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H-.Y. D. Yang, RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless Communications

RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

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Page 1: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless Communications

Page 2: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Professor H. David Yang, Ph.D. UCLA, 1988

Research Scientist, Phraxos R&D Inc.

Faculty Member at University of Illinois at Chicago, since 1992

IEEE Fellow 2000, Citation “Wide-band ferrite microstrip antennas”

Editor-in-Chief of Electromagnetics since 1997

Associate Editor, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation

Principal Scientist for Wireless Division Broadcom Co., 2001-2002

Page 3: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Antenna Designs in Front-End Radios for Wireless Communications

Page 4: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Meander PCB Antenna for Bluetooth Dongle

Page 5: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Features: • Meander Strip PCB Antenna• Board Corner Edge Placement• Printed on FR-4 Substrate• A Variation of Printed F Antenna • Similar Characteristics as F-Antenna• A Tuning Inductive Stub at Input Port• 100 MHz Bandwidth• Full-Space Coverage

Antenna Area: 14 mm by 5 mmMajor Radiators:

Meander StripTruncated Metal Ground

Meander PCB Antenna for Bluetooth Dongle

Design using Ansoft HFSS 3D simulation

Page 6: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

PCMCIA Card and Simulated Board with PCB Antennas

Printed E-Antennasfor 802.11b

Page 7: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

PCMCIA Card and Simulated Board with PCB Antennas

Page 8: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Page 9: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Azimuth angleAzimuth angle_Main Azimuth angleAzimuth angle_Aux

: Vertical: Horizontal

Measurement_PCB antenna.

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15-20

-20-25 0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15-20

-20-25

Y

Laptop computer

Monitor

Z

X

θ

φ

0

90 x-y planex-y plane

Page 10: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Reduced-Size Triple-Band Dual Printed F-Antennas

Top View of Printed F-Antenna for Triple-Bands (2.4-2.48, 5.- 6. GHz)3cm by 1cm (A dime is also shown)

Features: • Two F-Shape Antennas• Board Corner Edge Mounting• Printed on FR-4 Substrate• Tuning Dipole Enhances Bandwidth• Full-Space Coverage

Page 11: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Triple-Band Dual Printed F-AntennasReturn Loss (dB)

10% Matching Loss(0.46dB)

Page 12: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

-20

-20

-25

-25-30

-30-35

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

-20

-20

-25

-25-30

-30-35

0

45

90

135

180

225

270

315

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

-20

-20-25

-25-30

F_triple, 5.2GHz

H-polV-pol

x-y plane

x-z plane

y-z planems

z

y

x

DM_FTRXYH5

DM_FTRXYV5

DM_FTRXZH5

DM_FTRXZV5

DM_FTRYZH5

DM_FTRYZV5

Page 13: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

UWB Antenna Geometry

Antenna #1Circular shape

Antenna #2Elliptical shape

PCB Board: 30mil FR-4 substrate

Page 14: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

0.46dBMatching Loss

Return Loss measurement result for a circular shape PCB antenna

Page 15: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Return Loss measurement result for an elliptical shape PCB antenna

0.46dBMatching Loss

Page 16: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Radiation Patterns of UWB Antenna

E-Plane3GHz

E-Plane4GHz

H-Plane3GHz

H-Plane4GHz

Page 17: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

On-Chip RF Passives for WLAN and UWB

Page 18: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

A 2.4GHz Bluetooth chip (Entire System: RF + base-band)

Page 19: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

M1

M5

M6

POLYFOX

Silicon Substrate

Multi-Layer Silicon RFIC Structure

Inductor Windingson M1 through M6

Page 20: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Single Metal-Layer Multi-Turn Octagon Inductors

Underpass for port exit

TopMetal-Layer

Page 21: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Multiple-Layer Metal-Winding Inductors

Page 22: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Center-Tapped Symmetric Inductors:Merging Two Asymmetric Inductor

Center-tap

Left: 1st , 3rd , 5th

Right: 2nd ,4th , 6th

form an inductor in orange

Left: 2nd , 4th , 6th

Right: 1st ,3rd , 5th

form an inductorin blue

Page 23: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Full Three-Port Differential Inductor Model(Using Coupled Inductor Circuits)

Cmm

Port 1 Port 2

Port 3

Cb1Cb1

Rb1Rb1

L1, R1L2, R2K1_2

L1 +R1 for Coil1L2 +R2 for Coil2K1_2 = M/L1 )( 211111 MIILjIRV ++= ω

Page 24: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Equivalent Two-Port Differential Inductor ModelWith Center-tap Grounded and Differential Signal at the Two Ports

CfRf CfRf

Ls Ls

Rs RsZ11-Z12 Z22-Z12

Page 25: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Simulation Procedures

1. IE3D Integral Equation Planar Full-Wave SolverTo Obtain Three-Port S-parameters

2. S-parameters import to “Microwave Offices” For Data-Fit To Obtain Optimized Circuit Parameters

Page 26: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Measurement Setup: Pad and Trace Calibration

Differential Inductor Input Ports

Green: Pads

Yellow: Trace For InterconnectTo Inductor

Page 27: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Equivalent Circuit for Port 1 (Port 2 is mirror to 1) from Calibration (open & Short) Measurement

Yellow InterconnectTrace ( Rs + jωLs)

Green Pad+Trace

Cf

67.20.40.078Simul.

66.01.20.081Meas.#2

66.41.10.074Meas.#1

Cf(fF)Rs(Ω)

Ls (nH)

Page 28: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

5nH, 6-Turn Differential Inductor(272µm, Track 10µm, and Gap 2.8µm)

Page 29: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Comparison Between Measurement and Simulation

Page 30: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Simulated and Measured Circuit Parameters for a 6-Turn Differential Inductor

(Track width 10µm and Gap 2.8µm)

8.1

7.6

Q1GHz

4.86

4.84

Ls (nH)

4.834502013.5 Measurement

5.153001793.3Simulation

Fr (GHz)

Rf(Ω)

Cf(fF)

Rs(Ω)

ODM272 (µm)

Page 31: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

2.1nH, 4-Turn Differential Inductor for VCO(372µm, Track 24.3µm, and Gap 6.8µm)

Two-Layershunting

Page 32: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Comparison Between Measurement and Simulation

Page 33: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Simulated and Measured Circuit Parameters for a 4-Turn Differential Inductor

(Track width 24.3µm and Gap 6.8µm)

18

17

Q4GHz

2.13

2.15

Ls (nH)

7.121002011.6 Measurement

7.414501831.2Simulation

Fr (GHz)

Rf(Ω)

Cf(fF)

Rs(Ω)

ODM272 (µm)

Page 34: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Transformer Primary

Transformer Secondary

Center-Tap Ground

DifferentialPorts

Single-EndPorts

Perspective view of a parallel-plate coupled-line transformer baluns on multi-layer radio-frequency integrated circuits.

Transformer Balun

Page 35: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

An underside view of the same structure to detail the bridge connections for the primary and secondary.

Page 36: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

On-Chip 5-Port Transformer ModelOn-Chip 5-Port Transformer Model

Page 37: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

0.35µm On-Chip Differential Transformers for PA0.35µm On-Chip Differential Transformers for PA

275 µm x 275 µm (2: 4) single-to-differential transformer

• Secondary on the top thick metal layerfor lower loss and higher Q

• Higher linearity and higher efficiency • Wide track for high current flow• Application specific balun impedance• Secondary windings replace two RF inductor chokes

• 45% transformer power efficiency (theoretical maximum efficiency for conjugate match is 50%)

Page 38: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers

Matching circuitsPackagesAntenna

PowerAmplifier1 volt

Page 39: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers0.35µm On-Chip PA Differential Transformers

Simulation Tool: IE3D three-dimensional full-wave simulatorOpen-Circuit Secondary for Phase and Amplitude Balance Check

F=2.43 GHz Z11

Simulation

Measurement

9.3+j 27.3 3.3+j 24.1 -3.7-j24.4 10.7+j29.6 -2.6-j23.5 11.3+j30.4

Z12 Z13 Z22 Z23 Z33

9.2+j 28.0 2.9+j 24.4 -3.0-j24.9 9.5+j 31.3 -1.9-j23.0 9.8+j 31.5

Frequency (GHz)

2.40

2.43

2.46

Simulated|V+|

Measured|V+|

Simulated|V_|

Measured|V_|

Simulated Phase Diff of V+ and V-

Measured Phase Diff of V+ and V-

0.8489

0.8525

0.8549

0.8472

0.8517

0.8542

0.8538

0.8549

0.8559

0.8429

0.8438

0.847

180.71

180.72

180.73

180.41

180.70

180.23

Page 40: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Page 41: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Page 42: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

1pF Fringe Capacitance 1to1 Aspect Ratio (M2-M6)

44µm

36µm

Finger width: 0.3µmFinger gap: 0.3µm

Finger Capacitor

Page 43: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

3D View of M2-M6 Fringe Cap 1to1 Aspect Ratio

Page 44: RF Passive Circuit and Antennas Modeling For Wireless ...hyang/consult.pdf · H-.Y. D. Yang, 0.35µm0.35µmOn-Chip Differential Transformers for PAOn-Chip Differential Transformers

H-.Y. D. Yang,

Two-Port Circuit Model for Fringe Cap 1to 1 Aspect Ratio(1GHz)

xxx

(1). 1.07pF(2). 1.08pF(3). 1.07pF

(1).100kΩ

(1). 33kΩ//19.0fF(2). 19.4fF(3). 17.6fF

(1). Simulation(2). Measurement #1(3). Measurement #2

Note: All the results and there after are after de-embedding

(1). 33kΩ//19.0fF(2). 19.4fF(3). 17.6fF