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  • 1

    Enunciado Principal del caso de estudio

    Se desea disear todo el esquema de enrutamiento para la topologa que se

    ilustra en la siguiente figura, acorde con las pautas establecidas en cada una

    de las tareas que se definen a continuacin. El estudiante deber realizar el

    diseo completo y documentarlo indicando pas a paso la solucin del mismo y

    las estrategias que utiliz para alcanzar el objetivo.

    Tarea 1:

    Diseo y documentacin de un esquema de direccionamiento

    Utilice la 172.16.0.0/16 para crear un esquema de direccionamiento eficiente

    que cumpla los siguientes requisitos:

    Nombre de host Interfaz Cantidad de hosts

    R2 Fa0/1 1000

    R3 Fa0/1 400

    R4 Fa0/1 120

    R5 Fa0/1 6000

    R5 Fa0/0 800

    R6 Fa0/1 2000

  • 2

    R6 Fa0/0 500

    NOTA: observe que se han establecido las direcciones IP

    correspondientes a la interfaz Fa0/0 en los routers R1, R2, R3 y R4 tal

    como se ilustra en la siguiente tabla.

  • 3

    Dispositivo Interfaz Direccin IP Mscara de subred

    R1

    Fa0/0 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.248

    Loopback0 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

    R2

    Fa0/0 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.248

    Fa0/1 172.16.40.1 255.255.252.0

    S0/0/0 172.16.52.130 255.255.255.252

    R3

    Fa0/0 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.248

    Fa0/1 172.16.50.1 255.255.254.0

    R4

    Fa0/0 10.10.10.4 255.255.255.248

    Fa0/1 172.16.52.1 255.255.255.128

    S0/0/0 172.16.52.133 255.255.255.252

    R5

    Fa0/0 172.16.44.1 255.255.252.0

    Fa0/1 172.16.0.1 255.255.224.0

    S0/0/0 172.16.52.129 255.255.255.252

    R6

    Fa0/0 172.16.48.1 255.255.254.0

    Fa0/1 172.16.32.1 255.255.248.0

    S0/0/0 172.16.52.134 255.255.255.252

    Se debe tener en cuenta que para establecer las direcciones IP para cada

    subred debe hacer uso de VLSM e identificar para cada una de ellas las

    siguientes direcciones IP:

    1. Direccin de Subred. 2. Direccin de Gateway.

  • 4

    3. Direccin IP del primer PC de la subred. 4. Direccin IP de ltimo PC requerido en la subred. (Por ejemplo: Si

    la subred posee 800 host, cul ser la direccin IP del Host 800). 5. Direccin de Broadcast. 6. Mscara de Subred.

    Solucin Tarea 1:

    Se realiza el esquema de direccionamiento tomando la red 172.16.0.0/16 y se

    usa VLSM para obtener cada subred empezando la asignacin de subredes

    desde la red ms grande que es R5 Fa0/1 con 6000 host hasta la R4 Fa0/1 de

    120 host y de esta forma se obtienen los siguientes datos:

    ROUTER SUBRED IP Primer

    Host

    Ip Ultimo

    Host Broadcast

    Mascara de

    Subred

    R2 Fa0/1

    1000 Host

    172.16.40.

    0 172.16.40.1

    172.16.43.25

    4

    172.16.43.25

    5

    /22

    255.255.252.0

    R3 /Fa0/1

    400 Host

    172.16.50.

    0 172.16.50.1

    172.16.51.25

    4

    172.16.51.25

    5

    /23

    255.255.254.0

    R4 Fa0/1

    120 Host

    172.16.52.

    0 172.16.52.1

    172.16.52.12

    6

    172.16.52.12

    7

    /25

    255.255.255.12

    8

    R5 Fa0/1

    6000 Host 172.16.0.0 172.16.0.1

    172.16.31.25

    4

    172.16.31.25

    5

    /19

    255.255.224.0

    R5 Fa0/0

    800 Host

    172.16.44.

    0 172.16.44.1

    172.16.47.25

    4

    172.16.47.25

    5

    /22

    255.255.252.0

    R6 Fa0/1

    2000 Host

    172.16.32.

    0 172.16.32.1

    172.16.39.25

    4

    172.16.39.25

    5

    /21

    255.255.248.0

    R6 Fa0/0

    500 Host

    172.16.48.

    0 172.16.48.1

    172.16.49.25

    4

    172.16.49.25

    5

    /23

    255.255.254.0

    Enlaces entre Routers

  • 5

    Enlace R5 a R2:

    SUBRED IP Primer

    Host

    Ip Ultimo

    Host Broadcast

    Mascara de

    Subred

    172.16.52.12

    8

    172.16.52.12

    9

    172.16.52.13

    0

    172.16.52.13

    1

    255.255.255.25

    2

    Enlace R4 a R6:

    SUBRED IP Primer

    Host

    Ip Ultimo

    Host Broadcast

    Mascara de

    Subred

    172.16.52.13

    2

    172.16.52.13

    3

    172.16.52.13

    4

    172.16.52.13

    5

    255.255.255.25

    2

    Con los datos obtenidos se completa la tabla entregada para el

    direccionamiento, los datos se colocaron en color rojo.

    Tarea 2:

    Aplicacin de una configuracin bsica.

    Paso 1: En cada router, utilice el siguiente cuadro para completar las

    configuraciones bsicas de contraseas del router.

    Contrasea de consola

    Contrasea de VTY

    Contrasea secreta de enable

    Frecuencia de reloj (si corresponde)

    cisco cisco cisco 56000

    Solucin Tarea 2:

  • 6

    Router 1:

    R1(config)#enable secret cisco

    R1(config)#line console 0

    R1(config-line)#password cisco

    R1(config-line)#login

    R1(config-line)#exit

    R1(config)#line vty 0 4

    R1(config-line)#password cisco

    R1(config-line)#login

    R1(config-line)#exit

    R1(config)#

    Router 2:

    R2(config)#enable secret cisco

    R2(config)#line console 0

    R2(config-line)#password cisco

    R2(config-line)#login

    R2(config-line)#exit

    R2(config)#line vty 04

    R2(config-line)#password cisco

    R2(config-line)#login

    R2(config-line)#exit

    R2(config)#

  • 7

    Router 3:

    R3(config)#enable secret cisco

    R3(config)#line console 0

    R3(config-line)#password cisco

    R3(config-line)#login

    R3(config-line)#exit

    R3(config)#line vty 0 4

    R3(config-line)#password cisco

    R3(config-line)#login

    R3(config-line)#exit

    R3(config)#

    Router 4:

    R4(config)#enable secret cisco

    R4(config)#line console 0

    R4(config-line)#password cisco

    R4(config-line)#login

    R4(config-line)#exit

    R4(config)#line vty 0 4

    R4(config-line)#password cisco

    R4(config-line)#login

    R4(config-line)#exit

    R4(config)#interface serial0/0/0

    R4(config-if)#clock rate 56000

  • 8

    R4(config-if)#

    Router 5

    R5(config)#enable secret cisco

    R5(config)#line console 0

    R5(config-line)#password cisco

    R5(config-line)#login

    R5(config-line)#exit

    R5(config)#line vty 0 4

    R5(config-line)#password cisco

    R5(config-line)#login

    R5(config-line)#exit

    R5(config)#interface serial0/0/0

    R5(config-if)#clock rate 56000

    R5(config-if)#

    Router 6

    R6(config)#enable secret cisco

    R6(config)#line console 0

    R6(config-line)#password cisco

    R6(config-line)#login

    R6(config-line)#exit

    R6(config)#line vty 0 4

    R6(config-line)#password cisco

  • 9

    R6(config-line)#login

    R6(config-line)#exit

    R6(config)#

    Tarea 3:

    Configurar el enrutamiento OSPF

    Paso 1: Configurar el enrutamiento OSPF en cada router.

    Paso 2: Verifique que se hayan aprendido todas las rutas.

    Solucin Tarea 3:

    Configuracin del enrutamiento.

    Router 2

    R2(config)#router ospf 1

    R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7

    R2(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

    R2(config-router)#network 172.16.40.0 0.0.3.255 area 0

    R2(config-router)#network 172.16.52.128 0.0.0.3 area 0

    R2(config-router)#end

    R2#

  • 10

    Router 3

    R3(config)#router ospf 1

    R3(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

    R3(config-router)#network

    01:49:18: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on

    FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    R3(config-router)#network 172.16.50.0 0.0.1.255 area 0

    R3(config-router)#

    Router 4

    R4(config)#router ospf 1

    R4(config-router)#network 10.10.10.4 0.0.0.7 area 0

    R4(config-router)#network

    01:54:31: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on

    FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    01:54:31: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.50.1 on FastEthernet0/0

    from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    R4(config-router)#network 172.16.52.0 0.0.0.127 area 0

    R4(config-router)#network 172.16.52.132 0.0.0.3 area 0

    R4(config-router)#

    Router 1

  • 11

    R1(config)#router ospf 1

    R1(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.7 area 0

    R1(config-router)#

    Router 5

    R5(config)#router ospf 1

    R5(config-router)#network 172.16.44.0 0.0.3.255 area 0

    R5(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 0.0.31.255 area 0

    R5(config-router)#network 172.16.52.128 0.0.0.3 area 0

    R5(config-router)#

    03:36:41: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.130 on Serial0/0/0

    from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    R5(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/0

    R5(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/1

    R5(config-router)#

    Router 6

    R6(config)#router ospf 1

    R6(config-router)#network 172.16.48.0 0.0.1.255 area 0

    R6(config-router)#network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255 area 0

    R6(config-router)#network 172.16.52.132 0.0.0.3 area 0

    R6(config-router)#

  • 12

    03:45:43: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.52.133 on Serial0/0/0

    from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    R6(config)#router ospf 1

    R6(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/0

    R6(config-router)#passive-interface fastethernet0/1

    R6(config-router)#

    Verificacin de rutas OSPF.

    R1>show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

    1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0

  • 13

    O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:06:18, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:06:08, FastEthernet0/0

    S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback0

    R2>show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/65] via 172.16.52.129, 00:10:47, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

  • 14

    C 172.16.40.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

    O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/65] via 172.16.52.129, 00:10:47, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

    C 172.16.52.128/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

    O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:10:11, FastEthernet0/0

    R3>show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

  • 15

    O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/66] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    C 172.16.50.0/23 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

    O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/2] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.4, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:10:44, FastEthernet0/0

    R4>show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/65] via 172.16.52.134, 00:12:23, Serial0/0/0

  • 16

    O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/2] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/66] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/65] via 172.16.52.134, 00:12:23, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/2] via 10.10.10.3, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    C 172.16.52.0/25 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

    O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/65] via 10.10.10.2, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    C 172.16.52.132/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

    O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.10.1, 00:11:38, FastEthernet0/0

    R5>show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 172.16.52.130 to network 0.0.0.0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    O 10.10.10.0 [110/65] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:29, Serial0/0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    C 172.16.0.0/19 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

    O 172.16.32.0/21 [110/130] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

  • 17

    O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/65] via 172.16.52.130, 00:13:04, Serial0/0/0

    C 172.16.44.0/22 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.48.0/23 [110/130] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/66] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/66] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

    C 172.16.52.128/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.52.132/30 [110/129] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

    O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.52.130, 00:12:19, Serial0/0/0

    R6#show ip route

    Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

    D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

    N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

    E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

    i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

    * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

    P - periodic downloaded static route

    Gateway of last resort is 172.16.52.133 to network 0.0.0.0

    10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

    O 10.10.10.0 [110/65] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 6 masks

    O 172.16.0.0/19 [110/130] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    C 172.16.32.0/21 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

  • 18

    O 172.16.40.0/22 [110/66] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.44.0/22 [110/130] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    C 172.16.48.0/23 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

    O 172.16.50.0/23 [110/66] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.52.0/25 [110/65] via 172.16.52.133, 00:13:41, Serial0/0/0

    O 172.16.52.128/30 [110/129] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    C 172.16.52.132/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

    O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.52.133, 00:12:56, Serial0/0/0

    Tarea 4:

    Ajuste refinado de OSPF

    Paso 1: Utilice las siguientes pautas para completar esta tarea:

    R1 nunca participar en una eleccin DR/BDR.

    R2 siempre ser el DR

    R3 y R4 tendrn la misma prioridad de 100.

    R4 debe ser siempre el BDR

    NOTA: SE DEBEN ESTABLECER TODAS LAS PRIORIDADES EN FA0/0

    Paso 2: Fuerce una eleccin DR/DBR.

    Solucin Tarea 4:

    En R1 se observa que su estado es de DROTHER.

    Router 1

    R1>show ip ospf interface

  • 19

    FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

    Internet address is 10.10.10.1/29, Area 0

    Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1

    Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 0

    Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2

    Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4

    Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    Hello due in 00:00:05

    Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

    Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

    Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 2

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)

    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

    Luego de realizer la respectiva configuracin en R2 se puede ver que su

    estado es DR.

    Router 2

    R2>show ip ospf interface

    FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

    Internet address is 10.10.10.2/29, Area 0

    Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.52.130, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1

    Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 255

  • 20

    Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2

    Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4

    Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    Hello due in 00:00:03

    Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

    Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

    Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 3

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)

    Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.50.1

    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

    Router 3

    R3>show ip ospf interface

    FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

    Internet address is 10.10.10.3/29, Area 0

    Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.50.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1

    Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 100

    Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2

    Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4

    Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    Hello due in 00:00:04

    Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

  • 21

    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

    Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

    Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 2

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.133 (Backup Designated Router)

    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

    Router 4:

    R4>show ip ospf interface

    FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

    Internet address is 10.10.10.4/29, Area 0

    Process ID 1, Router ID 172.16.52.133, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1

    Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 100

    Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.130, Interface address 10.10.10.2

    Backup Designated Router (ID) 172.16.52.133, Interface address 10.10.10.4

    Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    Hello due in 00:00:09

    Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

    Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

    Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 3

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.52.130 (Designated Router)

    Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1

  • 22

    Adjacent with neighbor 172.16.50.1

    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

    Configuracin de Prioridad:

    R1(config)#interface fastethernet0/0

    R1(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0

    R1(config-if)#end

    R2(config)#interface fastethernet0/0

    R2(config-if)#ip ospf priority 255

    R2(config-if)#end

    R4(config)#interface fastethernet0/0

    R4(config-if)#ip ospf priority 100

    R4(config-if)#end

    R3(config)#interface fastethernet0/0

    R3(config-if)#ip ospf priority 100

    R3(config-if)#end

    En el siguiente texto se observa el estado de los routers desde R1.

    R1#show ip ospf neighbor

    Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

  • 23

    172.16.52.130 255 FULL/DR 00:00:32 10.10.10.2 FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.52.133 100 FULL/BDR 00:00:32 10.10.10.4 FastEthernet0/0

    172.16.50.1 100 2WAY/DROTHER 00:00:32 10.10.10.3

    FastEthernet0/0

    R1#

    Tarea 5:

    Configuracin de un loopback

    Paso 1: En R1 configure un loopback con una direccin 1.1.1.1/32.

    Paso 2: Cree una ruta por defecto al loopback

    Paso 3: Propague la ruta con actualizaciones OSPF.

    Solucin Tarea 5:

    En el siguiente punto se observan las interfaces configuradas en R1, se

    resalta la configuracin de loopback solicitada.

    R1>show ip interface brief

    Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

    FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual up up

    FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

    Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

    Creacin de ruta por defecto al loopback en R1.

    R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 loopback0

  • 24

    R1(config)#

    Propagacin de ruta con actualizaciones OSPF en R1.

    R1(config)#router ospf 1

    R1(config-router)#default-information originate

    Tarea 6:

    Visualizacin de las actualizaciones OSPF.

    Paso 1: Ingrese al modo Simulacin

    Paso 2: Seleccione solamente OSPF en el filtro.

  • 25

    Paso 3: Visualice las actualizaciones.

  • 26

    CONCLUSIONES

    Las redes de datos cumplen una funcin importante en facilitar la comunicacin

    dentro de la red humana global, admiten la forma en que vivimos, aprendemos

    trabajamos y jugamos. Proporcionan la plataforma para los servicios que nos

    permiten conectarnos, en forma local y global, con nuestra familia y amigos,

    como as tambin con nuestro trabajo e intereses. Esta plataforma respalda el

    uso de textos, grficos, videos y voz.

    En el caso de la red objeto de estudio, fue evidente como se produce la

    comunicacin entre varios dispositivos a saber, router, pc, switches, que

    mediante configuraciones previas mediante direccionamiento ip hacen posible

    su efectividad.

    Por otro lado se puede concluir que:

    El enrutamiento es fundamental para cualquier red de datos, ya que

    transfiere informacin a travs de una internetwork de origen a destino.

    Los Routers aprenden sobre redes remotas ya sea de manera dinmica

    o utilizando protocolos de enrutamiento o de manera manual, utilizando

    rutas estticas.

    Las rutas estticas se utilizan generalmente cuando se enruta desde una

    red a una red de conexin nica. Una red de conexin nica es una red

    a la que se accede por una sola ruta. Las rutas estticas se configuran

    para obtener conectividad a redes remotas que no estn conectadas

    directamente al Router.

    Un Router con encaminamiento dinmico; es capaz de entender la red y

    pasar las rutas entre Routers vecinos. Con esto quiero decir que es la

    propia red gracias a los Routers con routing dinmico los que al agregar

    nuevos nodos o perderse algn enlace es capaz de poner/quitar la ruta

    del nodo en cuestin en la tabla de rutas del resto de la red o de buscar

    un camino alternativo o ms ptimo en caso que fuese posible49.

  • 27

    Los Routers de un entorno multiacceso, como un entorno Ethernet,

    deben elegir un Router Designado (DR) y un Router Designado de

    Reserva (BDR) para que representen a la red. Un DR lleva a cabo

    tareas de envi y sincronizacin. El BDR solo actuara si el DR falla.

    Cada Router debe establecer una adyacencia con el DR y el BDR50.

    OSPF es un protocolo de enrutamiento de estado de enlace desarrollado

    como reemplazo del protocolo de enrutamiento por vector de distancia:

    RIP OSPF enfatiza el uso de rutas ms cortas y accesibles mediante la

    arquitectura de un mapa de la red mediante bases de datos con

    informacin sobre sistemas locales y vecinos. Es capaz de calcular que

    distancia hay para cada posible ruta y escoge que ruta es la ms corta

    para acceder a su destino.

    El protocolo OSPF presenta rpida deteccin de cambios en la topologa

    y restablecimiento muy rpido de rutas sin bucles; es de poca

    sobrecarga, usa actualizaciones que informan de los cambios de rutas,

    adems usa multienvio en las redes de rea local.