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This is a research in mobile networks generation in arabic language
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1
: -1
: 1-1
( Data Rates )
.
:
( Coverage:)
) (.
( Capacity :)
(.Carry Traffic )
( Quality of Service:)
2
.... .
( Cost:)
.
: 1-2
(Analog) )(
. ) (
.
.
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%ABhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AAhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AFhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AFhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8Ahttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8Ahttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AAhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%ADhttp://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%AD
3
(.FM ) (AM)
.
.
( 1-1 )
: 1-3
4
.
(Analog Techniques)
(Digital Techniques ( (Pulse Coded Modulation
"PCM" )
. (Binary Numbers )
( 10 )
1
.
( Digital Signals) (Analog signals)
(.ADC( )Analog to Digital Converter )
( 1-2 )
5
: 1-3-1
.
.
.
.
.
( (High Fidelity.
:
:.
B
.
:
.
:
.
6
: 1-4
)
(.
: 1-5
) .... (.
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
7
.
:
.
.
.
.
: 1-6
) (
:
.
.
(Frequency Division Multiple Access "FDMA" )
8
(.Cellular Networks)
: 1-7
(Cellular Network)
)
(
) (
.
(. )
: 1-7-1
Cell):)
.
http://www.arab-ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=159477&vid=17http://www.arab-ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=159477&vid=17
9
( Cluster):
(.21 12 7 4 )
(1-3 )
: 1-8
10
.
: 1-9
.(LTE( )UMTS )
: 1-10
:
.
.
( UMTS( )LTE )
.
) UMTS )( LTE )
.
.
11
-2
(0G ) ( ) 2-1
1946
Mobile Telephone )
System)
( Half Duplex System )
( "Push to talk "PTT )
(."Citizen Band Radio "CB-Radio )
25
(.Full Duplex System )
12
.( 2-1 )
(MTS)
( "Improved Mobile Telephone System "IMTS )
1000 12
. 1968( Bell Labs )
13
Cellular ) (2-2 )
Communication System )
)( .
.( 2-2 )
14
. 1971
.
( / )
.
: 2-1-1
. .1
. .2
) (. .3
. .4
. .5
(.Handoff ) .6
. .7
15
. .8
(1G) 1979 2-2
1979
(Mobile Communication System "MSC-L1") )(
("Nippon Telegraph and Telephone "NTT)
KHz 25 600 MHz 800
(Frequency Modulation) ( Full Duplex )
( FM )
KHz 25
KHz 3
( Multiple Access System )
MCS-L1( FDMA )
12.5 MCS-L2
KHz
16
.
("Nordic Mobile Telephone "NMT) 1981
MHz 450
1986
( NMT 450 ) NMT MHz 900
( NMT 900 )
. 40
("Total Access Communication System "TACS)
KHz 25 1985 1982
( MHz 960 MHz 935( )MHz 915 MHz 890 )
(.Extended TACS (ETACS 25
(AMPS )1982
(Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
(AMPS 800 832( MHz 30 KHz
( FDMA )
.(FM)
17
(C-450) 1985
KHz 10 MHz 450
560 Radiocom 2000
.KHz 12.5
)(
NNT 1979 800
AMPS 1981 800
NMT 450
800
1981
1986
TACS 1985 900
C 450 1985 450
Radiocom2000 450
900
1985
1986
RTMS
TACS
450
900
1985
1990
. ( 1-2 )
18
-Narrow)
band AMPS ) AMPS
KHz 10 30KHz
KHz 6.5 KHz 25
.
( FM )
(noise)
.
.
19
( NMT ) %50
. (NMT)
(:NMT ) 2-2-1
:( NMT )
( Mobile Telephone Exchange "MTX".)
( Home Location Register "HLR".)
"( Base Station "BS.)
( Mobile Station "MS".)
( HLR( )MTX )
( MTX )
.
( ) ( MTX )
256
.
20
(:NMT ) -1
( Full Duplex )
KHz 25 180( NMT 450 )
20
. 399 359
(:NMT ) -2
( :NMT )
:
( HLR )
.
"( SIS"Security Identity of Subscribers :)
( Challenge - Response )
(.MTX )
21
( Personal identification number "PIN":)
( (NMT
( PIN )
(.PIN )
.
: 2-2-4
.(Encryption ) .1
.2
.
.3
.
.4
.
. .5
. .6
22
. .7
) (. .8
( 2G) 1992 2-3
" "
( Analogue System )
.
" "
(Global System for Mobile "GSM" )
ETSI" (European Telecommunication Standards Institute" )
23
.
MHz 900( GSM )
MHz 25
MHz 900
1900 MHz 380 14
MHz ) GSM (
(GSM)
.
(FDMA/TDMA 25 ( MHz
Radio ) KHz 200 124
Spectrum )
.(GMSK )
24
.
GSM
(P-GSM 900 25( MHz 900 MHz (E-GSM 900 )
MHz 10 MHz 900 MHz 35
MHz 75 GSM-1800
.MHz 1800
(MHz)
(MHz( )Uplink)
(MHz) (Downlink)
(MHz)
P-GSM 900
(Primary)
900 890.0 - 915.0 935.0 - 960.0 25
E-GSM - 900
(Extended)
900 880.0 - 915.0 925.0 - 960.0 35
GSM 1800
(PDC)
1800 1710.2 - 1784.8 1805.2 - 1879.8 75
GSM 1900
(PCS)
1900 1850.2 - 1909.8 1930.2 - 1989.8 60
(GSM( )2-2 )
25
( GSM )
:
( Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System "D-AMPS" )
(D-AMPS )Interim Standard 136)( )IS-136( )Interim
Standard 54( )IS-54.)
Code Division Multiple Access - Generation One "cdmaOne") )
(."Interim Standard 95 "IS-95 )
( Personal Handy System "PHS" )
.
(GSM ( (D-AMPS )
( GSM ) 2008
.
) ( Packet Data
( GSM - Phase1( )GSM )
( GSM - Phase2 )
.
26
)(
( Circuit Switching )
(Data Rates 9.6( Kbps
.
( Time Slot ) 4
Kbps 38.4
.("High Speed Circuit Switched Data "HSCSD )
(GSM ) 2-3-1
(GSM )( 2-3)
27
(GSM ) 2-3-2
("Mobile Station "MS ) .1
( GSM )
Subscriber( )Mobile Equipment ) ( )
Identity Module "SIM".)
(GSM ) ( 2-4 )
("IMEI" International Mobile Equipment Identity )
International Mobile Subscriber )
Identity "IMSI" )
( IMSI )
28
( .International )
("Base Station Subsystem "BSS ) .2
:
(:"Base Transceiver Station "BTS ) -
64
.
:("Base Station Controller "BSC ) -
( (BTS 30 20
( BSC ) ( A-bis)
(BTS.)
( ("Mobile Switching Center "MSC .3
.
("Home Location Register "HLR ) .4
.
29
:
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -
("Visitor Location Register "VLR ) .5
(. MSC )
:
. -
. -
. -
. -
30
("Equipment Identity Register "EIR ) .6
( .EIR )
("Authentication Center "AuC ) .7
( MSC )
( OMC) ( HLR )
.
("Operation & Maintenance Center "OMC ) .8
(EIR )( 2-5 )
31
.
:
( .OMC-S ) -
( .OMC-R ) -
(GSM ) 2-3-3
(GSM )
:
(:IMSI ) .1
( : SIM )
(: MCC ) -
(.PSTN )
(: MNC ) -
.
10(: MSIN ) -
.
32
(.IMSI( )2-6 )
(:TMSI) .2
( MS( )IMSI )
( TMSI )
( MS )
( IMSI )
.
( "Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number "MSISDN )
.
33
: .3
.
: .4
( Encrypted )
.
2-3-4
. .1
. .2
. .3
( "Short Message Services "SMS ) .4
.
. .5
. .6
9.6
Kbps ) )
(Circuit Switching.)
34
(G 2.5) 2001-1999 2-4
( . GSM )
(Packet Switching )( Packet Routing )
) (
(General Packet Radio Service "GPRS" )
) ( +GSM - Phase2
( :GPRS )
"" GPRS
:
) (
.
(."Internet Protocol "IP( )"Transmission Control Protocol "TCP )
35
" Services "" "
"Technology( "GSM )
( .GSM - Phase2 )
( GPRS )
.
( GSM( )GPRS )
" Overlay Network "
.
.
36
(: GPRS ) 2-4-1
( GSM( )GPRS )
( GPRS( )GSM )
( :GPRS )
(:Subscriber Terminals ) .1
( GSM( )GPRS )
(.GPRS( )Packets )
(GPRS( )2-7 )
37
:
: (A" (Class A Terminals" -
GSM GPRS
(.Simultaneously )
(:B" (Class B Terminals" -
.
(: C" (Class C Terminals" -
.
(: (GPRS Base Station Subsystem .2
( PCU( )BSS )
( GSM )
(GPRS )( BSS )
.
38
(:GPRS Support Nodes ) .3
Circuit( )GSM( )MSC )
Switched Central Office( )MSC ) ( Data
Traffic: )
"GPRS" (Serving GPRS Support Node "SGSN" :)
( MS )
( HLR )
( SGSN( )MSs )
(Mobility Management( )Handoff( )Location
Management( )MSs )
(. Billing user data and charging )
"GPRS" (Gateway GPRS Support Node "GGSN" :)
( GPRS )
( Intranet )
( SGSN( )Active )
( .Idle ) ( )
39
( G 2.5 )
,
( GPS )
.Kbps 115
(:GPRS ) 2-4-2
(.GSM ) .1
( .Packet Switching ) .2
.3
(Circuit Switching.)
. .4
( .GSM ) .5
. .6
(:G 2.75 ) 2-5
(GPRS )
(8 Phase Shift Keying "8-PSK" )
( "Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution "EDGE )
)( .( "Enhanced GPRS "EGPRS )
40
GSM/GPRS GSM
( GPRS( )GSM( )EDGE )
( PSK-8 )
.Kbps 384 ( Network 2.75( )EDGE )
(3G) 2001 2-6
(ITU)
( "International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 "IMT-2000 )
MHz 2000" 2000"
. ) (MHz 5
41
.
:
( 3 GPP)
(Third Generation Partnership Project (
.
.(3GPP)
( 3GPP )
( GSM )
( Release )
.
( ETSI )
42
( 3GPP( )(+GSM-Phase 2 ( (GSM
.
( 3 GPP2 )
( CDMA-One )
.
: " "
( 3 GPP )
( UMTS )
(Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service )
" "
( .GSM )
( CDMA-2000 )
( CDMA-One( )3GPP2 )
( 3GPP2 )
(.3GPP )
( 3GPP )
43
.Mbps 2
- 3GPP )
Release 99 )
:
.1
.
.2
.
( UMTS )
(Wide Code Division Multiple Access "WCDMA" )
.
( UMTS )
.
44
(UMTS ) 2-6-1
( UMTS )
Kbps 384 Mbps 2
( GSM )
("Quadrature Phase Shift Keying "QPSK )
(WCDMA )
(B( )Node B( )UMTS)/( )
.
(UMTS ) 2-6-2
( Core Network )
( WCDMA )
(Operating Band)
(UL )(MHz)
(DL )(MHz)
(MHz)
1 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170 190
2 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 80
3 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 95
(UMTS ) ( 2-3 )
45
( B( )Node )
(Radio Network Controller.)
( :UMTS )
(:"User Equipment "UE ) .1
.
(:UTRAN ) .2
( GSM( )B (Node B
( BTSs )
(UMTS( )2-8 )
46
(UTRAN) (UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network.)
(: "Core Network "CN ) .3
( PSTN )
.
(UTRAN ) 2-6-3
( UMTS )
:
(:B (Node B .1
( GSM( )BTS )
) ...... (
.
(:"Radio Network Controller "RNC ) .2
( Node B )
)
47
( CN )
(.GSM( )BSC )
(UMTS ) 2-6-4
( GSM( )UMTS )
.
(:GSM )
. .1
. .2
. .3
( :UMTS )
. .1
( Node B ) .2
(RNC.)
.3
.
.( Upgrading ) .4
48
(G 3.5 ) 2-7
( "High Speed Packet Access "HSPA )
High Speed Downlink( )DL )
Packet Access "HSPDA" )Mbps 14
(3GPP Release 5( 3( GPP )
( Release 6 )
5.8( "High Speed Uplink Packet Access "HSUPA )
Mbps
( QPSK( )QAM-16 )
( Time Delay )
( "Multiple Input Multiple Output "MIMO )
(.Smart Antenna )
49
( MIMO( )2-9 )
(G 3.75 ) 2-8
( + HSPA( )HSPA( )HSPA )
( HSPA( )3GPP )
( Downlink( )Uplink )
( MIMO ) (QAM-64 )
(HSDPA( )HSUPA ) (Dual-Cell )
Mbps 84
10.8 Mbps
.
2-8-1
. .1
. .2
50
.(WCDMA ) .3
.() .4
. .5
. .6
. .7
(.Mobile Banking ) .8
2-8-2
.1
.
( .MIMO ) .2
(.+ HSPA( )HSPA ) .3
(4G ) 2-9
" Release 8" 8 2008( 3GPP )
.
20 MHz 100 Mbps
Orthogonal Frequency Division )
51
Multiplexing "OFDM" )
( LTE( )Long Term Evolution )
.
( LTE )
(GSM/UMTS (
( Latency )
.
)(
( Packet Switching )
( "Internet Protocol "IP )
( VoIP( ) Voice over IP )
( "Packet Data Network "PDN( )UE )
.
(LTE ) 2-9-1
( LTE )
( Service Providers )
52
( QAM-64) 64
( MIMO )
( QPSK )
. 64 16
( LTE )
.
(MHz)
(MHz)
(MHz)
(MHz)
(MHz)
1 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170 60 190 130 2 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 60 80 20 3 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 75 95 20 4 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155 45 400 355 5 824 - 849 869 - 894 25 45 20 6 830 - 840 875 - 885 10 35 25 7 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 70 120 50 8 880 - 915 925 - 960 35 45 10 9 1749.9 - 1784.9 1844.9 - 1879.9 35 95 60 10 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170 60 400 340 11 1427.9 - 1452.9 1475.9 - 1500.9 20 48 28 12 698 - 716 728 - 746 18 30 12 13 777 - 787 746 - 756 10 -31 41 14 788 - 798 758 - 768 10 -30 40 15 1900 - 1920 2600 - 2620 20 700 680
(2-4 )
53
16 2010 - 2025 2585 - 2600 15 575 560 17 704 - 716 734 - 746 12 30 18 18 815 - 830 860 - 875 15 45 30 19 830 - 845 875 - 890 15 45 30 20 832 - 862 791 - 821 30 -41 71 21 1447.9 - 1462.9 1495.5 - 1510.9 15 48 33 22 3410 - 3500 3510 - 3600 90 100 10 23 2000 - 2020 2180 - 2200 20 180 160 24 1625.5 - 1660.5 1525 - 1559 34 -101.5 135.5 25 1850 - 1915 1930 - 1995 65 80 15 26 814 - 849 859 - 894 30 / 40 10 27 807 - 824 852 - 869 17 45 28 28 703 - 748 758 - 803 45 55 10 29 n/a 717 - 728 11 30 2305 - 2315 2350 - 2360 10 45 35 31 452.5 - 457.5 462.5 - 467.5 5 10 5
54
(MHz ) (MHz )
33 1900 - 1920 20 34 2010 - 2025 15 35 1850 - 1910 60 36 1930 - 1990 60 37 1910 - 1930 20 38 2570 - 2620 50 39 1880 - 1920 40 40 2300 - 2400 100 41 2496 - 2690 194 42 3400 - 3600 200 43 3600 - 3800 200 44 703 - 803 100
( 2-5 )
55
(LTE ) 2-9-2
(LTE( )2-10 )
(E-UTRAN ) .1
( LTE )( Air Interface )
( B (Node B( eNode B( )(B
( UMTS( )UTRAN ) ( RNC )
(B( )eNode B ( (Node B )
( BSC) ( BTS ) ( RNC)
System Architecture) " "
56
Evolution "SAE")
( Evolved Packet Core( )EPC )
(Evolved Packet System "EPS")( Core Network )
.
(EUTRAN ) ( 2-11 )
("Serving Gateway "S-GW ) .2
( IP )
( eNodeB's )
(.Paging Requests )
57
("PDN-Gateway "P-GW ) .3
(Packet Data Network Gateway)
(UE )
(. QoS"Quality of Service )"
(PCRF ) .4
( Policy and Charging Rules Function )
( Real Time Application ) )(
.
("Mobile Management Entity "MME ) .5
MME
(SGW( )UE ) (Authentication)
(HSS )
.
58
( "Home Subscriber Server "HSS ) .6
( UMTS( )GSM ) ( LTE )
( HLR( )HSS )
( HLR )
(HSS.)
(LTE ) 2-9-3
. .1
.Mbps 100 .2
. .3
. .4
. .5
(.Lagging ) .6
(.Latency ) .7
. .8
. .9
(LTE ) 2-9-4
. .1
59
( Startup Cost ) .2
.
60
(LTE( )UMTS ) -3
: 3-1
( 3GPP )
( UMTS )
( LTE( )Release 99 )
(.Release 9 )
: 3-2
(:LTE( )UMTS ) 3-2-1
( B (Node B ( UTRAN( )UMTS )
( E-UTRAN( )LTE )( RNC )
.( eNode B ) B
(LTE( )UMTS( )3-1 )
61
( LTE ) (EUTRAN )
( eNode B ) B
( UMTS )
Node B) B) ( RNC )
. (Reliability( )Core Network )
(:Core Network ) 3-2-2
( LTE )
(Packet Switching )
( .IP )
Circuit ) (UMTS )
Switching (
(Packet Switching) .
3-3
Kbps 384 UMTS) 2 Mbps )
( HSDPA )
Mbps 14
62
( HSUPA ) Mbps 5.8
(Dual-Cell( )MIMO )
. 10.8 Mbps 84
Mbps 50 Mbps 100( LTE )
( Single Input Single Output )
(.SISO )
)( 3-4
( QPSK( )Release 99 )
(UMTS ) ( Release 99 )
(.64QAM) 64( 16QAM )
( 64QAM) 64( LTE )
( QPSK )
(16QAM 64) 64( QAM. )
63
( B( )B ) 3-5
( FDD( )TDD )
( B( )B )
(.LTE( )Latency )
(Handover ) 3-6
( Intra Frequency( )UMTS )
( Soft Handover )
( Inter Frequency )
( .Hard Handover )
(Soft Handover( )LTE )
( MME )(MME )
(Hard Handover. )
3-7
( WCDMA )( UMTS )
.
64
( OFDMA )( LTE )
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (
Narrowband )
Subcarriers )
(OFDMA (
.
.(OFDMA( )Subcarrier( )3-2 )
Single Carrier Frequency( )SC-FDMA )
Division Multiple Access( )Carrier)
.
(SC-FDMA( )3-3 )
65
3-8
( .Full Duplex )
( LTE( )UMTS )
( .TDD ) (FDD )
("Frequency Division Duplex "FDD ) 3-8-1
( Simultaneously )
( Guard Band )
( Transmitter Signal )
.
(FDD( )3-4 )
66
( Simultaneous ) (FDD )
.
("Time Division Duplex "TDD ) 3-8-2
( TDD )
.( Time Delay )
( Guard Band( )FDD )
( Guard Time( )TDD )
.
(TDD( )3-5 )
67
.
( :Guard Interval )
( Propagation Delay ) .1
(1 Km )( 3.3 ms( 1( mile( 5.4( ms.)
)/( . .2
(FDD( )TDD ) 3-9
( TDD )
( Channel Efficiency( )Guard Time )
( ) ( TDD )
.
( FDD )
( Simultaneous )
.
68
3-10
( IP v4 )( UMTS )
( LTE( )IP v6 )
( .IP v6 )
69
-4
(LTE( )UMTS ) 4-1
.(LTE( )UMTS )
(LTE ) (UMTS )
3GPP 3GPP
) (.
.
UMTS 2 Mbps HSDPA 14 Mbps HSUPA 5.8 Mbps
HSPA + 84 Mbps (DL) HSPA + 10.8 Mbps (UL)
(LTE )
100 Mbps 50 Mbps .
.
.
.
.
.(MIMO )
.
(LTE( )UMTS( )4-1 )
70
(4-1 )
(LTE ) (UMTS )
HSPA HSPA+ MIMO
Dual-Cell
MIMO Dual-Cell
(IP v4 )
(.IP v6 )
(IP v6. )
( FDD ) (TDD.)
( FDD ) (.TDD )
( B( )UTRAN )(NodeB( )RNC.)
( E-UTRAN )(B( )eNodeB )
.
( B( )NodeB )
(RNC ) .
( eNodeB( )B )
.
)(
( QPSK )
(16QAM ) (.64QAM )
( 64QAM )( QPSK )
(.64QAM( )16QAM )
. ( Soft Handoff )
(Hard Handoff.) (Soft Handoff )
(.Hard Handoff )
71
(4-1 )
(LTE ) (UMTS )
(W-CDMA SC-FDMA (UL OFDMA (DL)
. .1 .2
. .3
(WCDMA). . .4 . .5 .6
. .7
. .8
Mobile )Banking.)
. .1 .2
Mbps 100 .
.3 .
.4 .
. .5 .6
(.Lagging ) .7
(Latency.) . .8 .9
.
. .
72
4-2
.
2000 1990 1985 1980 1970 2010 2002 1999 1991 1979
.)(
)(
.
.
(Wideband).
(Broadband ) .(IP )
GSM GPRS UMTS LTE
(UL)
FDMA TDMA/FDMA TDMA/FDMA WCDMA SC-FDMA
(DL)
FDMA TDMA/FDMA TDMA/FDMA WCDMA OFDMA
.
.
( 4-2 )
73
4-3
.
(DL)
(UL)
CSD 9.6 Kbps 9.6 Kbps HSCSD 28.8 Kbps 14.4 Kbps GPRS 115 Kbps 20 Kbps EDGE 384 Kbps 60 Kbps
WCDMA 2 Mbps 153 Kbps HSDPA 14.4 Mbps - HSUPA - 5.8 Mbps HSPA+ 21 Mbps 11 Mbps
Dual-Cell HSPA+
42 Mbps 22 Mbps
Dual-Cell HSPA+
4*4 MMO
168 Mbps 22 Mbps
LTE 100 Mbps 50 Mbps
( 4-3 )
74
(TDD( )FDD ) 4-4
(.TDD( )FDD )
FDD TDD
Guard Band).)
(.(Guard Time
.
(Latency)
(TDD( )FDD( )4-4 )
75
: -5
(.LTE( )UMTS )
.
.
( LTE )
.
( LTE ) ( LTE-Advanced )
(.LTE )
.
76
) ( .1
2013 : :
ISBN 978-9933-9142-0-2
.2
: .
1. From GSM to LTE: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband
Author: Martin Sauter
Publisher: Wiley; 1st edition (March 1, 2011)
2. LTE in a Nutshell: System Overview
White Paper
English References
http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Martin+Sauter&search-alias=stripbooks
77
1. www.3gpp.org 2. www.umtsworld.com 3. www.lteworld.org 4. www.radio-electronics.com 5. www.ossidian.com
Websites
http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.umtsworld.com/http://www.lteworld.org/http://www.radio-electronics.com/http://www.ossidian.com/