Revit Arc 2009 TiengViet Chuong-1

Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Chng 1 : Tng quan v Revit v BIM

Chng 1 Tng quan v Revit v BIMA. M uI. Gii thiuRevit Architecture l mt phn mm dng cho ngnh thit k kin trc ca hng AutoDesk c sn xut theo khuynh hng BIM. Ni dung ca chng ny l trnh by nhng kin thc c bn ngi s dng bit c Revit Architecture lm c g v lm nh th no cho minh khi s dng n,

II.

Mc ch

Sau khi hon tt nghin cu v thc hnh chung ny, ngi s dng s Hiu c thit k kin trc vi s h tr ca my tnh theo khuynh hng BIM. Bc u quen thuc vi giao din v c im hot ng ca Revit Architecture Mt s thao tc c bn trong vic thit k mt cng trnh kin trc Ban u hnh thnh mt phong cch t duy thit k vi my tnh l cng c h tr tht s ch my tnh ch thay bt thc trong qu trnh lm vic.

B. Ni dungI. Lch s ca Revit Buildingi vi nhng ngi lm thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam , cc phn mm ca Hng AutoDesk l kh quen thuc. Ho khng xa l g vi cc phn mm nh ACAD, 3D Studio, 3D Max, 3D Viz . . . Sau hn mt thp nin s dng , ho quen thuc n xem nh y l nhng phn mm c bn cho ngnh thit k xy dng . Hin nay, phn ln cc c s o to ngnh thit k kin trc vn con tip tc dy phn mm ACAD nh l phn mm chuyn ngnh. Phn mm ACAD cho cng vic thit k kin trc trong th ky 21 c hiu qu hay khng? C l chng ta nghe ni n nhng phn mm khc nh Architectural Desktop, Micro Station, ArchiCad . . . ca nhiu hng khc nhau. Vy th ta nn chon phn mm no cho cng vic thit k hin nay. Tht ra, mi phn mm u c u khuyt im ring ca mnh. Vn t ra khng phi l phn mm no hay hay d, m mi c nhn u phi t mnh tm ra phn mm thch hp cho cng vic hng ngy. tng chnh xc cho vic chon la ny, chng ta s xem li lich s pht trin cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk pht hnh cho ngnh thit k xy dng.

1. Cac phn mm ca hang AutoDesk cho ngnh thit k kin truca. Khai nim v CAD CAD l vit tt ca cm t Computer Aided Design (my tnh tr gip thit k ) ng thi cung l c mun ca con ngi trong thi i tin hoc. Ni chung, thit k l mt cng vic ca nhiu ngnh ngh khc nhau . Tuy nhin, i vi ngnh thit k xy dng th iu

Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture

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Nguyn Phc Thin


ban u c hiu nh l s xut hin ca hnh nh trn mn hnh theo y mun ca ngi s dng. to lp mt hnh nh trn mn hnh, my tnh da vo 2 nguyn ly ca ngnh ton hnh hoc : Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc c in : hnh nh l tp hp cc im . Da vo nguyn ly ny s c hnh nh dng raster. y l dng hnh nh cui cng c to thnh bi cc phn mm nh 3D Max, 3D Viz . . . Mt im ca hnh nh c biu thi trn mn hnh bng mt pixel . Mt pixel c qun ly bi cc thuc tnh nh vi tr, mu sc . . . V vy, mt hnh nh c kch thc hnh hoc cng ln th s pixel cng nhiu, keo theo yu c u nhiu ti nguyn ca phn cng qun ly thng tin. H qu l dung lng file cng ln , phn mm s x ly chm Hnh raster thng c nhng u im c bn l : mu sc v to hnh phong ph gn vi thc t. Nguyn ly cua hinh hoc giai tich : hnh nh l thi ca mt hm s y = f(x). Da vo nguyn ly ny s c hnh nh dng vector . y l dng hnh nh c to ra bi phn mm nh ACAD Mt hnh nh vector c qun ly bng mt hm s v mt vi thng s . Do , d kch thc hnh nh ln hay nho cung khng nh hng nhiu n dung lung file. Hnh vector th ng c nhng c im : n sc, to hnh kem phong ph so vi hnh raster. C th to hnh phong ph hn , nhng v cn nhiu hm s hoc hm s bc cao nn dn n l dung lng file tng theo , nhng vn khng ln bng hnh raster cng mt ni dung. Vy ngi lm thit k kin trc s dng loai phn mm no, kt qu l hnh raster hay vector, cho cng vic hng ngy ca mnh ? Cu tra li l ca hai. C vector ln raster, ty thuc vo giai oan no trong qu trnh thit k : qu trnh thit k cc khng gian chc nng, vector hiu qu hn; qu trnh nghin cu vt liu v mu, raster hiu qu hn. Bn cnh , ngoai nhng hnh nh thy c trn mn hnh l thng tin hnh hoc (graphic information), ngi lm thit k kin trc con cn n nhng thng tin khng phi l hnh nh goi l thng tin phi hnh hoc (non-graphic information ) nh din tch , th t ch, khi lng . . . ca cng vic m ho ang lm. Xem hnh 1.B.I.1a Da trn nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc, khng ch ngnh thit k cng trnh m cc b mn lin quan n mt d n nh ti chnh, qun ly d n . . . s khai thc thc c th cho cng vic ca mnh phc v d n.


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V d : hin nay, Vit Nam chng ta, kh c mt d n no c th a ra tng vn u t mt cch chnh xc. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng nguyn nhn ch yu l khu thit k khng c mt cng c tnh ton khi lng thit k mt cc nhanh chng v ng tin cy m hu nh da hon ton vo con ngi. Nu ngi thit k s dng cc phn mm theo khuynh hng BIM thit k th khi lng s c tnh ton mt cch t ng v hon toan chnh xc theo nhng g xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hnh 1.B.I.1 Trn c s hai phng thc hnh thnh nh trn, cc phn mm CAD to lp cc hnh thc xut hin gm : Surface Model : Ruled Surfaces Solid Modeling NURB Surface Modeling Parametric Modeling Xem hnh 1.B.I.2

Surface Models

Ruled Surface

Solid Modeling Hnh 1.B.I.2

NURB Surface Modeling

Parametric Modeling


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Trong 5 thnh phn c bn trn th Solid Modeling v Parametric Modeling c ngnh thit k kin trc s dng nhiu hn c. Modelling c m hnh ho thnh cc m hnh di y : Box : khi hp Cylinder : khi tr Cone : khi nn Torus : khi vong xuyn Wedge : khi hnh nm Sphere : khi cu

Box

Cylinder

Cone

Wedge

Torus Hnh 1.B.I.3

Sphere

T cc m hnh c bn v da trn nguyn ly ca bin hnh Morphology, mt s lnh c dng to hnh theo tr tng tng ngi s dng. Da vo nhng yu t va cp trn y , hng AutoDesk ln lt xut bn nhng phn mm khc nhau cho ngnh thit k xy dng. b. Cac phn mm cho ngnh thit k xy dng ca hang AutoDesk Trong nhng nm 90, ACAD l phn mm c ngi thit k kin trc s dng ph bin nht khi thit k hnh hoc vector (m nh im l ACAD R.14 hin nay l phin bn 2008), v 3D Max (nh im l phin bn 5.0, hin nay l phin bn 9.0)Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 4 Nguyn Phc Thin


khi thit k hnh hoc raster. y c xem nh l nhng phn mm ng dng cng ngh th nht l CAD. Nhn vo hin trng s dng ti Vit Nam, ACAD c s dng nh l mt cng c v k thut. CAD ch c y ngha nh l Computer Aided Drawing. Mt s ngi c kh nng lp trnh bng AutoLisp pht trin thm mt s lnh chuyn ngnh kn trc. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny cung khng th hn na v thiu nhng c s php ly mang tnh v m. iu ny c th hin c th qua s vic l n nay Vit Nam vn cha c mt quy chun v t tn Layer (Hip Hi Kin Trc S Hoa K ban hnh tiu chun ny t nm 1994). Trc khi xut bn ACAD 2000, AutoDesk c th nghim mt phin bn 14.1 goi tn l Architectural Desktop. Phn mm ny l s kt hp gia phn mm Acad v AEC (truc y ca hng SoftDesk). y l phin bn dnh ring cho ngi tht k kin trc. Ngi s dng n nhn phin bn ny mt cc nng nhit v ho thy rng y ng l mt phn mm CAD ng ngha (Computer Aided Design). Tuy nhin, cng s dng ho cng thy thiu nhng cng c cn thit. AutoDesk tip tc pht trin cho n phin bn Architectural Desktop 2006 c xem nh l phin bn c s dng ph bin nht. n nhng nm u th ky 21, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii s dng Architectural Desktop cho thit k Vector v Viz Render cho thit k raster hoc dng trc tip v 3D Viz nu ch mun to c kt qu thit k kin trc bng hnh raster. Hin nay, Architectural Desktop s dng phin bn 2008. y l nhng ng dng ca cng ngh th 2 goi l cng ngh CAD Objects. Architectural Desktop l mt phn mm c pht trin da trn nn ca phn ACAD nhng theo hng BIM (Building Information Modelling xem phn gii thch bn di). Vi phn mm ny, ngi thit k kin trc thay i hn cch lm vic ca mnh. Ho khng con phi lm vic nh khi dng phn mm ACAD (phng php lm vic nh vi bt thc). Ho khng phi nghin cu i tng bng mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . m ch nghin cu hoan toan trn hnh 3D. Tt c nhng thng tin hnh hoc nh mt bng, mt ng, mt ct . . . hay thng tin phi hnh hoc nh khi lng thit k, s lng vt t . . . u c trch xut t ng t m hnh 3D. CAD ca ngnh thit k kin trc tr thnh mt b mn mi ca ngnh tin hoc v mang tn CAADD (Computer Aided Architectural Design and Database). Tuy nhin, do da trn phn mm ACAD nn Architectual Desktop c nhng hn ch nh : mt s chi tit kin trc (nh mi vom) khng th c phn mm thit k t ng theo hng BIM c; mun s dng phn mm phi s dng c ACAD; nm bt c chng trnh phc v cho cng vic thit k khng phi l mt vic d dng. Ngoai ra, s hiu bit su sc v y mt s lnh nh Pedit, Line, Poyline, Xef . . . ca Acad l rt cn thit s dng c Architectural Desktop.


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C l rng, y chnh l nguyn nhn nhng ngi thit k kin trc ca Vit Nam tuy thy c nhng li ch qu thit thc ca Architectuarl Desktop cho cng vic ca mnh, nhng s dng kh hn ch. n u nm 2006, vi phin bn 9 ca Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc trn th gii c mt cng c kh ly tng cho cng vic hng ngy ca mnh. Tuy l mt sn phm ca mt hng phn mm quen thuc l AutoDesk, nhng ngi thit k kin trc Vit Nam rt t bit n. C nhiu nguyn nhn, nhng c l nguyn nhn quan trong nht l khng y n mt trong nhng c s ly lun quan trong Revit Architecture xut hin v nhn c s n nhn nng nhit ca th gii l khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng. Vi Revit Building, ngi s dng khng cn phi hoc Acad, 3D Max . . . m ch cn bit nhng kin thc c bn tin hoc l p ng c yu cu hoc. 2. Revit Building v cac phn mm thit k xy dng a. Khuynh hng BIM trong ngnh cng nghip xy dng BIM (Building Information Modeling m hnh thng tin xy dng) l mt khuynh hng ng i ca ngnh cng nghip xy dng ca mt s quc gia m c th l M. y l mt hng i c tnh bt buc theo nghi ca BOMA (Building Operater Manager Association Hip hi nhng nh vn hnh v qun ly cng trnh xy dng). Trong thi i tin hoc, nhng ngi ca BOMA khng coi h s thit k ch c gi tri trong giai oan xy dng cng trnh m con phi l mt vn kin c s qun ly v vn hnh cng trnh khi cng trnh c a vo hoat ng. i vi ho vic oc mt h s thit k l qu phc tp v phi cn n nhng kin thc chuyn mn ca ngnh xy dng. V vy, ho yu cu phi c mt m hnh 3D (ho s d oc v d hiu hn) gn nhng thng tin cn thit vo , khi cn ho s truy xut nhng thng tin hoc t c nhng thng tin mi. b. Cng ngh PBM Cng ngh PBM (Parametric Building Model M hnh cng trnh xy dng c cha thng s) c AutoDesk a ra v goi l cng ngh th 3 phn bit vi cng ngh CAD (th 1) v CAD Objects (cng ngh th 2). Vi cng ngh ny th mt gi gii php c Autidesk a Revit Architecture phc v ngnnh thit k xy dng : Revit Building l mt phn mm dng cho chuyn ngnh thit k kin trc, Revit Structure l phn mm thit k kt cu t cc d liu do cc phn mm phn tch kt cu Robot, Etabs, Risa. . . a Revit Architecture theo chun IFC. Revit MEP l phn mm thit k MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) Cc phn mm theo cng ngh th 1 v 2 nu mun lm vic c theo gi gii php ny cn thng qua Revit.


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Revit Building c kh nng to hnh khi dng cung nh cc chi tit phong ph v linh ng hn nhiu so vi cc phn mm CAD. Ngoi ra, khi s dng phn mm thuc cng ngh PBM, nhng vic nh thng k khi lng (gch, xi mng, thep, vn khun . . . ni chung l nhng vt liu c mt trong cng trnh xy dng) s c phn mm t ng sn sinh. H s thit k k thut c phn mm qun ly mt cch chc ch v chnh xc. V khng ch c vy, ngi s dng c c tt c nhng thng tin hnh hoc v phi hnh hoc ca cng trnh ti bt thi im k ca qu trnh xy dng. V nhng c im ny, mt s nh chuyn mn v xy dng goi y l phn mm 4D (3D + chiu thi gian). Bn cnh , Revit Building l mt trong nhng phn mm him hoi ca ngnh thit k kin trc lm vic theo c hai inh dng nh vector v raster, tc x ly nhanh, chim dung lng a cng thp, ch cn c trnh tin hoc cn bn (nh Microsoft Word, chi nhng game n gin) ch khng cn bit s dng ACAD (mt yu cu quan trong khi hoc Architectural Desktop). Ch S dng Revit Building, ngi thit k kin trc khng ch c mt h s thit k k thut m con c h s trnh din nh cc phi cnh ni ngoai tht cng trnh bt k gc no, ti bt k vi tr ia ly no, vo bt k thi im vo trong nm, cc oan phim chuyn ng.

Hnh 1.B.I.4


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Cc phn mm ca hng AutoDesk c mt c im goi l Mid-Price Software (phn mm gi trung bnh. C nhng phn mm c vi tnh nng vt tri ca cc hng khc, nhng i vi hiu qu kinh t trong thit k th AutoDesk vn c coi l s la chon hang u. n nay, ACAD c 17 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ACAD 2008), 7 phin bn c 7 phin bn c pht hnh (mi nht l ADT 2008) trong sut qu trnh tn ti ca mnh trong hn 20 nm. Revit Building ch mi hnh thnh v xut hin trong 4 nm gn y, nhng cung c n 4 phin bn v phin bn mi nht tn l Revit Architecture 2008. Qua y chng ta cung thy r gi tri ca Revit Architecture trong ngnh cng nghip ngy nay trn th gii. Vic s dng Revit Architecture Vit nam trong giai oan hin nay v sp n cn c khuyn khch. c c cng mt kt qu, vic hoc tp s dng Revit Architecture ch chim thi gian hoc cc phn mm khc. Ngoai Revit Architecture, nng sut lm vic s tng t nht 400% i vi nhng ngi ang lm vic vi nhng phn mm hin dung. Nh vy vic s dng Revit Architecture khng ch l mt yu cu ca ring bn thn ngnh thit k kin trc m con l yu cu ca ngnh thit k xy dng c th lm vic theo hnh thc TeamWork.

II. Cu truc v c im ca Revit Architecture

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, giao din nh hnh v 1.B.II.1.B. Chng ta nhn xet rng giao din tng t nh giao din ca phn mm Microsoft Word. C 9 thnh phn cu to nn giao din ca Revit Building gm : Menu, Tool Bar, Option Bar, Type Selector, Design bar, Project Browser, Status Bar, View Control Bar v Drawing Area. Di y s kho st bit chc nng tng qut ca tng thnh phn

Hnh 1.B.II.1Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 8 Nguyn Phc Thin


1. Giao din ca Revit Architecture a. Menu :

Hnh 1.B.II.2 : Menu Gm c 10 ct lnh, bn trong cc ct lnh cha cc lnh c ghi bng ch. Cu trc ny tng t nh chng trnh Micropsoft Window hay Excel (v d cc ct lnh File, Edit, Window, Help). T cc ct lnh ny, ngi s dng c th truy nhp gn nh toan b cc lnh b. Tool Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.3 : Tool Bar y l ni cha cc nhm lnh nh l nhng cng c thi cng trong cng trng xy dng. Nu bit qua ACAD hay ADT th ngi s dng s cm thy quen thuc. Tuy nhin, so vi 2 phn mm trn th nhm Tool Bar ny c ni dung hoat ng phong ph hn rt nhiu. c. Option bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.4 : Option Bar Sau khi chon c lnh th y l ni chon cc c tnh ca cc chi tit kin trc m ta mun a vo cng trnh. d. Type Selector :

Hnh 1.B.II.5 : Type BarThit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 9 Nguyn Phc Thin


L ni chon s khc nhau (nh kch thuc, chng loai . . ) cho mi t hp chi tit kin trc (nh ca, tung . . . ) m ngi s dng mun a vo thit k ca mnh. Nhng c tnh ca mi t hp nh vy c goi l Properties. e. Design Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.6 : Design bar y l ni th 3 m ngi s dng c th s dng truy nhp gn nh cc lnh chon la cc thnh phn ca mt cng trnh v c phn chia thnh 8 nhm : Basic View Modelling Draft Rendering Site Massing Area Analysis Structure Construction Cc nhm lnh thng xuyn s dng l : Basic v Modelling l 2 nhm lnh ch yu thit k Vector; View l nhm lnh iu khin mn hnh; Rendering l nhm lnh sn sinh hnh Raster; Massing v Area Analysis l 2 nhm lnh c dng nhiu trong giai oan s phc (Concept) Chng ta c th cho hin ln hay tm thi mt i cc nhm lnh ty y bng cch a chut vo bt k mt nhm no vo Click phi v chon.


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f. Project Browser :

Hnh 1.B.II.7 : Project Browser Project Browser c t chc theo hnh thc tng bc v l ni cha tt c nhng thng tin cung nh kt qu lm vic. Sau khi khi ng chng trnh, trong Project c mc inh gm 3 phn : View, Family, Group Trong View c t chc, mt cch mc inh bi phn mm, thnh 3 thnh phn trong bc khi u gm : Floor Plans cha tt c cc file mt bng sn ca cng trnh, Ceiling Plan cha tt c cc file mt bng trn ca cng trnh, Elevations cha cc file mt ng ca cng trnh. Trong qu trnh lm vic,, nu ngi s dng cn thit phi sn sinh ra cc hnh phi cnh, cc mt ct . . . th chng trnh s t ng sinh ra cc th mc 3D, Sections . . . thuc th mc View. g. Status Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.8 : Status Bar


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Cc hoat ng cn thit trong qu trnh lm vic ca ngi s dng c nhc nh ti y. Tng t nh dong Command Lines ca Acad h. View Control Bar :

Hnh 1.B.II.9 : View Control bar i. Drawing Area :

Hnh 1.B.II.10 : Drawing Area y l ni lm vic ch yu ca ngi s dng. Ty thuc vo s iu khin ca ngi s dng i vi Project Browser m khu vc ny s c nhng hnh vector nh : mt bng (trt, lu 1, lu 2 . . .), mt ng, mt ct . . . hoc raster nh : phi cnh cng trnh c gn vt liu di nh sng mt tri, ni tht cng trnh vi c v chiu sng nhn to. mt bng, mt ng . . . chng trnh mc inh sn nhng chi tit thng thy trong bn v, v d : 4 du hiu nhn v mt ng (trn bn v Floor Plan), cc li biu hin tng cao ca cng trnh (trn bn v Elevations) 2. Mt s c im ca Revit Architecture a. Quan l : Bt c mt chi tit (Object) no ca hnh nh hin ln trn mn hnh u phi c qun ly bi nhiu ch th khc nhau. i vi ngi s dng vic qun ly v lm ch mt chi tit trn mn hnh l iu ti quan trong v cn thit. Mi phn mm u c cch qun ly khc nhau. Thng thng, ngi s dng cc phn mm hoa qun ly Object bng Layer.Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 12 Nguyn Phc Thin


Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng qun ly Object theo thng qua nhim v ca vt th ., v d : ca i, ca s, tng S lin h gia cc vt th s c t ng thit lp cung ty thuc vo nhim v ca chng, v d ca lun lun gn cht vi tng, nu khng c tng khng bao gi ngi s dng c th b tr ca trong thit k ca mnh. Trong h thng lin h , c mt chi tit lm ch (Host). S thay i ca Host s keo theo s thay i ca cc thnh phn con li, v d : gn chi tit sn vo chi tit cao , chi tit tng vo chi tit sn; nh vy khi cao thay i, th chi tit sn cung thay i v chi tit tng chung thay i theo. b. Biu hin : S xut hin hay tm thi bin mt c thc hin d dng. Nhng chi tit kin trc c th hin bng cc loai net khc nhau trn nn trng. Mt vt th lun lun c th hin c hnh 2D ln 3D d chng ta dng bt k hnh chiu no lm vic. Hnh 3D ty thuc vo ngi s dng c th hin hnh bng nguyn ly Raster hay Vector. Revit Architecture con gip ngi s dng th hin mc hin hnh ny ty vo mc chi tit ca trnh by, v d : d ta ch v mt ln, trn mt bng mt bc tng ca mc th (Coarse) ch c 2 net song song vi nhau, nhng nu mc trung bnh (Medium) hay chi tit tit (Fine), tng s c rt nhiu net nh lp va t, lp p, ky hiu vt liu gch

Mc th

c. Phng tin dng hnh : Revit Architecture vn cung cp cung cp cho ngi s dng cc loai ng nh ng thng, cung tron, t gic vung gc . . . nh l nhng phng tin c bn dng hnh. Tuy nhin, khc vi nhng phn mm khc dnh cho ngi thit k kin trc, Revit Architecture khng bt buc ngi s dng phi l thuc vo mt h toa no c, tt c ch ty thuc vo mt phng lm vic (Work Plan). Nhng iu ny khng phi lun lun xy ra. Khi cn thit, ngi s dng khi gp nhng n ln, cn phn chia cc hng mc vi nhau th Revit Architecture vn cung cp mt phng tin qun ly cc mi lin h ny thoe toa chnh xc. d. Revise It = Revit : Mt c im ca ngi thit k kin trc trong qua trnh lm vic l t duy hnh hoc xy Revit Architecture trc t duy hnh hoc. Trc y, nhng ngi thit k ln tui coi y l mt tr ngi ln khi mun s dng my tnh trong cng vic ca mnh. Tuy nhin, ngi s dng Revir Architecture s khng gp phi tr ngi ny. Ngi s dng c vic dng hnh truc ri iu chnh kch thc lc no cung c.Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 13 Nguyn Phc Thin

Mc chi tit Hnh 1.B.II.11


Hn na, mt n thit k xy dng thng c chnh sa rt nhiu ln. Khi s dng Revit Architecture, vic chnh sa n c l mt vic lm rt d v mun lm bt c lc no trong sut thi gian thc hin n cung c. Ngay c khi n c a vo thi cng th vic chnh sa vn c th tin hnh sun s. y l mt u im rt ln ca Revit Architecture nh h thng qun ly rt hp ly ni trn. Vic chnh s ny c th tin hnh bt c thnh phn biu hin no ca n. iu chnh trn hnh 2D th 3D t ng cp nht v ngc li. V vy, Revit Architecture c nghi mt khu hiu : Any Where Any Time. e. Khi lng : Bt c lc no ngi s dng Revit Architecture cung u c th bit c khi lng chi tit c s dng trong n. Kt hp vi gi tri kinh t c th, gi thnh ca cng trnh c kim sat mt cch chnh xc l linh ng. iu ny rt c gi tri i vi b phn qun ly d n. V da trn nhng lng chnh xc ny, tin thi cng, tin ti chnh, tin vt t s c mt c s lp nn k hoach ca mnh. f. Vectro v Raster Trong qu trnh thit k, nghin cu mu sc v cht cm b mt l mt cng oan rt quan trong. Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng cc phng tin nghin cu kh hu hiu c th in Revit Architecture giy nhng hnh nh hnh chp cng trnh hoan thnh bn cnh nhng h s k thut m chng ta thng gp. Bn cnh vic nghin cu nh sng i vi cng trnh cung a Revit Architecture nhng phng tin nghin cu tht n gin v ht sc hiu qu. Nu truc y, vic nghin cu nh sng, da trn ly thuyt ca mn vt ly kin trc phn chiu sng, chim rt nhiu thi gian ca ngi thit k th vi Revit Architecture qu d dng. Vt ly kin trc ch gip chng ta nghin cu c bng lm r khi dng cng trnh v nhng chi tit che chn nhng nh nng khng cn thhit. Con nh sng s tc ng nh th no n mu sc v cht cm b mt nh th no th khng cp. Nhng y l mt yu cu quan trong i vi ngi thit k kin trc. Revit Architecture gip ngi s dng rt hiu qu trong cng oan ny 3. Mt s thut ng ca Revit Architecture a. Project : Revit Building gip ngi s dng lm vic v qun ly thng tin bng khi nim Project (d n) da trn khuynh hng BIM v cng ngh PBM. Mt project c my tnh qun ly dng file (khc vi Architectural Desktop l di dng 1 project). Mt file Project cha ng tt c thng hnh hoc (gm c hnh vector ln raster) v phi hnh hoc ngi s dng c th trch xut, hiu chnh thng tin bt c lc no, ti bt c thnh phn no ca thnh phn d n. Cc thng tin trong mt d n c mi lin h lgich vi nhau. Gi s rng A v B c mi lin h vi nhau, nu ngi s dng thay i ni dung ca A hoc B th chng trnh t ng thay i nhng thng tin ca thnh phn con li A v B vn gi c bn cht v quy lut ca mi quan h .


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Mt cng trnh kin trc l t hp ca nhiu chi tit nh : tng, ca, sn, mi. Chi tit l t hp ca cc thnh phn n l nh : cnh, khung bao, bn l, kha . . . Revit Building lm vic gip ngi s dng lm vic trn chi tit kin trc nh tng, ca, sn . . . m ta goi l chi tit hnh hoc. Ngoai ra, con c nhng chi tit phi hnh hoc m nu khng c th chng ta khng th hoan chnh mt thit k c nh : li ct, kch thc . . . Nhng chi tit va cp trn c Revit Building goi l cc Element. Cc Element c phn ra lm 5 loai v xp vo 3 nhm nh hnh 1.B.II.12

Hnh 1.B.II.12 b. Model Elements : y l nhng chi tit kin trc t hp nn cng trnh. Trong Revit Model Elements c chia ra lm 2 loai : Host Elements : gm cc chi tit nn (sn), tng, mi, trn, cu thang, dc (ramp). Cc chi tit ny c to lp ngay (Built In Place) trong Project (thuc File Project) Component Elements : gm cc chi tit ca i, ca s, c ni tht cc thit bi v mt s ky hiu chuyn ngnh kin trc nh du ct, khai trit chi tit . . .(nhng Element khng phi l Host). c im ca cc chi tit ny l ngi s dng c th to lp trc v lu gi thnh 1 th vin khi cn thit th em ra s dng. i vi loai ny, Revit Building goi l Family.


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Family c t chc nh mt nhnh cy goi l Family Tree. Xem v d di y : Element : Wall Family/System Family : Basic Wall Type : Exterior Brick on CMU Instance : Actual User-Drawn wall in projec Phn mm Revit v cc trang webnh Revit City l ngun Family rt ln cho ngi s dng. Tuy Revit vn cho phep ngi s dng thit k family theo y thch, nhng ngi s dng nn kho st trc cc family trong phn mm trc khi thit k mt family mi. c. View Elements : L cc thnh phn thng tin hnh hoc t hp cc chi tit ca cng trnh m ngi s dng qua lm cng vic thit k ca mnh. C 6 thnh phn thuc view elements, gm : Floor Plans : cc mt bng sn Ceiling Plans : cc mt bng trn 3 D Views : cc hnh phi cnh Elevations : cc mt ng Sections : cc mt ct Schedule : cc bng thng k khi lng Mi khi ngi s dng to lp thnh phn view no th chng trnh s t ng sp xp theo bng lit k trn. d. Annotation Elements : L nhng thnh phn ghi ch trn h s thit k ca cng trnh, gm 2 loai : Datum Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc phc v nhng yu cu ca thit k, gm : Levels (cc cao trnh), Column Grids (li ct), Reference Plan (cc mt phng m ngi s dng lm vic) Annottation Elements : l nhng thng tin phi hnh hoc phc v nhng yu cu ghi ch ca h s thit k, gm : Dimesion (kch thc), Text Notes (chi ch), Loaded Text (tn trong cc ky hiu v d D1 l tn ca), Symbols (cc ky hiu)

Ngoai Revit Architecture, ty vo trng hp c th ngi s dng con c th thy nhng th mc thnh phn khc

III. Thc hnh

Trc khi lm cc bi thc hnh, nghi cc bn oc k phn ly thuyt. Thit k 1 nh bo v vi cc thng s di y : 1. Kch thc cng trnh trn mt bng 4000 x 6000. 2. Tng cao 4000, dy 200, c b tr 1 ca i chnh 3. Mi dc 4 pha vi dc 30 , vn ra khoi tng 500


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Thc hnh ln lt cc buc sau : 1. Thit k tng ngoai - hnh 1.B.III.1

Hnh 1.B.III.1 Khi ng chng trnh v xc inh chc chn Level 1 trong Project Browse c t m (Bold). iu ny xc inh trong Area Drawing mt bng tng 1 (level 1) sn sng thit k Chon Basic/Wall trong Design Bar thay i cc thng s : basic Wall : Generic 200 mm, Height (chiu cao tng), Loc Line, Chain v bt u v (Thao tc theo th t nh trong hnh - bc 11 trng vi 7 ). Sau bc 11 Esc 2 ln that khoi lnh. Nn dng chut 3 nt, ln nt gia dng thu phng (zoom), hoc nt gia v di chuyn chut x dich bn v (pan) Ch y : Trong bi tp rt n gin lm quen ny, chng ta nn lm tht chm v xem xet nhng logic ca cc buc theo t duy 3D Ngi hoc s c gii thch tng chi tit trong lnh trong cc chng lin quan. Nhng ng tc trong bc ny s c gii thch rt chi tit v c th trong chng 3 Lc u c th cha quen nn bn s di chuyn hi trch hng thng ngang hoc thng ng. Nhng ln ln, bn s thy rt thun tin khi Revit Architecture c v u tin khhi ta di chuyn thng gc. Nu giao din mn hnh c khc i phn nho no so vi hnh trn th cung khng e ngi m c tip tc.Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 17 Nguyn Phc Thin


2. Thit k tng trong hnh 1.B.III.2

Hnh 1.B.III.2 Dng lnh Offset trong Tool Bar c thm mt bc tng nm di bc tng pha bc 2000 (thay th gi tri 0000 bng gi tri 2000 trong nm cnh ch offset). Lp t ca : click chut tri theo th t hnh 1.B.III.3 b tr ca i cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.3


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Theo hnh 1.B.III.4 b tr ca s cho cng trnh

Hnh 1.B.III.4 3. Thit k mi Click Basic/Roof/Roof by FootPrint ca Design Bar ri Yes bng hin ra v mn hnh s nh hnh 1.B.III.5 (cc bc tng s m i)

Hnh 1.B.III.5


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Ch y : khi a con tro n bt k bc tng no s c mt ng chm song song vi mt bng bc tung . Ch click chut khi no ng chm ny xut hin pha ngai bc tng Lm theo cc buc trong hnh 1.B.III.5 v bm nt Finish Roof c kt qu nh khng c g thay i. Double Click vo Elevations (Building)/South c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.6.

Hnh 1.B.III.6 Click vo nt 3D nh ch dn trn hnh 1.B.III.6 c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.7

Hnh 1.B.III.7


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n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Tuy ban u lm vic trn mt bng nhng thc cht cc chi tit c thit k trong Revit Building hiu nh l mt m hinh 3D Cc chi tit kin trc c Revit Building cung cp p ng c yu cu chuyn ngnh

Ch y : Bn nn hnh thnh 1 thi quen trong t duy 3D : khi bn hoan chnh thit k mt thnh phn kin trc trn mt bng, trc khi kt lun rng cng vic hoan tt, th nn kch hoat hnh3D xem xet cn thn ri hn kt lun. Hnh 3D m chng ta va thy trn ch l mt phn rt nho m Revit Architecture cung cp cho ngi s dng. Con rt nhiu ng dng 3D khc m cng v sau bn s cng thy va y. 4. Trch xut mt ct hnh 1.B.III.8

Hnh 1.B.III.8 Double Click vo Level 1 Click Basic/Section trong Design bar V ng ct ngang ca s Double Click vo tng thnh phn ca Project Browser xem kt qu 5. Trnh by cc thnh phn trn bn v Click phi vo Sheet ca Project Browser chon New Sheet. Ok trn hp thoai c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.9Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 21 Nguyn Phc Thin


Hnh 1.B.III.9 Di chuyn chut vo Level 1, v gi phm tri chut, di chuyn vo t giy, th chut, tm vi tr thch hp v click tri c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.10

Hnh 1.B.III.10Thit k kin trc vi Revit Architecture 22 Nguyn Phc Thin


Nhn phm ESC 2 ln Lm tng t cho cc thnh phn con li : 4 mt ng, 1 mt ct, phi cnh 3D c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.11

Hnh 1.B.III.11 6. Xem xet nhng mi lin h - hnh 1.B.III.12

Hnh 1.B.III.12


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V li Level 1 Chon ca i chnh v di chuyn v bn tri Double Click vo Basic/Sheets/A 101 Unname c kt qu nh hnh 1.B.III.13

Hnh 1.B.III.13 Nhn xet vi tr ca thay i vi tr trn cc thnh phn ca bn v V li phi cnh 3D Thm 1 ca s vo tng pha ng nh hnh 1.B.III.14

Hnh 1.B.III.14


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V li giy v nh hnh 1.B.III.5 v so snh s thay i

Hnh 1.B.III.15 n y ta c nhng nhn xt sau : Cng on trich xut cc hinh chiu thng gc theo yu cu cua h s thit k k thut l mt vic hon ton t ng do Revit Architecture am trch. Vi vy, ngi thit k tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian.Lc ny s xay Revit Architecture mt trong 2 trng hp : hoc thi gian han chnh h s s nhanh hn, hoc s c nhiu thi gian cho thit k chuyn ngnh hn. Mi quan h gia gia hinh chiu thng gc v hinh 3D l mi quan h 2 chiu : iu chnh 3D thi 2D thay i, iu chnh 2D thi 3D thay i. y l mt u im tuyt vi m phn mm Architectural Desktop kh khn hn mi lm c Vic chnh sathit k do chu u t yu cu s n gian hn rt nhiu v gn nh khng c s khng n khp gia cc thnh phn trong mt b h s.


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.

C. Bi tpI.Thit k mt cn nh vi cc d kin nh di y : Kch thuc trn mt bng nh hnh v 1.B.IV.1

Bi tp thc hnh

Tng dy 200 Mi dc 30 , ua ra khoi tng 500 nh hnh v 1.B.IV.2

Hnh 1.B.IV.1

Hnh 1.B.IV.2

II.STT 1 2

Bi tp l thuyt

Hy tr li cc cu hoi di y : CU HI Revit Architecture l mt phn mm vector Architectural Desktop l cng ngh th 3, Revit Building l cng ngh th 2 TR LI S


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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Giao din ca Revit Building ging nh giao din ca ACAD Hnh dng (thng-cong) ca tng trn mt bng c chon Option Bar Design Bar dng truy nhp cc lnh trong Revit Building Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi s dng cn phi theo di Status Bar Du hiu Wireframe nm trong Project Browser bar Trong Revit Building, cc thnh phn kin trc c t chc thnh 5 nhm Column Grid l mt thnh phn ca Datum C nhiu Farmily cu thang c cho sn trong Revit Building

III.

Thao lun

Revit Architecture c th xem l mt phn mm CAD m rng hay khng? CHC MNG BN XONG CHNG 1


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Revit Arc 2009 TiengViet Chuong-1