REVIT 2009

Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture Nguyn Phc Thin 1

Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIM

A. M u

I. Gii thiu Revit Architecture l mt phn mm dng cho ngnh thit k kin trc ca hng AutoDesk c sn xut theo khuynh hng BIM. Ni dung ca chng ny l trnh by nhng kin thc c bn ngi s dng bit c Revit Architecture lm c g v lm nh th no cho minh khi s dng n,

II. Mc ch Sau khi hon tt nghin cu v thc hnh chung ny, ngi s dng s Hiu c thit k kin trc vi s h tr ca my tnh theo khuynh hng BIM. Bc u quen thuc vi giao din v c im hot ng ca Revit Architecture Mt s thao tc c bn trong vic thit k mt cng trnh kin trc Ban u hnh thnh mt phong cch t duy thit k vi my tnh l cng c h tr tht s

ch my tnh ch thay bt thc trong qu trnh lm vic.

B. Ni dung

I. Lch s ca Revit Building i vi nhng ngi lm thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam , cc phn mm ca Hng AutoDesk l kh quen thuc. Ho khng xa l g vi cc phn mm nh ACAD, 3D Studio, 3D Max, 3D Viz . . . Sau hn mt thp nin s dng , ho quen thuc n xem nh y l nhng phn mm c bn cho ngnh thit k xy dng . Hin nay, phn ln cc c s o to ngnh thit k kin trc vn con tip tc dy phn mm ACAD nh l phn mm chuyn ngnh. Phn mm ACAD cho cng vic thit k kin trc trong th ky 21 c hiu qu hay khng? C l chng ta nghe ni n nhng phn mm khc nh Architectural Desktop, Micro Station, ArchiCad . . . ca nhiu hng khc nhau. Vy th ta nn chon phn mm no cho cng vic thit k hin nay. Tht ra, mi phn mm u c u khuyt im ring ca mnh. Vn t ra khng phi l phn mm no hay hay d, m mi c nhn u phi t mnh tm ra phn mm thch hp cho cng vic hng ngy. tng chnh xc cho vic chon la ny, chng ta s xem li lich s pht trin cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk pht hnh cho ngnh thit k xy dng.

1. Cac phn mm ca hang AutoDesk cho ngnh thit k kin truc a. Khai nim v CAD CAD l vit tt ca cm t Computer Aided Design (my tnh tr gip thit k ) ng thi cung l c mun ca con ngi trong thi i tin hoc. Ni chung, thit k l mt cng vic ca nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau . Tuy nhin, i vi ngnh thit k xy dng th iu



ban u c hiu nh l s xut hin ca hnh nh trn mn hnh theo y mun ca ngi s dng. to lp mt hnh nh trn mn hnh, my tnh da vo 2 nguyn ly ca ngnh ton hnh hoc :

Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc c in : hnh nh l tp hp cc im . Da vo nguyn ly ny s c hnh nh dng raster. y l dng hnh nh cui cng c to thnh bi cc phn mm nh 3D Max, 3D Viz . . .

Mt im ca hnh nh c biu thi trn mn hnh bng mt pixel . Mt pixel c qun ly bi cc thuc tnh nh vi tr, mu sc . . . V vy, mt hnh nh c kch thc hnh hoc cng ln th s pixel cng nhiu , keo theo yu c u nhiu ti nguyn ca phn cng qun ly thng tin. H qu l dung lng file cng ln , phn mm s x ly chm Hnh raster thng c nhng u im c bn l : mu sc v to hnh phong ph gn vi thc t.

Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc giai tich : hnh nh l thi ca mt hm s y = f(x). Da vo nguyn ly ny s c hnh nh dng vector . y l dng hnh nh c to ra bi phn mm nh ACAD

Mt hnh nh vector c qun ly bng mt hm s v mt vi thng s . Do , d kch thc hnh nh ln hay nho cung khng nh hng nhiu n dung lung file. Hnh vector thng c nhng c im : n sc, to hnh kem phong ph so vi hnh raster. C th to hnh phong ph hn , nhng v cn nhiu hm s hoc hm s bc cao nn dn n l dung lng file tng theo , nhng vn khng ln bng hnh raster cng mt ni dung.

Vy ngi lm thit k kin trc s dng loai phn mm no, kt qu l hnh raster hay vector, cho cng vic hng ngy ca mnh ? Cu tra li l ca hai. C vector ln raster, ty thuc vo giai oan no trong qu trnh thit k : qu trnh thit k cc khng gian chc nng, vector hiu qu hn; qu trnh nghin cu vt liu v mu, raster hiu qu hn. Bn cnh , ngoai nhng hnh nh thy c trn mn hnh l thng tin hnh hoc (graphic information), ngi lm thit k kin trc con cn n nhng thng tin khng phi l hnh nh goi l thng tin phi hnh hoc (non-graphic information ) nh din tch , th t ch, khi lng . . . ca cng vic m ho ang lm. Xem hnh 1.B.I.1a Da trn nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc, khng ch ngnh thit k cng trnh m cc b mn lin quan n mt d n nh ti chnh, qun ly d n . . . s khai thc thc c th cho cng vic ca mnh phc v d n.



V d : hin nay, Vit Nam chng ta, kh c mt d n no c th a ra tng vn u t mt cch chnh xc. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng nguyn nhn ch yu l khu thit k khng c mt cng c tnh ton khi lng thit k mt cc nhanh chng v ng tin cy m hu nh da hon ton vo con ngi. Nu ngi thit k s dng cc phn mm theo khuynh hng BIM thit k th khi lng s c tnh ton mt cch t ng v hon toan chnh xc theo nhng g xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hnh 1.B.I.1 Trn c s hai phng thc hnh thnh nh trn, cc phn mm CAD to lp cc hnh thc xut hin gm :

Surface Model : Ruled Surfaces Solid Modeling NURB Surface Modeling Parametric Modeling

Xem hnh 1.B.I.2

Surface Models

Ruled Surface

Solid Modeling

NURB Surface Modeling

Parametric Modeling

Hnh 1.B.I.2



Trong 5 thnh phn c bn trn th Solid Modeling v Parametric Modeling c ngnh thit k kin trc s dng nhiu hn c. Modelling c m hnh ho thnh cc m hnh di y :

Box : khi hp Cylinder : khi tr Cone : khi nn Torus : khi vong xuyn Wedge : khi hnh nm Sphere : khi cu

Box

Cylinder

Cone

Wedge

Torus

Sphere

Hnh 1.B.I.3

T cc m hnh c bn v da trn nguyn ly ca bin hnh Morphology, mt s lnh c dng to hnh theo tr tng tng ngi s dng. Da vo nhng yu t va cp trn y , hng AutoDesk ln lt xut bn nhng phn mm khc nhau cho ngnh thit k xy dng. b. Cac phn mm cho ngnh thit k xy dng ca hang AutoDesk

Trong nhng nm 90, ACAD l phn mm c ngi thit k kin trc s dng ph bin nht khi thit k hnh hoc vector (m nh im l ACAD R.14 hin nay l phin bn 2008), v 3D Max (nh im l phin bn 5.0, hin nay l phin bn 9.0)



khi thit k hnh hoc raster. y c xem nh l nhng phn mm ng dng cng ngh th nht l CAD. Nhn vo hin trng s dng ti Vit Nam, ACAD c s dng nh l mt cng c v k thut. CAD ch c y ngha nh l Computer Aided Drawing. Mt s ngi c kh nng lp trnh bng AutoLisp pht trin thm mt s lnh chuyn ngnh kn trc. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny cung khng th hn na v thiu nhng c s php ly mang tnh v m. iu ny c th hin c th qua s vic l n nay Vit Nam vn cha c mt quy chun v t tn Layer (Hip Hi Kin Trc S Hoa K ban hnh tiu chun ny t nm 1994). Trc khi xut bn ACAD 2000, AutoDesk c th nghim mt phin bn 14.1 goi tn l Architectural Desktop. Phn mm ny l s kt hp gia phn mm Acad v AEC (truc y ca hng SoftDesk). y l phin bn dnh ring cho ngi tht k kin trc. Ngi s dng n nhn phin bn ny mt cc nng nhit v ho thy rng y ng l mt phn mm CAD ng ngha (Computer Aided Design). Tuy nhin, cng s dng ho cng thy thiu nhng cng c cn thit. AutoDesk tip tc pht trin cho n phin bn Architectural Desktop 2006 c xem nh l phin bn c s dng ph bin nht.

n nhng nm u th ky 21, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii s dng

Architectural Desktop cho thit k Vector v Viz Render cho thit k raster hoc dng trc tip v 3D Viz nu ch mun to c kt qu thit k kin trc bng hnh raster. Hin nay, Architectural Desktop s dng phin bn 2008. y l nhng ng dng ca cng ngh th 2 goi l cng ngh CAD Objects. Architectural Desktop l mt phn mm c pht trin da trn nn ca phn ACAD nhng theo hng BIM (Building Information Modelling xem phn gii thch bn di). Vi phn mm ny, ngi thit k kin trc thay i hn cch lm vic ca mnh. Ho khng con phi lm vic nh khi dng phn mm ACAD (phng php lm vic nh vi bt thc). Ho khng phi nghin cu i tng bng mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . m ch nghin cu hoan toan trn hnh 3D. Tt c nhng thng tin hnh hoc nh mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . hay thng tin phi hnh hoc nh khi lng thit k, s lng vt t . . . u c trch xut t ng t m hnh 3D. CAD ca ngnh thit k kin trc tr thnh mt b mn mi ca ngnh tin hoc v mang tn CAADD (Computer Aided Architectural Design and Database). Tuy nhin, do da trn phn mm ACAD nn Architectual Desktop c nhng hn ch nh : mt s chi tit kin trc (nh mi vom) khng th c phn mm thit k t ng theo hng BIM c; mun s dng phn mm phi s dng c ACAD; nm bt c chng trnh phc v cho cng vic thit k khng phi l mt vic d dng. Ngoai ra, s hiu bit su sc v y mt s lnh nh Pedit, Line, Poyline, Xef . . . ca Acad l rt cn thit s dng c Architectural Desktop.



C l rng, y chnh l nguyn nhn nhng ngi thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam tuy thy c nhng li ch qu thit thc ca Architectuarl Desktop cho cng vic ca mnh, nhng s dng kh hn ch.

n u nm 2006, vi phin bn 9 ca Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii c mt cng c kh ly tng cho cng vic hng ngy ca mnh. Tuy l mt sn phm ca mt hng phn mm quen thuc l AutoDesk, nhng ngi thit k kin trc Vit Nam rt t bit n. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng c l nguyn nhn quan trong nht l khng y n mt trong nhng c s ly lun quan trong Revit Architecture xut hin v nhn c s n nhn nng nhit ca th gii l khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng.

Vi Revit Building, ngi s dng khng cn phi hoc Acad, 3D Max . . . m ch cn bit nhng kin thc c bn tin hoc l p ng c yu cu hoc.

2. Revit Building v cac phn mm thit k xy dng a. Khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng

BIM (Building Information Modeling m hnh thng tin xy dng) l mt khuynh hng ng i ca ngnh cng nghip xy dng ca mt s quc gia m c th l M. y l mt hng i c tnh bt buc theo nghi ca BOMA (Building Operater Manager Association Hip hi nhng nh vn hnh v qun ly cng trnh xy dng). Trong thi i tin hoc, nhng ngi ca BOMA khng coi h s thit k ch c gi tri trong giai oan xy dng cng trnh m con phi l mt vn kin c s qun ly v vn hnh cng trnh khi cng trnh c a vo hoat ng. i vi ho vic oc mt h s thit k l qu phc tp v phi cn n nhng kin thc chuyn mn ca ngnh xy dng. V vy, ho yu cu phi c mt m hnh 3D (ho s d oc v d hiu hn) gn nhng thng tin cn thit vo , khi cn ho s truy xut nhng thng tin hoc t c nhng thng tin mi.

b. Cng ngh PBM Cng ngh PBM (Parametric Building Model M hnh cng trnh xy dng c cha thng s) c AutoDesk a ra v goi l cng ngh th 3 phn bit vi cng ngh CAD (th 1) v CAD Objects (cng ngh th 2). Vi cng ngh ny th mt gi gii php c Autidesk a Revit Architecture phc v ngnnh thit k xy dng : Revit Building l mt phn mm dng cho chuyn ngnh thit k kin trc, Revit Structure l phn mm thit k kt cu t cc d liu do cc phn mm phn

tch kt cu Robot, Etabs, Risa. . . a Revit Architecture theo chun IFC. Revit MEP l phn mm thit k MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) Cc phn mm theo cng ngh th 1 v 2 nu mun lm vic c theo gi gii php ny cn thng qua Revit.



Revit Building c kh nng to hnh khi dng cung nh cc chi tit phong ph v linh ng hn nhiu so vi cc phn mm CAD. Ngoi ra, khi s dng phn mm thuc cng ngh PBM, nhng vic nh thng k khi lng (gch, xi mng, thep, vn khun . . . ni chung l nhng vt liu c mt trong cng trnh xy dng) s c phn mm t ng sn sinh. H s thit k k thut c phn mm qun ly mt cch chc ch v chnh xc. V khng ch c vy, ngi s dng c c tt c nhng thng tin hnh hoc v phi hnh hoc ca cng trnh ti bt thi im k ca qu trnh xy dng. V nhng c im ny, mt s nh chuyn mn v xy dng goi y l phn mm 4D (3D + chiu thi gian). Bn cnh , Revit Building l mt trong nhng phn mm him hoi ca ngnh thit k kin trc lm vic theo c hai inh dng nh vector v raster, tc x ly nhanh, chim dung lng a cng thp, ch cn c trnh tin hoc cn bn (nh Microsoft Word, chi nhng game n gin) ch khng cn bit s dng ACAD (mt yu cu quan trong khi hoc Architectural Desktop). Ch S dng Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc khng ch c mt h s thit k k thut m con c h s trnh din nh cc phi cnh ni ngoai tht cng trnh bt k gc no, ti bt k vi tr ia ly no, vo bt k thi im vo trong nm, cc oan phim chuyn ng.

Hnh 1.B.I.4



Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk c mt c im goi l Mid-Price Software (phn mm gi trung bnh. C nhng phn mm c vi tnh nng vt tri ca cc hng khc, nhng i vi hiu qu kinh t trong thit k th AutoDesk vn c coi l s la chon hang u. n nay, ACAD c 17 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ACAD 2008), 7 phin bn c 7 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ADT 2008) trong sut qu trnh tn ti ca mnh trong hn 20 nm. Revit Building ch mi hnh thnh v xut hin trong 4 nm gn y, nhng cung c n 4 phin bn v phin bn mi nht tn l Revit Architecture 2008. Qua y chng ta cung thy r gi tri ca Revit Architecture trong ngnh cng nghip ngy nay trn th gii. Vic s dng Revit Architecture Vit nam trong giai oan hin nay v sp n cn c khuyn khch. c c cng mt kt qu, vic hoc tp s dng Revit Architecture ch chim thi gian hoc cc phn mm khc. Ngoai Revit Architecture, nng sut lm vic s tng t nht 400% i vi nhng ngi ang lm vic vi nhng phn mm hin dung. Nh vy vic s dng Revit Architecture khng ch l mt yu cu ca ring bn thn ngnh thit k kin trc m con l yu cu ca ngnh thit k xy dng c th lm vic theo hnh thc TeamWork.

II. Cu truc v c im ca Revit Architecture Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, giao din nh hnh v 1.B.II.1.B. Chng ta nhn xet rng giao din tng t nh giao din ca phn mm Microsoft Word. C 9 thnh phn cu to nn giao din ca Revit Building gm : Menu, Tool Bar, Option Bar, Type Selector, Design bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View Control Bar v Drawing Area. Di y s kho st bit chc nng tng qut ca tng thnh phn

Hnh 1.B.II.1



1. Giao din ca Revit Architecture a. Menu :

Hnh 1.B.II.2 : Menu Gm c 10 ct lnh, bn trong cc ct lnh cha cc lnh c ghi bng ch. Cu trc ny tng t nh chng trnh Micropsoft Window hay Excel (v d cc ct lnh File, Edit, Window, Help). T cc ct lnh ny, ngi s dng c th truy nhp gn nh toan b cc lnh

b. Tool Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.3 : Tool Bar y l ni cha cc nhm lnh nh l nhng cng c thi cng trong cng trng xy dng. Nu bit qua ACAD hay ADT th ngi s dng s cm thy quen thuc. Tuy nhin, so vi 2 phn mm trn th nhm Tool Bar ny c ni dung hoat ng phong ph hn rt nhiu.

c. Option bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.4 : Option Bar Sau khi chon c lnh th y l ni chon cc c tnh ca cc chi tit kin trc m ta mun a vo cng trnh.

d. Type Selector :

Hnh 1.B.II.5 : Type Bar



L ni chon s khc nhau (nh kch thuc, chng loai . . ) cho mi t hp chi tit kin trc (nh ca, tung . . . ) m ngi s dng mun a vo thit k ca mnh. Nhng c tnh ca mi t hp nh vy c goi l Properties.

e. Design Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.6 : Design bar y l ni th 3 m ngi s dng c th s dng truy nhp gn nh cc lnh chon la cc thnh phn ca mt cng trnh v c phn chia thnh 8 nhm : Basic View Modelling Draft Rendering Site Massing Area Analysis Structure Construction Cc nhm lnh thng xuyn s dng l : Basic v Modelling l 2 nhm lnh ch yu thit k Vector; View l nhm lnh iu khin mn hnh; Rendering l nhm lnh sn sinh hnh Raster; Massing v Area Analysis l 2 nhm lnh c dng nhiu trong giai oan s phc (Concept) Chng ta c th cho hin ln hay tm thi mt i cc nhm lnh ty y bng cch a chut vo bt k mt nhm no vo Click phi v chon.



f. Project Browser :

Hnh 1.B.II.7 : Project Browser Project Browser c t chc theo hnh thc tng bc v l ni cha tt c nhng thng tin cung nh kt qu lm vic. Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, trong Project c mc inh gm 3 phn : View, Family, Group Trong View c t chc, mt cch mc inh bi phn mm, thnh 3 thnh phn trong bc khi u gm : Floor Plans cha tt c cc file mt bng sn ca cng trnh, Ceiling Plan cha tt c cc file mt bng trn ca cng trnh, Elevations cha cc file mt ng ca cng trnh. Trong qu trnh lm vic,, nu ngi s dng cn thit phi sn sinh ra cc hnh phi cnh, cc mt ct . . . th chng trnh s t ng sinh ra cc th mc 3D, Sections . . . thuc th mc View.

g. Status Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.8 : Status Bar



Cc hoat ng cn thit trong qu trnh lm vic ca ngi s dng c nhc nh ti y. Tng t nh dong Command Lines ca Acad

h. View Control Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.9 : View Control bar

i. Drawing Area :

Hnh 1.B.II.10 : Drawing Area y l ni lm vic ch yu ca ngi s dng. Ty thuc vo s iu khin ca ngi s dng i vi Project Browser m khu vc ny s c nhng hnh vector nh : mt bng (trt, lu 1, lu 2 . . .), mt ng, mt ct . . . hoc raster nh : phi cnh cng trnh c gn vt liu di nh sng mt tri, ni tht cng trnh vi c v chiu sng nhn to. mt bng, mt ng . . . chng trnh mc inh sn nhng chi tit thng thy trong bn v, v d : 4 du hiu nhn v mt ng (trn bn v Floor Plan), cc li biu hin tng cao ca cng trnh (trn bn v Elevations)

2. Mt s c im ca Revit Architecture a. Quan l :

Bt c mt chi tit (Object) no ca hnh nh hin ln trn mn hnh u phi c qun ly bi nhiu ch th khc nhau. i vi ngi s dng vic qun ly v lm ch mt chi tit trn mn hnh l iu ti quan trong v cn thit. Mi phn mm u c cch qun ly khc nhau. Thng thng, ngi s dng cc phn mm hoa qun ly Object bng Layer.



Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng qun ly Object theo thng qua nhim v ca vt th ., v d : ca i, ca s, tng S lin h gia cc vt th s c t ng thit lp cung ty thuc vo nhim v ca chng, v d ca lun lun gn cht vi tng, nu khng c tng khng bao gi ngi s dng c th b tr ca trong thit k ca mnh. Trong h thng lin h , c mt chi tit lm ch (Host). S thay i ca Host s keo theo s thay i ca cc thnh phn con li, v d : gn chi tit sn vo chi tit cao , chi tit tng vo chi tit sn; nh vy khi cao thay i, th chi tit sn cung thay i v chi tit tng chung thay i theo.

b. Biu hin : S xut hin hay tm thi bin mt c thc hin d dng. Nhng chi tit kin trc c th hin bng cc loai net khc nhau trn nn trng. Mt vt th lun lun c th hin c hnh 2D ln 3D d chng ta dng bt k hnh chiu no lm vic. Hnh 3D ty thuc vo ngi s dng c th hin hnh bng nguyn ly Raster hay Vector. Revit Architecture con gip ngi s dng th hin mc hin hnh ny ty vo mc chi tit ca trnh by, v d : d ta ch v mt ln, trn mt bng mt bc tng ca mc th (Coarse) ch c 2 net song song vi nhau, nhng nu mc trung bnh (Medium) hay chi tit tit (Fine), tng s c rt nhiu net nh lp va t, lp p, ky hiu vt liu gch

Mc th Mc chi tit

Hnh 1.B.II.11 c. Phng tin dng hnh : Revit Architecture vn cung cp cung cp cho ngi s dng cc loai ng nh ng thng, cung tron, t gic vung gc . . . nh l nhng phng tin c bn dng hnh. Tuy nhin, khc vi nhng phn mm khc dnh cho ngi thit k kin trc, Revit Architecture khng bt buc ngi s dng phi l thuc vo mt h toa no c, tt c ch ty thuc vo mt phng lm vic (Work Plan). Nhng iu ny khng phi lun lun xy ra. Khi cn thit, ngi s dng khi gp nhng n ln, cn phn chia cc hng mc vi nhau th Revit Architecture vn cung cp mt phng tin qun ly cc mi lin h ny thoe toa chnh xc. d. Revise It = Revit : Mt c im ca ngi thit k kin trc trong qua trnh lm vic l t duy hnh hoc xy Revit Architecture trc t duy hnh hoc. Trc y, nhng ngi thit k ln tui coi y l mt tr ngi ln khi mun s dng my tnh trong cng vic ca mnh. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng Revir Architecture s khng gp phi tr ngi ny. Ngi s dng c vic dng hnh truc ri iu chnh kch thc lc no cung c.



Hn na, mt n thit k xy dng thng c chnh sa rt nhiu ln. Khi s dng Revit Architecture, vic chnh sa n c l mt vic lm rt d v mun lm bt c lc no trong sut thi gian thc hin n cung c. Ngay c khi n c a vo thi cng th vic chnh sa vn c th tin hnh sun s. y l mt u im rt ln ca Revit Architecture nh h thng qun ly rt hp ly ni trn. Vic chnh s ny c th tin hnh bt c thnh phn biu hin no ca n. iu chnh trn hnh 2D th 3D t ng cp nht v ngc li. V vy, Revit Architecture c nghi mt khu hiu : Any Where Any Time. e. Khi lng : Bt c lc no ngi s dng Revit Architecture cung u c th bit c khi lng chi tit c s dng trong n. Kt hp vi gi tri kinh t c th, gi thnh ca cng trnh c kim sat mt cch chnh xc l linh ng. iu ny rt c gi tri i vi b phn qun ly d n. V da trn nhng lng chnh xc ny, tin thi cng, tin ti chnh, tin vt t s c mt c s lp nn k hoach ca mnh. f. Vectro v Raster Trong qu trnh thit k, nghin cu mu sc v cht cm b mt l mt cng oan rt quan trong. Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng cc phng tin nghin cu kh hu hiu c th in Revit Architecture giy nhng hnh nh hnh chp cng trnh hoan thnh bn cnh nhng h s k thut m chng ta thng gp. Bn cnh vic nghin cu nh sng i vi cng trnh cung a Revit Architecture nhng phng tin nghin cu tht n gin v ht sc hiu qu. Nu truc y, vic nghin cu nh sng, da trn ly thuyt ca mn vt ly kin trc phn chiu sng, chim rt nhiu thi gian ca ngi thit k th vi Revit Architecture qu d dng. Vt ly kin trc ch gip chng ta nghin cu c bng lm r khi dng cng trnh v nhng chi tit che chn nhng nh nng khng cn thhit. Con nh sng s tc ng nh th no n mu sc v cht cm b mt nh th no th khng cp. Nhng y l mt yu cu quan trong i vi ngi thit k kin trc. Revit Architecture gip ngi s dng rt hiu qu trong cng oan ny

3. Mt s thut ng ca Revit Architecture a. Project :

Revit Building gip ngi s dng lm vic v qun ly thng tin bng khi nim Project (d n) da trn khuynh hng BIM v cng ngh PBM. Mt project c my tnh qun ly dng file (khc vi Architectural Desktop l di dng 1 project). Mt file Project cha ng tt c thng hnh hoc (gm c hnh vector ln raster) v phi hnh hoc ngi s dng c th trch xut, hiu chnh thng tin bt c lc no, ti bt c thnh phn no ca thnh phn d n. Cc thng tin trong mt d n c mi lin h lgich vi nhau. Gi s rng A v B c mi lin h vi nhau, nu ngi s dng thay i ni dung ca A hoc B th chng trnh t ng thay i nhng thng tin ca thnh phn con li A v B vn gi c bn cht v quy lut ca mi quan h .



Mt cng trnh kin trc l t hp ca nhiu chi tit nh : tng, ca, sn, mi. Chi tit l t hp ca cc thnh phn n l nh : cnh, khung bao, bn l, kha . . . Revit Building lm vic gip ngi s dng lm vic trn chi tit kin trc nh tng, ca, sn . . . m ta goi l chi tit hnh hoc. Ngoai ra, con c nhng chi tit phi hnh hoc m nu khng c th chng ta khng th hoan chnh mt thit k c nh : li ct, kch thc . . . Nhng chi tit va cp trn c Revit Building goi l cc Element. Cc Element c phn ra lm 5 loai v xp vo 3 nhm nh hnh 1.B.II.12

Hnh 1.B.II.12

b. Model Elements : y l nhng chi tit kin trc t hp nn cng trnh. Trong Revit Model Elements c chia ra lm 2 loai : Host Elements : gm cc chi tit nn (sn), tng, mi, trn, cu thang, dc (ramp).

Cc chi tit ny c to lp ngay (Built In Place) trong Project (thuc File Project)

Component Elements : gm cc chi tit ca i, ca s, c ni tht cc thit bi

v mt s ky hiu chuyn ngnh kin trc nh du ct, khai trit chi tit . . .(nhng Element khng phi l Host). c im ca cc chi tit ny l ngi s dng c th to lp trc v lu gi thnh 1 th vin khi cn thit th em ra s dng. i vi loai ny, Revit Building goi l Family.



Family c t chc nh mt nhnh cy goi l Family Tree. Xem v d di y : Element : Wall Family/System Family : Basic Wall Type : Exterior Brick on CMU Instance : Actual User-Drawn wall in projec Phn mm Revit v cc trang webnh Revit City l ngun Family rt ln cho ngi s dng. Tuy Revit vn cho phep ngi s dng thit k family theo y thch, nhng ngi s dng nn kho st trc cc family trong phn mm trc khi thit k mt family mi.

c. View Elements : L cc thnh phn thng tin hnh hoc t hp cc chi tit ca cng trnh m ngi s dng qua lm cng vic thit k ca mnh. C 6 thnh phn thuc view elements, gm : Floor Plans : cc mt bng sn Ceiling Plans : cc mt bng trn 3 D Views : cc hnh phi cnh Elevations : cc mt ng Sections : cc mt ct Schedule : cc bng thng k khi lng Mi khi ngi s dng to lp thnh phn view no th chng trnh s t ng sp xp theo bng lit k trn.

d. Annotation Elements : L nhng thnh phn ghi ch trn h s thit k ca cng trnh, gm 2 loai : Datum Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc phc v nhng yu cu ca thit

k, gm : Levels (cc cao trnh), Column Grids (li ct), Reference Plan (cc mt phng m ngi s dng lm vic)

Annottation Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc phc v nhng yu cu ghi

ch ca h s thit k, gm : Dimesion (kch thc), Text Notes (chi ch), Loaded Text (tn trong cc ky hiu v d D1 l tn ca), Symbols (cc ky hiu)

Ngoai Revit Architecture, ty vo trng hp c th ngi s dng con c th thy nhng th mc thnh phn khc

III. Thc hnh Trc khi lm cc bi thc hnh, nghi cc bn oc k phn ly thuyt. Thit k 1 nh bo v vi cc thng s di y :

1. Kch thc cng trnh trn mt bng 4000 x 6000. 2. Tng cao 4000, dy 200, c b tr 1 ca i chnh 3. Mi dc 4 pha vi dc 30 , vn ra khoi tng 500



Thc hnh ln lt cc buc sau : 1. Thit k tng ngoai - hnh 1.B.III.1

Hnh 1.B.III.1

Khi ng chng trnh v xc inh chc chn Level 1 trong Project Browse c t m (Bold). iu ny xc inh trong Area Drawing mt bng tng 1 (level 1) sn sng thit k Chon Basic/Wall trong Design Bar thay i cc thng s : basic Wall : Generic 200 mm, Height (chiu cao tng), Loc Line, Chain v bt u v (Thao tc theo th t nh trong hnh - bc 11 trng vi 7 ). Sau bc 11 Esc 2 ln that khoi lnh. Nn dng chut 3 nt, ln nt gia dng thu phng (zoom), hoc nt gia v di chuyn chut x dich bn v (pan) Ch y : Trong bi tp rt n gin lm quen ny, chng ta nn lm tht chm v xem xet

nhng logic ca cc buc theo t duy 3D Ngi hoc s c gii thch tng chi tit trong lnh trong cc chng lin quan.

Nhng ng tc trong bc ny s c gii thch rt chi tit v c th trong chng 3

Lc u c th cha quen nn bn s di chuyn hi trch hng thng ngang hoc thng ng. Nhng ln ln, bn s thy rt thun tin khi Revit Architecture c v u tin khhi ta di chuyn thng gc.

Nu giao din mn hnh c khc i phn nho no so vi hnh trn th cung khng e ngi m c tip tc.



2. Thit k tng trong hnh 1.B.III.2

Hnh 1.B.III.2

Dng lnh Offset trong Tool Bar c thm mt bc tng nm di bc tng pha bc 2000 (thay th gi tri 0000 bng gi tri 2000 trong nm cnh ch offset). Lp t ca : click chut tri theo th t hnh 1.B.III.3 b tr ca i cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.3



Theo hnh 1.B.III.4 b tr ca s cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.4

3. Thit k mi Click Basic/Roof/Roof by FootPrint ca Design Bar ri Yes bng hin ra v mn hnh

s nh hnh 1.B.III.5 (cc bc tng s m i)

Hnh 1.B.III.5



Ch y : khi a con tro n bt k bc tng no s c mt ng chm song song vi mt bng bc tung . Ch click chut khi no ng chm ny xut hin pha ngai bc tng Lm theo cc buc trong hnh 1.B.III.5 v bm nt Finish Roof c kt qu nh khng

c g thay i. Double Click vo Elevations (Building)/South c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.6.

Hnh 1.B.III.6

Click vo nt 3D nh ch dn trn hnh 1.B.III.6 c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.7

Hnh 1.B.III.7



n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Tuy ban u lm vic trn mt bng nhng thc cht cc chi tit c

thit k trong Revit Building hiu nh l mt m hinh 3D Cc chi tit kin trc c Revit Building cung cp p ng c yu cu

chuyn ngnh

Ch y : Bn nn hnh thnh 1 thi quen trong t duy 3D : khi bn hoan chnh thit k mt

thnh phn kin trc trn mt bng, trc khi kt lun rng cng vic hoan tt, th nn kch hoat hnh3D xem xet cn thn ri hn kt lun.

Hnh 3D m chng ta va thy trn ch l mt phn rt nho m Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng. Con rt nhiu ng dng 3D khc m cng v sau bn s cng thy va y.

4. Trch xut mt ct hnh 1.B.III.8

Hnh 1.B.III.8 Double Click vo Level 1 Click Basic/Section trong Design bar V ng ct ngang ca s Double Click vo tng thnh phn ca Project Browser xem kt qu

5. Trnh by cc thnh phn trn bn v Click phi vo Sheet ca Project Browser chon New Sheet. Ok trn hp thoai c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.9



Hnh 1.B.III.9 Di chuyn chut vo Level 1, v gi phm tri chut, di chuyn vo t giy, th

chut, tm vi tr thch hp v click tri c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.10

Hnh 1.B.III.10



Nhn phm ESC 2 ln Lm tng t cho cc thnh phn con li : 4 mt ng, 1 mt ct, phi cnh 3D c

kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.11

Hnh 1.B.III.11 6. Xem xet nhng mi lin h - hnh 1.B.III.12

Hnh 1.B.III.12



V li Level 1 Chon ca i chnh v di chuyn v bn tri Double Click vo Basic/Sheets/A 101 Unname c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.13

Hnh 1.B.III.13

Nhn xet vi tr ca thay i vi tr trn cc thnh phn ca bn v V li phi cnh 3D Thm 1 ca s vo tng pha ng nh hnh 1.B.III.14

Hnh 1.B.III.14



V li giy v nh hnh 1.B.III.5 v so snh s thay i

Hnh 1.B.III.15

n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Cng on trich xut cc hinh chiu thng gc theo yu cu cua h s thit

k k thut l mt vic hon ton t ng do Revit Architecture am trch. Vi vy, ngi thit k tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian.Lc ny s xay Revit Architecture mt trong 2 trng hp : hoc thi gian han chnh h s s nhanh hn, hoc s c nhiu thi gian cho thit k chuyn ngnh hn.

Mi quan h gia gia hinh chiu thng gc v hinh 3D l mi quan h 2

chiu : iu chnh 3D thi 2D thay i, iu chnh 2D thi 3D thay i. y l mt u im tuyt vi m phn mm Architectural Desktop kh khn hn mi lm c

Vic chnh sathit k do chu u t yu cu s n gian hn rt nhiu v

gn nh khng c s khng n khp gia cc thnh phn trong mt b h s.



.

C. Bi tp

I. Bi tp thc hnh Thit k mt cn nh vi cc d kin nh di y :

Kch thuc trn mt bng nh hnh v 1.B.IV.1

Hnh 1.B.IV.1 Tng dy 200 Mi dc 30 , ua ra khoi tng 500 nh hnh v 1.B.IV.2

Hnh 1.B.IV.2

II. Bi tp l thuyt Hy tr li cc cu hoi di y :

STT CU HI TR LI

S 1 Revit Architecture l mt phn mm vector 2 Architectural Desktop l cng ngh th 3, Revit Building l cng ngh th 2



3 Giao din ca Revit Building ging nh giao din ca ACAD 4 Hnh dng (thng-cong) ca tng trn mt bng c chon Option Bar

5 Design Bar dng truy nhp cc lnh trong Revit Building 6 Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi s dng cn phi theo di Status Bar

7 Du hiu Wireframe nm trong Project Browser bar 8 Trong Revit Building, cc thnh phn kin trc c t chc thnh 5 nhm

9 Column Grid l mt thnh phn ca Datum 10 C nhiu Farmily cu thang c cho sn trong Revit Building

III. Thao lun Revit Architecture c th xem l mt phn mm CAD m rng hay khng?

CHC MNG BN XONG CHNG 1

Chng 2 Nhng k nng cn bn

s dng Revit Architecture

Chng 2 : Nhng k nng c bn s dng Revit Architecture


Chng 2 Nhng k nng c bn dng Revit Architecture

A. M u

I. Gii thiu Bt u buc vo ngh thit k kin trc, bt c ai cng u phi hc nhng k nng s dng ha c th hin nhng thit k ca mnh mt cc nhanh chng v thm m. Ngi s dng Revit Architecture cng cn phi luyn tp trc mt s k nng s dng tt phn mm. Trong chng ny s hng dn ngi s dng cc cng c v mi trng lm vic ca Revit Architecture. Nm vng v s dng thnh tho cc cng c ny s gip ngi s dng c nhiu thi gian hn cho nghin cu thit k.

II. Mc ch Sau khi hon tt nghin cu v thc hnh chung ny, ngi s dng s Hiu v s dng nhm lnh Edit (Move, Copy, Rotate, Array, Mirror) nhm lnh Modify

(Algin, Split, Trim, Offset) ca Tool bar Bc u hnh thnh phng php lm vic vi Revit Architecture Ban u hnh thnh mt phong cch t duy thit k vi my tnh l cng c h tr ch

khng ch bt thc

B. Ni dung Nh cp trong chng 1, giao din ca Revit Architecture c kt hp bi 9 thnh phn gm : Menu, Tool Bar, Option Bar, Type Selector, Design Bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View Control Bar v Drawing Area. Vi li suy ngh 2D thng thng, khi s dng Revit Architecture ngi s dng s v tnh phm phi nhiu sai st. Nh cp, Revit Architecture s gip ngi s dng khc phc nhng sai st ny bt c ni u, bt c lc no (Any Where, Any Time). Tuy nhin, nhng vic chnh sa ny cng lm mt thi gian. V vy, trnh c nhng sai st ny vn hn. gim thiu ti a nhng sai st ny, chng ta s nhn giao din ca Revit Architecture di gc ngh nghip ca ngnh xy dng. Theo t chc thng thng ca qu trnh thi cng mt d n xy dng, chng ta s phn chia cu trc giao din ra lm 5 thnh phn (xem hnh 2.B.I.1). Mi khu vc l tp hp cc thnh phn cu trc nh sau :

Phn A : Ban ch huy cng trng (Project Browser) Phn B : Kho vt t (Design Bar + Type Selector + Option Bar) Phn C : Cc cng c phc v thi cng (Tool Bar) Phn D : Hin trng thi cng (Drawing Area) Phn E : Hng dn thi cng Phn F : B phn gim st thi cng (View Conrtol Bar)



Hnh 2.B.1 Chng ta c xem vic thit k kin trc gn nh l ang thi cng mt cng trnh trong thc t. Di y l quy trnh m theo kinh nghim s trnh c phn ln cc sai st.

Mun thi cng mt hng mc no cn phi c kin ca Ban ch huy cng trng (phn A) mi c tin hnh thi cng.

Trc khi thi cng phi c vt t (phn B) v phng tin thi cng (phn C). Tin hnh thi cng trn hin trng (phn D) Trong qua trnh thi cng nn theo s hng dn vic thi cng d dng v t cht

lng cao trnh sai st (phn E) Trong qu trnh cng nh sau khi thi cng xong cn phi c s gim st (phn F)

I. Nhng phng tin thi cng

1. Nhm lnh Edit trong Tool bar

Hnh 2.B.I.1

Cc cng c trong nhm lnh ny ch sn sng s dng c khi c mt i tng trong khu vc cng trng Drawing Area c chn.

a. c im : lm xt hin thm mt/nhiu cc vt th c c tnh ging nh vt th c sn trn cng trng (drawing Area)



b. Quy trnh Chn vt th Chn lnh Lm theo ch dn (phn E) c. Thnh phn v nhim v

Nu bn hc qua nhng phn mm khc ACAD, ADT . . . bn s thy nhng lnh ny rt quen thuc. Tuy nhin, khi thc tp bi di y bn s thy s phong ph v ni dung ca tng lnh. V d : lnh Move c th thnh lnh Copy, Ln Rotate c th thnh lnh Array.

Lnh Move : Di chuyn mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit c sn t mt v tr ny sang v tr khc

Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Move :

B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : M project ca chng 1 c kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.2

Hnh 2.B.I.2



B3 : Trong Project Browser chn s lm vic trn Level 1 bng cch Double Click

trn Level 1 trong Views (all)/Floor Plans v kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.3

Hnh 2.B.I.3

B4 : Click phi chut chn Zoon in Region (cch phng to mt vng trong Drawing Area) - chn 2 im : im 1 trn tri ri ko xung im 2 di phi bao quanh mt bng nh hng dn trong hnh 2.B.I.4. y l cch chn tng t Select Window trong ACAD : tt c vt th phi nm trong khu chn.

Hnh 2.B.I.54

B5 : Chn ca ra vo v lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.5



Hnh 2.B.I.5

B6 : Kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.6. Kch hat cc hnh chiu khc v phi cnh xem s thay i

Hnh 2.B.I.6

Nn thc tp thm lnh ny tt c cc mt chiu thng gc quen tay hn



Sau khi thc tp nhun nhuyn, ng Project li bng cch click vo Close trong File. Khu c hi c cn nh hay khng tr li No

Lnh Copy : To thm mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit ging nh mt, hoc nhiu, chi tit c sn.

Thc hnh bi tp sau y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Copy :

B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : M project ca chng 1 c kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.7

Hnh 2.B.I.7

B3 : Trong Project Browser chn s lm vic trn Level 1 bng cch Double Click trn Level 1 trong Views (all)/Floor Plans v kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.8

Hnh 2.B.I.8



B4 : Phng to mt bng B5 : Chn ca s bn tri v lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.9

Hnh 2.B.I.9 Ch : cch chn im gc v im n nh lnh Move B6 : Kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.10. Chn cc hnh chiu khc v phi cnh

xem s thay i

Hnh 2.B.I.10



Ch : sau khi chn vt th thay v chn lnh copy, c th nhn v gi nt Ctrl trn bn phm v di chuyn chut n v tr mi (ging nh trong phn mm MS-Word ca Microsoft Office). Ngoi lnh copy, mt s lnh khc nh Save (Ctrl + S), Undo (Ctrl + Z), u c th dung phm tt nh quy c trong MS-Word Nn thc tp thm lnh ny tt c cc mt chiu thng gc quen tay hn Sau khi thc tp nhun nhuyn, ng Project li bng cch click vo Close trong File. Khu c hi c cn nh hay khng tr li No

Lnh Rotate : Xoay mt vt th quanh mt trc, trc ny phi thng gc vi mt bng ca cng trnh, vi mt gc nht nh. Khc vi nhng phn mm khc, Revit Architecture m rng hiu qu mi lnh trong nhm lnh Edit bng cch kt hp vi lnh Copy. Trong lnh Move trn chng ta c th kt hp thm lnh Copy. Xem cc s dng c th trong bi thc hnh di y.

Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Copy :

B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : chn bc tng va v v khi ng lnh Rotate B4 : lm theo hnh 2.B.I.11

Hnh 2.B.I.11



B5 : Nu ta chn copy (bng cch nh du vo Copy) nh hnh 2.B.I.12 th va ng thi thc hin lnh Rotate ng thi thc hin lnh Copy.

Hnh 2.B.I.12

Nn thc tp thm lnh ny quen tay hn ng thi th nghim tt c cc mt chiu thng gc hiu sau hn v trc quay ca lnh ny. Cc thng s ca gc cng nh cc thng s chiu, Revit Architecture cho php ngi s dng nhp trc tip t bn phm c gi tr chnh xc.

Lnh Array : To nhiu vt th, t mt vt th ban u, vi cc khong cch (hay gc) gia cc vt th mi v vt th bng nhau theo phng thng hay cong. Khi chn Array theo phng thng c ngha l cc vt th sau khi to thnh c phng song song vi nhau. Khi chn Array theo phng cong c ngha l cc vt th sau khi to thnh c phng giao nhau hay tn x. y l mt lnh m ban u c th gy cho ngi s dng cm thy kh chu v c nhiu la chn i lc kh hiu. Tht Revit Architecture lnh ny l tng hp 3 lnh : Array, Divide v Measure trong ACAD. Bn c t t tm hiu tng bc v thc hnh phn bi tp di y s n gian nhng hiu qu ca n..

Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Array :

B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : Lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.13a v 2.B.I.13b cc vt th mi

xut hin c phng song song vi nhau vi khong cch 1000



Ch : i. Trng hp u, mc 6 c chn (kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.13a)

Hnh 2.B.I.13a

ii. Trng hp sau, mc 7 c chn (kt qu nh hnh 2.B.I.13b)

Hnh 2.B.I.13b



iii. Nu mc 4 c chn, sau khi lnh hon tt, cc vt th s lin h v tr vi nhau gi l Group. Bn th Move mt vt th bt k hiu r iu ny.

B4 : Lm theo hng dn nh hnh 2.B.I.14 chia cong

Hnh 2.B.I.14

Lnh Mirror : To mt vt th i xng vi mt vt th c sn qua 1 trc (gi tng hay c tht) no Thc hnh bi tp di y theo tng bc hiu r cch lm vic ca lnh Mirror :

B1 : Khi ng chng trnh B2 : V mt bc tng bt k trn mt bng B3 : lm theo hnh 2.B.I.15 khi cha c trc no chn

Hnh 2.B.I.15



B4 : v thm 1 bc tng. Lc chn trc i xng th chn tng va v.

Lm theo hnh 2.B.I.16 khi c trc no chn

Hnh 2.B.I.16 a. Nhm lnh Modify trong Tool Bar

Hnh 2.B.I.17

C th dng bt c lnh no trong nhm lnh ny m khng cn phi chn vt th truc. Khi nhn thy tn ca cc lnh ny, nhng ngi s dng ACAD hay ADT s thy quen thuc. Nhng bn c nn thc hnh thy nhng khc bit ca n.

1. Cng dng : lm thay i tnh cht (hoc to thm) mt vt th c sn. 2. Quy trnh : Chn lnh Chn vt th Lm theo ch dn



3. Thnh phn v hot ng

Lnh Align : Di chuyn mt vt th n mt v tr khc sao cho trng khp vi v tr v phng ca mt vt th khc. Lnh ny c th c hiu l s kt hp ca 2 lnh : Move v Rotate

Quy trnh lm vic theo hnh 2.B.I.18

Hnh 2.B.I.18

Lnh Split : Tch mt vt th thnh nhiu thnh phn khc nhau.

Quy trnh thc hin lnh ny theo hnh 2.B.I.19

Hnh 2.B.I.19



Lnh Trim : Thay i chiu di ca hai/nhiu vt th sao cho 2 vt th c th to lp c mt/nhiu giao im Lnh ny c th xem nh s kt hp gia 2 lnh Trim v Extend trong ACAD.


Hnh 2.B.I.20 C nhiu kt qu sau khi s dng lnh Trim. Xem cc hnh 2.B.I.21 hiu v thc tp thm

Hnh 2.B.I.21 a



Hnh 2.B.I.21 b

Hnh 2.B.I.21 c

Ch : Khc vi lnh trim ca ACAD, mun b phn no th ta chn phn , cn lnh Trim ca Revit Architecture mun gi phn no th chn phn Lnh Offset : To lp mt chi tit ging nh c trn bn v mt v tr cch chi tit tham kho mt khang cch do ngi s dng quy nh.




Hnh 2.B.I.22

Chn lnh Offset trn Tool Bar 1 Chn Graphical 2 : nu mun xc nh khang cch trc tip trn hnh v Chn Numerical 3 : nu mun xc nh khang cch bng mt thng s c th Xc nh thng s c th cho khang cch 4 Sau khi xut hin vt th mi v gi nguyn hin trng vt th c, nu mun

mt i vt th c th khng chn thnh phn ny 5 Chn vt th ngun 6 a v pha mun vt th mi xut hin Esc 2 ln chm dt lnh

b. Nhm lnh View

Hnh 2.B.I.23

Lnh Dynamic Field View : Gip cho ngi s dng nhn cng trng di bt k gc no ph hp thi cng. Lm theo cc bc sau y hiu hat ng ca lnh ny : B1 : Khi ng chng trnh v m Project thc hintrong chng 1 B2. Double vo 3D trong Views (All)/3D trong Project Browser B3 : lm theo hng dn nh trong hnh 2.B.I.24 xem cc kt qu.



Hnh 2.B.I.24

B4. Click nt Esc 2 ln that khi lnh Ch : ngai cch Scroll (Pan) va gii thiu, ngi s dng cn c th i. Nhn + gi phm tri chut v di chuyn chut ii. Di chuyn 2 nt nh trn 2 thanh trt pha phi v di mn hnh

Lnh Zoom : Dng phng to hay thu nh hnh nh trn khu vc cng trng. Lm theo hng dn trong hnh 2.B.I.25 hiu cch s dng lnh ny

Hnh 2.B.I.25



Khng ch phng tin trn,Chng ta c th Dng nt ln gia ca chut thc hin lnh Zoom. Click phi chut v chn Zoom In Region, Zoom Out (2x), Zoom to Fit

Lnh Thinlines : lm cho dy ca nt v thay i. So snh 2 trng thi trong hnh 2.B.I.26 hiu r ni dung hat ng ca lnh ny

Hnh 2.B.I.26

II. Kho vt t (Design Bar + Type Selector + Option bar) Revit Architecture cung cp rt nhiu chng lai vt t thi cng cng trnh. Nhng vt t ny khng ch l nhng vt liu xy dng m cn c nhng chi tit cn thit thit lp nn mt h s thit k. Di y chng ta s kho st tng thnh phn trong kho vt t ny

1. Design Bar Nh cp trong chng 1, Design Bar gm c 8 Tab. Cc Tab ny cha tt c cc lai vt t cn thit thi cng. Cc lnh trong cc Tab ny khng phi lun lun hin r m trong mt s trng hp b m i. iu ny ng ngha l ngi s dng khng c phep s dng. Hin tng ny xy n khi ngi s dng dng lnh khng ng ch. V d : trong khu vc v ang hin hnh hnh phi cnh th ngi s dng khng c dng lnh quy nh cao . S gii hn do Revit Architecture ngh l han tan hp l. Bn cnh , Design Bar cn cha mt s cng c cn thit khc vi nhim v gip ngi s dng thun li trong vic tm hiu cc tnh cht (Properties) vt t trn cng trung. chun b cho nhng chng k tip, chng ta s kho st 4 nhm vt t trong kho vt t di y :



Nhm Basic

Nhm View

Nhm Modeling

Nhm Structure

Hnh 2.B.II.1

Tab Basic c cha nhng vt t thng thng nh Wall, Door, Window . . . (m trong Tab Modeling cng c), cn cha nhng vt t khc nh Grid li ct, Section Mt ct, Level cao trnh . . . l nhng vt t cn thit cho qu trnh thit k. Tab Basic c dng u tin trong qu trnh thi cng. Tab Modeling cha y tt c cc vt t cho vic xy dng mt cng trnh. Trong tab ny cng c cha vt t Column, nhng Column Tab ny khc vi Column trong Tab Structure. Column trong Tab Modeling c dng ch yu trong qu trnh thit k kin trc Tab Structure cha y cc vt t lin quan n kt cu ca cng trnh. Tab View c dung to lp cc gc nhn. Tn sut s dng cc lnh trong Tab ny thp, nhng rt quan trng. nu khng c th ngi s dng s gp rt nhiu kh khn khi thit k nhng ch khut hoc khng kim tra ni cng vic ca mnh



C mt c im trong 4 nhm trn tt c u c cha lnh Modify. y chnh l cng c ngi s dng xc nh vt th, t c nhng yu cu c th. V d : truy tm Property ca cc vt t c s dng trn cng trng hoc sp c s dng. Vt th c chn s bin thnh mu .

Ngi s dng 3 cch chn mt vt th : i. Di chuyn con tr n vt th mun chn v click tri, vt th c chn s i mu Mun chn nhiu vt th nm ri rc, sau khi chn vt th th nht, ngi s dng nhn v gi nt Ctrl, di chuyn n vt th mun chn v click tri. Trong cc vt th chn, mun loi tr mt vt th no ngi s dng n v gi phm Shift v click tri vo vt th . ii. Di chuyn con tr n mt im bt k ri v gi phm tri, di chuyn chut tip tc n mt im khc to ra mt t gic vung gc v nh phm tri tri; tt c cc vt th nm hon ton trong khung t gic s c chn. Thng chng ta dng 2 im bt u l pha trn tri v im kt thc l pha di phi v hnh t gic vung gc ny. iii. Di chuyn con tr n mt im bt k ri v gi phm tri, di chuyn chut tip tc n mt im khc to ra mt t gic vung gc v nh phm tri tri; tt c cc vt th no c mt phn trong khung t gic s c chn. Thng chng ta dng 2 im bt u l pha di phi v im kt thc l pha trn tri v hnh t gic vung gc ny.

Ngai Revit Architecture cn c phng php chn vt th bng Filter, chng ta s c hng dn trong nhng bi thc hnh cc chng k tip. Sau khi chn vt th Click chut vo nt Properties bn cnh Type Selector bit thng tin.

2. Type Selector

Hnh 2.B.II.2

Khi Click vo Properties Icon s c mt hp thai xut hin. T hp thai ny s c cng c ngi s dng truy tm nhng thng tin su hn. Revit Architecture thng t chc cc hp thai theo hnh thc tng bc. T hp thai ny s c la chn i tip hp thai khc. C nhng trung hp c n 4 hp thai lin tip nhau. Khi gp trng hp ny, cng s c nhng ng i ngn hn. Hnh 2.B.II.3 l thng tin v mt bc tng sp c mt trn cng trng.



Hnh 2.B.II.3

Sau khi ng cho vt t vo cng trng, ngi s dng s tip tc phn Option Bar xc nh nhng thng tin cn thit nhng tnh cht hnh hc ca vt t trn cng rtung. lm vic ny, Revit Architecture cung cp nhm thng tin theo dng hi p trong Option Bar

3. Option Bar

Hnh 2.B.II.4

Chng ta s tm hiu phn Option Bar su hn trong nhng bi thc hnh ca cc chng k tip, ngai nhng g hc c t chng 1 n nay.

III. B phn gim st thi cng L nhng lnh ngi s dng xem xt c th nhng g mnh lm, ng thi gip ngi s dng hnh dung c khng gian d dng hn.

Hnh 2.B.III.1



1. Lnh t l Vi cc t l bn v khc nhau, cc phn ghi ch (text) s c kch thuc tng ng vi cc t l ny khi in chng ta lun lun c cng mt c ch Xem xt hnh 2.III.D.1 vi 2 t l 1/100 v 1/500 hiu r lnh ny

Hnh 2.B.III.2

2. Lnh Detail Level Tu theo t l m cc hnh v s c th hin chi tit hn. Trong Revit c 3 mc biu hin : Coarse Th, Medium Trung bnh, Fine chi tit Xem xt hnh 2.III.D.2 vi 2 mc th hin : Coarse v Fine cho cng 1 bc tng loi Basic Wall : Interior Blockwork 190, hiu r lnh ny

Hnh 2.B.III.3

Ch : Hnh thc th hin cc chi tit ny ngi s dng han tan c th can thip thay i theo cch ring ca mnh.

3. Lnh Model Graphic Style Tuy dng c bt k hnh chiu no, nhng thng c s dng trong hnh chiu 3D v mt ct. C 4 cch th hin nh hnh 2.III.D.3 di y



Hnh 2.B.III.4

4. Lnh Shadow Dng kh st bng ca cng trnh di sc hiu sng ca mt tri. Trong cc chng k tip, s nghin cu cc loi bng theo nhng thi im trong ngy hoc thi im trong nm. Xem hnh 2.B.III.5 phn bit v s dng cch bng.

Hnh 2.B.III.6



5. Lnh Crop S c lm r trong cc bi thc hnh cc chng sau

6. Lnh Hide/Isolate Revit Architecture cung cp cng c ny ngi s dng han tan ch ng trong vic cho hin th hay tm thi bin mt mt/nhiu chi tit trong qu trnh lm vc. Xem hnh 2.B.III.7 hiu r ni dung ca lnh ny

Hnh 2.B.III.7



Cng c th Click phi chut chn Hide In View/Elements hay Hide In View/Category

C. Bi tp

I. Bi tp thc hnh 1. Hy chn mt lnh v ch 1 ln dng lnh c kt qu nh cc hnh di y

Hnh 2.C.I.1

Hnh 2.C.I.2



Hnh 2.C.I.3

Hnh 2.C.I.4

2. Hy kt hp cc lnh c kt qu nh nhng hnh di y

Hnh 2.C.I.5



Hnh 2.C.I.6

Hnh 2.C.I.7

Hnh 2.C.I.8



C th ch nhn vo hnh l bn bit c l s p dng lnh g, nhng nn nh rng trm hay khng bng tay quen. V vy, cc bn nn hon thnh cc bi tp trc khi sang chng mi

II. Bi tp l thuyt Hy tr li cc cu hi di y :

STT CU HI TR LI

S 1 Thay v s dng lnh Move, ngi s dng c th s dng lnh Copy

c kt qu tng ng

2 Mt vt th kt qu ca lnh Array lun lun c lp vi cc vt th cn li ca qu trnh

3 Lnh Align l s kt hp gia lnh Move v lnh Rotate 4 Ngi s dng mun ct mt vt th ra lm nhiu vt th th phi s dng

lnh Split nhiu ln

5 phng to hoc thu nh hnh nh trong Drawing Area, ngi s dng dng lnh trong phn View Bar Control

6 Cc thnh phn c lit k trong Porject Browser c s lng c nh, ngi s dng khng c kh nng thay i

7 Lnh Trim v lnh Split u l lnh ct vt th 8 Ngoi nhng loi Wall m Revit Building cung cp, ngi s dng c th

truy nhp thm cc loi khc trong th vin ca chng trnh

9 Trong Project Browser, phn Views (all) cha ng thng tin hnh hc 10 Revit Building phn chia cc loi tng theo cu to vt liu mt ct

III. Tho ln Khi s dng Revit Architecture, lm th no thay i t l ca mt vt th.

CHC MNG BN XONG CHNG 2

Chng 3 Thit k khng gian

chc nng

Chng 3 : Thit k khng gian chc nng


Chng 3 Thit k khng gian chc nng

A. M u

I. Gii thiu nghin cu v hc tp phn mm Revit Architecture khng g tt hn l chng ta ng dng thit k mt cng trnh c th. V vy, k t chng ny chng ta s thit k mt nh lm vic 1 trt 2 lu c quy m t 1.200 1.500 m2 . Bn cnh , chng ny s gii thiu quy trnh thit k khi s dng my tnh l cng c h tr. Qua ngi hc s c c hi s dng cc lnh hc hiu su hn.

II. Kt qu t c Sau khi nghin cu v thc tp hon tt chng ny, ngi s dng : Bc u s dng nhng thao tc cn thit thit k tng, ca i, ca s, m. Thc tp mt s lnh ca nhm lnh Modify, Edit ( hc trong chng 2) vo nhng

trng hp c th. Bit cch lm vic vi Revit Architecture

B. Ni dung I. Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

C nhiu quy trnh thit k mt cng trnh. Tuy nhin, trong hai phn mm Architectural Desktop v Revit Architecture s dng 2 quy trnh ch yu :

1. Thit k t tng quan n chi tit (outside in) : L phng php bt u thit k t khi dng cng trnh ri n chc nng tng khng gian trong cc khi. Phng php ny thng c p dng cho nhng th lai cng trnh c nhiu chc nng trong mt t hp khi trn mt khu t. V d quy trnh thit k mt nh my ng tu, c nhiu khi v chc nng khc nhau th quy trnh outside in l thch hp.

2. Thit k t chi tit n tng quan (inside out) : L phng php thit k bt u t cc khng gian n l ri t hp dn nhng khng gian ny tr thnh mt cng trnh han chnh. i vi nhng th lai cng trnh m chc nng s dng ca cc khng gian thnh phn ng vai tr quyt nh th y l phng php thch hp v hiu qu. Khi thit k cc chung c hay khch sn th y l phng php thch hp. Ngai ra, nu thit k mt cng trnh tuy c t chc nng nhng nm trn mt khu vc c thit k th, th khi dng cng trnh thng b khng ch rt chc ch. V vy, khi thit k nhng cao c trong nhng khu vc ny th s dng xen ln gia 2 quy trnh s rt hiu qu

Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng y cc phng tin h t chn quy trnh thch ng. Nhiu hn th, Revit Architecture cn p ng c nhng yu cu ring bit ca ngnh thit k kin trc l ngh nhiu phng n thit k trn mt sng tc. V vy, khi lm vic vi Revit Architecture, chng ta nn nhng ni dung ca ca giao din hiu r hn.



Revit Architecture l mt phn mm c quc tch Hoa K nn cc bc tin hnh (d theo quy trnh no) cng ph hp vi cc kin trc s Hoa K. V vy, c th khai thc ht gi tr ca cc phn mm c quc tch Hoa K, chng ta cng nn bit qua cc bc lm vic ca kin trc s Hoa K. Thng thng h thit k mt cng trnh theo quy trnh c bn gm 3 giai an sau y :

Giai an Concept : y l bc u tin ca quy trnh. Mc ch ca bc ny l ngh cc hnh thc khng gian v phng thc t hp cc khng gian nh th no nh c th p ng c cc chc nng m cng trnh ra. Quy m ca cc khng gian ny phi ph hp vi vn u t m ch u t c kh nng thc hin d n.

V vy, trong giai an ny h khng ch trnh by hnh thc ca cc khng gian chc nng, khi dng cng trnh . . . cho ch u t m cn quy m din tch xy dng, din tch s dng, din tch giao thng trong cng trnh . . . (thng tin phi hnh hc). Ch rng, trong giai an ny h cha ch trng lm v nghin cu mu sc, vt liu . . . Nu s dng CAD th y l giai an s dng hnh hc vector. Sau khi c s ng thun ca bn tham gia, d n chuyn sang buc 2

Giai an Develop : Tuy y l giai an ch yu nghin cu v vt lu v mu sc, nhng chi tit cu to cng c nghin cu mt cch thu o ph hp vi vt liu ngh. Chng ta c th nhn thy h s thit k gn nh han thnh ngai tr mt yu t : cha c mt chi tit cu to no c v ra. y cng l giai an m cc b mn k thut (kt cu, M&E, ti chnh . . .) bt u nghin cu.

Nghin cu vt liu v mu sc c hnh hc raster h tr nghin cu cc k tt nu s dng CAD. Mt khi tha mn v vt liu v mu sc, s dng hnh hc nghin cu cu to cc chi tit kin trc. Trong buc ny, khi lng v gi tr vt liu ca phn thit k kin trc gn nh c xc nh kh chnh xc. y l h s rt quan trng cc b phn khc (nh b phn vn hnh d n, b phn kinh doanh . . .) trong d n da vo c k hach hat ng ca mnh

Giai an Document : Da trn c s ca bc develop, buc ny s tip tc thit k cc chi tit kin trc mt cch y cc n v thi cng c th da vo y tin hnh sn xut. Kt qu t c ca giai an ny l mt h s kin trc han chnh.

Nhng c s ch yu hnh thnh l lun cho vic s dng PMB trong thit k :

Khng mt ai c kh nng tng tng ra mt hnh nh 2 chiu. Khng mt ai c kh nng nhn thy hnh chiu thng gc (hnh 2D) trong thc t Hnh chiu thng gc (hnh 2D) ch l mt cng c gip m t hnh nh thc (3D) trong

u ca ngi thit k nhm mc ch chuyn giao thng tin.



iu ny han tan ph hp vi i tng nghin cu ca kin trc s l khng gian. Kt hp nhng iu va nu trn chng ta c th rt ra kt lun : 3D (2D) l cng c chuyn ti mt cch chnh xc nhng thng tin cho nhng i tc khng chuyn (i tc chuyn nghip) trong ngnh xy dng. Nu chng ta thy iu ny l hp l th c gng tp mt thi quen ngay t nhng buc ban u s dng Revit Architecture, v vy mt ln na xin nhc li : lun lun dng hnh nh 3D kim tra cng vic m mnh cho rng han thnh. iu ny rt quan trng v thng chng ta vi cch v bt thc rt ch quan khi dng hnh 3D t hnh 2D.

II. Quy trnh ca Revit Architecture thit k mt s thnh phn kin trc trong giai an concept

Sau khi c thit k, kin trc s thng bt u thit k bng 1 trong 2 cch : dng tng hoc khi quy nh khng gian. Trong chng 2, chng ta bt u dng tng

1. Tng c chi tit tng trong Drawing Area ngi s dng ln lt lm theo cc bc sau y (xem hnh 3.B.II.1) :

Hnh 3.B.II.1

Kch hat lnh tng 1 : Basic/Wall trong Design Bar Chn lai tng 2 : c xc nh ti Type Selector Xc nh cch v - 3 : bng cch chn 1 trong 3. Cch i. V bng cch click chut; ii.

V bng cch chn mt ng nt c sn (ng dng khi nhp mt bn v 2D vo Revit Architecture); iii. v bng cch chuyn i t mt mt (face) ca mt khi.

Chn chiu cao ca tng 4 : c xc nh ti Height ca Option Bar. C hai cch : i. chiu cao tng s kt ni n 1 cao (level) no ; ii. Mt kch thc c th no . C th b qua bc ny v xc nh v sau m khng nh hng n kt qu tm thi

Chn im nh v ca tng 5 : c xc nh ti Loc Line ca Option Bar (thng thng l ngay gia tim tng wall centerline). C 6 cch nh v

Chn hnh dng ca tng trn mt bng 6 : chn Chain nu cc bc tng c v lin tc. C 8 la chn to hnh khng gian trn mt bng nh sau : i. Line, v tng bc tng ring bit; ii. Rectangle. V ng thi 4 tng to lp mt khng gian c hnh dng t gic vung gc; iii. Arc passing through 3 points, v tng cong qua 3 im; iv.



Polygon, v ng thi nhiu tng to lp mt khng gian c hnh a gic; v. Circle, v tng to thnh mt khng gian hnh ng; vi. Arc from center and endpint, v tng cong vi nh v l tm v im cui ca tng; vii. Tangent arc, v tng cong tip tuyn vi tng thng; viii. Fille arc, v mt tng cong ni 2 tng thng

Xc nh khang cch c th ca tng so vi im nh v - 7 Nu chn v tng cong th c th chn bn knh c th - 8 Chm dt lnh bng cch nhn Esc hai ln

2. Ca : B tr ca i hoc ca s ngi s dng lm theo hnh 3.B.II.2 v gii thch bn di

Hnh 3.B.II.2

Kch hat lnh ca i hoc ca s - 1 : Basic/Door hoc Basic/Window trong Design

Bar. Chn lai ca 2 : c xc nh ti Type Selector. Khng c sn lai ca nh mong mun 3 : Create in Place . . . to ra mt lai

ca theo mun ca ngi s dng; Load . . . a vo d n mt lai ca c sn. Chn t k hiu cho ca 4 : ty chn c k hiu i km vi ca trn Drawing Area

hay khng? Nu c th tip tc bc k tip. Hng ca k hiu 5 : Horizontal (a) t ngang; Vertical (b) t dc; Tag -

chn la lai k hiu. V tr ca k hiu 6 : nu khng chn mc ny k hiu s khng gn lin vi ca

nh trng hp a v b m s l trng hp c. Lc ny, v tr s cc ca mt khang cch c th trong phn 7.

C th t lin tip nhiu ca Chm dt lnh bng cch nhn Esc hai ln

3. Mi C nhiu cch to lp b mi ca mt cng trnh, trong chng ny chng ta ch nghin cu thit k mi trn cc bc tng c sn. Ln lt theo cc bc sau y : Truy nhp lnh to lp mi trong Basic/Roof/Roof by Footprint Mt hp thai s xut hin xc nh cao ca mi. Sau khi chn xong click nt

OK v tip tc nh hnh 3.B.II.3



Trong Revit Architecture, thng xuyn xy ra cc lm vic ny. Khi chn mt lnh th tan b ni dung ca Design Bar bin i thnh Sketch. y nh l mt bc v nhp, khi ngi s dng ng th Finish chp nhn cho Revit Architecture to lp chi tit trn c s ca bn v nhp .

Sau khi chng ta click vo Finish, c th c 3 trng hp xy ra :

i. Revit Architecture chp nhn to lp chi tit ii. Xut hin trn gc tri mn hnh mt thng bo l khng to lp c. Chng ta

c th khng tip tc hoc tip tc Sketch iii. Xut hin di gc phi mn hnh mt thng bo vi ngha chung l to lp

c, nhng phi ch nhng sai st c th xy ra v sau. Ngi s dng cng c th tip tc c

Hnh 3.B.II.3 Dng phng php chn tng 1 Nu mi dc 2, nu mi phng bng th khng chn mc ny vn ra ca mi so vi tng 3, kch thc c th Mi c gn kt su vo tng hay khng 4 : thng chng ta t chn phn ny. Chn cc bc tng bao ngai Chm dt qu trnh v Sketch - 5 Trong qu trnh lm vic nu mun b qua bc ny th click vo Quit Sketch 6.

III. Bi thc hnh

Trc khi thc hnh, ngh chng ta xem li phn l thuyt 1 ln na. iu ny rt quan trng. Nu chng cha thuc quy trnh to dng nhng chi tit kin trc th chc chn chng ta s quay li rt nhiu ln khi thc hnh. Vi nhng ng tc xem li nhiu ln chc chn chng ta s gp nhiu sai st m bn thn khng bit c. Ln lt lm theo cc bc di y (p dng cho tan b cc thc hnh) :

Khi ng chng trnh Khi Click vo ct lnh File/New bn s thy c 4 la chn : Project, Family, Title Block

v Annotation Symbol. Trong qu trnh thit k chng ta s dng Project cho ln u, ca mt Project, cn Family cho nhiu ln trong qu trnh thit k. Ch l tt c cc thng tin ca mt Project ch nm trong 1 File.



Trong bi ny bn ch cn Click vo Project s xut hin 1 hp thai New Project nh hnh 3.I.1

Hnh 3.B.III.1 Click vo OK Ch :

Thc hnh theo cc bc trn nu nh bn chc chn rng ci t phn mm theo ng h mt. Nu nghi ng th Click vo nt Bowser chn Metric Template/defautMetric trong hp thai Choose Template.

Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng nhiu lai Template theo h mt. Tuy nhin, vi Template trn th tng i l gn vi cc tiu chun Vit Nam hn c. Bn cnh , i vi mt n v thit k xy dng, ngai nhng tiu chun mang tnh php l Revit Architecture cn c tiu chun ring ca n v. Trong qu trnh p dng vo sn xut, Template Defautl ny s c cp nht ln ln theo yu cu. Vn l cc ngi c trch nhim c hiu bit quan tm tin hnh t chc cp nht hay khng?

1. Thit k phn bao Thit k tng trn mt bng Kim tra s lm vic tr n mt bng bng cch vo Pr oject Navigator/View/Floor Plan xem Level 1 c c t m (Bold) hay khng? Nu ri th ln lt lm theo cc bc sau y :

1. Trong phn Tab Design, chn Basic 2. Click vo Wall v iu chnh cc thng s trn mn hnh nh hnh 3.B.III.2 - Ch :

lai tng (Basic Wall : Generic 200 mm), Loc Line (Wall Centerline), Chain

Hnh 3.B.III.2



3. Di chuyn chut v Drawing Area, click vo mt im bt k. 4. iu khin chut ln trn (hng bc) tng song song vi cnh mn h nh, dng

bn phm nhp s 16000 v enter nh hnh 3.B.III.3

Hnh 3.B.III.3

5. Ln lt di chuyn chut theo cc hng vi cc thng s (chiu di tng nhp

bng bn phm) di y : Ty ng : 4000 Bc Nam : 2000 Ty ng : 22000 Nam Bc : 2000 ng Ty : 4000 Bc Nam : 16000 ng Ty : 4000 Nam Bc: 2000 ng Ty : 22000 Bc Nam : 2000 Di chuyn sang tri im bt u (ch Osnap truy bt im rt nhy)

Kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.4

Hnh 3.B.III.4



Trong khi s dng lnh th tn lnh trong Design Bar s sng (lnh modify lun lun sng). Mun that khi lnh nhn phm ESC 2 ln.

6. Di chuyn vo hnh mi tn trn bn phi click chut v dng lnh Move (hnh 3.B.III.5)

Hnh 3.B.III.5 di chuyn cc mi tn ra khi cc bc tng c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.6

Hnh 3.B.III.6

Ch : Trong Revit Architecture vic v theo hng rt quan trng v y l c s xc nh mt trong v mt ngai ca mt bc tng. Theo kinh nghim, chng ta nn v theo hng cng chiu kim ng h th mt trong v ngai ca mt bc tng s d nhn bit hn. Vic ny s gip ngi s dng tit kim thi gian, khi phi thay i sau ny. C th click vo mt bc tng bt k thy c iu ny: mi tn nm pha bn no th l mt ngai ca tng. Nu mun thay i th Click vo cp mi tn.

Hiu chinh chiu cao tng C nhiu cch hiu chnh chiu cao tng. Di y l cch iu chnh chiu cao tng c mi lin h vi cc cao ca cng trnh. Nh chng ta bit, tng thng c xy cao n y dm. Dm th lin kt chc ch vi sn (tc cao cc tng). V vy vic iu chnh chiu cao tng c mi h rng buc cao l hp l Tip tc theo tng bc sau y :

7. Trong Project Browser ln lt clcik chut : vo du + View, du + Elevation, Double vo South c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.7



Hnh 3.B.III.7

8. Di chuyn cc trc ghi ch tng cao ra khi cng trnh (tng t nh buc I.6) 9. Double Click vo ch Level 1 v i tn thnh Tng Trt , Enter v OK cho hp thai , nh

hnh 3.B.III.8

Hnh 3.B.III.8

10. Tng t i Level 2 thnh Tng 1 (ch Project Browser trong Floor Plan i tn).

Cng trnh c cc cao thit k nh sau : Sn vn : -0450 Tng trt : 0000 Tng 1 : 3300 Tng 2 : 6600 Mi : 9900

Cc s liu trn s c s dng xc nh chiu cao ca cc tng ngai

11. Di ch tng 1 l s cao , iu chnh, tng t nh i tn tng, thnh 3300 nh hnh 3.B.III.9

Hnh 3.B.III.9

12. Chn Lnh Level trong Basic tab ca Design Bar , di chuyn ch ut vo im bn tri ca

tng 2, di chuyn chut ln pha trn, nhp bng bn phm s 3300 v enter, hnh 3.B.III.10



Hnh 3.B.III.10 13. Tng t nh bc 12 bn trn, xc nh cao tng 3 (i tn thnh mi), xc nh cao

sn vn (i tn thnh sn vn), kt qu cui cng nh hnh 3.B.III.11

Hnh 3.B.III.11

14. Click chut phi, chn Zoom In Region phng ln nh hnh 3.B.III.12

Hnh 3.B.III.12 15. Click chut vo hnh du ct (du ng) trn trc cao c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.13

Hnh 3.B.III.13



16. Click chut phi, chn Zoom To Fit c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.14

Hnh 3.B.III.14

17. Click va bt k bc tng no , Click chut phi, chn Seclect All Instance , tt c cc bc

tng u c chn (mu ). Chn icon Properties trong Seclect Type, hnh 3.B.III.15

Hnh 3.B.III.15 18. Hp thai Element Properties , iu chnh thng s Base Constrain v Top Constrain nh

hnh 3.16, OK c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.17

Hnh 3.B.III.16



Hnh 3.B.III.17

Ch : nu ngi s dng lm theo nh hnh 3.B.III.16 c ngha l chn cao ca chn tng v nh tng lin kt (constraint) vi cao sn vn v cao mi ca d n. Mi s thay i nu c ca hai cao ny v sau s ko theo s thay i t ng ca chiu cao tng.

2. Thit k khng gian chc nng Thit k tng trn mt bng

Double Click vo tng trt trong View/Floor Plan ca tab Basic Trong phn Tab Design, chn Basic Click vo Wall v iu chnh cc thng s trn mn hnh nh hnh 3.B.IV.1 (Ch : lai

tng (Basic Wall : Generic 200 mm), Loc Line (Wall Centerline), Offset (3000) v click vo trung im ca tng ngang di nht pha bc

Hnh 3.B.IV.1

Trong lc dng hnh trong Revit Architecture, ngi s dng thng xuyn gp thng s Offset. Thng s ny c ngha l s c mt khang cch (do ngi s dng xc nh qua gi tr c th ca thng s) gia s la chn ca ngi s dng v kt qu.



Di chuyn chut xung thng gc gp tng pha di v c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.2

Ch cc kch thc ch tm thi xut hin , khi that kh i lnh chng s bin mt. Nu kch thc tm thi cha bin mt v ngi s dng cha ng vi v tr ca bc tng ny vi 2 tng u hi (nh trong hnh v l 18800 v 12800) th c th Click vo phn ch s bt c kch thc no thay i.

Hnh 3.B.IV.2

Click vo Icon Offset trong Tool Bar, v chn thng s 6000, chn bc tng va to bc 4. (Xem hnh 3.B.II.3)

Hnh 3.B.IV.3



Click c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.II.4

Hnh 3.B.IV.4

Tng t Offset 4000 cc tng ng c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.5

Hnh 3.B.IV.5

Tip tc Offset 5000 cc tng ngang c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.6

Hnh 3.B.IV.6

Click vo lnh Trim (cnh icon ca lnh Offset) v chn chc nng Trim T click vo 2

bc tng (chn tng ngai trc) c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.7



Hnh 3.B.IV.7

Lm tng t c nh hnh 3.B.IV.8

Hnh 3.B.IV.8

Click vo Icon 3D trong Tool Bar c kt qu nh h nh 3.B.IV.9 (ch Project

Browser xut hin thm Folder 3D cha hnh 3D)

Hnh 3.B.IV.9



Ch : i. Hai bc trung ngang ca ni tht c chiu cao bng cc tng bao ngoi v tha

hng tt c nhng c tnh ca cc bc tng c sn ch do lnh Offset m han thnh, cc bc tng trong cn li th thp hn v khi v chng ta khng ch n chiu cao.

ii. Nu ch nhn vo mt bng m thit k th khng th no chng ta thy c s khc bit va nu trn. V vy, trong qu trnh thit k ngi s dng nn thng xuyn s dng 3D kim sat.

iii. Vic kch hat hnh 3D kim sat s hiu qu hn na nu bn kt hp vi cc lnh trong nhm lnh View (xem li chng 2)

Hiu chinh tng ni tht

Double Click vo Tng trt trong View/Floor Plan ca Project Browser Chn tt c tng bn trong bng cch a chut vo trn phi bm v gi chut tri

ko xung di phi v th chut ra nh hnh 3.B.IV.10

Hnh 3.B.IV.10

Khi chng ta thit k theo phng php 2D chng ta thng ch ch n chiu cao tng khi lm vic vi mt ct. Khi s dng Revit Architecture chng ta cng c th han tan lm theo cch ny. Tuy nhin, vi kinh nghim s dng phn mm ny tc gi ra mt vi bt tin ngi hc tham kho

i. Cng i su vo thit k, cng c nhiu thnh phn kin trc xut hin, nh vy kh m quan st ht nhng sai lm trn mn hnh.

ii. Nhn trn mt ct chng ta khng ch thy tng m cn nhiu thnh phn kin trc khc. Vic tm ra nhng sai lm nh trn mt ct khng d cht no c.

V vy, khi lm vic vi Revit Architecture, theo kinh nghim, ngi s dng phi lun lun t hi ti lm r kch thc ca c 3 chiu ca vt th hay cha. Khi t tr li c tha ng th mi tip tc thit k thnh phn mi.

Tng t nh bc 18 phn thit k tng bao, Click vo icon Properties c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.11



Hnh 3.B.IV.11

iu chnh 2 thng s : Top Constrain = tng 1, Base Constrain = Tng trt. Click OK Dng lnh Trim n bc 4 c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.12a, v tip tc cc bc

cn li c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.12b (ch chn Icon nm bn phi ca Icon s dng trong bc II.9)

Hnh 3.B.IV.12a

Ngi s dng c th dng nhiu lnh khc nhng lnh trn c cng kt qu. Nhng trong sch ny, vi mc ch cho ngi hc c c hi s dng cng nhiu lnh khc nhau cng tt nn ngi hc cha cn ch n tc lm vic



Hnh 3.B.IV.12b

Dng lnh Line trong Basic tab bt u (trung im ca bc tng ngai cng bn

tri) v mt ng nh hnh 3.B.IV.13

Hnh 3.B.IV.13

Chn cc bc tng chiu ng bn trong v chn Icon Mirror tren Tool Bar nh hn h

3.B.IV.14

Hnh 3.B.IV.14



Click vo ng thng va v trong bc 17 s c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.II.15

Hnh 3.B.IV.15

Dng lnh Split ct bc tng nh hnh 3.B.IV.16

Hnh 3.B.IV.16

Dng lnh Trim c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.17

Hnh 3.B.IV.17



Click vo 3D trong View/3D View(s) trong Project Browser kim tra kt qu.

3. Thit k ca Thit k ca i Chn tng trt bt u Click vo Door tro ng Basic Tab, chn ca M_Single-Flush : 0864 x 2134 mm nh hnh

3.B.V.1

Hnh 3.B.V.1

(Zoom ln phng trn tri lp t ca nh hnh 3.B.V.2)

Hnh 3.B.V.2

Nu chiu m ra hoc hng bn l khng nh mun, dung chut click tri vo cc mi tn s c kt qu nh mong mun



Tip tc thit k ca cho cc phng khc c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.V.3

Hnh 3.B.V.3

Ch : cc tn ca c th khc i cng cha cn phi ch trong bc ny.

Click vo Door trong Basic Tab , chn Load s c mt hp t n Open xut hin , chn

Door, chn tip M_Double-Glass 2, Click Open nh hnh 3.B.V.4

Hnh 3.B.V.4

Chn ca M _Double-Glass 1730 x 2032 mm, t ca vo tng ngai bn tri , ngay gia hnh lang, theo hnh 3.B.V.5

Hnh 3.B.V.5



Tng t cho tng ngai bn phi kt qu nh hnh 3.B.V.6

Hnh 3.B.V.6

Chn tt c : cc tng trong ni tht , tt c cc ca (Dng phng php cross trong

qu trnh chn ). Nu mun khng chn mt vt th no trong cc thnh phn chn th bm Shift v click tri vo vt th ) Sau , Click tri vo Edit/Copy to Clipboard nh hnh 3.B.V.7

Hnh 3.B.V.7

y l mt khn ngoan ca hng Autodesk khi bit li dng nhng tin ch ca h iu hnh Window.



Vo Edit/Paste Aligned/Select Views By Name c hi thai xut hin - v chn tng 1, tng 2, OK nh hnh 3.B.V.8

Hnh 3.B.V.8

Double Click vo tng 1, tng 2 v 3D xem kt qu. Tng t nh buc th III .7, chn ca M_Bifold-4 Panel, kch thc 1830 x 2134 mm

lm ca ra vo chnh . Chn Views (all)/ 3D Views /3D xem kt qu nh hnh 3.B.V.9

Hnh 3.B.V.9

Thit k ca s V li tng trt v chn ca s (Load/Window/M_Casement 3x3 with Trim) nh bc

3.B.III.5 lp t cc ca s nh hnh 3.B.V.10

Hnh 3.B.V.10



Chn ca s v Click nt Properties (hnh 3.B.V.11), c m t hp thai nh hnh 3.B.V.12

Hnh 3.B.V.11

Hnh 3.B.V.12

Nh cp trong chng 1, hp thai trong Revit Architecture s lin tip xut hin. Trong bc k tip, chng ta mun thay i kch thc ca ca nn chng ta s chn nt Edit



Click vo Edit/New c hp thai nh hnh 3.B.V.13

Hnh 3.B.V.13

n y tc gi lu ngi hc mt iu quan trng : ng bao gi thay i tn hoc thuc tnh ca cc family trong Revit Architecture. Trong bc u ny, chung ta ch thm vo thuc tnh, nhng trong nhng chng ti chng ta s han tan da trn cc to lp Family to nhng thnh phn han tan Vit Nam. Ti sao li phi nh vy?. Cu tr li rt n gin : bn c mun trong h s thit k ca mnh xut hin ln ln gia ting Anh v ting Vit hay khng?

Click vo Duplicate c hp thai, t li tn 1600 x 1400 mm2 nh hnh 3.B.V.14 v OK

Hnh 3.B.V.14



Tr v hp thai trc v iu chnh kch thc nh hnh 3.B.V.15

Hnh 3.B.V.15

OK 2 ln v so snh kt qu vi hnh 3.B.III.19

Hnh 3.B.V.16

Tip tc b tr cc ca nh hnh 3.B.V.17

Hnh 3.B.V.17



em cc ca s ln tng 1 v 2 (tng t nh bc 9 v 10 trn) c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.III.21

Hnh 3.B.V.18

4. Thit k phn che Double Mi trong View/Floor Plan Chn Basic/Roof/Roof By Footprint nh hnh 3.B.VI.1

Hnh 3.B.VI.1

Chn Pick Wall v thay cc thng s : chn Define Slope , Overhang = 500; di chuyn chut n cc bc tng nh hnh 3.B.IV.2 v click mt bc tng bao bt k

Hnh 3.B.VI.2

Tip tc cho cc bc tng cn li c c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.IV.3



(C th cha c cc trc 1, 2 , A, B, cng khng quan trng trong bc ny)

Hnh 3.B.VI.3

Click vo Finish Roof, cho hnh 3D hin th c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.VI.4

Hnh 3.B.VI.4

Tr li mt bng tng trt Double Click vo tng trt to ra cc mt ct Chn Section trong Basic v v ng ct ngang li vo chnh nh hnh 3.B.VI.5

Hnh 3.B.IV.5



Chn Section 1 trong View/Section (va mi xut hin sau khi v xong ng ct) c kt qu nh hnh 3.B.VI.6

Hnh 3.B.VI.6

Tng t 2 bc va lm c mt ct ngang nh hnh 3.B.VI.7

Hnh 3.B.VI.7



III. Bi tp

I. Bi tp thc hnh V li cng trnh vi cc thng s nh hnh di y :



II. Bi tp l thuyt

STT CU HI TR LI S

1 Khi chn Chain, ngi s dng to c n bc tng vi n+1 ln Click tri chut

2 Ngi s dng bt buc phi xc nh chiu cao tng trc khi thit k

3 Mun thay i chiu cao tng ngi s dng ch c mt cch duy nht l thay i kch thc chiu cao ca tng

4 Ngi s dng c th thay i kch thc ca vo bt c lc no

5 Mun thit k mt lai ca m th vin ca Revit Architecture khng cung cp, ngi s dng phi that ra khi bn v hin hnh

6 Trong Revit Architecture tn ca ca trn bn v lun lun b xut hin

7 Sau khi chm dt qa trnh chn la cc bc tng th mi s xut hin trn thit k

8 Lnh Mirror c khi ng bng cch click chut vo Icon

9 Mun k hiu ca ca khng xut hin trn thit k l khng c php. 10 Ngi s dng c th di chuyn 1 bc tng bng lnh Offset

III. ti tho lun Trong phn thit k khng gian chc nng, ngai cch to lp tng bng lnh Offset hc trong chng, bn c ngh thm cch no khc na khng ?

CHC MNG BN HC XONG CHNG 3

Chng 4 Chi tit ha

cc khng gian chc nng

Chng 4 : Chi tit ha cc khng gian chc nng


Chng 4 Chi tit ha cc khng gian chc nng

A. M u

I. Gii thiu Tip tc thit k mt nh lm vc trong chng 3, trong chng ny s hiu chnh hnh dng bn ngoi ca mt cng trnh t nhng tng ban u. Sau khi han chnh khi dng chng ta s chi tit ha cc khng gian ny vi cc thit b v sinh v thit lp giao thng ng.

II. Kt qu t c Sau khi hon tt chng ny, ngi s dng s bit c Thit k mt h ct cho cng trnh Phng php v quy trnh thit k mt Basic Wall m trong Revit Architecture khng

cung cp a Comp

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REVIT 2009