Upload
phamnga
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Annals of Library and Information Studies
Vol. 58, September 2011, pp. 237-248
Research output on Artemisia (Artemisia annua): a bibliometric study
Shri Ram
Deputy Librarian, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan – 173234 (Himachal Pradesh),
Email: [email protected]
Artemisia is a herb that yields a natural component known as ‘Artemisinin’ which is being used for the treatment of
Malaria worldwide. This paper uses data indexed in the PubMed database for the period of fifteen years (1996–2010) to
study the research on Artemisia. It has been found that publications on this subject grew to 712 percent in 2010 as compared
to 1996. China is one of the countries that has contributed a number of publications in this area. In India, Central Institute of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh is a leading contributor of literature on Artemisia.
Introduction
Artemisia belongs to the tribe Arthemideae of the
subfamily Asteroideae of Asteraceae. Artemisia is a
large diverse genus of plants with 200-400 species1.
The species Artemisia annua is an annual herb that
grows naturally in the northern part of Chahar and
Suiauan provinces of China at around 1000-1500 m
above sea level. It is now naturalized in many
countries such as USA, Yugoslavia, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Argentina, Italy, France
and Spain and India.
Artemisia annua is the source of Artemisinin and
chemically, Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone
containing an unusual peroxide bridge. It is believed
that this peroxide is responsible for the drug's
mechanism of action. It is efficient against multidrug
resistant strain of Plasmodium, the malaria parasite2,3
.
Governmental and non-governmental organizations,
medical research centers and Food and Health
Organizations are working in close coordination with
research and development institutes to harness the
medicinal values of this plant especially in producing
herbal products. World Health Organization (WHO)
on advice of international experts has recommended
combinations of drugs to replace single drug use in
treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium
falciparum4.
It is estimated that about 3.3 billion people - half of
the world's population - are at a risk of malaria. Every
year, it leads to about 250 million malaria cases and
nearly one million deaths. People living in the poorest
countries are the most vulnerable. WHO in its policies
have made provision and recommended Rapid
Diagnostic Test (RDT) to all patients suspected of
suffering from malaria. As per the guidelines framed
by WHO, confirmed cases of Plasmodium falciparum
malaria must be treated with an Artemisinin-based
combination therapy (ACT)5,6
.
Malaria is a serious problem especially in Africa,
where one in every five (20%) childhood deaths is
due to the effects of the disease. An African child has
on average between 1.6 and 5.4 episodes of malaria
fever each year, and every 30 seconds a child dies
from malaria. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
USA has decided to use the drug Coartem (a
combination drug of two ingredients, a chemical
derivative of Artemisinin and lumefantrine, a broad-
spectrum antibiotic that stays in the body for about
seven days) as part of an expedited review reserved
for life-saving treatments of Malaria. Coartem is the
most effective treatment for Plasmodium falciparum
malaria, the most lethal form7,8
. According to drug-
maker Novartis, Coartem wipes out malaria in more
than 96 percent of patients in regions where malaria
has become resistant to older drugs. Traditional
medicines such as chloroquine work in only 50
percent of patients where the parasite is drug-
resistant.
According to the WHO statistics there were an
estimated 247 million malaria cases in 2006 out of
which nearly 881,000 patients died. Wormseed
(Artemisia absinthium) is another species of
Artemisia being used as powerful biological agent
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
238
against fungi, bacteria and even some harmful insects.
Artemisia tea is also used for strengthening immune
system of AIDS patients. Scientists are working on
Artemisia for the treatment of haemorrhoids, eye
infections, bronchitis, skin complaints - as ointment,
digestion related problems, and as a supportive
treatment for cancer. The medicinal values have
attracted medical scientists as well as biological
scientific community to explore more of the potential
use of this plant for the purpose of medicinal use and
eradication of some of the life threatening diseases
such as AIDS and malaria.
The administration of Artemisinin initiated drugs for
eradication of malaria in India9, its antipyretic and
anti inflammatory effect; strengthening immune
system against AIDS10
; cancer, as well as use of
Artemisia as herbal tea in Chinese community and its
other medicinal uses prompted this bibliometric study
on the research output on this plant.
Objectives of the study
The main objective of this study is to highlight the
publishing patterns and research output of Artemisia
during 1996–2010 indexed in PubMed (available at
http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/). The specific objec-
tives of the study are:
• To find out the growth of publication during this
period;
• To identify the country-wise distribution of
papers;
• To analyze the type of publications;
• To identify language-wise publication patterns;
• To examine the productivity of journals
publishing papers related to Artemisia;
• To unfold the authorship patterns and productivity
amongst the publication of Artemisia; and
• To report the Indian publication activity on
Artemisia.
Methodology
Data was collected from PubMed database of
National Center for Biological Information, USA.
Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) indexing terms
were used to extract bibliographic information. Search
was carried out based on the keywords (Table 1)
available in ‘Title’, ‘MeSH terms’, and ‘Abstract’
limiting the time period i.e., year 1996-2010 (Fifteen
Years) through advanced search feature of PubMed.
The search criteria yielded 1526 records for this
period. After removing irrelevant records which were
not related to Artemisia, 1484 records were used for
data analysis.
Data preparation
XML/XSL transformation scripts have been used for
data extraction and data preparation. XSLT
(EXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is
a method used to convert XML document in any
desired style such as HTML, Excel or Text. XSL
processors transform whole XML documents into
another XML/HTML format according to XSLT style
sheets11
. Here in this study XSLT is used to convert
XML document into HTML table, one of the
prerequisites of bibliometric analysis is to have the
Table 1—MeSH indexing terms of Artemisia
MeSH Terms
Artemisias Mugwort Tarragon Plants Artemisia abrotanum
Sagewort Mugworts Artemisia maritima Artemisia abrotanums
Sageworts Wormwood Artemisia maritimas abrotanum, Artemisia
Sagebrush Wormwoods maritima, Artemisia abrotanums, Artemisia
Sagebrushs Artemisia dracunculus maritimas, Artemisia Southernwood
Wormseed, Levant dracunculus, Artemisia Artemisia vulgaris Southernwoods
Levant Wormseed Tarragon Plant Artemisia vulgari Artemisia judaica
Levant Wormseeds Plant, Tarragon vulgari, Artemisia Artemisia judaicas
Wormseeds, Levant Plants, Tarragon vulgaris, Artemisia judaica, Artemisia
SHRI RAM: RESEARCH OUTPUT ON ARTEMISIA (ARTEMISIA ANNUA): A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
239
data in a table format. In order to convert PubMed
bibliographic data in to HTML table the following
steps were followed:
Step 1: Used web edition of PubMed available at
NCBI (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed);
Step 2: Searching Artemisia publications using
advance search feature;
Step 3: Choosing Medline Format;
Step 4: Exporting bibliographic data as XML format
(Fig. 1).
Step 5: Design of XSL Transformation sheet using
XSL;
Step 6: Use of XSLT for the Transformation of XML
document into HTML Table (Fig. 2).
Analysis
Publication types
Artemisia related papers have been published in
variety of publication types. Table 2 depicts the
overall picture of various types of the Artemisia
publications as indexed in PubMed.
Majority of the papers have been published in the
form of journal articles. PubMed indexes publication
types under different headings such as research
support, English abstract, case studies, clinical trials,
etc. A total of 1228 publications amounting to 82.75
percent of articles are indexed as journal articles and
123 publications amounting to 8.29 percent papers are
comparative studies and the remaining literature
published differently as given in Table 2.
Language of publications
Majority of the papers have been published in English
language (89.22%). Table 3 shows that 7.95 percent
articles were published in Chinese, 0.81 percent
article came in Japanese language along with 0.74
percent in French and 0.34 percent in Russian.
Research output on Artemisia
A total of 1484 articles were published on Artemisia
during the period of fifteen years (1996 – 2010).
Table 4 and Fig. 3 shows there has been a consistent
growth during the period 1996-2010.
It is seen that from 25 articles in 1996, the research
output has grown to 203 articles in 2010 with an
increase in growth of 712 percent. This is an indicator
of global research interest in the field on Artemisia.
Country-wise distribution of publication in Artemisia
Table 4 shows the distribution of Artemisia
publications globally. Amongst the top 20 countries,
Fig. 1—Typical Medline record in XML format
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
240
China contributes majority of the publications (24%)
followed by USA (16%), Korea (12%) and Italy (5%).
Other countries like Germany, Japan, Spain and India
have a share of 4 percent each. UK, France, Austria
and Iran have 3 percent; Argentina, Netherlands and
Canada shares 2 percent each, while south Africa,
Turkey, Sweden, Brazil, Egypt and Poland shares 1
percent of total publications.
Total of 52 countries are having its participation of
the Artemisia publications. Out of the total 1484
publications, 1312 publication (88.41%) of the
contribution came from these 21 countries listed in
Table 5 and remaining of about 11 percent of the
publications came from rest of the countries of the
world.
Authorship pattern
Table 6 gives the authorship patterns of Artemisia
publications published in PubMed during the period
of 1996-2010. It can be seen the table that majority of
the papers have joint authorship with a large number
of papers authored by two to twelve authors (Fig 4).
The distribution of the authorship pattern and
contributed papers is given in Table 7. There are 4040
(79.23%) authors who have contributed at least one
paper on Artemisia during the period of study, either
Fig. 2—HTML table conversion using XML/XSL transformation with basic bibliographic information
Fig. 3—Growth of literature on Artemisia indexed in PubMed
SHRI RAM: RESEARCH OUTPUT ON ARTEMISIA (ARTEMISIA ANNUA): A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
241
singly or in collaboration with the others. There are
eight authors who have ten or more than ten papers to
their credit.
Journal productivity
The 1484 Artemisia publications are distributed
amongst 482 journals published globally. Table 8
gives a ranking of top thirty journals in which ten or
more than ten documents on Artemisia are published.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology has published highest
number of 66 articles (4.45%) up to 2010.
India’s contribution to Artemisia research
India is one of the countries in the world where the
cases of malaria are prominent. The WHO in 2008
reported that there had been 10.6 million cases of
malaria and 15,000 deaths from this disease during
2006. There are various approaches applied by
scientists to estimate the global burden of P.
falciparum, one of which is “Malaria Atlas Project”12
.
According to a report by scientists concerned with it,
the extent of disease caused by P. falciparum has
been about 102 million in 200713
in India. P.
Table 2—Types of Artemisia publication indexed in PubMed
Sl. no. Publication types Total count Percentage (%)
1 Journal article 1228 82.75
2 Comparative study 123 8.29
3 Case reports 26 1.75
4 Historical article 21 1.42
5 Clinical trial 18 1.21
6 Letter 16 1.08
7 In Vitro 15 1.01
8 Comment 13 0.88
9 Evaluation studies 11 0.74
10 Biography 5 0.34
11 Congresses 1 0.07
12 Editorial 1 0.07
13 Not available 6 0.4
Total 1484 100
Fig. 4—Authorship patterns
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
242
falciparum infections are particularly high in forested
areas, inhabited by ethnic tribes. These areas include
the states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh. The other type of malaria which is
caused by Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) is usually less
lethal than P. falciparum. Almost half of the cases of
malaria in the country account for P. vivax.
Scientists are of the opinion that it is essential to
obtain a true picture of the burden of malaria in India
as it would enable to set up priorities in planning and
resource allocation of budget for its control and
gradual eradication. The National Anti-malaria
program was initiated in 1953. Over the last 54 years,
the problem of malaria has been effectively controlled
over the most parts of the country. The remaining
high endemic areas contribute 80 percent of burden of
disease in the country. These areas where P. vivax are
affecting Indian population is the remote and
inaccessible areas spread across the North Eastern
States, Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhatisgarh,
Table 3—Language of publication
Sl. no. Language of Publications Total Papers Percentage (%)
1 English (Eng) 1324 89.22
2 Chineese (Chi) 118 7.95
3 Japanese (Jpn) 12 0.81
4 French (Fre) 11 0.74
5 Russian (Rus) 5 0.34
6 German (Ger) 4 0.27
7 Polish (Pol) 3 0.20
8 Spanish (Spa) 2 0.13
9 Bosnian (Bos) 1 0.07
10 Mande language (dan) Spoken in Liberia 1 0.07
11 Dutch (Dut) 1 0.07
12 Korean (Kor) 1 0.07
13 Norvenian (Nor) 1 0.07
Total 1484 100.00
Table 4—Year-wise publication of Artemisia literature
Sl. no. Year No. of publications Percentage Cumulative percentage
1 1996 25 1.68 1.68
2 1997 30 2.02 3.71
3 1998 42 2.83 6.54
4 1999 39 2.63 9.16
5 2000 58 3.91 13.07
6 2001 61 4.11 17.18
7 2002 87 5.86 23.05
8 2003 84 5.66 28.71
9 2004 114 7.68 36.39
10 2005 117 7.88 44.27
11 2006 139 9.37 53.64
12 2007 136 9.16 62.8
13 2008 167 11.25 74.06
14 2009 182 12.26 86.32
15 2010 203 13.68 100
Total 1484 100
SHRI RAM: RESEARCH OUTPUT ON ARTEMISIA (ARTEMISIA ANNUA): A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
243
Table 5—Country wise distribution of publication on Artemisia
Sl. no. Country Number of publications Percentage (%)
1 China 315 21.18
2 USA 212 14.26
3 Korea 159 10.69
4 Italy 69 4.64
5 Germany 60 4.03
6 Japan 54 3.64
7 Spain 54 3.64
8 India 56 3.77
9 UK 44 2.96
10 France 37 2.49
11 Austria 36 2.43
12 Iran 36 2.43
13 Argentina 31 2.09
14 Netherlands 24 1.62
15 Canada 23 1.55
16 South Africa 19 1.28
17 Sweden 19 1.28
18 Turkey 18 1.21
19 Brazil 16 1.08
20 Egypt 15 1.01
21 Poland 15 1.01
Total 1312 88.41
Table 6—Authorship distribution of articles on Artemisia
Number of authors Number of articles Number of authors
0 3 0
1 88 88
2 181 362
3 221 663
4 258 1032
5 231 1155
6 152 912
7 133 931
8 77 616
9 35 315
10 40 400
11 26 286
12 16 192
13 10 130
14 4 56
15 3 45
16 1 16
20 1 20
23 1 23
24 1 24
26 1 26
32 1 32
Total 1484 7324
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
244
Table 7—Authors and their contribution of papers on Artemisia
Number of papers contributed No. of authors Percent (%)
1 4040 79.23
2 760 14.9
3 164 3.22
4 57 1.12
5 36 0.71
6 18 0.35
7 5 0.1
8 7 0.14
9 4 0.08
10 3 0.06
11 3 0.06
12 1 0.02
13 1 0.02
Total 5099 100
Table 8—Top 30 Journals published more than ten articles on Artemisia
Sl. no. Journals Papers published Percent (%)
1 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66 4.45
2 Planta Medica 54 3.64
3 Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 37 2.49
4 Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao = The Journal of Applied Ecology (Chinese) 33 2.22
5 Phytochemistry 26 1.75
6 Phytotherapy Research : PTR 26 1.75
7 Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 24 1.62
8 Journal of Natural Products 21 1.42
9 Archives of Pharmacology Research 19 1.28
10 Allergy 17 1.15
11 Oecologia 17 1.15
12 Journal of Chromatography. A 16 1.08
13 Journal of Chemical Ecology 15 1.01
14 Natural Product Communications 15 1.01
15 Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 14 0.94
16 Zhong Yao Cai = Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials 14 0.94
17 Fitoterapia 13 0.88
18 International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 13 0.88
19 Allergologia et Immunopathologia 12 0.81
20 Clinical and Experimental Allergy 12 0.81
21 Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology 12 0.81
22 Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 11 0.74
23 Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 11 0.74
24 International Journal of Biometeorology 11 0.74
25 Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 10 0.67
26 Environmental Management 10 0.67
27 Food and Chemical Toxicology 10 0.67
28 Natural Product Research 10 0.67
29 Plant Cell Reports 10 0.67
30 Veterinary Parasitology 10 0.67
SHRI RAM: RESEARCH OUTPUT ON ARTEMISIA (ARTEMISIA ANNUA): A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
245
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
and Andhra Pradesh14
. Some of the strategies and
control of malaria adopted by Ministry of Health,
Government of India being implemented as early case
detection and prompt treatment (EDPT); integrated
vector control; information, education,
communication towards personal prevention,
community participation and institutional
management capacity building.
Research groups from the India have published many
works on the extraction of Artemisinin from its plant
source, Artemisia annua. Some key organization like
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Fig. 5—Contribution of Indian states on Artemisia research
Table 9—Indian authorship patterns
Authorship patterns No. of authors Percent (%) Cumulative percentage
1 1 0.47 0.47
2 18 8.41 8.88
3 42 19.63 28.5
4 64 29.91 58.41
5 45 21.03 79.44
6 30 14.02 93.46
7 14 6.54 100
Total 214 100
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
246
Table 10—Indian publications on Artemisia with more than 10 citations
Sl.
no.
Article Total number
of citations
since
published
1 Dhingra V, Rao K Vishweshwar and Narasu, M Lakshmi Current status of artemisinin and its derivatives as
antimalarial drugs, Life Sciences, 66(4) (1999) 279-300.
150
2 Abdin, M Z, Israr, M Rehman, R U and Jain S K Artemisinin, a novel antimalarial drug: biochemical and
molecular approaches for enhanced production, Planta Medica 69(4) (2003) 289-299.
98
3 Thatte U, Bagadey, S and Dahanukar S, Modulation of programmed cell death by medicinal plants, Cellular
and Molecular Biology, 46(1) (2000) 199-214.
85
4 Tripathi A K, Prajapati V, Aggarwal K K, Khanuja S P and Kumar S, Repellency and toxicity of oil from
Artemisia annua to certain stored-product beetles, Journal of Economic Entomology, 93(1) (2000) 43-47.
65
5 Sriram D, Rao V S, Chandrasekhara, K V G and Yogeeswari, P, Progress in the research of artemisinin and
its analogues as antimalarials: an update, Natural Product Research, 18(6) (2004) 503-527.
60
6 Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan P, Rajasekharan S, Evans D A, Latha P G and Valsaraj R, Effects of
Artemisia pallens Wall. on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 50(1) (1996) 13-17.
51
7 Tripathi A K, Prajapati V, Aggarwal K K and Kumar S, Toxicity, feeding deterrence, and effect of activity of
1,8-cineole from Artemisia annua on progeny production of Tribolium castanaeum (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae), Journal of Economic Entomology, 94(4) (2001) 979-83.
28
8 Sangwan R S, Sangwan, N S, Jain D C, Kumar S and Ranade S A, RAPD profile based genetic
characterization of chemotypic variants of Artemisia annua L, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
International, 47(6) (1999) 935-344.
27
9 Sharma P, Mohan L and Srivastava C N, Phytoextract-induced developmental deformities in malaria vector.,
Bioresource Technology, 97(14) (2006) 1599-1604.
23
10 Dhingra V and Narasu, M L, Purification and characterization of an enzyme involved in biochemical
transformation of arteannuin B to artemisinin from Artemisia annua, Biochemical and Biophyscial Research
Communications, 281(2) (2001) 558-561.
24
11 Sen R, Bandyopadhyay S, Dutta A, Mandal G, Ganguly S, Saha P and Chatterjee, M, Artemisinin triggers
induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Leishmania donovani promastigotes, Journal of Medical
Microbiology, 56(9) (2007) 1213-1218.
31
12 Senthilkumar N, Varma P and Gurusubramanian G, Larvicidal and adulticidal activities of some medicinal
plants against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston), Parasitology Research, 104(2) (2009) 237-
244.
22
13 Baldi A and Dixit V K, Yield enhancement strategies for artemisinin production by suspension cultures of
Artemisia annua, Bioresource Technology, 99(11) (2008) 4609-4614.
20
14 Bhandari P, Gupta A P, Singh B, and Kaul V K, Simultaneous densitometric determination of artemisinin,
artemisinic acid and arteannuin-B in Artemisia annua using reversed-phase thin layer chromatography,
Journal of Separation Science, 28(17) (2005) 2288-2292.
16
15 Sharma P and Sharma, J D, Plants showing antiplasmodial activity--from crude extracts to isolated
compounds, Indian Journal of Malariology, 35(2) (1998) 57-110.
16
16 Ram M, Gupta M M, Dwivedi S and Kumar S, Effect of plant density on the yields of artemisinin and
essential oil in Artemisia annua cropped under low input cost management in North-Central India, Planta
Medica, 63(4) (1997) 372-374.
15
17 Singh B, Srivastava J S, Khosa R L and Singh, U P, Individual and combined effects of berberine and
santonin on spore germination of some fungi, Folia Microbiologica, 46(2) (2001) 137-142.
14
18 Kapoor R, Chaudhary V and Bhatnagar A K, Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application
on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L., Micorrhiza, 17(7) (2007) 581-587.
14
19 Banerjee S, Zehra M, Gupta M M and Kumar S, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of
Artemisia annua: production of transgenic plants, Planta Medica, 63(5) (1997) 467-469.
13
20 Sukul N C, Ghosh S and Sinhababu S P, Reduction in the number of infective Trichinella spiralis larvae in
mice by use of homeopathic drugs, Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd, 12(4) (2005) 202-205.
11
21 Kiran U and Patra D D, Medicinal and aromatic plant materials as nitrification inhibitors for augmenting
yield and nitrogen uptake of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. Var. Piperascens), Bioresource Technology,
86(3) (2003) 267-76.
10
SHRI RAM: RESEARCH OUTPUT ON ARTEMISIA (ARTEMISIA ANNUA): A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY
247
(CIMAP), Lucknow, University of Delhi, Institute of
Himalayan Resource, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh
are working on Artemisia research. Figure 5 shows
the Indian states contribution to Artemisia research.
Table 9 presents the authorship patterns of Indian
authors contributing papers on Artemisia research.
Two hundred and fourteen authors have contributed
the 56 papers during the period of 1996-2010.
Table 10 present the status of Indian author’s
contribution with more than 10 citations based on
citation count available through Google Scholar15
. All
the 56 Indian publications were individually searched
at http://scholar.google.com and the number of
citation were noted down with more than 10 citations.
The article entitled “Current status of artemisinin and
its derivatives as antimalarial drugs” contributed by
Dhingra, V; Vishweshwar Rao, K; Lakshmi Narasu,
M, published in 1999, received the highest number of
citation i.e., 150 received as on the date of
communication of this paper.
Conclusion
Artemisia is one of the important medicinal herbs
yields ‘Artemisinin’ compound. It has been used in
China in the treatment of fevers for more than 1000
years. Artemisinin has a high therapeutic index in
treatment of the malaria. This compound is gaining
importance as it is now being administered globally
and research in Artemisia in growing as reflected in
this study. The publications of Artemisia mostly
appeared in the form of journals articles (87%) and in
English language (89.22%). There were 52 countries
participated in the research publication and China has
contributed highest number of articles with 315
(21.18%) and ranked number during the period of
study, where as India’s position is eighth with 56
publication spread over the period of 15 years. Most
of the papers have been written as joint authorship
and the author’s collaboration is highest between 2 to
12 authors. Journal of Eethnopharmacology
published by Elsevier B.V. got highest number of
article published with 66 publications. The Indian
scientists too actively working in this area and their
contribution is being recognized globally. The article
published by V. Dhingra et al got highest number of
Google Scholar® Citation (150 citations) since 1999
of its publication in the journal Life Science. The
medicinal value of Artemisinin is being used as a
supplement for the treatment of various diseases such
as P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria and
immune system related diseases such as AIDS. This
study is limited to some of the very basic bibliometric
analysis. Scientometric studies on Artemisia based on
other need to be carried out to compare with the
findings of the present study.
References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Informat
ion_System (Accessed on 28 September 2011).
2. Ro D K, Production of antimalarial drug precursor
Artemisinic Acid in engineered yeast, Nature, 440 (13)
(2006) 940-946.
3. Watson L E, Bates P L, Evans T M, Unwin M M, and Estes J
R, Molecular phylogeny of subtribe Artemisiinae
(Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate
genera, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2 (1) (2002) 1.
4. WHO World Malaria Report. Available at
http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/en/
(Accessed on 3 March 2011).
5. WHO Recommendations on Malaria Treatment, Available at
http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/cmc_upload/0/000/015/364/
RBMInfosheet_9.htm (Accessed on 2 March 2011).
6. Jordon L, What is Artemisinin? Available at:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=artemisini
n-coartem-malaria-novartis, (Accessed on 2 March 2011).
7. Facts of ACTS: Artemisinin based combination therapy,
Available at: www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Drug_Policy_
RBMInfosheet_9.pdf (Accessed on 2 March 2011).
8. Watson L E, Bates P L, Evans T M, Unwin M M and Estes J
R, Molecular phylogeny of subtribe Artemisinae
(Asteraceae), including Artemisia and its allied and segregate
genera, BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology, 2 (17) (2002).
9. Sharma V P, Artemisinin drug in the treatment of
Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India, Current Science, 90
(10) (2006) 1323-1324.
10. Wang Z, Qiu J, Guo T B, Liu A, Wang Y, Li Y and Zhang J
Z, Anti-inflammatory properties and regulatory mechanism
of a novel derivative of Artemisinin in experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Immunology
179(9) (2007) 5958-65.
11. W3C, Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL).
http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/, 2001.
12. Hay S I, Guerra C A, Gething P W, et al, A world malaria
ANN. LIB. INF. STU., SEPTEMBER 2011
248
map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2007. PLoS Med
6(2009) e1000048.
13. Hay S I, Gething P W and Snow R W, India’s invisible
malaria burden, The Lancet, 376 (9754) (2010) 1716-1717.
14. http://whoindia.org/LinkFiles/Malaria_Country_Profile-
Malaria.pdf (Accessed on 3 April 2011).
15. Google Scholar. http://scholar.google.co.in/ (Accessed on 22
September 2011).