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I HC BCH KHOA TP.HCM

QUY TRNH CNG NGH V CC CNG ON TI CH ST THP PH LIU GVHD: DNG TH THNH

K THUT X L CHT THI RN

NI DUNG CHNHTi ch rc thi1Tng quan v st thp2Cng ngh ti ch st thp ph liu3Thit b trong cng ngh luyn st thp4Thit b v cng ngh c khun5KHIPHCTIS DNGI. TI CH RC THI1. Mt s khi nim:Ti ch (Rycycle), Ti s dng (Reuse) v Khi phc (Recovery) thng c bit n l 3Rs; cc hot ng ny l nn tng cho vic gim lng ph v ti u ha qu trnh.TI CHI. TI CH RC THI2. Li ch ca nhng hot ng ti ch:- Tit kim c ngun ti nguyn thin nhin .- Gim c lng rc cn phi x l.- Mt s cht thi trong qu trnh ti ch tit kim nng lng hn cc qu trnh sn xut t cc nguyn liu th ban u.- Gim tc ng n mi trng do lng rc thi gy ra.- C th thu c ngun li nhun t lng rc vt b.- To cng n vic lm cho mt lc lng lao ng.I. TI CH RC THI3. Nhng kh khn gp phi khi ti ch cht thi rn.- i vi nhng qu trnh ti ch hu ht u mang li li nhun thp hc khng c hiu qu kinh t.- Nhng sn phm ti ch thng c cht lng khng cao bng cc sn phm sn xut t nhng nguyn liu tinh ban u.- Th trng tiu th cc sn phm ny thng gp nhiu kh khan.- Cht thi phi c phn loi cng chnh xc cng c li cho qu trnh ti ch.- Quy trnh cng ngh ti ch. II. TNG QUAN V ST THPSt chim khong 5% khi lng v Tri tPhn ln st dng xt st khc nhau, chng hn nh khong chthematit,magnetit,taconit.Trong cng nghip, st ch yu ly t t hmatit (Fe2O3) v magntit (Fe3O4) bng cch kh vi cacbon trong l luyn kim Khong 1,1 t tn qung st c sn xut trn th gii vo nm 2000, vi tng tr gi trn th trng vo khong 25 tla M. Vic khai thc qung st din ra trn 48 quc gia, nhng 5 nh sn xut ln nht lTrung Quc,Brasil,c,Ngavn , chim ti 70% lng qung khai thc trn th gii. 1,1 t tn qung st ny c s dng sn xut ra khong 572 triu tn st th.III. CNG NGH TI CH ST THP PH LIU

Phn loi: Nguyn liu st thp ph liu c a n t cc ni , chng c tp trung cc bi ph liu, sau st thp c nhng ngi cng nhn ca cc xng sn xut phn loi th cng bng tay thnh cc loi c kch thc khc nhau.Ct : cng on ny nhng loi ph liu st c kch thc ln (chiu rng c t 10 12 cm); phi; st tm, c a ti cc my ct to kch thc nh hn (chiu rng t 3 5 cm ), to iu kin thun li a vo cc l nung. L nung: Nung luyn phi: St ph liu c kch thc ph hp c a vo luyn c phi.III. CNG NGH TI CH ST THP PH LIUIII. CNG NGH TI CH ST THP PH LIUNung cn: St ph liu c kch thc ph hp v st qua ct c gia cng nhit trong l nung tu theo mc ch m c chn 100% rt st buc hay ch nung chn 30% sn xut thp xy dng. Trong cng on ny nc thi ch yu l nc lm mt sn phm nn trong nc thi c lng ln mt st v c nhit ln. Cn: Thp sau nung v sau hn chp c a ti cc my cn to thnh hnh yu cu.M: Thp kch thc nh ( = 3 5 cm) sau khi c a i m lm dy thp gai v inh. IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP1. Luyn thp trong l in h quang.

Vi phun oxy 2) in cc grafit 3) ng ht khi bi 4) Np l 5) V l bng thp 6) Ca thao tc 7) Thit b dch chuyn v l 9) B phn dn ng quay l 10) ta b phn dch l 11) Thit b quay np l 13) B phn quay khung l 14) Qut thng kh 15) B phn lm ngui in cc 16) Thit b nng h in cc 17) Dy cp inIV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPL in h quang s dng ngun nhit l ngn la h quang sinh ra gia cc in cc v kim loi nu. Khi nu, in cc c h xung chm vo kim loi gy ra hin tng ngn mch, sau nng in cc ln cch mt kim loi mt khong cch nht nh, gia in cc v kim loi pht sinh ngn la h quang. Theo mc nng chy ca kim loi trong bung l, in cc c iu chnh gi khong cch gia in cc v kim loi n nh, nh h quang chy n nh.Nhit ngn la h quang rt cao v nhit tp trung nn nhit truyn cho kim loi rt ln vch yu l truyn nhit bc x.

IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP 2. Tinh luyn ngoi lTinh luyn ngoi l c th tin hnh bng phng php chn khng x hoc thi kh (xo trn).IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP tinh luyn v kh kh, sau khi cho thp lng vo l, tin hnh to x hon nguyn, gy h quang chm trong x v thi kh acgng vo l. Khi sc kh acgng vo l, cc bt kh to ra s xo trn mnh thp lng lm tng qu trnh ni ca cc ht ln rn, ng thi kh [H], [N] khuch tn vo cc bt kh v b cun ra ngoi. Nh s xo trn mnh ca thp lng s kh [S] cng tng ng k.Qu trnh tinh luyn tng t nh giai on hon nguyn trong l in h quang.IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP3. Luyn thp trong l in cm ng

L in cm ng khng c li st (hnh 5.1) lm vic ging nh mt bin th khng kh m cun s cp l cc vng cm ng v cun th cp l lp mt ngoi ca kim loi nu.

Khi c dng in tn s cao chy qua cun s cp, th trong m liu kim loi sinh ra sc in ng cm ng:IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPa) Mng in l cm ng: gm c ng c xoay chiu, my pht tng tn s, my in kch thch mt chiu t in, cun cm ng.ng c in: thng dng ng c in khng ng b vi rto ni ngn mch (hiu in th ti 500V, s vng quay c 300 vng/pht, c cung cp bi ngun in tn s cng nghip.My pht tng tn: thng dng ba loi: my pht quay, my pht n in t v my pht phng tia la. My pht quay c tn s 100 10.000 Hz, cng sut my pht cn khong 0,3 1 kw/kg liu. Loi ny thng dng cho l th nghim dung tch c 8 10 kg. My pht n in t v my pht phng tia la c tn s 200 1.000kHz, thng dng cho cc l dung tch nh trong cng nghip v th nghim.Cun cm ng: thng lm bng ng ng c tit din ngang l hnh trn, ch nht hoc bu dc. Vt liu ch to l ng k thut in c dn in cao, kch thc c tnh ton sao cho va m bo yu cu v dn in, va phi m bo lu lng nc lm ngui vng cm ngIV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPb) B phn l: gm ni l, khung l v thit b nghing l. B phn quan trng nht l ni l, n c ngha rt ln v kinh t v k thut. Ngoi cc yu cu chung, ni l cm ng cn phi m bo yu cu thnh mng, khng dn in gim bt tn tht in, d ch to, sa cha.Ni l axit: c m bng ct thch anh, thnh phn: SiO2: 99 99,5%,Fe2O3: 0,5%, CaO: 0,25%, Al2O3: 0,2%, m: 0,5%. ht v t l trn nh sau:Thch anh c ht 5 6 mm : 25%.Thch anh c ht 2 3 mm : 20%.Thch anh c ht 0,5 1 mm : 30%.Thch anh bt : 25%. Axit boric k thut :1,72 %. bn ni l axit tng i cao, vi l dung tch 1,4 tn c th dng c 150 m.Ni l baz: c m bng hn hp ct manhdit hm lng MgO 85%, 4% SiO2, 0,1% CaO, 1% Al2O3, 2% Fe2O3. Cht dnh l axit boric, t st hoc nc thy tinh.

IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP4. Luyn thp trong l in xL in x dng luyn li nhm nng cao sch ca thp.IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPNguyn l lm vic: Sau khi np cht to x vo l, gy h quang, nhit ca h quang lm nng chy x to ra lp x lng, khi in cc tip xc vi x lng h quang tt, dng in tip tc chy qua lp x lng c in tr ln lm pht sinh nhit, tip tc lm nng chy in cc kim loi. Cc git kim loi lng i qua lp x s c kh tp cht v tp trung xung y. Do c lm ngui nhanh t y, kim loi kt tinh nh hng t di ln trn lm cho tp cht tip tc b y ln pha trn, nh thu c thi kim loi c sch cao.

IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP5. Luyn thp trong l bngL bng lm vic theo ch hot ng chu k. IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPNguyn tc hot ng: Sau mt thi gian nht nh khi nhit bung trao i nhit (3), (4) bn tri ngui xung di mc quy nh v bung trao i nhit bn phi c nung nng , tin hnh o chiu van (17) v (18) dn khng kh v kh t vo bung luyn qua cc knh bn phi, lc ny cc knh bn tri ng vai tr knh dn khi. Tip tc lp li chu trnh cho n khi kt thc nu luyn.Hin nay a s cc l mactanh cng vic iu chnh ch nhit u c t ng haIV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THP6. Thit b v cng ngh c khuna. Phn loiKhun c l thit b chnh khi c thp thi, theo phng php rt ngi ta chia ra:+ Khun c di (xi phng). + Khun c trnb. Cu to khunKhun c thi chia lm hai loi khun c thp lng v khun c thp si. Khun c thp lng c dng trn to, di nh, tit din ngang l hnh trn,vung hoc ch nht c ch to t gang c chu nhit hoc gang cu.IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPKhi c thp lng, khun c thng c m gi nhit, cu to gm mt lp v hp bc ngoi, bn trong xy gch cch nhit. Khi kim loi kt tinh phn di c lm ngui nhanh kt tinh trc, phn trn ngui chm kt tinh sau c tc dng b co cho phn di.Khun c thi thp si c dng trn nh, di to, tit din ngang tng t khun c th.

IV. THIT B TRONG CNG NGH LUYN ST THPc. ng rt trung tmKhi rt di ngi ta dng ng rt chung gia gi l ng rt trung gian.Thank You !