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Research Methods 研研研研

Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

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Page 1: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Research Methods研究方法

Page 2: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

• What is research?

• Why research?

• Why learning research methods?

Page 3: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

What is research?

• Careful investigation, especially, of a scholarly or scientific nature

• The process of thoroughly studying and analysing the situational factors surrounding a problem in order to seek out solutions to it ( 一個仔細檢閱、分析問題的各種因素,以提出解決方案的過程 )

• Re-search (search again!)

Page 4: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Why Research?

• To make more accurate ( 正確 ) decisions

• To reduce personal bias when making decisions

Page 5: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

INFORMATION

REDUCES

UNCERTAINTY

我們是否該提供員工

Child-careService?

Page 6: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

The ultimate goal of Research

• Explanation & understanding• Answer questions• Solve problems

Page 7: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

How problems are solved through research?

• 資訊蒐集 Information gathering• 二手資料 secondary data• 一手資料 preliminary data• Data 本質須與問題相關

• 資訊分析 Information analysis

Page 8: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Why learning Research?

• Manager 須仰賴大量且正確的資訊,以為決策的依據

• When buying research service, you need to judge the quality of the research

Page 9: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Types of research

• 依目的區分• Basic R. vs. Applied R.

• 依領域區分• Nature Science R vs. Social Science R

• 依層級區分• Report, Description, Explanation, Predicti

on, & Control

Page 10: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Basic vs. Applied

• Basic research 基礎研究• 較為理論• TO EXPAND THE LIMITS OF HUMAN KNO

WLEDGE• 與單一企業政策無直接關係 (Not directly in

volved in the solution to a problem)• Example:

• 旅館經理的成功秘訣是否與他們的 EQ 有關?

• Location 是否是一個餐廳的致勝因素 ?

Page 11: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Basic vs. Applied

• Applied research 應用研究• 針對某公司或某單位發生之問題而延生出來的研究• 強調實務問題的解決 (real-life problem)• 研究結果可直接影響決策• Answers relate to ACTIONS or POLICY

• Example:• 麥當勞的 McVeggie 是否能為消費者接受 ?

Page 12: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Basic vs. Applied

• 同 : problem solving• 異 : applied research is more directed

to making managerial decisions( 管理決策 )

Page 13: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Nature vs. Social

• Nature• Longer history• More support• variables are more easy t

o measure• More rigorous procedure

s ( 可於實驗室進行,過程可充分掌控 )

• Social• Shorter history• Private sponsor• Variables are very abstract

( 抽象 ) & hard to measure• Research subjects (human)

are harder to control

Page 14: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

The Purpose of Research

• 報告• 報告式研究 Reporting study

• 描述• 描述性研究 Descriptive study

• 解說• 解說性研究 Explanatory study

• 預測• 預測性研究 Predictive study

Page 15: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Report 報告

• 研究的最基本形式• 蒐集次級資料 (i.e., 年度報告 or 報章雜

誌 ) ,並加以彙整 • 資訊蒐集,無提供有力推論

• Example• 學生報告

Page 16: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

描述性研究

• Descriptive study• 針對某依特定事件 ( 變數 ) 進行了解其特徵• 通常會進行第一手資料蒐集• Answer questions WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE,

& HOW (sometimes)• Don’t answer WHY!• 企業實務上非常普遍

• Example• 失業人口報告• 商務旅客特質• 成功經理人特質• 汽車購買行為

Page 17: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Explanation 解說性研究

• Answer WHY & HOW• 以理論、假設為基礎,描述變數之間的關係

• 身高 v.s. 體重• 教育 v.s. 薪資• 顧客滿意度 VS. 再來意願

• 說明變數之間的關係 ( 正相關 / 負相關 )及強度

• 學術上最普遍

Page 18: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Prediction 預測性研究

• 強調因果關係 (cause & effect)• 了解變數關係後,進一步提出變數發生

之預測

Page 19: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Control 控制

• 研究的終極目標•重複相同的條件時,可以得到一個可以

預測的結果• Hard to achieve in social science

Page 20: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

科學研究

• 預先假設自然界存在某種關係,根據理論與假說,進行「有系統的」,「可控制的」,「實證性的」與「批判性的」調查。 (p.10)

Page 21: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Business Research

Page 22: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Business Research

• 企業研究的目的在提供相關資訊,以有系統的調查方法,解決企業問題 (古永嘉 )

• The systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing information to make business decisions (Zikmund).

Page 23: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

• Business research 在經營管理上的價值

• Identifying SWOT

• 選擇,決定,並執行經營管理決策

• 獲取競爭優勢

“ 擁有顧客員工及競爭者的相關資訊昰令人喜悅的”

Page 24: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

• Business research must be objective( 客觀 )

•好的 business research 可促進經營決策的品質進而提升公司經營優勢並間接創造利潤

Page 25: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

When do we need to do business research?

• Factors to consider:

• Time constraints時間限制• Availability of data 資料的即時性• Nature of the decision 決策的本質• Benefits vs. costs 成本與利益

Page 26: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

時間限制 Do we have enough time?

Availability of Data

手中現有的 data 是否能 answering question?

Nature of the decision

Is the business decision important?

Benefits vs. Costs

Is it worthy?

Do Business Research

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Don’t

Do

Business

Research!

Page 27: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Vale 應要大於 Cost 才值得做 research!

Value

不確定因素 決策正確性• Improved 企業經營表現 Higher Profits

Costs•相關研究費用•決策時機 Delay•機密外洩的可能•錯誤研究的誤導

Page 28: Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

Major topics for business research• General Business, Economic, and Corporate Research

• Location 評估• 企業道德• 需求預測• 企業併購• 滿意度研究

• Financial and Accounting Research• 成本分析• 投資風險預測

• Management and Organizational Behavior Research• Leadership style• 組織文化研究• 員工生產力研究

• Sales and Marketing Research• Market-share analysis• 消費者行為研究