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H-.Y. D. Yang,
RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless Communications
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Professor H. David Yang, Ph.D. UCLA, 1988
Research Scientist, Phraxos R&D Inc.
Faculty Member at University of Illinois at Chicago, since 1992
IEEE Fellow 2000, Citation “Wide-band ferrite microstrip antennas”
Editor-in-Chief of Electromagnetics since 1997
Associate Editor, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation
Principal Scientist for Wireless Division Broadcom Co., 2001-2002
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Antenna Designs in Front-End Radios for Wireless Communications
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Meander PCB Antenna for Bluetooth Dongle
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Features: • Meander Strip PCB Antenna• Board Corner Edge Placement• Printed on FR-4 Substrate• A Variation of Printed F Antenna • Similar Characteristics as F-Antenna• A Tuning Inductive Stub at Input Port• 100 MHz Bandwidth• Full-Space Coverage
Antenna Area: 14 mm by 5 mmMajor Radiators:
Meander StripTruncated Metal Ground
Meander PCB Antenna for Bluetooth Dongle
Design using Ansoft HFSS 3D simulation
H-.Y. D. Yang,
PCMCIA Card and Simulated Board with PCB Antennas
Printed E-Antennasfor 802.11b
H-.Y. D. Yang,
PCMCIA Card and Simulated Board with PCB Antennas
H-.Y. D. Yang,
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Azimuth angleAzimuth angle_Main Azimuth angleAzimuth angle_Aux
: Vertical: Horizontal
Measurement_PCB antenna.
0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15-20
-20-25 0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15-20
-20-25
Y
Laptop computer
Monitor
Z
X
θ
φ
0
90 x-y planex-y plane
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Reduced-Size Triple-Band Dual Printed F-Antennas
Top View of Printed F-Antenna for Triple-Bands (2.4-2.48, 5.- 6. GHz)3cm by 1cm (A dime is also shown)
Features: • Two F-Shape Antennas• Board Corner Edge Mounting• Printed on FR-4 Substrate• Tuning Dipole Enhances Bandwidth• Full-Space Coverage
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Triple-Band Dual Printed F-AntennasReturn Loss (dB)
10% Matching Loss(0.46dB)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15
-20
-20
-25
-25-30
-30-35
0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15
-20
-20
-25
-25-30
-30-35
0
45
90
135
180
225
270
315
0
0
-5
-5
-10
-10
-15
-15
-20
-20-25
-25-30
F_triple, 5.2GHz
H-polV-pol
x-y plane
x-z plane
y-z planems
z
y
x
DM_FTRXYH5
DM_FTRXYV5
DM_FTRXZH5
DM_FTRXZV5
DM_FTRYZH5
DM_FTRYZV5
H-.Y. D. Yang,
UWB Antenna Geometry
Antenna #1Circular shape
Antenna #2Elliptical shape
PCB Board: 30mil FR-4 substrate
H-.Y. D. Yang,
0.46dBMatching Loss
Return Loss measurement result for a circular shape PCB antenna
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Return Loss measurement result for an elliptical shape PCB antenna
0.46dBMatching Loss
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Radiation Patterns of UWB Antenna
E-Plane3GHz
E-Plane4GHz
H-Plane3GHz
H-Plane4GHz
H-.Y. D. Yang,
On-Chip RF Passives for WLAN and UWB
H-.Y. D. Yang,
A 2.4GHz Bluetooth chip (Entire System: RF + base-band)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
M1
M5
M6
POLYFOX
Silicon Substrate
Multi-Layer Silicon RFIC Structure
Inductor Windingson M1 through M6
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Single Metal-Layer Multi-Turn Octagon Inductors
Underpass for port exit
TopMetal-Layer
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Multiple-Layer Metal-Winding Inductors
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Center-Tapped Symmetric Inductors:Merging Two Asymmetric Inductor
Center-tap
Left: 1st , 3rd , 5th
Right: 2nd ,4th , 6th
form an inductor in orange
Left: 2nd , 4th , 6th
Right: 1st ,3rd , 5th
form an inductorin blue
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Full Three-Port Differential Inductor Model(Using Coupled Inductor Circuits)
Cmm
Port 1 Port 2
Port 3
Cb1Cb1
Rb1Rb1
L1, R1L2, R2K1_2
L1 +R1 for Coil1L2 +R2 for Coil2K1_2 = M/L1 )( 211111 MIILjIRV ++= ω
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Equivalent Two-Port Differential Inductor ModelWith Center-tap Grounded and Differential Signal at the Two Ports
CfRf CfRf
Ls Ls
Rs RsZ11-Z12 Z22-Z12
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Simulation Procedures
1. IE3D Integral Equation Planar Full-Wave SolverTo Obtain Three-Port S-parameters
2. S-parameters import to “Microwave Offices” For Data-Fit To Obtain Optimized Circuit Parameters
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Measurement Setup: Pad and Trace Calibration
Differential Inductor Input Ports
Green: Pads
Yellow: Trace For InterconnectTo Inductor
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Equivalent Circuit for Port 1 (Port 2 is mirror to 1) from Calibration (open & Short) Measurement
Yellow InterconnectTrace ( Rs + jωLs)
Green Pad+Trace
Cf
67.20.40.078Simul.
66.01.20.081Meas.#2
66.41.10.074Meas.#1
Cf(fF)Rs(Ω)
Ls (nH)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
5nH, 6-Turn Differential Inductor(272µm, Track 10µm, and Gap 2.8µm)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Comparison Between Measurement and Simulation
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Simulated and Measured Circuit Parameters for a 6-Turn Differential Inductor
(Track width 10µm and Gap 2.8µm)
8.1
7.6
Q1GHz
4.86
4.84
Ls (nH)
4.834502013.5 Measurement
5.153001793.3Simulation
Fr (GHz)
Rf(Ω)
Cf(fF)
Rs(Ω)
ODM272 (µm)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
2.1nH, 4-Turn Differential Inductor for VCO(372µm, Track 24.3µm, and Gap 6.8µm)
Two-Layershunting
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Comparison Between Measurement and Simulation
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Simulated and Measured Circuit Parameters for a 4-Turn Differential Inductor
(Track width 24.3µm and Gap 6.8µm)
18
17
Q4GHz
2.13
2.15
Ls (nH)
7.121002011.6 Measurement
7.414501831.2Simulation
Fr (GHz)
Rf(Ω)
Cf(fF)
Rs(Ω)
ODM272 (µm)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Transformer Primary
Transformer Secondary
Center-Tap Ground
DifferentialPorts
Single-EndPorts
Perspective view of a parallel-plate coupled-line transformer baluns on multi-layer radio-frequency integrated circuits.
Transformer Balun
H-.Y. D. Yang,
An underside view of the same structure to detail the bridge connections for the primary and secondary.
H-.Y. D. Yang,
On-Chip 5-Port Transformer ModelOn-Chip 5-Port Transformer Model
H-.Y. D. Yang,
0.35µm On-Chip Differential Transformers for PA0.35µm On-Chip Differential Transformers for PA
275 µm x 275 µm (2: 4) single-to-differential transformer
• Secondary on the top thick metal layerfor lower loss and higher Q
• Higher linearity and higher efficiency • Wide track for high current flow• Application specific balun impedance• Secondary windings replace two RF inductor chokes
• 45% transformer power efficiency (theoretical maximum efficiency for conjugate match is 50%)
H-.Y. D. Yang,
0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers
Matching circuitsPackagesAntenna
PowerAmplifier1 volt
H-.Y. D. Yang,
0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers
Simulation Tool: IE3D three-dimensional full-wave simulatorOpen-Circuit Secondary for Phase and Amplitude Balance Check
F=2.43 GHz Z11
Simulation
Measurement
9.3+j 27.3 3.3+j 24.1 -3.7-j24.4 10.7+j29.6 -2.6-j23.5 11.3+j30.4
Z12 Z13 Z22 Z23 Z33
9.2+j 28.0 2.9+j 24.4 -3.0-j24.9 9.5+j 31.3 -1.9-j23.0 9.8+j 31.5
Frequency (GHz)
2.40
2.43
2.46
Simulated|V+|
Measured|V+|
Simulated|V_|
Measured|V_|
Simulated Phase Diff of V+ and V-
Measured Phase Diff of V+ and V-
0.8489
0.8525
0.8549
0.8472
0.8517
0.8542
0.8538
0.8549
0.8559
0.8429
0.8438
0.847
180.71
180.72
180.73
180.41
180.70
180.23
H-.Y. D. Yang,
H-.Y. D. Yang,
H-.Y. D. Yang,
1pF Fringe Capacitance 1to1 Aspect Ratio (M2-M6)
44µm
36µm
Finger width: 0.3µmFinger gap: 0.3µm
Finger Capacitor
H-.Y. D. Yang,
3D View of M2-M6 Fringe Cap 1to1 Aspect Ratio
H-.Y. D. Yang,
Two-Port Circuit Model for Fringe Cap 1to 1 Aspect Ratio(1GHz)
xxx
(1). 1.07pF(2). 1.08pF(3). 1.07pF
(1).100kΩ
(1). 33kΩ//19.0fF(2). 19.4fF(3). 17.6fF
(1). Simulation(2). Measurement #1(3). Measurement #2
Note: All the results and there after are after de-embedding
(1). 33kΩ//19.0fF(2). 19.4fF(3). 17.6fF