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Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan PuraPharm International (H.K.) Ltd Hisayoshi Norimoto, Ph.D. 香港中成藥註冊之品質 標準專題講座 II 香港中成藥註冊之檢測 技術交流會 II 日本漢方藥註冊及品質管理 日期︰20161214日(下午) 地點:生產力大樓四樓會議廳

Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

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Page 1: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan

PuraPharm International (H.K.) Ltd

Hisayoshi Norimoto, Ph.D.

香港中成藥註冊之品質標準專題講座 II 暨

香港中成藥註冊之檢測技術交流會 II

日本漢方藥註冊及品質管理

日期︰2016年12月14日(下午)地點:生產力大樓四樓會議廳

Page 2: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

1. 日本藥品註冊制度

2. 漢方薬的註冊和品質管理

今日的介紹内容

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医薬品の定義及び分類

1.日本薬局方に収められているもの2.人や動物の疾病の診断・治療・予防に使用されていることが目的とされているもの3.人や動物の身体の構造や機能に影響を及ぼすことが目的とされているもの

※2, 3 機器器具、歯科材料、医療用品及び衛生用品を除く

処方箋医薬品

それ以外の医療用医薬品

医療用医薬品 一般用医薬品

第 I 類医薬品

指定第 II 類医薬品第 II 類医薬品

第 III 類医薬品

医薬部外品

「薬事法」

薬事法では医薬品ではないが、医薬品に準ずるもの等定義されている。(発毛剤、除毛剤、コンタクレンズ装着薬、など)

正当な理由なければ処方箋なしで販売できないもの(災害時、救急救命処置などの場合)

一般用医薬品では対応できないなどやむを得ない場合、必要最小限の販売個数に限定、記録に順守すれば、(薬局において薬剤師の対面販売を行うが可能)

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医薬品製造販売業の分類

医薬品

医薬品小売販売業

医薬品製造販売業

店舗販売業

配置販売業

卸売販売業

お店を構えて販売したい

医薬品を配置後払いで販売したい

医療機関に販売したい

既存の医薬品を販売したい

自社で開発した医薬品を販売したい海外から輸入した医薬品を販売したい

製造販売業の許可

製造販売業の承認

1. 自社製造のものを販売2. 他に委託して製造したものを販売3. 輸入医薬品を販売

郵便等販売

取り扱う医薬品の品目ごとに「承認」を受ける(厚生労働大臣)

Online 販売等

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承認申請(Registration)

医療用医薬品申請区分 一般用医薬品申請区分

1. 新有効成分=新薬

2. 新医療用配合剤=配合割合が異なるもの

3. 新投与経路

4. 新効能

5. 新剤型

6. 新用量

7. バイオ後続品

8. 剤型追加に係るもの:

成分、投与経路、効能、用法、用量が同じ、剤型や含量が異なる

9. 類似処方医療薬配合剤

10. その他医薬品=後発医薬品(generic)

第 I 類医薬品

指定第 II 類医薬品第 II 類医薬品

第 III 類医薬品

1. 新有効成分

2. 新投与経路

4. 新効能

5. 新剤型

6. 新用量

1. 新有効成分

2. 新投与経路

4. 新効能

5. 新剤型

6. 新用量

7. 類似処方一般用配合剤

8. 類似剤型一般用医薬品、等

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PMDA

厚生労働大臣

治験届30日審査

審査報告書

研究開発

非臨床試験 臨床試験(治験) 承認申請

承認

市販

製造管理及び品質管理

治験相談

薬事戦略相談:大学、研究機関、ベンチャー企業

安全対策業務

健康被害対策業務

審査関連業務

有望なシーズの発見

医薬品・医療機器候補選定

医薬品、医療機器、再生医療等製品に係るGLP省令

医薬品、医療機器、再生医療等製品に係るGLP省令

GMP省令 QMS省令 GCTP省令

薬事・食品衛生審議会厚 生 労 働 省

承認審査機構(PMDA)

医薬品製造業者はデータ提出

1~1.5年

独立行政法人医薬品医療機器総合機構(PMDA;Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency)

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①先発医薬品の再審先発医薬品と同等の品質、生物学的同等性査期間が終了していること。②が確保されていること。

③薬効再評価の指定中の場合、再評価に係る資料が添付されていること。

後発医療用医薬品の承認申請要件

・先発医薬品と有効成分及びその含量、用法及び用量、効能又は効果が同一であり、貯蔵方法及び

有効期間、品質管理のための規格及び試験方法が同等以上であること。

・生物学的同等性を有すること。

・放出制御機構などを有するものについては、その機構が著しく異ならないこと。

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後発医療用医薬品承認審査

MF登録業者

総合機構規格基準部

PMDA一般薬等審査部

申請者

都道府県

PMDA品質管理部

GMP適合性調査権者

情報提供・連絡

照会

回答

変更登録・軽微変更を支持

情報提供変更登録申請軽微変更届

照会

回答

承認申請

差し替え指示

差し替え

適合性調査

GMP適合性調査申請

GMP適合性調査

疑義照会

厚生労働省

承認

GMP適合性結果通知

審査等結果通知

Page 9: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

1. 日本藥品註冊制度

2. 漢方薬的註冊和品質管理

今日的介紹内容

Page 10: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Traditional Medicine Products in Japan

2. Conventional crude drug product (生薬製剤)

1. Kampo extract product(漢方エキス製剤 or 漢方製剤)

Ethical Kampo extract Product(医療用漢方製剤)

OTC Kampo extract Product(一般用漢方製剤)

1) Single crude drug product(単味生薬製剤)

2) Combination crude drug product(配合生薬製剤)

3) Western herbal medicine product(西洋ハーブ)

GranuleTabletCapsule

TinctureSyrupsPowder

Tablet

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In 1970’s, 210 Kampo formulas designated as OTC/Ethical drug.

from “Shang Han Lun” & “Jin KuiYao Lue”, and other classicalChinese medicine Works

Japanese Folk Formulas

210 Kampo Formulas Designated as OTC or Ethical Drug

Granule technology was developed in 1950’s.

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Quality Highly Affects Herbal Products’ Efficacy and Safety

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Many Factors Contributed to the Quality of Herbal Medicine

Intrinsic Factors Extrinsic Factors

GACP Specification GMP

Species differences, organ specificity, seasonal variations, etc. Environmental factors, collection and process methods, etc.

GACP: Good agricultural and collection practicesGMP: Good Manufacturing Practice

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Official Specifications (Raw materials & Products)

日本薬局方

Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) Japanese Herbal Medicine Codex

(non-JP standard)Kampo extract listed for the first time in 2006

(the 15 edition JP)

1) Raw Materials 2) Kampo Extract (Product)

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Quality Control Study in Kampo Manufacturing

Kampo preparation, mainly granules were launched into market.1970’s…

1993…

Self-imposed GMP Guidelines for ethical Kampo preparations.

2006…

Self-imposed GMP Guidelines for OTC Kampo preparations.

1980-84… Government-driven research on QC of Kampo medicine started.

1985.5… Published a notification on how to build QC in manufacture.

1988…

National Quality Standard was built for the first time.

Advocated use “Standard decoction” to make quality control in manufacture.

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Using more than two chemical

markers to keep their

equivalence

Standard decoction Kampo extract products

The concept “Standard decoction (標準湯剤)” is defined as a method toprepare a “decoction” with water under controlled conditions (such asextract temperature and time). Use at least 2-3 chemical constituents aschemical makers to assess the quality of Kampo preparations andstandard decoction in comparison of each other.

Final Product’s Quality Asked to Compare with Standard Decoction in Order to Reach “Equivalence”

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Registration of Kampo Medicines (Ethical)?

①先発医薬品の再審先発医薬品と同等の品質、生物学的同等性査期間が終了していること。②が確保されていること。

③薬効再評価の指定中の場合、再評価に係る資料が添付されていること。

・先発医薬品と有効成分及びその含量、用法及び用量、効能又は効果が同一であり、貯蔵方法及び

有効期間、品質管理のための規格及び試験方法が同等以上であること。

・生物学的同等性を有すること。

・放出制御機構などを有するものについては、その機構が著しく異ならないこと。

?

Page 18: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Plantation Raw Materials Extract Product (Granules)

1. Residual pesticides2. Heavy metal, arsenic3. Aflatoxin4. Insect Damage in Storage

2. Heavy metal, arsenic

5. Microbial test6. GMP

1. Residual pesticides

3. Aflatoxin

5. Microbial test6. GMP

Quality Control in the Process of Manufacturing(JP + Self-imposed Standard)

Storage Condition:Temperature: ≤ 15℃Humidity: ≤ 60%RH

GACP

Page 19: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Standards for Medicinal Plant Materials in Japan

IssuedEdition

Published Year

Crude drug Numbers

Main Modification

JP1 1886 97

JP7 1961 176 Due to adverse effects of western medicine became a serious social issue from 1955 to 1960, the needs of Kampo was increasing. The crude drug items was increased to 176.

JP10 1986 Some crude drugs from animal tissue such as Rhino horn (犀角)、Moschus (麝香)were deleted from list according to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulation.

JP12 1991 Japanese Herbal Medicine Codex (non-JP standard)

JP14 2001 Processed Aconite Root (附子)was officially listed in JP.

JP15 2006 207 1. Kampo extract (5 items) was listed in JP for the first time.2. 38 kind of crude drug’s heavy metal and As tests were added to purity test

JP16 2011 275 11 items of Kampo extract were added.

JP17 2016 323 Total 33 Kampo extract are listed in JP17.

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Official Specifications (Raw Materials) in JP

1. Name (Japanese, English, Latin name)

2. Origin & Medicinal part & preparation process

3. Content of constituents (limit)

4. Description

5. Identification (TLC test)

6. Purity Test (heavy metals, arsenic, pesticide residues)

7. Loss on drying

8. Total ash

9. Acid-insoluble ash

10. Assay (chemical marker, HPLC)

11 Extract content (soluble in diluted ethanol, water ether)

11. Containers & Storage

Page 21: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

National Standard for Kampo Extracts Released in 2006

1. Gegen-Tang Extract 葛根湯

2. Chailing-Tang Extract 柴苓湯

3. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San Extract 加味逍遥散

4. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang Extract 補中益気湯

5. Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan-Tang Extract 苓桂朮甘湯

6. Da-Huang-Gan-Cao-Tang Extract 大黄甘草湯

7. Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan Extract 桂枝茯苓丸

8. Ban-Xia-Hou-Pe-Tang Extract 半夏厚朴湯

9. Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan Extract 八味地黄丸

10. Niu-Che-Shen-Qi-Wan Extract 牛車腎気湯

11. Zhenwu-Tang Extract 真武湯

2006 (JP15th)

Supplement I (2)

Supplement II (3)

Total 33 Kampo extracts are listed in 17th JP (2016)

2011 (JP16th)・・・

Other 11

Total 22

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Official Specifications (Kampo Extract) in JP

1. Name (Japanese, English, Latin name)

2. Content of Chemical markers (Limit)

3. Method of Preparation

4. Description

5. Identification (TLC)

6. Purity Test (heavy metals, arsenic, pesticide residues)

7. Loss on drying

8. Total ash

9. Acid-insoluble ash

10. Assay (chemical marker, HPLC)

11 Extract content (soluble in diluted ethanol, water ether)

11. Containers & Storage

Page 23: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Novel Traditional Medicine Items added to JP17 (2016)

ItemsJP16 JP16 (2001) JP17 (2016)

(2001) Supplement I Supplement II (△ = vs JP16)

Kampo extract Products 22 24 28 33 (△11)

Crude drugs 161 169 171 176 (△15)

Crude Powder 55 55 55 55 ( △0)

Others 37 58 59 59 (△22)

Crude drugs & products 253 282 285 290 (△37)

Total 275 306 313 323 (△48)

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Modifications in Identification & Purity Test

Modification in TLC test Numbers Items

TLC Test 13 Gancha, Yichehao, Shanyao and its powder, Suosha and its Powder, Shenma, Zexie and its powder, Zhimu, Bohe, Muxiang, Lianqiao

Chemical Marker used in TLC test 6

Gancha (amacha Dihydroisocoumarin ), Shanyao (allantoin), Suosha (borneol acetyl ester), Shenma (Isoferulic acid ferulic acid),Zexie (mixure of Zexie triterpene)Zhimu (Sarsasapogenin)

TLC(developing distance from 10cm to 7cm) 20

Huixiang, Huixiang oil, Huixiang powder, Hungqi, Gegen, Qianghuo, Gouji, Guipi and its powder, Niubangzi, Zigen, Jili, Xinyi, Tianma, Taoren and its powder, Beimu, Pipa leaf, Longdan powder, Baihe

Heavy metal Test Numbers Items

Crude Drugs 6 Weilingxian, Ganjiang, Xixin, Duhuo, Muxiang, Qianhu

Kampo Extract 3Huanglian-Jiedu-Tang (Pb, <5ppm)Caihu-Guizhi-Tang (Pb, <5ppm)Xiaoqinglong-Tang (Cd, <1ppm)

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Modifications in Glycyrrhiza(Content of Glycyrrhizic acid & Its Assay Method)

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Quality Control in Residual Pesticides(JP+ JKMA’s Self-imposed Standard)

Target Standard Categories Pesticides Limit Application

CrudeDrugs JP

Organochloric Total BHC 0.2 ppm Huangqi, yuanzhi, gancao, guipi, hongshen, xixin, shanzhuyu,senna, suye, dazao, chenpi, Ginseng, pipaye, mudanpi (14)

Total DDT 0.2 ppm

Products

JKMA-Standard

JKMA: Japan KampoManufacturers Association

Organochloric Total BHC 0.2 ppm huangqi, yuanzhi, gancao, guipi, xixin, shanzhuyu, suye,dazao, chenpi,, pipaye and mudanpi Ginseng, hongshen andsenna (13)Total DDT 0.2 ppm

Organophosphoric

Parathion 0.5 ppm

Yunazhi, Shanzhuyu, Suye and Chenpi (4)Methylparathion 0.2 ppm

Methidathion 0.2 ppm

Malathion 1.0ppm

Pyrethroid Fenvalerate 1.5ppm Yuanzhi, suye, Dazao, Chenpi and Pipaye (5)

Cypermethrin 1.0ppm

Total BHC: a-BHC, b-BHC, g-BHC, d-BHCTotal DDT: p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD

JKMA: Japan Kampo Medicine Manufactures Association

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Quality Control in Heavy Metals(JP + Self-imposed Standard)

Heavy Metals All-lot Test Monitoring

JP* (colorimetry) ICP-MS

As ◎ ◎

Cd

◎Control in Total Content test

Hg ◎

Pb ◎

Bi ̶

Sn ̶

Cu ̶

Sb ̶ICP-MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

JP*: in 2016 (JP17), ICP-MS, ICP-AES, Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, AAS are added to JP 17 (2016).

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Microbial Limit Test in JP

Microorganisms Limit

Microbial TestAerobic bacteria 103 cfu/g

Fungi (Molds and yeasts) 102 cfu/g

Specific microorganism testEscherichia coli not detected

Salmonella not detectedCFU:Colony Forming Unit

Page 29: Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan & Herbal ... · Registration and Quality Control of Kampo Medicine in Japan ... Syrups Powder Tablet. In 1970’s ... Microbial test 6

Traditional Medicine Products in Japan

2. Conventional crude drug product (生薬製剤)

1. Kampo extract product(漢方エキス製剤 or 漢方製剤)

Ethical Kampo extract Product(医療用漢方製剤)

OTC Kampo extract Product(一般用漢方製剤)

1) Single crude drug product(単味生薬製剤)

2) Combination crude drug product(配合生薬製剤)

3) Western herbal medicine product(西洋ハーブ)

GranuleTabletCapsule

TinctureSyrupsPowder

Tablet

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1975… 2013

Disposition虚 実Weak Strong

210 Kampo formulas 294 Kampo formulas

Formula Name

[Composition][Dosage][Indications][Description]・Origin・ References

Standard for OTC Kampo Approval:OTC Kampo Formulas has increased to 294 from 210.

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For Using OTC Kampo Properly

http://www.nihs.go.jp/dpp/kampo-anzen/index.html

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Red Vine Leaf Extract(Bio-actuve ingredient Flaven)

Vitex Agnus Castus Extract(Chaste tree berry)

Germany (Supplement)

Swiss (Supplement)

Japan (1-class OTC drug)

Japan(Switch OTC drug)

Antistax® Healthy Active Leg Tablets are based on the uniquebio-active ingredient Flaven™. Flaven™ is a powerfulantioxidant that will strengthen and protect your veins fromthe inside, thereby improving the blood flow and reducingswelling.

For premenstrual discomforts such as headaches, skin problems,slight feeling of tightness in the breasts, discomfort in the lowerabdomen, as well as mood swings, irritability, tiredness andsleeping problems and traditionally in cases of menoxenia (toofrequent or infrequent periods).

Western Traditional Herb Medicines Approved as OTC-drug in 2011

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Hongkong Will Be a Leading Global Force for the Modernization of Herbal Medicine

The Modernization of Herbal Medicine

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Thank you very much for your kind attention!