa dResa Camoved qalaqad mcxeTad da mivmarTe samoTxesa mas mefisasa~, _ gviambobs igi.

aq gamoecxada mas `kaci naTlisa feri~, romlis swavlebiTac Tavisi pirveli saswau-li moaxdina: `CuenebiT vxedevd, movida kaci naTlisa feri da mrqua me: `samoTxesa Seved, naZuTa queSe babiloTa adgili ars mcirei sayuarelad Semzadebuli. miwa¡ aRiRe adgilisa misgan da SeaWame kacTa magaT da esuas Svili~. xolo me vyav egreiT da esxnes Zeeb da asu-leb mravlad~, _ mogviTxrobs igi.

aqve ixila wm. ninom Cveneba, romelic winaswar moaswavebda samefo baRis qarTvelTa embazad gardasaxvas da am baRSi amozrdili saswaulTmoqmedi xis gansakuTrebul mniSvne-lobas eris sulier cxovrebaSi.

`da maTve dReTa Sina orgzis da samgzis vixile Cuenebasa Sina mciredsa mas miruleba-sa Cemsa muxlTa zeda: movidian mfrinvelni cisani, STavidian mdinaresa, daibannian da mo-vidian samoTxesa mas da babilosa mas moisTuldebian da yuavilsa mas Zovdian, da mowled Cemdamo RaRadebed, reca Cemi ars samoTxei igi, gare momadgian JRaviliT da xmobed Cemda momarT. da mravalgzis iyo ese~.

am CvenebaSi winaswarmetyveluradaa warmosaxuli eris istoriis umniSvnelovanesi momenti _ qarTvelTa naTlisReba (`mfrinvelni cisani STavidian mdinaresa da daibannian~) da wminda ziareba (`babilosa mas moisTuldebian~...), rac swored `samoTxesTan~ aris da-kavSirebuli.

`samoTxis~ gansakuTrebuloba providenciuladaa gansazRvruli. aq aris dafluli uflis kvarTi, romelzedac saswaulTmoqmedi kviparosi (naZvi) xarobs. es xe daedo sa-Zirkvlad pirvel qristianul taZars, romelmac qarTvelTa axal sarwmunoebaze moqcevas daudo dasabami. amdenad, `samoTxe~, marTlac, samoTxeSi _ zeciur sasufevelSi damkvi-drebis gzis gamkafavad iqca da eris saukuno momavalic masTan aRmoCnda dakavSirebuli.

ekali

ekali codviT dacemis simboluri saxea. igi saTaves bibliidan iRebs. `saxed da xatad Tvisad~ qmnili pirveli adamianebi arsTa gamrigem samoTxeSi daamkvidra. edemSi ufals ekali ar gauCenia.

qveynad codvis gamefeba eklis aRmocenebiT aRiniSna. samoTxidan gandevnil adams ufalma wilad xeneSi ekali arguna: `rameTu sWame xisagan, romlisa gamcen Sen misi xolo ara Wama¡... wyeul iyavn queyana saqmeTa Sina SenTa, mwuxarebiT sWamde mas yovelTa dReTa cxovrebisa SenisaTa. ekalsa da kuroisTavsa aRmogicenebdes Sen da sWamde Tivasa velisa-sa~, mimarTavs ufali adams (Sesaqme, 3, 17-18).

codviT dacemuli adamis modgmas ganasaxierebs ekali axal aRTqmaSic. èkrZaleniT cru winaswarmetyuelTagan, romelni movidodian Tquenda samosliTa cxovarTaiTa, xolo

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Sinagan iyvnen mgel mtacebel~, _ moZRvravs mowafeebs macxovari da dasZens: ̀ nuukue Sekr-bian ekalTagan yurZeni anu kuroisTavTagan _ leRvi?~ (maTe, 7, 15-16).

aq ukeTuri Zalebi _ cruwinaswarmetyvelni, cxvris tyavSi gaxveuli mglebi ekalSi arian simbolizebulni.

maTes saxarebaSi macxovari mociqulebs uambobs igavs mTesvelze, romlis naTessac ekali aSTobs. `da sxua¡ igi [Tesli] davarda ekalTa Soris, da aRmocendes ekalni da Se-aSTves igi~ (13, 7).

Tavad macxovari am igavs ase ganmartavs: `romeli ege [Tesli] ekalTa Soris daeTesa, ese ars: romelman sityua¡ igi isminos da zrunvaman amis soflisaman da sacTurman simdi-drisaman SeaSTvis sityua¡ igi, da unayofo iqmnis~ (maTe, 13, 22).

aq Tesli qristes mcnebebia, xolo ekali _ wuTisoflis sazrunavi da simdidris moxveWis sacduri, romelic uflis sityvas axSobs.

eklis gvirgvini macxovarma sakuTari sisxliT ganbana, rac kacobriobis codvaTagan ganwmendas, codvis meufebis damxobas, masze gamefebas moaswavebs.

eSmakTan wilnayari murmanis saflavze amosuli ekali jojoxeTs ganasaxierebs, abe-salomisa da eTeris saflavze aRmocenebuli ia da vardi _ sasufevels.

qristianuli gagebiT, yoveli mokvdavis codva ekalia da im eklis gvirgvins emateba, romelsac codvili kacobrioba ufali ieso qristes Tavze dasadgmelad ganamzadebs.

saqarTveloSi Semosuli wminda nino mayvlovanSi dabinavda. mayvali, es ekliani mce-nare, codviT damZimebul, sulieri naTlisagan ganZarcvul qveyanas ganasaxierebs. na-warmoebis mixedviT, warmarTuli sarwmunoeba saqarTvelos ekalxlarTiviT aqvs modebu-li. qveyana isea daburduli eSmakeuli ZalebiT, rogorc mcxeTis gareubanSi arsebuli mayvlovani _ `brZamliTa~ da ekal-bardiT.

mcxeTaSi Semosuli wm. nino mayvlovanSi mkvidrdeba, maSasadame, IV s-is saqarTveloSi qristianuli rwmena mayvlovanidan iwyebs aRorZinebas. qristianuli taZaric mayvlovanis adgilze Sendeba. radgan qristianoba warmarTobis wiaRSi aRmocendeba, SeiZleba miviC-nioT, rom ekliani mayvlovani codviT damZimebul, codvis morevSi Caflul warmarTo-bas ganasaxierebs. aqedan gamomdinare, uflis sityvebi: èsreT iyos waryvanebaica Seni, odes-ege ekali, romeli Sensa garemos ars, iqmnas vardis furcel da sulnel Sen mier~ _ ase SeiZleba gaviazroT: ekali, romelic wm. ninos `garemois ars~, codviT dacemul `sa-warmarTo qveyanas~ aRniSnavs, `sulneli vardi~ ki, romladac wm. ninos mier ekali unda gardaisaxos _ WeSmariti sarwmunoebiT naTelRebul, suliwmidis madliT mocul samwysos.

mravlismTqmelia, rom wm. ninosaTvis `Jami dRisa dalevnisa¡ da mzisa davsebisa¡~ maSin dadga, roca `srulyo qadageba¡ WeSmaritebisa¡ da aRasrula srba¡ Ruawlisa Tvi-sisa¡~, roca qarTvelebma `moiRes naTeli da Tayuanis-cema¡ wmidisa juarisa¡~, e.i. ma-Sin, roca èkali, romeli iyo garemos misa, iqmna vardis furcel da sulnel mis mier~.

Tvali patiosani

armazis kerpi _ `kaci erTi spilenZisa¡~ Zvirfasi TvlebiT iyo Semkuli. èmosa tansa missa jaWvi oqroisa¡ da Tavsa missa aqunda qva¡ bivriti da iakinTo¡~. kerpebis damxobis Semdeg gadarCa erTaderTi Tvali bivriti, romelic kldis naprals Sefarebulma wm. ni-nom namsxvrevebs Soris ipova da Tan waiRo: `xolo viTarca iqmna myudroeba¡ da ganwmda haeri... wmidaman nino pova bivriti, Tuali kerpisa¡, aRdga da warmoiRo~.

armazi warmarTuli RvTaebaa. nawarmoebis mixedviT, warmarTuli saqarTvelo wyvdia-diT moculi qveyanaa, `romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa codvisasa da velni _ almursa cTomisasa~. qristianuli sarwmunoebis saxiT mas upirispirdeba `naTeli WeSmariti~, `mze¡ simarTlisa¡, romelsa aqus kurneba¡ queSe frTeTa misTa~ (i. sabanisZe).

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qristianobasTan WidilSi Zveli sarwmunoeba araraobad iqca. àxali RmerTis~ Zala risxvad moevlina Zvel rwmenas da dalewa, daaqcia misi materialuri gansaxovneba _ war-marTuli kerp-salocavebi. ar gawira mxolod bivrit-bivrili _ erTaderTi Tvali patio-sani, romelic wm. ninom, viTarca RvTiuri saboZvari, mayvlovans Seafara.

bivriti bibliuri iakobis umcrosi Svilis _ iosebis Tvalia. igi moaswavebs `yudro-ebasa da simSvidesa da siwmidesa iosebissa. Zmebis mier gayidul-gametebuli iosebi, rome-lic faraonis karze gandidda da Tavis gamyidvel Zmebs mxsnelad moevlina, aris winasaxe qristesi, romelmac, miuxedavad imisa, rom moZmeebma jvarcmisa da wamebisaTvis gaimetes, maTi codvebi ido kisrad da ixsna kacTa modgma.

ninos mier napovnma Tvalma mis locvas RvTaebrivi Zala unda SesZinos, raTa qarTvel-Ta mxsnelisa da mfarvelis roli ikisros da warwymedisagan gadaarCinos isini.

RvTiuri Tvali bivriti amave dros `moaswavebs asulTa, romelTa naTesavisagan So-bad iyo qriste~. amdenad, igi RvTismSoblis winasaxecaa.

sayuradReboa, rom `Tuali bivriti... edgmis gvirgvinsa da samkaulsa dedaTa da STaidgmis beWedTaca xelmwifeTasa~.

wm. nino, rogorc RvTiuri SaravandediT moculi arseba, simbolurad bivritiT Semkuli sadedoflo gvirgvinis mflobelia. man es Tvali, viTarca iosebis gansaxovneba, xelmwifeTa _ mefisa (mirianis) da dedoflis (nanas) sulier samkaulebad unda aqcios. am Zvirfasi Tvlis azrobrivi datvirTva miT ufro mravalmniSvnelovania, rom igi nazareTis maxloblad moipoveba.

evangeluri gagebiT, Zvirfasi Tvali qristes moZRvrebis simboluri gansaxovnebaa. maTes saxarebis Tanaxmad, caTa sasufevlis Rirsi xdeba mdidari vaWari, romelmac mTeli Tavisi qoneba gayida da erTaderTi Zvirfasi Tvali _ `margaliti mravalsasyidlisa¡~ Sei-Zina (r. devdariani, qristianuli mwerlobis sakiTxebi _ `ninos cxovreba~, quTaisi, 2002 weli).

[SeniSvna: biblia (berZ. sityvasityviT _ `wignebi~) qristianuli saRvTo wignebis kre-

buli. Sedgeba Zveli da axali aRTqmisagan. qristianoba aRiarebs mTel biblias, iudaizmi – mxolod Zvel aRTqmas. Zveli aRTqma moicavs 39 wigns da ramdenime nawilad iyofa: mose winaswarmetyvelis xuTwigneuli (ebraulad – Tora, anu kanoni); winaswarmetyvelni (me-feTa wignebi, esaias, ieremias, iezekielis da sxvaTa winaswarmetyvelebani); daviT winas-warmetyvelis `fsalmunni~; ìgavni solomonisni~, `qeba qebaTa~, èklesiaste~, iobis wigni da sxva. bibliis wignebi sxvadasxva dros iqmneboda ebraul enaze. uZveless XII saukuniT (qristemde) aTariReben, xolo uaxless – II saukuniT (qristes aqeT). iTargmna sxvadasxva qristian erTa enebze. qarTuli bibliis uZvelesi teqsti daculia oSkis xelnawerSi (978 w.). bibliis qarTuli Targmanis adrindeli fragmentebi moRweulia V-VII saukuneebis pa-limfsestebSi (etratze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri, romelic xelmeored aris sawerad ga-moyenebuli da romlis qveda Sris amokiTxvac SesaZlebelia). axali aRTqma 27 wignisagan Sedgeba: oTxTavi, anu oTxi saxareba (maTesi, markozisa, lukasi, ioanesi), saqme mociqulTa, mociqulTa epistoleebi da gamocxadeba ioanesi. axali aRTqma berZnul enaze Seiqmna pir-vel saukuneSive. qarTulad axali aRTqmis wignebis umetesi nawili unda Targmniliyo qristianobis miRebisTanave, IV saukuneSi.

Zveli aRTqma aris RvTis mier Tavisi rCeuli erisaTvis micemuli dapireba, dadebuli aRTqma, romlis Tanaxmad, israeli Tu RvTis nebas aRasrulebda, mas RmerTi daifaravda, Seeweoda. winaswarmetyvelebi ebrael ers amzadebdnen axali aRTqmisTvis, moZRvravdnen, rom samyaros Semoqmedi axal kavSirs daamyarebda, axal aRTqmas daudebda amjerad ara mxolod rCeul ers, aramed mTel kacobriobas, xsnis gzas dausaxavda yovel calkeul pi-rovnebas RvTis sityvis (RvTis mxolodSobili Zis, qristes) gansxeulebiT, jvarcmiTa da mkvdreTiT aRdgomiT. axali aRTqma aris ara RvTisa da rCeuli eris kavSiri, aramed esaa axali kavSiri RvTisa da yoveli adamianisa. esaa kavSiri adamianis pirovnebis ganmaaxle-beli.

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damatebiTi informacia maswavlebisaTvis:

nikoloz baraTaSvili `werili maiko orbelianisadmi~

m a i k o _ qaixosro orbelianis asuli, da mixeil orbelianisa, levan meliqiSvilis daniSnuli, n. baraTaSvilis uaxloesi megobari da naTesavi. gardaicvala 1846 wels.

r a x a e l _ raxael ciciSvili, baraTaSvilebis axlo nacnobi (cnoba poet giorgi leoniZisa).

i a s e _ iase andronikaSvili, samxedro piri, msaxurobda War-belaqanSi.g o l o v i n i _ al. golovini, infanteriis generali, kavkasiis mTavarmarTebeli

1838-1842 wlebSi. golovins colad hyavda fonvizinis asulim a n a n a – ivane (mirmanoz) erisTavis asuli, daviT orbelianis meuRle (1808 _1870),

silamaziT cnobili qali 50-iani wlebis TbilisSi. qarTuli wyaroebi manana orbelians axasiaTeben rogorc qarTuli mwerlobis did moyvaruls. igi sazogadoebriv saqmiano-baSic iRebda monawileobas. megobrobda n. baraTaSvilis ojaxTan. gamoyvanili hyavs lev tolstois moTxrobaSi `haji murati~

t a s o _ mananas asuli anastasia orbeliani, romelic Semdeg misTxovda q. quTaisis gubernators gagarins.

e l e n e – elene orbeliani-erisTavisa, polk. z. erisTavis meuRle.n i n u c a – nino baraTaSvili, nikolozis da (daib. 1829 w. 18 ivniss).a n n a i v a n o v n a – ana ivanes asuli bagration-muxranskisa (ix. kavk. kalendar,

1846, gv.264).i l i a _ ilia orbeliani. n. baraTaSvilis biZa, Zma gr. orbelianisa. daib. 1814

wels. swavlobda Tbilisis gimnaziaSi. 1834 wels Sevida samxedro samsaxurSi (Caricxul iqna qarTvel grenaderTa polkSi unter-oficrad). 1841 w. gadaiyvanes Tbilisis egerTa polkSi. imave wels dainiSna me-19 qveiTi diviziis ufrosis gen.-leitenantis fezes (karpe karpes Ze, kavkasiuri omis cnobili monawile, ibrZoda daRestanSi 1836-1844 ww.) adiutan-tad. 1845 w. eboZa kapitnoba. 1849w. – polkovnikia; 1851 w. – grenad. polkis ufrosi. 1852 w. miiRo gen. maioris xarisxi.

1842 wlis 20 marts yaziyumuxSi ilia orbeliani da masTan erTad ori oficeri: polk. snaksarevi da praporSCiki ananovi, xelSi CauvardaT Samilis razmelebs. tyveebi waasxes Samilis rezidenciaSi, darRoSi. ilia orbelianma wvimian RamiT scada gaqceva, magram gza-ze daRestnis sof. mexeltas axlos daiWires da ukanve mohgvares imams. ilias gamosyidvis Sesaxeb SamilTan molaparakebas awarmoebdnen generlebi kluki-fon-klugenau da m. ar-RuTinski-dolgorukovi. bolos, 1842 w. noembers ilia gamoixsnes: Samilma is gadacvala rusebis mier datyvevebul naib Sahmandar-hajze. imams daubrunes sxva mTieli tyveebic.

1853w. ibrZoda TurqTa winaaRmdeg, baSkadiklarTan, sadac sasikvdilod daWres (no-emberSi). dakrZalulia qvaSveTis eklesiaSi (dawvr. ix. gr. o r b e l i a n i, werilebi, t. I, gv. 222).

g l u x a r i C i – giorgi erisTavi, cnobili qarTveli komediografi (1811-1864). g. erisTavi didi pativismcemeli iyo n. baraTaSvilisa, romlis dakargva gamoitira

leqsSi `T. nikoloz baraTaSvilis gardacvalebaze~.

maswavleblisaTvis: gTavazobT damatebiT informacias sulxan-saba orbelianis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb

sulxan-saba orbeliani, friad ganswavluli da mravalmxrivi moRvawe (prozaikosi, poeti, leqsikografi, mqadagebeli, mwignobari, saxelmwifo da saeklesio piri) daibada sofel tanZiaSi. misi mamida, rodami, didi yaflanis asuli, colad hyavda mefe vaxtang

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V-s. patara sulxani samefo karze izrdeboda. mas mWidro kavSiri hqonda mamidaSvilebTan _ mefe giorgi XI-sTan, arCilTan, levanTan.

sabas sulier TvisebaTa wrTobaze didi gavlena moaxdina qarTlis saxelmwifoebriv-politikurma da kulturulma mdgomareobam, agreTve, cxadia, samefo karma, sadac igi male dawinaurda. mTeli Semdgomi saqmianoba, politikuri Tu diplomatiuri moRvaweoba man qarTlis keTildReobisaTvis brZolas Sealia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom, saxeldobr TbilisSi, samefo karze cxovrebisas daevala Cinebul didaqtikoss momavali mefis, vaxtang VI-is, aRzrda.

sulxan-saba orbeliani wlebis ganmavlobaSi iRvwoda qarTlis politikur asparez-ze. misi gamgzavreba evropaSi (1713-1716 ww.), iransa Tu ruseTSi qveynisa da mSobliuri xalxis uangaro, gulmxurvale siyvaruliT iyo ganpirobebuli; sakuTriv mas, viTarca di-plomatsa da sazogado moRvawes, ekuTvnis prioriteti kulturul evropul samyarosTan gawyvetili kavSiris aRdgenis cdebisa.

im periodSi, rodesac Sahma qarTlis mefoba gamahmadianebul erekles (nazaralixans) uboZa da 1688 wels giorgi qarTlidan gaaZeves, ukadrisi xvedri ergo sabasac – igi umarTebulod CamoaSores saxelmwifo saqmianobas. mogvianebiT igi, 1698 wels, `monazon iqmna da garejis mravalmTis wmidis naTlismcemlis monasters daadgra~.

1703 wels qarTlis taxtze vaxtang VI avida da sulxan-sabac politikur aspa-rezs daubrunda. 1710-1712 wlebSi igi diplomatiuri misiiT orgzis imyofeboda irans, xolo 1713 wels frang misioner riSarTan erTad sagangebo davalebiT evropaSi gaemg-zavra. gzad, 1713 wels orbelianma konstantinopolSi kaTolikoba miiRo _ wmida ba-silis ordenis wevri gaxda. cnobilia am ordenis Tavisebureba – garkveuli siaxlove marTlmadideblobasTan, kerZod, isic, rom basilianTa ordenis wevrT wveris tarebis ufleba hqondaT, sxva kaTolikeTagan gansxvavebiT.

sabas mogzaurobis marSruti aseTi iyo: konstantinopoli – marseli – parizi – romi, italiis sxva qalaqebi – konstan-

tinopoli – TurqeTis gziT saqarTvelo. 1714 wels, aprilSi, saba versalSi ludoviko XIV-m miiRo. `xelmwifem sabas naubari moismina ra: _ oh... oh... oh... oho! _ Tqva da TiTqos kidec inana. magram amiTi araferi gamovida ra ... rac Seitana, iseve is gamoitana im saxelganTqmul versalidan elCman qarTlisam~, _ ase gamoexmaura sabas

diplomatiuri misiiT mogzaurobas TiTqmis samasi wlis Semdeg poeti muxran maWavariani leqsiT `saba~.

parizidan uSedegod gamobrunebul qarTvel moRvawes romis papma, klimenti XI-m, ima-ve wlis ivlisSi orjer gaumarTa audiencia. arsebobs gadmocema, rom Rrma pativiscemis niSnad paps fexebi daubania sapatio stumrisaTvis; dausaCuqrebia, misionerebic gamouyo-lebia, magram realuri daxmareba verc mas aRmouCenia.

ase Caiara uqmad evropul samyarosTan kavSiris aRdgenis sabaseulma mcdelobam da `friadma Sromam~, ris gamoc mravali SeWirvebisa da Seuracxyofis atana da daTmena mouxda did meigaves. `qarTveli episkoposni da samRvdeloni roms wasvlisaTvis gamimterdnen da ase Sekres yoveli – Cemi naTesavi da moyvare da mefe-darbaiselni, veravin Semomewia... mere samRvdeloT SfoTi aRZres Cemzed, kreba da borotis qna moindomes, magram mefe ver aiyolies... merme mefe baqar dasjda mefed, visTvisac esodeni Wiri menaxa da visac mefo-bas vscdilobdi, aTxuTmetis wlisa iyo. moatyues, mcxeTas, Cemi siyvaruli da samsaxuri sul daaviwyes, kreba miyves da wmidis papis gineba momidves. me marTlmadidebloba ver uarvyav da mravali avi moindomes, magram RmerTman yovlisagan dagvixsna. mefemac pativi mogvapyra da maTi veragobac gacudda. vaxtang mefes smenoda, didad swyenoda da yovelni

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daetuqsa, _ wers sulxan saba Txzulebis _ `mogzauroba evropaSi~ _ bolos.gadis xani. 1721 wels Sahi vaxtangs rusuli orientaciis gamo Semoswyra da qarTlis

samefo gadasca kaxeTis mefes, konstantines, romelic qarTlze lekebis jariT wamovi-da. vaxtangma Turqebi moiwvia dasaxmareblad. am brZolaSi, rogorc mosalodnelic iyo, orive bagrationi damarcxda. konstantine fSav-xevsureTs gadaixvewa. Turqebma Tbilisi aiRes `karebi daxvdaT Ria ra~ (d. guramiSvili). vaxtangi cxinvalis gziT 1500-kaciani ama-liT ruseTs gaemgzavra. qarTlis awewilma bedma da aRzrdilis didma siyvarulma vaxtang VI-sTan erTad sabasac ruseTisaken aqnevina piri.

cxovrebis ulmobeli laxvriT gatanjulma, jangatexilma sulierma mamam `sruliad saqarTveloisam~ peterburgamde ver miatana – 1725 wlis 26 ianvars igi moskovSi gar-daicvala. dakrZales vsesviatskoes Zvel eklesiaSi. sarwmunoa, rom saba, kvlav daubrun-da marTlmadideblobas; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is, cxadia, marTlmadidebluri eklesiis galavanSi ver daimarxeboda. saba daitira mamidaSvilis Svilma - arCil mefis asulma, darejan batoniSvilma.

sabas did avtoritetze TanamedroveTa Soris metyvelebs ucxoeli mogzauris – frangi misioneri riSaris – sityvebi: ìgi mTels saqarTvelos mamad miaCniao~.

sulxan-sabas cxovreba erTgvari matianea im brZolaTa, tyveobaTa, marcxTa da ube-dobaTa, ZmaTa sisxlis Rvrisa Tu ganadgurebisa, rac saqarTvelos XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi gadaxda.

gangebam sulxan-sabas mZime da tragikuli bedi arguna. saqarTvelos siyvarulma aTas adgilas atara, aTas gaWirvebas Sehyara, miuxedavad amisa, `soflis saqmeTagan ucalo~ sulxan-saba orbeliani mainc poulobda dros literaturuli da mecnieruli moRvaweobi-saTvis. igi gaxldaT prozaikosi, poeti, leqsikografi, mqadagebeli, mwignobari, saxelmwi-fo da saeklesio moRvawe.

sulxan-saba orbelianis Semoqmedeba mravalmxrivi da mravalferovani iyo.

sulxan-sabas kalams ekuTvnis:

* igavarakuli Janris mSveneba `sibrZne sicruisa~ (1686-1695ww.);* qarTuli sinamdvilisaTvis jerxnobiT kvlav miuwvdomelma leqsikografma Sead-

gina `leqsikoni qarTuli~, romelze muSaobac 1685 wels daiwyo da 1716 wels daasrula. leqsikons vaxtang VI-m siyvaruliT `sityvis kona~ uwoda;

* sulxan-sabam safuZveli Cauyara memuarul Janrsac. qarTul mwerlobaSi man pirvel-ma dawera aRniSnuli Janris Sedevri `mogzauroba evropaSi~, romelic Cvenamde arasruli saxiTaa moRweuli;

sulxan-sabas dauweria, agreTve, hagiografiuli Janris Txzulebani:

* `qadagebani~ da `samoTxis kari~ (1698-1703ww.);* Seusworebia `saqristiano moZRvreba~ anu katexizmo;* uTargmnia `wamebani winaswarmetyvelTani~ da `swavla mecnierTaTvis Tqmuli: aRvi-

areb, romel ars RmerTi an sjuli~;* gaukeTebia `bibliis~ teqstis redaqtireba, romelic `mcxeTuri xelnaweris~

saxelwodebiTaa cnobili; es wigni XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mijnis qarTuli bibliologiis, am epoqis filologiuri, mecnierul-kritikuli saqmianobis Zeglia.

* sulxan-sabas gauwevia didi Sroma vaxtang VI-is mier sparsulidan naTargmni `qili-la da damanas~ `gaCalxvasa~ da leqsebiT gawyobaSi.

* man pirvelma daarRvia rusTveluri Teqvsmetmarcvliani Sairi da `qilila da dama-na~ aTmarcvliani leqsebiT gaawyo;

* sulxan-sabas dauweria ramdenime anbanTqeba.

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* sulxan-sabas miuZRvis wvlili 1709 wels TbilisSi stambis gaxsnaSi. sulxan-saba orbelis Ze sibrZniT aRxda orbebis ze.ase Seamko qarTvelma erma samSobloze uzomod Seyvarebuli didi mamuliSvili.

maswavleblisaTvis: gTavazobT adaptirebul teqsts

`mogzauroba evropaSi~ _ SemoklebiT

/` francisidam wamosvla sulxan-saba orbelianisa da italiaSi Sesvla~ / adaptirebuli varianti

ocda cxra ivnisi iyo, romSi rom SevediT. (ivnisis ocdacxraSi romSi SevediT...) xuT ivliss wminda papTan (igulisxmeba romis papi klementi XI) wamiyvanes. papis

sazafxulo rezidencia romis SuagulSi, maRal adgilze, dgas. imJamad iq imyofeboda papi. sasaxlis qeba bevrgan weria da Tqvenc dameTanxmebiT, rom sxvebis sasaxleebze ua-resi ar iqneba. mTel sasaxleSi wiTeli abreSumis fardagebi efina, oqromkedis arSiebiT morTuli. Sesasvlelidanve jer rig-rigad kariskacebi da darbaislebi dganan, maT win _ mRvdlebi da episkoposebi. me rom mivedi, kardinali iq ar iyo da papi sazeimod gamowyo-bili ar dagvxvedria, Cveulebrivi samosiT migviRo.

Semiyvanes, patara oTaxSi ijda. jer Sesasvlel karTan mogvayrevines muxli, mere Sua oTaxSi da Semdeg fexze vemTxvieT paps; Tavze momexvia. me wesisamebr daCoqili viyavi, ma-gram umal fexze wamomayena. gverdiT axlos damiyena. momikiTxa da momialersa.

movaxsene: wminda mamao, raki Senma Svilma, mtkice qristianma (igulisxmeba vaxtang VI), Tavis

mSvelelad (mxsnelad) migiCniaT, imedi momeca, yvelafers movagvarebdi. magram dagvianeba Cems mefes daazaralebs, radganac cud adgilas imyofeba-meTqi.

mibrZana:vaxtangisa da Seni qveynis sasargeblod sicocxlesac ar daviSurebo.madloba gadavuxade da movaxsene:vatyob, rom vaxtangis saqarTveloSi aryofniT bevri rame daakldeba qristianobas

da Tu samSobloSi dabrundeba, marTlmadideblobas bevri moemateba. es saqme mqonda (es mindoda meTqva), axla gTxov gamiSvaT-meTqi.

gamicina da mibrZana: SenTvis viloceb (Sens Tavs RmerTs Sevavedreb), rom didxans icocxlo. bevr saqmeSi mWirdeba Seni daxmarebao.

erT kardinals erTi didi da [patiosani] biblioTeka aeSenebina, kedlis Ziridn We-ramde, oTxive mxares, uamravi wigni ewyo. es imaTTvis, visac wignis yidva ar SeeZlo. iq mividoda da romel wignsac ki moikiTxavda, miarTmevdnen. gareT gatana ar SeiZleboda, iq unda waekiTxa, ramden xansac undoda. samadlod ase gaerigebinaT (daedginaT).

... ivliss kardinalis sanaxavad wavediT. Zalian tkbilad da mowled mogvepyro. mTe-li oTaxebi damatara. pirvelad Tavisi biblioTeka maCvena. bevri wigni vnaxe sasuliero, saero Tu filosofiuri. sawigneSi (wignsacavSi) Semiyvana.

platonis, aristotelesi da maTi amxanagebis portretebi maCvena da maTi dawerili wignebi. aseTi oTxi-xuTi oTaxi iyo wignebiT savse. iqidan papis biblioTekaSi Segviyvanes, imas sxva ara Seedreba ra. didi da grZeli oTaxebi iyo. yvela rjulsa da yvela enaze dawerili wignebi vnaxe. bevri veZebe qarTuli wignebi, magram ver vipove, ar Canda.

Cvidmeti Tve konstantinopolSi davyavi. iqidan camet maiss wamovediT. safrange-

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Tis despanma sagZali xarji gagviriga (gzisTvis saWiro xarji mogvigvara). erTi WaneTis aTineli gemis kapitani naxes, oTxasi marCili misca, rom Cven qobuleTSi miveyvaneT da gurielisTvis mivebarebineT. gurielsgan werili unda mietana, imis dasturad, rom Cven mSvidobiT Cagviyvana. pirobac CamoarTva, rom Cvens xomaldSi oci mezRvauris meti aravin Caesva.

wamogviyvana. konstantinopolis srute rom gamoviareT, Savi zRvis Semosavalze, moiyvana TaTrebi, Turqi jariskacebi, maTi ufrosi da Cveni xomaldi sul TaTrebiT aavso. me zeviT adgili ar mqonda arc kamarad(...). dabla xomaldis fskerSi Cems fuTaze vijeqi da viweqi kidec. Tumca tkbili sityviT gvatyuebda, maSinve mivxvdi simuxTles. ra meqna, ukan dabrunebac aRar SeiZleboda.

zurgis qarebi dagvidga. meaTe dRes aTinaSi kapitnis saxlebTan movediT. SemiTanxmda, rom oriode dRes saxlSi daisvenebda. es TaTrebi TavianT gzaze wavlen da Sen mSvidobiT Cagiyvano qobuleTSi. meti ra Zala mqonda, rom ar damejerebina. is TaTrebi ki amosxa xomaldidan da gauSva, magram ukan trapizonis faSas Seatyobina, win goniis gamgebels (administraciul-teritoriuli erTeuli TurqeTSi), didi kaci modis, mravali saqoneli moaqvs, frangebi mohyavs, elCebi arian, daiWireTo.

oTxi dRe iq dagvayena da mere gviTxra: me guriaSi xomaldiT veRar migiyvanTo; afxa-zeTi areulia, meSiniao da Tu gindaT, patara naviT wadiT, ginda guriaSi, ginda axalci-xeSio.

raRa unda meqna. erT navSi burseli vaWari xoja aivazis jalabi, misi Svili da amxa-nagebi Casxdnen, abreSumis sayidlad midiodnen ganjaSi. erTSi Cven da patrebi. zRvis na-piras movdiodiT. cota xanSi zRva aRelda da navebi erTmaneTs daaSora. imaTi navi xofas gaagdo da Cveni navi – imas qveviT.

zRvaSi tyveebiT movaWre TaTrebs gadaveyareT, imereTidan tyveebi mohyavdaT kon-stantinopolSi gasayidad. isini rom ar mogvSvelebodnen, sul daviRupebodiT. zRvis napiras gavediT; oTxi dRe iq gavCerdiT Zlieri Relvis gamo.

movidnen Wanebi, dagviWires, Zalian gagvawvales, oci marCili wagvarTves, zandukebi dagvimtvries, daibrales, mebaJeebi varTo.

me macxelebda. agvatares erTi ucxo piraRmarTi. ise SeuZlod viyavi, megona, vkvde-bodi. samoci fluri ubeSi medo, isic wamarTves.

SuaRamisas erTi kacis saxlSi SevediT, daRlilebs wagveZina. ori datvirTuli cxeni gamoegzavnaT. dagvaRviZes, Segvsxes, wamogviyvanes. erTi Turqi jariskaci mogvewia, ube-lo cxenze ijda. wvimaSi sawvimari wamarTva da qveS daifina. me sicivem da wvimam uaresi miyo. viareT. nigalis xevSi xan iq gadagvidgebodnen win da xan iq. gvsjidnen.

movediT artanujSi. isay faSas colma kargad migviRo. kargad mogvasvena. gvavaxSma. Tan Tavisi batonic gamogvayola. artanSi movediT, maSin axalcixeSi aslan faSa ijda, isay faSas biZaSvili. axla is gadagvidga win, eqvsasi marCili iman wagvarTva. sxvac bevri rame wamarTva! ZaRlebic ar gamogvatanes.

movaRwieT Cvens qveyanas... ivlisis Tve iyo. qarTveli episkoposebi da samRvdelo pirebi romSi wasvlis gamo gadamemternen da ise gadaibires yvela (Sekres yoveli): Cemi naTesavi da mefe-darbaiselni, veravin damexmara.

mere samRvdelo pirebi ... SfoTi ... krebis mowveva da boroteba undodaT, magram mefe ver aiyolies. sami Tvis Semdeg baqari dajda mefed, visTvisac amdeni tanjva gada-metana da vis mefobasac vcdilobdi. TxuTmeti wlis iyo da moatyues. Cemi samsaxuri da siyvaruli sul daaviwyes. mcxeTaSi kreba moiwvies da wminda papis gineba momidves(?). me marTlmadidebloba ver uarvyavi. mravali avi moindomes, magram RmerTma gviSvela. mefem pativi mogvago da maTma veragobamac fuWad Caiara. es ambavi vaxtang mefes gaego, Zalian swyenoda da yvela daetuqsa.

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maswavleblisaTvis: gTavazobT

daviT guramiSvilis biografiis vrcel variants

daviT guramiSvilis winaprebi, warmoSobiT mesxi didebulebi, gvarad zedgeniZeebi, yofilan. isini daaxloebiT XV_XVI saukuneebis mijnaze gadmosaxlebulan mesxeT-javaxe-Tidan TurqTa Semosevebis gamo. guramiSvilTa gvar-gujaris damdebi, guram zedgeniZe, wiwamuris batoni yofila. am gvaris warmomadgenelni Sida qarTlis amilaxorebad, anu mefeTa mejinibeTuxucesebad Canan. vaxuStis cnobiT, guramiSvilebi mRvimeli zedgeni-Zeebis STamomavalni arian. qarTveli mefeebis yuradRebas poetis winaprebi èrTgulebiT, TavdadebiTa da namsaxurebiT~ iqcevdnen.

daviT guramiSvili daibada 1705 wels, saqarTvelos Zveli sataxto qalaqis, mcxeTis, maxloblad, mdinare aragvis sanapiroze, sofel gorisubanSi (saguramos Temi). guramiSvi-lebs patriarqaluri (ganuyofeli) ojaxi hqoniaT. Zveli qarTuli wesisamebr, rogorc TavadiSvils Seefereboda, daviTi gauZiZavebiaT glexis ojaxSi.

poets siWabuke Tavis mamulSi, saguramoSi, gautarebia. 17-18 wlisa iqneboda daviTi, roca Cvens qveyanas Tavs didi gasaWiri daatyda: feodaluri SuRliTa da SinaaSlilobiT dauZlurebuli saqarTvelosaTvis gamudmebiT ecilebodnen erTurTs irani da osmaleTi. amas daerTo lekTa TareSi da qarTveli tyveebiT vaWroba. lekTa TareSs bolo ar uCanda. SiSianobis gamo guramiSvilis ojaxi qsnis xeobaSi, sofel lamisyanaSi, gaixizna. poetis pirveli meuRle, aznaur garayaniZis qali, lamisyanidan yofila. daaxloebiT 1727-1728 wlebSi, 22 wlis, axlad SeuRlebuli, daviTi, simamris samkvidrodan, lekebs (poetis gad-mocemiT, isini TxuTmetni yofilan) ise moulodnelad gautaciaT, rom mas winaaRmdegobis gaweva verc ki mouswria. maT daviTi daRestanSi, sofel osoqoloSi miuyvaniaT. lekebi metad udierad epyrobodnen Turme Wabuk poets. daviTi tyveobidan gaparula, magram dauWeriaT da ukan daubrunebiaT. igi tyveobidan meoredac gaparula. amjerad misi mc-deloba warmatebiT damTavrebula. CrdiloeTis varskvlavs dandobili, mSier-mwyurvali SiSvel-titveli poeti TerTmeti dRe miikvlevda gzas da rogorc TviTonve gadmogvcems, rom mxolod am erTxel ar umtyuna fizikurad ganadgurebis zRvramde misuls bedma, mxolod meTormete dRes gauRwevia ̀ saruseTos~, rac misTvis ukve ̀ samSvidobos~ niSnavda. daviTs Tavi Seufarebia Tergis piras mcxovrebi axalmosaxleebisaTvis, romlebsac poeti yazax-rusebad moixseniebs.

mfarveli rusi megobrebis xelSewyobiT, Tergi-astraxanis gziT, 1729 wlisTvis po-eti ukve moskovSia, ltolvili mefis, vaxtang meeqvsis, karze. mefesa da mis vaJebs da-viTi didi pativiT miuRiaT. vaxtang VI-s misTvis sakmaod maRali saxelo(Tanamdeboba) _ jabadarbaSoba (= iaraRis meTvalyureTa ufrosi) uboZebia da karis samsaxurSi auyvania. ruseTs gadaxvewil qarTvelebTan erTad daviTi intensiur kulturul saqmianobas eweo-da. aq mas poeturi niWiT Tavi gamouCenia literaturul paeqrobebSi. kerZod, gamarjveba moupovebia samejliso poetur SejibrebaSi, vaxtangis karis poet javaxiSvilTan. es wlebi misTvis nayofieri gamodga. faqtobrivad, aqedan iwyeba guramiSvilis poeturi biografia.

vaxtang mefis gardacvalebis (1737 w.) Semdeg samSobloSi dabrunebis imeddakargul emigrantebs ruseTis qveSevrdomoba miuRiaT.

daviTs 1738-1760 wlebSi monawileoba miuRia osmaleTis, prusiisa da Sveciis wi-naaRmdeg ruseTis laSqrobebSi. prusiasTan Svidwlian omSi 1758 wlis 15 agvistos gurami-Svili tyved Cavardnila da TiTqmis erTi weli magdeburgis cixe-bastionSi mjdara. mZime da qartexilebiT aRsavse Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb TviTon mogviTxrobs poeti:

àmad vemduri sawuTros, Torem sxva ra maqvs sadao? sad momiyvana sad myofi, kidev mivyevar sadao!~

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1760 wels poruCikis (umcrosi oficris) CiniT daviTs Tavi daunebebia samxedro samsaxurisaTvis da meuRlesTan _ tatiana avaliSvilTan _ erTad dasaxlebula mirgo-rodSi. àqedan iwyeba daviT guramiSvilis _ qarTveli poetis, rusi meomris, ukraineli mxvnel-mTesvelis mSvidobiani, magram SfoTiani cxovreba. aq aago guramiSvilma Tavisi wisqvili, aqedan undoda mas arxebiT gadaegdo wyali ara marto Tavisi mamulis, aramed mTeli im kuTxis miwebis mosarwyavad. aq, am miwaze, werda jangatexili poeti `daviTians~, naRvliani da mgznebare, ironiuli da Rimiliani, xaverdovani da basri striqonebiT~ (mikola baJani). gadis aTeuli wlebi... Tavisi cxovrebis mimwuxrs poets ar asvenebs fiqri samSobloze. ocnebaSi elaciceba igi saTayvanebel mamuls _ saguramosa da zedazens.

miuxedavad momqancveli cxovrebisa, poets mTlad mainc ar Cahqrobia imedis naperwka-li; Zal-Rone moukrebia, daZabul SemoqmedebiT Sromas Sesdgomia da Tavisi leqsebi erT krebulad uqcevia. `sibrme udrood kacs ar aberebs, Tu guli mTlad aqvs, kidec amRereb-so~, _ ambobda cali TvaliT brma, uZluri moxucebuli, magram sulierad mxne da udreki poeti. da es mTeli, gaubzaravi poeturi guli ise amRerebula, rom axlac gvaocebs da gvxiblavs misi warmtaci xmebi.

daviT guramiSvili gardaicvala 1792 wlis 21 ivliss, 87 wlis asakSi. dakrZalulia saxlTan axlos, mirgorodis RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZris ezoSi.

mirgorodSi dResac dgas guramiSvilis patara mokrZalebuli xata(saxli), didi po-etis saxl-muzeumad qceuli, gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliTa da rudunebiT rom uvlian da eferebian ukrainelebi.

didma poetma Rirseulad moixada vali samSoblos winaSe _ misi maradisobisaken gza-gakvleuli daviTiani, erTi mxriv, RvTis WeSmariti sadidebelia, xolo, meore mxriv, mac-nea im didi erovnuli tragediisa, romlis erT-erTi uSualo msxverpli Tavad Seiqna poeti.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisTvis:

mzeWabuk orbeliani

mzeWabuk (Wabua) orbeliani XVIII saukunis meore naxevris cnobili saxelmwifo moR-vawe da mwignobaria. is erekles maxlobeli kariskaci da samefo darbazis TvalsaCino wevria. CvenSi kargad cnobilia mzeWabukis maxvili da moswrebuli sityva, naTeli da fxi-zeli azrovneba; kerZod, dawvrilebiT Seswavlilia besikisa da Wabuas `saTreveli~ miwer-mowera, rac maTi enawylianobis naTlad maCvenebelia. yovelive amis gverdiT Cvenamde moRweulia p. ioselianis redaqciiT Semonaxuli erTi sajaro sityva, romelic mzeWabuks warmouTqvams saxelmwifo darbazSi saqarTvelos gaerTinebis Taobaze. CvenTvis, cxadia, es ukanaskneli faqtia gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo.

xsenebuli sityva iTqva Semdeg pirobebSi: solomon pirvelis gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtis maZiebelTa Soris imereTSi xangrZlivi brZola gaimarTa. erTmaneTs ebrZodnen mefis Zmiswuli _ daviT arCilis Ze da mefis biZaSvili _ daviT giorgis Ze. am viTarebaSi imereTis mowinave Tavadebis jgufma 1792 wels erekle meores amer-imeris gaerTianebis winadadebiT mimarTa.

sakiTxis gadasawyvetad mefem darbazis bWoba gamarTa. mas eswrebodnen imereTis uflebamosili despanebi: qaixosro wereTeli, evTimi genaTeli, dosiTeos quTaTeli, zu-rab wereTeli, ioane abaSiZe da qarTl-kaxeTis warCinebuli adamianebi: mefe erekle, gior-gi meTormete, solomon lioniZe, mzeWabuk orbeliani da sxv.

bWobaze saqarTvelos gaerTianebis sasargeblod mgznebare sityva warmouTqvams mze-

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Wabuk orbelians. es sityva, vfiqrobT, Semoklebuli redaqciiT, moTavsebulia p. ioselia-nis naSromSi: `cxovreba giorgi mecametisa~. aq naTqvamia:

`pirveli da Zlieri xma erTobisaTvis iyo Wabua orbelianisa... mefe sdumebda da br-Zeni Wabua asmenda quxilisa sityvebiTa didsa saqveynosa sargeblobasa~.

mzeWabuk orbelianis sityva anTebulia mxurvale patriotuli paTosiT. oratori pirdapir, mtkiced da gulaxdilad mimarTavs mefes da mourideblad amxels mis moWarbe-bul sifrTxiles. erovnuli Rirsebis amaRlebiT gatacebuli mamuliSvili, romlis devi-zia `mefe erisaTvis da ara eri mefisaTvis~, erekles mouwodebs xalxis samsaxurisaken da amis erT maCveneblad qveynis gaerTianebas miiCnevs. es saRi da naTeli mosazreba orators gamouTqvams paTetikuri toniT, mRelvared da STamagoneblad.

imave bWobaze sityvebi warmouTqvamT anton kaTalikoss, imereTis despans qaixosro wereTels da qarTl-kaxeTis warmomadgenlebs: ioane muxran-batons, sardal daviT orbe-liansa da solomon lioniZes.

darejan dedofalTanac igive ubrZanebia Wabuas: `viyo da merqvas mrCeveli mefisa da vurCevde rasme borotsa? _ vhgoneb iqmneba saqme eSmakisa, borotisa kacisa da qveynis mterisa. mama-papaTa sisxli dauRvriaT qveynisaTvis da mefeTaTvis. var Svili qveynisa da erTguli mefisa. amisTvis gabedviT vityvi da uSiSrad movaxseneb mefesa Cemsa da batonsa Cemsa dedofalsa, sityvaTa amaT~.

xsenebuli sakiTxis gadasawyvetad mefes mesame dRes meored mouwvevia darbazis kre-ba, romelzedac sityvebi warmouTqvamT mzeWabuk orbelians, anton meores, giorgi me-Tormetesa da mefe erekles. maTi sityvebis perifrazuli teqstebi daculia p. ioselianis dasaxelebul wignSi.

yovelive es Cveni sadarbazo oratoruli xelovnebis maRali daniSnulebisa da SesamC-nevi ganviTarebis mauwyebelia Zveli qarTuli mWevrmetyvelebis ukanasknel safexurze.

/ n. kandelaki, qarTuli mWevrmetyveleba, gv. 206-207 /.


ludoviko (lui) XIV, safrangeTis mefe 1643 wlidan, burbonTa dinastiisa, ludo-viko me-13-isa da ana avstrielis Svili, 1851 wlamde regentad hyavda deda, faqtobrivad ki 1661 wlamde safrangeTs marTavda kardinali mazarini. 1661 w. kardinalis gardacvale-bis Semdeg lui me-14 safrangeTis erTpirovnuli mmarTveli gaxda. mefis absolutizmma miaRwia mwvervals. mas uwodeben `mefe mzes~, masve miaweren cnobil gamoTqmas: `saxelmwi-fo _ es me var!~ misi survili iyo, safrangeTs mieRwia evropul qveynebze batonobisaTvis. am mizniT awarmoebda omebs mezobel qveynebTan. am omebma, mZime gadasaxadebma, religiu-ri niSniT devnam (hugenotebi) misi xelisufleba xalxisaTvis autaneli gaxada da daiwyo glexTa gamosvlebi, ramac XVII s-is bolos gamoiwvia mefis xelisuflebis mwvave krizisi.

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nikoloz baraTaSvili `bedi qarTlisa~

* * * cnobilia, rom n. baraTaSvilma `bedi qarTlisa~ XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, kerZod,

1839 wels dawera. am droisaTvis 38 weli iyo gasuli mas Semdeg, rac ruseTis imperiam saqarTvelo daipyro.

`bedi qarTlisas~ siuJets safuZvlad udevs realuri istoriuli movlena _ aRa-mahmad-xanis mier 1795 wels Tbilisis aReba, ramac, faqtobrivad, qarTl-kaxeTis same-fos momavali bedi ganapiroba. magram, rogorc amboben, erovnuli problematika poemaSi sagrZnoblad saxeSecvlilia _ krwanisis brZolis Semdeg gamarTuli erekle mefisa da solomon leoniZis kamaTi Tavisi SinaarsiT ukve XIX saukuneSi momxdar ambebs iTvaliswi-nebs. ese igi, mefe da msajuli poemaSi, arsebiTad, saqarTvelos, rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifos, yofna-aryofnaze msjeloben da ara ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS misi Sesvlis mizanSewonilobaze. aseTi Sinaarsis saubari ereklesa da mis msajuls Soris sinamdvileSi ver Sedgeboda, radgan orive maTganisaTvis erTnairad ucxo iyo erovnuli ̀ Tavisuflebis gansyidvis~ idea. realurad erekles gegma mxolod Zlieri mfarvelis daxmarebas iTva-liswinebda.

istoriuli masala n. baraTaSvilma Tavisi drois aqtualuri problematikis gada-saWrelad gamoiyena. amdenad, poemis kiTxvisas yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ara erekle meorisa da solomon leoniZis poziciebis istoriul sisworeze, aramed axal epoqaSi, XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis damarcxebis Semdeg erovnuli cxovre-bisa da moqmedebisaTvis realurad SesaZlebeli, mizanSewonili gzis amorCevaze.

* iseT literaturul xerxs, romelSic garkveuli TvalsazrisiT darRveulia qrono-logiuri Tanamimdevroba, Secvlilia istoriuli realoba an erTi istoriuli epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena da niSan-Tviseba sxva epoqaSia gadatanili, anaqronizmi ewodeba.

anaqronizms avtorebi ZiriTadad Segnebulad, mizanmimarTulad mimarTaven, am gziT amkveTreben mxatvrul nawarmoebSi Seqmnil realobas da ase gamoxataven nawarmoebis ideas an mTavar saTqmels.

swored am xerxs iyenebs nikoloz baraTaSvili poemaSi `bedi qarTlisa~.

istoriuli viTareba

1781-1782 wlebSi mefe ereklem evropis saxelmwifoebTan politikuri kavSiris gabma da maTgan daxmarebis miReba scada. erekles esmoda, rom saqarTvelos xsna da gaZliereba mxolod qveynis evropulad gardaqmnis gziT iyo SesaZlebeli. am mcdelobidan araferi gamovida, radgan kavkasiaSi osmaleTsa da ruseTs TavianTi interesebi hqondaT da maT evropelTa fexis mokideba saqarTveloSi xels ar aZlevdaT. amrigad, erekles winaSe aseTi arCevani dadga: irani, osmaleTi an ruseTi. saqarTvelos Tavisufalsa da damoukidebels arc erTi maTgani ar datovebda. mudmivi omebiT dasustebulma saqarTvelom energiulad daiwyo moqmedeba erTmorwmune ruseTTan daaxloebisaTvis. 1783 wels georgievskSi xeli moaweres traqtats, romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelo ruseTis umaRles Zalauflebasa da mfarvelobas aRiarebda, ruseTi ki kisrulobda saqarTvelos dacvas gareSe mtrebisa-gan. politikuri damoukideblobis daTmobiT erekle iran-osmaleTis agresiisagan Tavisi qveynis sabolood gamoxsnas lamobda. amitomac irCia man gza evropisaken _ ruseTis sa-SualebiT.

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erekle eswrafvoda ara samefos gauqmebas, aramed mis ganmtkicebas ruseTis imperia-sTan samokavSireo urTierTobis gziT. megobruli xelSekruleba SeTanxmebul sagareo politikis warmoebasa da megobrobaze aRmocenebul urTierTobas gulisxmobda.

mefe erekles arCevaniT ganrisxebuli aRa-mahmad-xani 1795 wels Semoesia saqarTve-los. krwanisis velze sisxlismRvreli Setakebis Semdeg man aaoxra Tbilisi da misi Se-mogareni. am omSi ruseTi saqarTvelos ar daxmarebia. miuxedavad amisa, ereklem ufro metad gaaZliera ruseTTan kavSiri. mefis am politikas maSindel TavadaznaurobaSi bevri mowinaaRmdege hyavda.

1798 wels erekle gardaicvala, taxtze avida misi vaJi giorgi XII, magram 1801 wels isic gardaicvala da amiT bagrationTa dinastiis mefobac damTavrda. solomonis opo-ziciuri moRvaweoba gaaqtiurda erekles Zis _ giorgi meTormetis gardacvlebis Semdeg, roca rusebma kanonieri memkvidre daviTi taxtze ar auSves da samefo gauqmebulad ga-moacxades. solomonma daviTis meryeobis periodSi patimroba da devnilobac ki gamoca-da, is jer imereTSi, Semdeg axalcixeSi gadavida da iq (zogierTi varaudiT, sparseTSi) aResrula.

politikuri xrikebiTa da Sinauri mouwesrigeblobiT Zalagamoclilma qarTve-lebma TbilisSi `samSvidobo misiiT~ myof aTiaTasian jars winaaRmdegoba ver gauwies. rusebma qarTl-kaxeTi faqtobrivad ubrZolvelad daipyres. qveynis marTva-gamge-obis saqme mTlianad ruseTis xelSi gadavida, 1801 wels saqarTvelom sabolo-od dakarga damoukidebloba da qarTl-kaxeTi ruseTis guberniad gamocxadda.

saqarTveloSi did imedebs amyarebdnen am SeerTebaze, miaCndaT, rom erTmorwmune qveyana maT aRmosavleli dampyroblebisagan daifaravda, magram droTa viTarebaSi qarTve-li aristokratia mixvda, rom ruseTs mxolod sakuTari interesebi hqonda saqarTveloSi da daukavSirda Tavad-aznaurTa im fenas, romelic Tavidanve ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTTan SeerTebas.

XIX saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi ruseTis winaaRmdeg bevri ajanyeba moxda mTiuleTis _ 1804, kaxeTis _ 1812, imereTis _ 1821, guriis _ 1841, magram gansakuTre-

biT mniSvnelovania 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba, romelSic im epoqis TiTqmis yvela qarTveli mwerali da moazrovne monawileobda. am SeTqmulebas umTavresad erTi mizani hqonda: ruseTis gandevna saqarTvelodan da adgilobrivi marTva-gamgeobis damyareba. SeTqmulTa nawili saqarTveloSi kvlav bagrationTa dinastiis aRdgenaze ocnebobda, nawili ki mxars uWerda qveynis respublikur mowyobas. azrTa sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, SeTqmulTa Zi-riTadi mizani iyo ruseTis gandevna saqarTvelodan da qveynis damoukideblobis aRdgena.

SeTqmuleba amjeradac marcxiT damTavrda. imave wlis 9 dekembers misma erT-erTma wevrma, iase falavandiSvilma, SeTqmuleba gasca, rasac ruseTis xelisuflebis mxridan SeTqmulTa mimarT represiebi mohyva.

SeTqmulebis damarcxebis Semdeg qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis erTi nawili ruseTis erTgulebis gzas daadga da imperatoris samsaxurSi Cadga; aseve moiqca inteligenciis nawilic.

1832 wlis SeTqmulebis damarcxebam xalxSi sasowarkveTileba gamoiwvia. rus moxele-Ta TavaSvebuloba ufro da ufro autaneli xdeboda. marTalia, qarTveli inteligencia aSkara winaaRmdegobas veRar bedavda, magram Tavisi qveynisa da xalxis beds igi uwindebu-rad mZimed ganicdida.

aseTi iyo istoriuli foni, baraTaSvilis `bedi qarTlisa~ rom daiwera.

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silabusi

sagani: qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi: IX

maswavlebeli: . . . . sagnis Sesaxeb:

erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi centraluri adgili ukavia qarTul enas, romelic saqarTvelos skolebSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis saxelwodebiT iswavleba.

qarTuli ena mxolod erT-erTi saswavlo sagani ki ar aris, aramed, sxva saganTa-gan gansxvavebiT, swavlebis enaa, yvela danarCeni sagnis Seswavlis saSualebaa. qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis birTvs warmoadgens ena, rogorc pirovnebis TviTga-moxatvis, azris Camoyalibebisa da gadacemis saSualeba. enobrivi unar-Cvevebi unda war-movidginoT ara rogorc maTi SemTxveviTi nakrebi, aramed rogorc erTi mTliani sistema. man xeli unda Seuwyos pirovnebis piradi, cxovrebiseuli, socialuri Tu profesiuli sirTuleebis damoukideblad daZlevis process. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom qveda safexurze SeZenili unari Tavadve iqceodes axal unar-CvevaTa ganviTarebis wya-rod swavlebis momdevno safexurze, vlindebodes kompleqsur pirovnul aqtivobaSi, in-teraqtiur mimarTebebSi, sakomunikacio iniciativis, damoukidebeli kritikuli analizi-sa da siaxleTa prezentaciis survilSi.

swavlebis am safexurze Cveni mizania:

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba saSualo skolaSi unda warimarTos da swavlebis mizani ganisazRvros imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pirovnebis saerTo kultura, sakomunikacio da profesiuli unar-Cvevebi swored qarTuli enis safuZvelze yalibdeba, is qmnis im ZiriTad baziss, romelsac efuZneba adamianis Tavisufali ganviTarebis mTeli Semdgomi procesi. am sagnis prioritetuli miznebia:

* ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sametyvelo unarebi (wera, kiTxva, mosmena, saubari);

* gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kultura;

* ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri TanamimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;

* Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literturis, rogorc sityvis xelovnebisa da kulturis faqtis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari;

* gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio kultura, rogorc cvlilebisa da ganviTarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.

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wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi

mimarTuleba:

zepirmetyveleba kiTxva wera

1. moswavle ismens da IX. 6. moswavle kiTxulobs IX. 9. moswavle warmoadgens auditoriis teqstebs (mxatvruls da ara- werilobiT gad-winaSe sxvadasxva Tval- mxatvruls), romlebic Sei- moscems sakuTar sazriss sadavo an prob- caven sxvadasxva Tvalsaz- Tvalsazriss sa-lemur sakiTxze. riss problemur an sadavo davo an proble- sakiTxebze da gamoxatavs mur sakiTxebze; sakuTar damokidebulebas ajamebs gansxva- wakiTxulis mimarT. vebul Sexedule- bebs mocemul sakiTxze.

IX. 2. ismens da afasebs IX. 7. moswavle iyenebs IX. 10. moswavle diskusiis monawileTa azrs, enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis werilobiT gad-mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris moscems detalurstrategiebs, metyvelebas sakomunikacio codnas, teqstebisamocanisa da auditoriis struqturis asaxsnelad. informacias, gan-gaTvaliswinebiT. gansxvavebul Tval- sazriss.

IX. 3. moswavle msjelobs IX. 8. moswavle iyenebs IX. 11. moswavle ir-gansxvavebuli teqstebis kiTxvis miznis Sesabamis Cevs werilobiTienobriv Taviseburebebze. strategiebs. teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da auditoriis ga- TvaliswinebiT.

IX. 4. moswavle amoicnobs IX. 12. moswavle da iyenebs diskusiisa icavs werilobiTida kamaTis ZiriTad enobriv teqstis struqturasmaxasiaTeblebs. da enobriv normebs.

IX. 5. moswavle iyenebs IX. 13. moswavle diskusiisa da kamaTis efeqturi organize-

bisaTvis.

33

silabusis nimuSi, romlis mixedviTac maswavlebels SeuZliamTeli wlis programa gaanawilos saaTebis mixedviT saswavlo wlis(33 kvira + 4 dRe = 167sT) ganmavlobaSi.

romeli unar-Cvevis risi swavleba aqtivobebi ris ganviTarebas gvinda? (davalebebi emsaxureba TariRi (Temis rubrikebi (kavSiri erovnuli resursebi saTauri) savarjiSoebi...) saswavlo gegmasTan SedegebTan)

1. ana kalandaZe, `modioda nino mTebiT~ (2 sT);2. leonti mroveli, `ninos cxovreba~ /SemoklebiT / _ (7 sT);3. SoTa niSnianiZe, `zedazeni~ _ (1 sT);4. daviT aRmaSenebeli, ànderZi~ _ (3 sT);5. daviT aRmaSenebeli, `galobani sinanulisani~ _ (2 sT);6. ana kalandaZe, `fexi damadgiT~ (2 sT);7. arsen iyalToeli, `daviT aRmaSeneblis epitafia~ (1 sT);8. ak. wereTeli, `Tornike erisTavi~ (15 sT);9. vaJa-fSavela, `kai yma~ (2 sT);10. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ _ avTandilis anderZi (4 sT);11. ilia WavWavaZe, `dae, Tund movkvde~ (1 sT);12. TeTrCoxiani da SavCoxianebi ( 3 sT);13. xvaramzes leqsi _ xalxuri (2 sT);14. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ _ `wigni nestan-darejanisa sayvarelTan miwe-

rili~ (4 sT);15. besiki, `tano tatano~ (2 sT);16. Stefan cvaigi, ùcnobi qalis werili~ (7 sT);17. ana kalandaZe, `broweulebi~ (1 sT);18. paolo iaSvili, `darianuli~ (2 sT);19. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `sayure~ (2 sT);20. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `werili maiko orbelianisadmi~ (3 sT);21. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `suli oboli~ (1 sT);22. terenti graneli, `gulidan sisxlis wveTebi~ (2 sT);23. terenti graneli, `gazafxulis saRamo~ (1 sT);24. valerian gafrindaSvili, `sentimentaluri trioleti~ (2 sT);25. rezo WeiSvili, `musika qarSi~ _ / `lurji frinveli~/ (3 sT);26. riCard baxi, `Tolia jonaTan livingstoni~ (7 sT);27. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `mogzauroba evropaSi~ (6 sT);28. muxran maWavariani, `saba~ (2sT);29. daviT guramiSvili, `daviTiani~ / miTiTebuli Tavebi / (8 sT);30. ilia WavWavaZe, `sarCobelazed~ (8 sT);31. mixeil javaxiSvili, èSmakis qva~ (6 sT);32. giorgi leoniZe, `marita~ (8 sT);

34

33. mzeWabuk orbeliani, `sityva Tqmuli darbazSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Taoba-ze~ (2 sT);

34. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `bedi qarTlisa~ (10 sT);35. niko lorTqifaniZe, `saSobao miniaturebi~ (4 sT);36. niko lorTqifaniZe, `literaturuli saRamo~ (2sT);37. goderZi Coxeli, `marTa~ (7 sT);38. muxran maWavariani, `saSvels rom aRar maZlevs~ (1 sT);

morCenili saaTebi maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos damoukidebeli werisaTvis da Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.

Documents

qarTuli ena da literatura 9eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/1972/1/QARTULI ME-9 MASWAVLEBLIS...qarTuli ena da literatura maswavleblis wigni 9 gamomcemloba `meridiani~ Tbilisi 2012 grifi mieniWa