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Designing and Achieving Geothermal Power Plant Performance with Confidence
Guofu Chen, TAS Energy Inc.
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 1
Agenda
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 2
ORC Development Timeline
© 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved.
2012Dixie and San Emidio
commissioning
2010Multiple follow on geothermal orders
2006Started waste heat market evaluation
2002Improved heat
recovery concept development
2002 2006 2008
2003First patent application
2004Working ORC
laboratory model
2005US Patent #6,964,168 issued protecting recuperated
supercritical cycle
2009TAS/BNI expander
development program started
2007US Patent #7287381 issued protecting Ultra
Max cycle
2011Beowawe low temperature
geothermal plant in operations
2008Shortlisted working fluid
selections
2004 2010 2012
2002Started working fluid evaluation
2009Added detailed heat
exchanger design/sizing tools
2009Second generation of
integrated ORC system model
2009TAS Energy sells its first
geothermal plant
2010First TAS/BNI
expander delivered
2010US Patent #7827791 protecting Methanol
as a fluid
2011Dixie bottoming cycle
equipment delivery
2011First international geothermal plant order (Turkey)
2005Purchased HYSYS to start detailed cycle
analysis
2008Started prototype heat
recovery unit
2008First generation of
integrated ORC system model
2007First introduction into
geothermal
12/31/2013
ORC Experience
© 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved.12/31/2013
Solution Location Solution Temp Type StatusLow Temp Terra‐Gen Power Beowawe 2.5 MW (1) Axial turbine Operating
Water Cooled Nevada, USA Bottom Cycle 205°F/96°CHigh Temp TAS BOOM Weyerhaeuser 0.8 MW (1) Axial turbine OperatingAir Cooled NC, USA Recovered heat 470°F/243°CLow Temp Terra‐Gen Power Dixie Valley 6.1 MW (1) Radial turbine OperatingAir Cooled Nevada, USA Bottom Cycle 225°F/107°CSupercritical US Geothermal San Emidio I 11.5 MW (1) Radial turbine OperatingWater Cooled Nevada, USA Hydrothermal 285°F/140°CSupercritical US Geothermal Neal Hot Springs 33.0 MW (3) Radial turbine OperatingAir Cooled Oregon, USA Hydrothermal 285°F/140°CSupercritical Gradient Resources Patua 1 48.5 MW (3) Radial turbine InstallationAir Cooled Nevada, USA Hydrothermal 315°F/157°CSupercritical Confidential Oil Field 0.8 MW (1) Radial turbine OperatingAir Cooled California, USA Recovered heat 300°F/149°CSupercritical BM Holding Gumuskoy 1&2 13.2 MW (2) Axial turbine OperatingAir Cooled Turkey Hydrothermal 320°F/160°CLow Temp Zorlu Enerji Kizildere II 19.4 MW (2) Radial turbine Operating
Water Cooled Turkey Bottoming 212°F/100°CSupercritical Surprise Valley Paisley 3.1 MW (1) Axial turbine ManufacturingWater Cooled Oregon, USA Hydrothermal 232°F/111°C
San Emidio (Nevada, USA)
© 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved.
285°F/140°C ‐ Supercritical Water Cooled – 11.5 MW Gross Output
12/31/2013
Neal Hot Springs (Oregon, USA)
© 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved.
285°F/140°C ‐ Supercritical Air Cooled – 33 MW Gross Output
12/31/2013
Agenda
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 7
Introduction to ORC
• Based on Rankine cycle principle, use an organic working fluid to turn geothermal fluid energy or waste heat into electricity.
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 8
Agenda
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 9
Benefits of supercritical R134a ORC
• Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle outperforms sub‐critical cycle, from the gross and net kW generated point of view.
• Non‐flammable working fluid, eliminates the risk of fires.• Simpler to design and easier to operate than sub‐critical cycle
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 10
Super-critical
Sub-critical
Agenda
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 11
The PROBLEM
• Over prediction
• Guaranteed performance not met
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 12
• Under prediction
• Performance does not support further development
0
1
2
3
4
0 2 4 6O
utpu
t
Dry bulb
Under Prediction
Actual
Agenda
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 13
The tools
• AspenTech HYSYS simulation program• AspenTech Exchanger Design and Rating (EDR) program• Proprietary knowledge and software developed by TAS
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 14
Model 1, Virtual Plant at design phase
• Create a thermal model, using sound engineering practice• Size exchangers, select # of ACC, expanders and pumps• Integrate the geometries and build the true simulation model
that allows you to do virtual experiment• Optimize output and commit to customers with confidence
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 15
Model 2, reflects actual operation
• The plant is successfully commissioned• Measure the flow rate, temperature and pressure• Build a plant reality thermal model to reflect the plant
operation conditions at site. No geometries in Model 2
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 16
Model 3, predict the reality
• Extract Model 2 process conditions• Input Model 2 conditions to Model 1
• Model 3 now has the site process conditions and real geometries.
• Model 2 is the reality, while Model 3 is used to predict the reality with site process conditions and actual equipment selection.
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 17
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 3: how good we are?
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 18
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Outpu
t (kW
)
Dry Bulb (F)
Model 3 Prediction Vs. Operation Data
Operation Data
Prediction
Topics covered
• Introduction to TAS Energy• Introduction to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)• The benefits of a supercritical R134a ORC• The PROBLEM: over or under estimate the performance• The SOLUTION: design and achieve the performance
– The tools being used– Model 1, build a “Virtual Plant”
• With real geometries, but not site process data– Model 2, model heat and mass balance of an operating plant
• Reflects plant operation on site• With site process data, but no geometries included
– Model 3, combine model 1 and model 2 to predict reality• Site data, real geometries, really predicts the reality
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 19
Questions
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 20
Guofu [email protected] Energy Inc.6110 Cullen BlvdHouston, TX 77021, USA
Thank you for your attention
Guofu [email protected] Energy Inc.6110 Cullen BlvdHouston, TX 77021
12/31/2013 © 2012 TAS Energy. All Rights Reserved. 21