Questions to examine…•Why has the Earth’s population grown so fast?•How does population affect the planet and our communities?•What is “culture” and what parts of our lives make up our culture?•What types of government exist in the world today?

Day 1 – Earth’s Population500 AD – 190 million people on Earth1000 – 265 million people on Earth1500 – 425 million people on Earth1800 – 860 million people on Earth1900 – 1.7 billion people on Earth2000 – 7 billion people2050 – 9 million people?

PopulationPopulation- the total number of people in a

given area

Population influences…

Population Population has a huge impact on our lives!

It is an important part of geography.

Geographers study population to understand….

How many people live in an areaWhy people live where they doHow populations change over time

Examining Statistics3 key things to learn about population

changes:1. Birth rate

2. Death rate

3. Rate of natural increase +/-

BirthrateBirthrate- the annual number of births per

1,000 people.(US birth rate in 2013?13.66 births/1,000 women)

-Highest birth rates:Africa – Niger, Mali,

Burkina Faso (Approx. 50 births/1,000)

Death rateDeath rate is the exact opposite of birthrate.

-Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people

Highest –South Africa – 17.3 deaths/1,000

(US- about 8.3 deaths/1,000 people)

Natural Increase Formula

Birthrate – Deathrate = Percentage of Natural Increase

(US = .5%)(Niger = 3.6%)

http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Topic/Map.aspx?ind=16&fmt=16&tf=3&loc=249,250,251,252,253,254,34227,255,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,294,295

Population DensityPopulation density- A measure of the number of

people living in an area.

Formula for Population Density: Total Population Total Land Area

( sq.miles)

Population DensityPopulation density is measured in people

per square mile or square kilometer.

- More dense = more people = more heavily populated

- Where do you think the most densely populated area in the

world is?

Population DensityEast China is the most densely populated area in the world

Day 2 - Population

Population ChangeWhy would the study of population be

important?

Studying population is important because it affects housing, jobs,

hospitals, schools, food

Population DensityPopulation density is measured in people

per square mile or square kilometer.

- More dense = more people = more heavily populated

Population DensityJapan (High Population Density)880 people per square mile

Mongolia (Low Population Density)5 people per square mile

Why Might an Area Not be Very Populated?Some areas aren’t very populated because…

conditions are not favorable for living!

Example: Greenland

Parts of far North AmericaNorthern AsiaAustralia

What do you think the population density is of the US?

Find the Population Density of…The population density of the USA is 84

people/sq.mile1. Australia

Population = 20,264,082Land Area = 2,941,283

2. Taiwan Population = 23,036,087Land Area = 12,456

3. RwandaPopulation = 8,648,248Land Area = 9,633

Find the Population Density of…The population density of the USA is 84

people/sq.mile1. Australia

Population = 20,264,082 6.88 people/sq. mileLand Area = 2,941,283

2. Taiwan Population = 23,036,087 1849.39 people/sq.

mileLand Area = 12,456

3. RwandaPopulation = 8,648,248897.77 people/sq. mileLand Area = 9,633

People ExplosionWhy has Earth’s population exploded in the

last 2oo years?

Better health care/medicineBetter sanitationBetter food production

Current Trend = growthin developing nations

Population Changes Through…1. Births2. Deaths3. Migration – people moving from one area to

anotherMany people who migrate are refugees –

people fleeing violence, warfare, or persecution

Ex. – North Africans crossing Mediterranean - Syrians leaving Syria - Rohinga Muslims fleeing Myanmar

More people = More problemsHigher demand for energyHigher demand for water and foodHigher demand for goods (cars, TVs,

phones)Higher amount of pollutionLack of jobsHigher amount of povertyHigher amount of crimeOver-crowdingDisease spreads more easily

Day 3 - Culture

CultureSet of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people has in common

Culture includes many different aspects of life…FoodLanguageClothesMusicReligionArts/Sports

What is American teenage culture?

Cultural TraitAn activity or behavior in which people

often take part

Local Global

Culture Region

Culture Region- an area in which people have many shared culture traits (religion, language, lifestyle)

Are there cultural regions in the United States?

Culture Regions in the US

- Hawaii- The South

- Rural America- Urban America- The Northeast

- California- Southwest

Cultural DiversityEthnic group –a group of people who share a

common culture and ancestry

Cultural diversity- the state of having a variety of cultures in the same area

Cultures with many different ethnic groups are culturally diverse. (this is the US!)

Cultural DiversityDiversity can sometimes lead to conflict…-Rwanda: 1990s, Hutus & Tutsis

-Yugoslavia: 1990s, Bosnians & Serbs

-Syria: now, Sunni & Shi’a Muslims

Cultures change constantlyTwo key causes:Innovation/Technology

(cell phones, internet, TV, cars )Contact with other people

(Europeans get chocolate, tomatoes, and potatoes from the New World/Native Americans get coffee, horses, and pigs from Europe)

Cultural Diffusion- the spread of culture traits from one region to another

Day 4 – Types of Government

Democracy-a form of government in which the power is held by the people elect leaders and rule by majority

Representative Democracy – the people elect leaders to create, vote, and carry out laws

Ex.: The United States

Democracy

Absolute Monarchy1. Ruled by a king or

queen2. You are born into

power (usually the next king or queen is the child of the king or queen)

3. People have little say in their goverment

Ex.: King Salman of Saudi Arabia

1) King or queen is head of state, but very little power

2) Most have some sort of constitution

3) Most have an elected prime minister who is the real head of govt.

Ex.: Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain

Constitutional Monarchy

Communism1. Leaders are not

elected by citizens-are elected by a party

2. Government controls economy and daily life

3. People have very little freedom

Ex.: Cuba and China

Dictatorship 1. Single powerful

leader2. Leader rules by

force3. People do not

have freedom and have no say in government-lack of human rights

Ex.: Kim Jong-Un of North Korea

Anarchy means there is no government

Usually because previous government failed

Rival groups will usually fight for power, very brief

Anarchy

Day 5 – Economies of the World

Resources: Meeting our Needs & Wants3 Types of Resources:Natural Resources- resources from EarthHuman Resources- labor, skills, talents of peopleEnergy Resources- supplies that provide power

to do work

There is a limited supply & unlimited demand for resources!!

Economy – system that determines ownership & distribution of resources

3 Types:Traditional = people grow their own food and make

their own goods (ex. Native Americans pre-Europeans)

Market (most common) = based on private ownership, free trade, and competition, prices set by supply and demand (ex. USA/Canada/Germany)

Command = central government makes all economic decisions (ex. Cuba)

Mixed = part government and private (ex. China)

Economies

TradeTrade – the business of buying, selling, or

barteringExport – sell/send a product to another countryImport – buying a product from another country Ex.: the USA imports oil from Nigeria the USA exports chicken to China

Tariff – a tax added to the cost of a product, which is used to encourage people to buy goods made in their own country

What might be advantages and disadvantages to trading?

InterdependenceInterdependence- a relationship between

countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services

Examples-Bananas from Ecuador-Tomatoes from Mexico

Global Trade OrganizationsWTO- World Trade OrganizationIMF- International Monetary FundWorld BankNAFTA- North American Free Trade

AgreementEU- European UnionASEAN- Association of Southeast Asian

NationsTPP- Trans-Pacific Partnership Free Trade

Agreement

GlobalizationGlobalization- the process in which

countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade

Day 6 – How are Economies measured?

Developed CountriesIndustrializedHigh literacy ratesAccess to medical careJobs are availableLonger life spanHigher incomeSmaller familiesEx. = USA, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Australia

Developing CountriesAgriculturalMore illiteracyDifficulty getting access to medical careLack of jobsShorter life spanPovertyLarger FamiliesEx. = Rwanda, Mali, Laos, Pakistan, Kenya, Cuba

Development in the world today…

Standard of LivingStandard of Living – the level at which a

nation lives as measured by the extent to which its needs are met(Food, shelter, clothing, education, medical care)

Citizens of a “developed” country have a higher standard of living

Citizens of a “developing” country have a lower standard of living

GDP = Gross Domestic Productused to measure the economyvalue of all goods & services produced within a

country in a single year

-Developed countries (USA/Germany)- have a high GDP. (about $17,000,000,000,000 in 2012)

-Developing countries (Afghanistan)- have a lower GDP. (2/3 of world are “developing countries”)

What is GDP?