Réponse non spécifique ou innée (2h)Les cellules Natural Killers et leurs déficits (1h) :

Cellules NK & Immunité Innée

vivier@ciml.univ-mrs.fr

Part I. Innate Immunity

QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (non compressé)

sont requis pour visionner cette image.

Echinodermata

Urochordata

Vertebrata

ChondrichtyesMammalia

Chordata

MHC +TCR +NK cells +Complement system +Complement receptors (SCR) +

MHC -TCR -NK cell receptors +Complement (Bf,C3, C6-C9) +Complement receptors (SCR) +

Agnatha

CionaBotryllusHalocynthia

Petromyzon

innate+ adaptiveimmunity

innate immunity only

Cephalochordata

MHC

NK receptors-570 myr

-525 myr

Innate + adaptive immunity

Innate immunity only

From Thomas C. G. Bosch (Kiel)

Histoire d’une découverte

« The dirty little trick »

A paradigm:Self vs. Non-self

« The structure of scientific revolutions » Thomas S. Kuhn 1962

- « Their achievement was sufficiently unprecedented to attract an enduring group of adherent away from competing modes of scientific activity »

- « Simultaneously, it was sufficiently open-ended to leave all sorts of problems for the redefined group of practitioners to resolve »

Paradigm shift:

Une expérience simple

Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1989;54 Pt 1:1-13.

Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology.

Insects have an open circulatory system

BrainBrainGutGut

Dorsal blood Dorsal blood vesselvessel

Nervous chainNervous chain

Hematopoietic Hematopoietic tissuestissues

VirusesVirusesBacteriaBacteria

FungiFungi

ProtozoaProtozoa

Induction of antimicrobial activity by immune challenge

Injection of bacteriaInjection of bacteria

ControlControl

AntimicrobialAntimicrobialactivity in the activity in the

cell-free cell-free hemolymphhemolymph

Time (h) Time (h) 0 0 6 6 9 9 1212 24 24 48 48 3 3