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Ren Prval

Ren Prval

52nd and 55th President of Haiti

In office

May 14, 2006May 14, 2011

Prime Minister Jacques-douard Alexis

Michle Pierre-Louis

Jean-Max Bellerive

Preceded by Boniface Alexandre

Succeeded by Michel Martelly

In office

February 7, 1996February 7, 2001

Prime Minister Claudette Werleigh

Rosny SmarthJacques-douard Alexis

Preceded by Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Succeeded by Jean-Bertrand Aristide

2nd Prime Minister of Haiti

In office

February 13, 1991October 11, 1991

President Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Preceded by Martial Clestin

Succeeded by Jean-Jacques HonoratMinister of Interior and National Defence

In office

February 19, 1991october 11, 1991

President Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Preceded by Joseph Maxi (Interior)

Jean Thomas (National Defence)

Succeeded by Gracia Jean

Personal details

Born 17 January 1943Cap-Hatien, Haiti

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Political party Lespwa

Spouse(s) Geri Benoit (Divorced)

Solange Lafontant (Divorced)

Elisabeth Delatour (2009present)

Alma mater College of Gembloux

Catholic University of Leuven

University of Pisa

Profession Agronomist

Ren Garcia Prval (French pronunciation: [ne peval]; born January 17, 1943) is a Haitian politician and

agronomist who was twice President of the Republic of Haiti. He served from February 7, 1996, to February 7, 2001,

and from May 14, 2006, to May 14, 2011. He was also Prime Minister from February 1991 to October 11, 1991.

Early life and career

Prval was born in Marmelade, Artibonite Department, northern Haiti. He studied Business at the College of

Gembloux and the University of Leuven in Belgium[1]

and also studied Biology at the University of Pisa in Pisa,Italy.[2]

Prval's father, an agronomist also, had risen to the position of Minister of Agriculture in the government of Gnral

Paul Magloire, the predecessor of Duvalier. Leaving Haiti because his political past presented him as a potential

opponent, Preval's father found work with UN agencies in Africa.

After spending five years in Brooklyn, New York, occasionally working as a restaurant waiter, Prval returned to

Haiti and obtained a position with the National Institute for Mineral Resources. Prval was very much involved in

the agricultural workings of society. After a few years, he opened a bakery in Port-au-Prince with some business

partners. While operating his company, he continued to be active in political circles and charity work, such as

providing bread to the orphanage of Salesian Father Jean-Bertrand Aristide, with whom he developed a close

relationship.

After the election of Aristide as president in 1990, Prval served as his Prime Minister from February 13 to October

11, 1991, going into exile following the September 30, 1991 military coup.

On December 6, 2009, Preval married Elisabeth Dbrosse Delatour one of his economic advisors and widow of

Leslie Delatour, the former governor of Haiti's central bank. Preval's first and second marriages, to Guerda Benoit

and Solange Lafontant respectively, both ended in divorce.

First presidency

In 1996, Prval was elected as president for a five-year term, with 88% of the popular vote. Upon his 1996

inauguration, Prval became the second democratically elected head of state in the country's 200-year history. In

2001, he became the second President of Haiti to leave office as a result of the natural expiration of an uninterrupted

term, the first being General Nissage Saget, president from 1869 to 1874.

As president, Prval instituted a number of economic reforms, most notably the privatization of various government

companies. By the end of Prval's term, the unemployment rate (though still quite high) had fallen to its lowest level

since the fall of Franois Duvalier. Prval also instituted an aggressive program of agrarian reform in Haiti's

countryside. His presidency, however, was also marked by fierce political clashes with a parliament dominated by

opposition party members (OPL) and an increasingly vocal Fanmi Lavalas (party of the former president), which

opposed the structural adjustment and privatization program of Prval's government.

As president, Prval was a strong supporter of investigations and trials related to human rights violations committedby military and police personnel.

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Prval dissolved the parliament in 1999 and ruled by decree for the duration of the final year of his presidency. [3]

Second presidency

Ren Prval and U.S. President George W. Bush

in the Oval Office

Election

Prval ran again as the Lespwa candidate in the presidential election of

2006. The election took place after nearly two years of international

peacekeeping, which some described as an unelected dictatorship.

Partial election results, released on February 9, indicated that he had

won with about 60% of the vote, but as further results were released,

his share of the vote slipped to 48.7% thus making a run-off

necessary. Several days of popular demonstrations in favour of Prval

followed in Port-au-Prince and other cities in Haiti. On February 14,

Prval claimed that there had been fraud among the vote counts, and

demanded that he be declared the winner outright of the first round. Protesters paralyzed the capital with burningbarricades and stormed a luxury hotel Hotel Montana, located in the affluent suburb of Petionville to demand

results from Haiti's nearly week-old election as ex-President Rene Preval fell further below the 50% needed to win

the presidency. On February 16, 2006, Prval was declared the winner of the presidential election by the Provisional

Electoral Council with 51.15% of the vote, after the exclusion of "blank" ballots from the count.

He was sworn in on May 14, following Haiti's legislative run-off vote in April;[4][5] he could not be sworn in until a

sitting Parliament was in place. When he was sworn in, Prval emphasized the importance of unity, saying that

division was Haiti's "main problem" and that Haitians had to "work together". On May 17, he nominated

Jacques-douard Alexis, who had served as Prime Minister during Prval's first term, as Prime Minister again.[5]

After taking office, Prval immediately signed an oil deal with Venezuela and traveled to the United States, Cuba,

and France.

Prval drew much of his support from Haiti's poorest people; he was especially widely supported in the poorest

neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince. However, many of the poor demanded that the former President Aristide be

allowed to return and that civil enterprise workers fired by the Latortue government be reinstated. This caused

increasing tension in the slums of Port-au-Prince.[6] Prval promised to build a massive road system which would

boost trade and transportation around the country.

Since Preval's induction, the economy has been on a sizeable increase.

Latin American integration

Haiti under Prval has been cooperating diplomatically and fraternally with countries ofLatin America. Haiti's LatinAmerican alliance provides the country with much of its needed aid. The slowly-stabilizing country has seemingly

benefited in a rather solid economic partnership with Venezuela. This recent friendship between Venezuelan

president Hugo Chvez and the Haitian president has resulted in various economic agreements. Four power plants (a

40-megawatt, a 30-megawatt, and two 15-megawatts) are set to be built in Haiti. An oil refinery is also scheduled to

be installed, with a production capacity of 10,000 barrels (1,600 m3) of oil per day. Venezuela's aid to Haiti is

founded upon a historic act where the newly-independent Haiti welcomed and tended to Simn Bolvar and provided

military power to aid Bolivar's cause in liberating Latin America.

Fidel Castro, Ral Castro and other Cuban diplomats such as Vice President Esteban Lazo Hernandez have thanked

Haiti for consistently voting in the United Nations General Assembly against the United States embargo against

Cuba.

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Prval's diplomatic relations with fellow Latin American nations have opened up many economic opportunities for

Haiti. Prval has met with many Latin American leaders such as Fidel Castro, Evo Morales of Bolivia (with an

economic situation similar to Haiti's), Martn Torrijos of Panama, and Leonel Fernndez of the neighboring

Dominican Republic. Relations with Dominican Republic have strengthened largely due to Prval's willingness to

end volatile temperaments and to the two presidents' focus on cooperation. The Dominican Republic was Prval's

first foreign visitation. Prval then visited the United States, where he was congratulated by US President Bush for

his reelection. Prval had claimed that asides the Dominican Republic, the US should be his first diplomatic visit in

office, putting it ahead of his eventual diplomatic visits to Venezuela, Cuba and France. The US considered Prval's

meeting with Bush a good sign of excellent US-Haitian relations under his administration.

April 2008 riots

In early April 2008, riots broke out over the high cost of food; since 2007, prices for a number of essential foods,

including rice, had risen by about 50%.[7] As the riots continued, rioters attacked the presidential palace on April 8

but were driven away by UN soldiers.[8] On April 9, Prval called for calm; he said that high food prices were a

problem around the world, but that the problem would not be solved by destroying stores, and he said that he had

"ordered Haitian police and UN soldiers to put an end to the looting". Despite demands for all taxes on food importsto be lifted, Prval said that he could not do so because the money was greatly needed;[9] he pledged to increase food

production in Haiti so that the country would not be so dependent on imports, but this fell short of what many

protesters demanded.[10] On April 12, the Senate voted to remove Prime Minister Alexis from office, and Prval

announced that the price per 23 of rice would be reduced from $51 to $43. According to Prval, the rice would be

subsidized with international aid, and the private sector was willing to reduce the price by $3. He also said that he

was going to seek Venezuelan assistance in improving the economic situation.[11]

2010 earthquake

U.S. President Barack Obama talks on the phone with

Haitian President Ren Prval in the Oval Office, January15, 2010

On January 12, Port-au-Prince was hit by an earthquake.

Initial reports indicated that diplomats were unable to contact

President Prval and they feared he might be trapped beneath

the rubble of the building. However later reports including

ones quoting the Haitian ambassador to the United States,

Raymond Alcide Joseph said that the President and First

Lady Elisabeth Delatour Prval had escaped unharmed and

had been moved to a safe location on the island.[12][13] The

couple were about to enter their home when the earthquake

struck.[14] Prval and his wife were able to step away from the

building before the house collapsed, escaping injury.[14]

Much of the Haitian government, including President Prval,

has relocated to a police barracks near Toussaint Louverture

International Airport.[15] The death toll has so far been estimated to be possibly in excess of 200,000. [16]

Since the earthquake, President Prval has been criticised at home and abroad for his allegedly weak disaster

response; critics include U.S. Senator Dick Lugar (R-IN).[17]

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References

[1] (https://listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/haiti-news/2006-February/001337. html)

[2] Embassy of the Republic of Haiti, Washington D.C (http://www.haiti.org/president_of_haiti.htm)

[3] Peter Greste (May 9, 2000). "Haiti goes to the polls" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/737270. stm). BBC. . Retrieved August 13,

2006.

[4] "Haitian president-elect takes power" (http://web.archive.org/web/20070926225845/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/

20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.

asp). Jamaica Observer / AssociatedPress. Archived from the original (http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/

20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.asp) on September 26, 2007. .

Retrieved August 13, 2006.

[5] Angus Reid page on Haiti (http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/view/7164).

[6] Thompson, Ginger. Candidate of Haiti's Poor Leads in Early Tally With 61% of Vote. The New York Times, February 10, 2006.

[7] "Haitians riot over price rise" (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/010DE3E1-EB5D-420B-BA4C-118AC1DEEF35.htm), Al Jazeera,

April 6, 2008.

[8] "Haitians storm president's palace" (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2F14DC83-B602-4FC4-9452-3A49886B0AC1. htm), Al

Jazeera, April 9, 2008.

[9] "Haitian president calls for calm" (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E451DE47-5548-40C5-B311-5AD2AFDDC396.htm), Al

Jazeera, April 9, 2008.

[10] "Haiti senators call on PM to quit" (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/D33E1E37-5999-4610-918A-DBFA5542EDA1.htm), Al

Jazeera, April 10, 2008.

[11] "Haiti senators vote to remove PM" (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2C124C17-7F2B-49C8-B000-BBBDC2B83CBB. htm), Al

Jazeera, April 12, 2008.

[12] Hundreds feared dead in Haiti earthquake (http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/13/2791129. htm)

[13] 7.0 quake hits Haiti; 'Serious loss of life' expected (http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/12/haiti.earthquake/index.

html)

[14] Lacey, Marc (2010-01-19). "U.S. Troops Patrol Haiti, Filling a Void" (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.

html).New York Times. . Retrieved 2010-01-19.

[15] "Haitian government relocates to police station" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/16/2793922. htm). Australian

Broadcasting Corporation News. 2009-01-16. . Retrieved 2009-01-16.

[16] "Haiti death toll 50,000 to 100,000: PAHO" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/

AR2010011501857. html). The Washington Post/Reuters. 2010-01-16. . Retrieved 2010-01-16.

[17] Nick Caistor (2010-08-08). "Crowded race for Haiti presidency" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-10891924). BBC. .Retrieved 2010-08-21.

External links

Ren Prval 2005 Elections Archives (http://www.haitielection2005.com/presidential_candidates.php/23)

Ren Prval entry at Cooperative Research.org (http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.

jsp?entity=rene_preval)

United States Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook (2000) (http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/

wofact2000/fields/executive_branch.html)

Profile of H.E. Mr. Rn Garcia Preval (http://haiti.uhhp.com/rulers/rene_garcia_preval.html)

St. Petersburg times (http://www.sptimes. com/2006/02/07/Worldandnation/Ex_leader_still_enigm.shtml) -

Ex-leader still enigma as Haitians cast ballots

Brief analysis of Prval's rise to Head of State 2006 (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107612.html)

Rene Prval Haiti May Get One Last Chance in Spite of Washington's Best Efforts (http://www.coha.org/

2006/05/13/rene-preval-haiti-may-get-one-last-chance-in-spite-of-washingtons-best-efforts/) Council on

Hemispheric Affairs

Prensa Latina February 2006 "No Match for Ren Prval in Haiti" (https://listhost.uchicago. edu/pipermail/

haiti-news/2006-February/001337.html)

Profile Ren Prval" (http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=rene_preval)

Prval supporters protest Haiti election results (http://www.nzherald.co.nz/location/story. cfm?l_id=5&

objectid=10368355)

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/location/story.cfm?l_id=5&objectid=10368355http://www.nzherald.co.nz/location/story.cfm?l_id=5&objectid=10368355http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=rene_prevalhttps://listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/haiti-news/2006-February/001337.htmlhttps://listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/haiti-news/2006-February/001337.htmlhttp://www.coha.org/2006/05/13/rene-preval-haiti-may-get-one-last-chance-in-spite-of-washington%e2%80%99s-best-efforts/http://www.coha.org/2006/05/13/rene-preval-haiti-may-get-one-last-chance-in-spite-of-washington%e2%80%99s-best-efforts/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107612.htmlhttp://www.sptimes.com/2006/02/07/Worldandnation/Ex_leader_still_enigm.shtmlhttp://haiti.uhhp.com/rulers/rene_garcia_preval.htmlhttp://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2000/fields/executive_branch.htmlhttp://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2000/fields/executive_branch.htmlhttp://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=rene_prevalhttp://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=rene_prevalhttp://www.haitielection2005.com/presidential_candidates.php/23http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-10891924http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011501857.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011501857.htmlhttp://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/16/2793922.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/12/haiti.earthquake/index.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/12/haiti.earthquake/index.htmlhttp://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/13/2791129.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2C124C17-7F2B-49C8-B000-BBBDC2B83CBB.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/D33E1E37-5999-4610-918A-DBFA5542EDA1.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E451DE47-5548-40C5-B311-5AD2AFDDC396.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2F14DC83-B602-4FC4-9452-3A49886B0AC1.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/010DE3E1-EB5D-420B-BA4C-118AC1DEEF35.htmhttp://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/view/7164http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.asphttp://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070926225845/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.asphttp://web.archive.org/web/20070926225845/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20060327T210000-0500_101448_OBS_HAITIAN_PRESIDENT_ELECT_TAKES_POWER_MAY___.asphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BBChttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/737270.stmhttp://www.haiti.org/president_of_haiti.htmhttps://listhost.uchicago.edu/pipermail/haiti-news/2006-February/001337.html

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Article Sources and ContributorsRen Prval Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=532757559 Contributors: 1j1z2, 98jejq, Aetheling1125, Alfredlargange, Alsandro, Amatulic, Andycjp, Anoderates, Asarelah,Atavi, Auntof6, Baronnet, Bash, Bentley4, Biruitorul, Bolivian Unicyclist, Briaboru, BrokenSphere, Calmer Waters, CambridgeBayWeather, Cantus, Carolina123, Carstenk, Cdc, Celtmist,ChiefTruth, Ckatz, Colonies Chris, CopperSquare, Courcelles, D6, DemocraticIranWeneed, Diderot, Dimadick, Dmitri Lytov, Dustimagic, DutchDevil, Edward, Everyking, Evlekis, Excirial,Fletcher, Flyte35, Folksong, Fusion7, Futuro13, GPHemsley, Gadekoze, Gaius Cornelius, Gene Nygaard, Godefroy, Good Olfactory, Ground Zero, Guettarda, Haddiscoe, HaeB, Halcatalyst, HallMonitor, Iamjedimike, Ida Shaw, Incornsyucopia, Intelliot, Iwantmymilky!, JGHowes, Jack Cox, Jaedza, Japanese Searobin, Joelon, John of Reading, Joseph Solis in Australia, Jovianeye,Jwillbur, K4zem, Keffertje08, Kevin Rector, Kgrad, Kharker, Kjetil r, KnightRider, Kwamikagami, Lifebaka, Lightmouse, Lihaas, Little Mountain 5, Luciengav, MC10, Macho, MateoP,

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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributorsfile:Ren Prval on March 31, 2010.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ren_Prval_on_March_31,_2010.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0Contributors: UN /Paulo Filgueiras

Image:RenPrval & GWBush 2007May08.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RenPrval_&_GWBush_2007May08.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors:White House photo by Joyce Boghosian

File:Barack Obama on the phone in the Oval Office with Ren Prval 2010-01-15.jpg Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Barack_Obama_on_the_phone_in_the_Oval_Office_with_Ren_Prval_2010-01-15.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: White House (PeteSouza) / Maison Blanche (Pete Souza)

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