rfid

AI HOC QUO CGIA TP HO CH MINH TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA KHOA IE N- IE T N BO N MO VIEN THO N G ------------o0o------------

L U A VA NT O NGHIE P N T

NG DUNG C O NG H E RFID V A O NG HE THO N GQ U A N Y H NS L N A

GVHD: ThS. NGUYEN CH NG OC SVTH: NGUYEN NH THA N H MSSV: 40502604

Tp.Ho Ch Minh 1/2010

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NHA NX E T A N HGIA (Ng ip h a nbie n ) ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... 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NHA NX E T A N HGIA (GVHD) ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... ................................................................................................ ............................... 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TR NG IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H O X A I CH U A A HO NGHA VIET NAM

KHOA IE N IE NT

o cla p T do Hanh phuc -----------------------------Nga y Thang Nam .

PHIE UC H A M A O LU A NVA N B VE (Da n hcho ngiphanbien) 1. H o va tensinh vien:NGUY ENNH THANH MSSV: 40502604 Nga n h: ient - Vienthong 2. eta i: n g u n g co n gnghe RFID va ohe thongqua nly nhan s d 3. H o va tenngihngdan: ............................................................... .......... 4. Tong quatvebanthuyetminh S o trang ...................... S o chng ...................... S o b a n gso lieu ...................... S o hnh v e ...................... S o ta ilieu tham khao ...................... Phanmem tnh toan ...................... H ienvat(sa npham) ...................... 5. Tong quatveca cba n gv e - S o b a nve : .............. b a nA1 ............. b a nA2 .............. khokhac - S o b a nv e tay: .............. S o b a nv e tren m aytnh: ............. 6. Nhngu iem chnh cu aLVTN: ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. 7. N h n gth ieu so tchnh c u aLVTN: ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. 8. e ngh: c ba ov e Bo sung them ebaove K hongc baove 9. Ba ca uh o isinh vien phaitra l itr ch o i ong: a) ............................... ................................................................................................ ........ ............................... ................................................................................................ ........ b) ............................... ................................................................................................ ....... c) ............................... ................................................................................................ ........ ............................... ................................................................................................ ........ 10. anh g ia chung (bangch:g io k h a ,T B .. i, ) iem /10 K y ten (ghi ro ho ten)

TR NG IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM CONG H O X A I CH U A A HO NGHA VIET NAM

KHOA IE N IE NT

oclap T do Hanh phuc -----------------------------Nga y Thang Na m

PHIE UC H A M A O LU A NVA N B VE (Da n hcho CBHD) 1. H o va tensinh vien:NGUY ENNH THANH MSSV: 40502604 Nga n h: ient - Vienthong 2. eta i: n g u n g co n gnghe RFID va ohe thongqua nly nhan s d 3. H o va tenngihngdan: ............................................................... ............. 4. Tong quatvebanthuyetminh S o trang ...................... S o chng ...................... S o b a n gso lieu ...................... S o hnh v e ...................... S o ta ilieu tham khao ...................... Phanmem tnh toan ...................... H ienvat(sa npham) ...................... 5. Tong quatveca cba n gv e - S o b a nve : .............. b a nA1 ............. b a nA2 .............. khokhac - S o b a nv e tay: .............. S o b a nv e tren m aytnh: ............. 6. Nhngu iem chnh cu aLVTN: ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. 7. N h n gth ieu so tchnh c u aLVTN: ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. ............................... ................................................................................................ ............. 8. e ngh: c ba ov e Bo sung them ebaove K hongc baove 9. Ba ca uh o isinh vien phaitra l itr ch o i ong: a) ............................... ................................................................................................ ....... b) ............................... ................................................................................................ ....... c) ............................... ................................................................................................ ...... 10. anh g ia chung (bangch:g io k h a ,T B ) . i, iem /10 K y ten (ghi ro ho ten)

A IHOC QU OC GIA Tp.HCM CONG H O XA H O CH U A I NGHA VIET NAM TR NG IH OC BACH KHOA Tp.HCM A oc lap T do Hanh p h u c

-----------So: /BKNT KHOA: IEN IEN T B O M O VIEN THONG N

-----------------------

N H IE M U LUA VN A NT O T V NGHI E P

HO V A TE N : NGUYE NNH THA N H NGA N IE NT VIE N O N G H: TH

MSSV: 40502604

1. a u eluanvan: N G U N G C O N G D NGH E RFID V A O TH O N G UA NLY NHA NS HE Q 2. Nhiem vu (yeu ca u n o idung v a so lieu ban au) : ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ ..... ............................... ................................................................................................ 3. Nga ygiao nhiem vu luan va n : / / 2009 4. Nga yhoanthanhluan van: / / 2010 5. H o va tenngihngdan: Phanhngdan: Th.S NGUYE NCH NGO C N o idung va y e u ca ulua n vana c thongqua b o m onVien Thong Nga y Thang Nam 2010 NG H DA NCHNH I NG (Ky v a ghi r o ho te n)

....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .......

CHU NHIE MBO M O N (Ky v a ghi r o ho te n)

PHA NDANH CHO KHOA, BO MO N Ngiduyet (cha m s bo): ................................ ...... n v: ............................... ................................. .... Nga y b a o v e: ............................... ........................... iem tong ke ............................... ......................... t: Ni lu tr luanvan: ...............................................

LI CM NEm xin g i en thay g iao - Th.s Nguyen Ch Ngoc l ica m n sa usa c, cha nthanh nhatv s tan tam, hngdan chu aova tao m oi ieu kien thuan li e em hoan th a n hto t eta iluanva n nay. ongthiem cungxin cha n thanhca m n Tr ng a i hoc Bach Khoa, Khoa ien - ie n t ,ca c th a y c o trong Bo m on V ien Th ong a truyen at nh n g kien th c q u y b a utrong suotnhngnam qua v a tao ieukien to tn ha tcho em trong th igian thc hienluanvanna y . Nha n dp nay,em cungxin g i en canh ch, ca c ban trong khoa ien- ie n t ca a g iu p ,ongvien,tao ieukiencho em hoanthanhluanva n to tnghiepna y. Tuy nhien, trong qu a trnh thc hien e ta ilu a n v an cu amnh, em chac cha n se khongtranhkhoinhngsai la m v a thie u so t,knh mong ca cthayco thong ca m ,c h b a othem. Xin tran trong ca m n! Sinh vienthc hien

Nguyn nh Thanh

Tp.H Ch Minh 1/2010

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T O M TLU A NVA N TAY E CA ULUA NVA N U Tm hieu congngheRFID. Truyen nhand lie u g i areader v a th e qua PC. V ietchng trnh He thongquanl y nhans.

CO N G CA THC HIE N VIE Hoa nthanhchng trnh o c v a ghi thongtin v a oth e h o at o ng o n n h , chnh xac. Chng trnh He thong quanlyn h a n s hoat ongto tuy nhien e a v a o n g t, dung thc te m o t ca c h rong ra i v a a dang ca n cai tien them m ot so hang muc lien quan kha c.

TOM TA TNO DUNG B A O I CA OPh an1. Tm hieu co n gnghe nhandang vo tuyen - RFID Phannaytrnh b a ytong quan v e ly thuyetv a i sa u tm hieu chi tie tca cthanhpha n lien quan encongngheRFID va ca cngdung c u an o trong thc te. Ph an2. Thie tke va thi co n g Trnh b a yv e s o khoi,gia ithuat,chng trnh v ak e tq u athi cong.

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MU C LU CTrang ba ............................... ................................................................ ................................ i N hiem vu luan van ............................................................................................... ................. L ica m n ............................... ................................................................ ............................ ii To m ta t............................... ................................................................ ................................. iii Muc luc ............................... ................................................................ ................................ iv Danh sach hnh v e ............................................................................................... ................ v Danh sach bangbieu ............................................................................................... ........... vi Danh sach ca ct viet ta t............................................................................................... .... vii

PHA N1

TM HI E U NGH E NHAN DANGV O CO NG TUYE N- RFID----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E CO N G NG NGHE RFID1.1. S lc ve ca ch eth on g nha n dang t ong ...................................................... 11.1.1. H ethongm avach (Barcode system) ............................................................... ...... 1 1.1.2. Nha n dang k y t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR) ...................... 1 1.1.3. Phng th csinh tra choc (Biometric procedures) ............................... ................. 2 1.1.4. Th e thongminh (Smart Cards)............................................................... ................ 2 1.1.5. H ethongRFID (RFID System)............................................................... ............... 4 1.2. G iithieu chung v e nhandang vo tu ye n RFID ............................... ............................. 5 1.2.1. Lch s phattrien cuahe thongRFID ............................................................... .... 5 1.2.2. Kha iniem RFID............................................................................................... ...... 8 1.2.3. So sa n hca chethon g ID kha cnhau ............................................................... ........ 8 1.3. Ca cthanhpha n cuam othe tho n g RFID ............................................................... ....... 9 1.3.1. Th e RFID ............................................................................................... .............. 10

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1.3.2. Reader ............................... ................................................................ ................... 17 1.3.3. Database............................... ................................................................ ................ 25 1.4. Giao th cth eRFID ............................................................................................... ...... 25 1.4.1. Thuat n g v a kha iniem ............................................................... ........................ 25 1.4.2. Phng th clu tr d lieu tren the............................................................... ..... 27 1.4.3. Th u tuc SINGULATION v a ANTI-COLLISION ............................... .................. 28 1.5. ie u le v a chua n ho a............................................................................................... ... 33 1.6. Mot so tie uch u a nxa y dng cho congngheRFID ............................... ...................... 33 1.7. Ta n so vo tu ye n h oa t o n g cu a RFID ............................................................... .......... 34 1.8. Ca cngdung RFID hienhanh............................................................... .................... 35 1.8.1. RFID trong viecx phat............................................................... ........................ 36 1.8.2. RFID trong an ninh quo c gia ............................................................... ................. 36 1.8.3. Trong he thongvien thong................................................................................... 37 1.8.4. n g dung trong q u a nly th vien............................................................... .......... 37 1.8.5. n g dung trong q u a nly b a nha ng............................................................... ......... 38 1.8.6. Nha n dang ongva t............................................................... .............................. 39 1.8.7. Cay ghepva ocon ngi............................................................... ....................... 39 1.8.8. Tnh ph trong giao thong............................................................... ...................... 40 1.9. u, nhc iem cuahethongRFID ............................................................... ............ 40 1.9.1. u iem............................................................................................... ................. 40 1.9.2. Nhc iem............................................................................................... ........... 41 1.10. Phng th clamvieccu aRFID ............................................................... ............... 42

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA N2.1. H ethong1 bit ............................................................................................... .............. 46 2.1.1. Tan so v o tuyen............................................................................................... ..... 46 2.1.2. Songviba............................... ................................................................ ............... 48

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2.1.3. Bo chia ta nso............................................................................................... ........ 50 2.1.4. Transponder tr ng ient ............................................................... .................. 51 2.2. H ethongsong c o n gv a ba nsong cong............................................................... ........ 53 2.2.1. G hepcam n g............................................................................................... ....... 54 2.2.2. G hepient ta nxa lu i............................................................... ......................... 57 2.2.3. Ghepga n ............................... ................................................................ ............... 59 2.2.4. Ghepien............................................................................................... .............. 61 2.2.5. Truyen d lieu t reader entransponder ............................... ............................ 62 2.3. H etho n gtuant ............................................................................................... ......... 62 2.3.1. G hepcam n g............................................................................................... ....... 62

Chng 3. CA UTRU CCU ATHIET B MANG D LIE U3.1. Transponder c o b o n h ............................................................... ................................ 66 3.1.1. Giao tiepHF............................................................................................... .......... 67 3.1.2. Address and security logic ............................................................... .................... 68 3.1.3. Cau tru cb o n h ............................................................................................... ..... 69 3.2. Bo vi x ly ............................... ................................................................ ................... 74 3.2.1. Th e c o hai giao tiep ............................................................... .............................. 76 3.3. Bo n h ............................... ................................................................ .......................... 77 3.4. o lngca cb ie n v a tly ............................................................... ............................. 77 3.4.1. Transponder c o ca m bien............................................................... ...................... 77

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADER4.1. Luong d lieu trong n gdung............................................................... ...................... 79 4.2. Ca cthanhphancu areader ............................................................... .......................... 80 4.2.1. Mach HF ............................... ................................................................ ............... 81 4.2.2. n v ieukhie n............................................................................................... .. 84 4.3. K etnoiantenna trong heth o nglien ketca m n g............................... ...................... 86

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4.3.1. K e tn o is dung dongienphoihp............................................................... ..... 86 4.3.2. Cung ca p thongqua ca p............................................................... ........................ 87 4.3.3. A nhhngcuaheso Q............................................................... ......................... 88

Chng 5. MA HOA VA IE UCHE D LIE U5.1. Ca clo ai m abieudien tn hieunh phan..................................................................... 89 5.2. Ca ck y thuatieu che so ............................................................... ............................. 91 5.2.1. ieucheASK ............................................................................................... ....... 91 5.2.2. ieuche2FSK ............................................................................................... ...... 92 5.2.3. ieuchePSK............................................................................................... ........ 92 5.2.4. ieuchevisongmang phu ............................................................... ................ 93

Chng 6. S CHNH XA CCUA D LIE U6.1. Phng phapkiem tra lo i............................................................... ............................. 95 6.1.1. Kiemtra chanle ............................................................................................... ... 95 6.1.2. Phng phapLRC ................................................................................................ 95 6.1.3. Phng phapCRC ................................................................................................ 96 6.2. a truy ca p ,chongxung o td lie u ............................................................... ............ 97 6.2.1. SDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 98 6.2.2. FDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 99 6.2.3. TDMA ............................... ................................................................ ................... 99

PHA N2

TH IE TKE VA THI CO N G----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E HE THONG NG1.1. G iithieu............................... ................................................................ ................... 105

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1.1.1. G i ithieu eta i............................................................................................... .. 105 1.1.2. Y euca u e ta i............................................................................................... ..... 105 1.1.3. N oidung c u a e ta i............................................................... ............................. 106 1.2. Y euca uh e thong............................................................................................... ....... 106 1.2.1. Nhu ca uh e thong............................................................................................... 106 1.2.2. Qua nly d a n............................................................................................... ...... 106 1.3. Tong quan v e s o k h o ciu ah ethong............................................................... ...... 107 1.3.1. Ca cth o n gso cu aReader (DL910)............................................................... ...... 107 1.3.2. Ca cth o n gso cu ath e ............................................................... ........................... 108 1.4. K etquao ac th c te viec oc th e............................................................... .......... 115

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NG2.1. Kha ox a chientrang............................................................................................... ... 117 2.1.1. G iithieu chung ............................................................................................... .. 117 2.1.2. Ca cv an ea tra cho h eth o n gm i............................................................... ... 117 2.1.3. Pham vi nghien c u............................................................... ............................. 118 2.1.4. G ii han thong.............................................................................................. 118 he 2.1.5. Ca cchc nangua h etho n gm i............................................................... ........ 118 c 2.2. Thiet kes o ............................................................................................... ............ 119 2.2.1. S o chcnang ................................................................................................ 119 2.2.2. S o n g canh............................................................................................... .... 120 2.2.3. S o luongd lieu ............................................................... ............................. 120 2.2.4. Mo hnh c s d lieu............................................................... .......................... 121

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QU A THI C O NG3.1. Muc Quanl y h etho n g.............................................................................................. 123 3.1.1. Lu o giaithuat................................................................................................ 123 3.1.2. K etquathi cong............................................................................................... .. 123

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3.2. Giao dienchng trnh chnh ............................................................... ..................... 125 3.3. Mc oc, ghi th e............................................................................................... ........ 125 3.3.1. Lu o giaithuat............................................................................................... 125 3.3.2. K etquathi cong............................................................................................... .. 126 3.4. Muc cham cong............................................................................................... .......... 127 3.4.1. Lu o giaithuat................................................................................................ 127 3.4.2 K etquathi cong............................................................................................... ... 127 3.4. Ca cDanh muc kha c............................................................................................... ... 128

Chng 4. T O KET VA A N HGIA NG4.1. anh g ia............................... ................................................................ ..................... 129 4.2. Han che............................... ................................................................ ...................... 129 4.3. Hngpha ttrien e ta i............................................................... .............................. 129

TA LIE UTHAM KHA O................................................................................ 130 I

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DANH SA C HHNH VEPHA N1

TM HIE U NGH E NHAN DANGV O CO NG TUYE N RFID----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E CO N G NG NGHE RFIDHnh 1.1. Ma vach ............................................................................................... ................. 1 Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang hoc ............................................................................................... ..... 2 Hnh 1.3. Kie ntru ctie ub ie uc u ath e b o nh c o logic b a oma t............................................ 3 Hnh 1.4. Kie ntru cc ba ncu amo tth e vi x ly ............................................................... .... 3 Hnh 1.5. He tho n gRFID ............................................................................................... ...... 4 Hnh 1.6. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1880-1960 ...................................................... 5 Hnh 1.7. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1960-1990 ...................................................... 6 Hnh 1.8. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1990-2009 ...................................................... 7 Hnh 1.9. He tho n gRFID toandie n............................................................... ..................... 10 Hnh 1.10. Layout c u athie tb mang d lie u ,transponder. Hnh b e ntra itransponder ghe p ca m ng v iantenna cuo n day, hnh b e npha itransponder viba v iantenna dipole ................. 10 Hnh 1.11.Ca utru cc u amo tth e thu ong............................................................... ........... 11 Hnh 1.12. M o tso lo a i th e tch cc ............................................................... ..................... 14 Hnh 1.13. Ca utru cc u amo tth e b a ntch cc ............................................................... ..... 15 Hnh 1.14. Ca utru clayout c ba ncu am o treader............................................................. 18 Hnh 1.15. C che truyen tr gan, tr n gxa gi ath e v a reader ............................... 22 ng Hnh 1.16. C che truyen modulated backscatter c u athe thu o n g.................................... 24 Hnh 1.17. C che truyen modulated backscatter cu ath e b a nth u ong ............................. 24 Hnh 1.18. C che truyen kie um a ypha tc u ath e tch cc .................................................. 24 Hnh 1.19. Layout bo nh cu am o tth e minh ho a ............................................................... . 27 Hnh 1.20. S o caynh pha n............................................................... ............................ . 31 v

Hnh 1.21. n g dung con g ngh e RFID v a oth v ie n........................................................... 38 Hnh 1.22. n g dung con g ngh e RFID trong sie uth ......................................................... 39 Hnh 1.23. n g dung con g ngh e RFID vaocayghep........................................................ 40 Hnh 1.24. Qua trnh la mvie cc u ath e v a reader ............................................................... 43 Hnh 1.25. Qua trnh truye nnha nd lie ugi athe v a reader............................................. 44

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA NHnh 2.1. Ca che tho n gRFID kha cnhau ............................................................... ............. 45 Hnh 2.2. Giithie uhoat ong cuah e tho EAS ta nso v o tuyen..................................... 47 ng Hnh 2.3. Antenna khung c u ah e tho RF (cao 1,2 - 1,6m) v a transponder ....................... 48 ng Hnh 2.4. Mach c ba nv a hnh dang cu th e c u atransponder viba ..................................... 49 Hnh 2.5. Transponder viba nam trong vung truy v a nc u adetector .................................... 49 Hnh 2.6. S o mach ie nva hoat ong cu aEAS s dung bo chia ta nso ......................... 50 Hnh 2.7. Antenna c u ah e tho RFID ie nt (cao 1.40 m) v a transponder ...................... 52 ng Hnh 2.8. Truyen d lie utrong h e tho song cong, b a nsong cong va tu a t ................. .53 ng n Hnh 2.9. Nang lng cung ca pcho transponder tho n gqua t tr ng pha tra cu areader. 54 Hnh 2.10. Truyend lie ubang load modulation t transponder e nreader ..................... 55 Hnh 2.11. Pho cuaieuchesong mang phu............................................................... ....... 56 Hnh 2.12. S o mach cuatransponder ha iphu ............................................................... . 57 Hnh 2.13. Hoa t ong cu atransponder ta nx a lu i.............................................................. 59 Hnh 2.14. Transponder ghe p ga nc a v ao trong reader ........................................... 60 Hnh 2.15. He tho n gghep iens dung ie ntrng e truyennang lng v a d lieu....... 61 Hnh 2.16. S o mach tng ng c u ah e thong RFID ghep ien................................... 62 Hnh 2.17. S o kho ic ua transponder tua nt s dun g ghe p cam ng .............................. 64 Hnh 2.18. S o ie na pc u atu nap ............................................................... ................... 64

Chng 3. CA UTRU CCU ATHIET B MANG D LIE UHnh 3.1. S o pha nloai ca cthie tb mang d lieu dung trong RFID ............................... 66 Hnh 3.2. S o kho ic u atranpsonder c o bo nh ............................................................... . 67

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Hnh 3.3. S o kho i cu a mo t mach HF c u a transponder lie n k e t ca m ng v i bo load modulator ............................................................................................... ............................ 67 Hnh 3.4. S o kho icu aAddress and Security logic.......................................................... 68 Hnh 3.5. S o kho icu amo ttransponder c h oc ............................................................. 69 Hnh 3.6. S o kho i c u amo ttransponder ghi c coch c nang ba o ma t eth c h ie nxa c nha n gi atransponder va reader ............................................................... ........................ 71 Hnh 3.7. Transponder co 2 bo nh khoa e capquyen truy xua tkh a cnhau ......................... Hnh 3.8. M o ttransponder c o th e dun g cho nhie u ng dung bang cachpha n oan bo nh c u a n o ............................................................................................................................... ........ 72 Hnh 3.9. S khac nhau giasegment c o n h v a segment t do ......................................... 74 Hnh 3.10. S o kho ic ua m o ttransponder c o dung bo vi x l y ........................................ 74 Hnh 3.11. Qua trnh x ly lenh trong h e ie uhanh th e tho n gminh .................................. 75 Hnh 3.12. S o kho ic ua m o tth e hai giao tie p............................................................... .. 76 Hnh 3.13. Transponder lie nk e tc a m n gc o th e mc a mbie nnhieto ................................ 78

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADERHnh 4.1. Nguyen ly Master-Slave giapha nmem, reader v a tranpsonder........................ 79 Hnh 4.2. S o kho i c ua mo treader go m cohetho ieu khienvamach HF. Toa n bo h e ng tho c ieu khien ng bang nhng lenh............................................................... .............. 81 Hnh 4.3. S o kho imach HF c u ah e tho RFID lie nke tc a m n g................................. 82 ng Hnh 4.4. S o kho icu amo tmach HF trong h e tho viba .............................................. 83 ng Hnh 4.5. Hoa t ong cu am o tb o directional coupler v ih e tho n gRFID ta nxa lu i........... 83 Hnh 4.6. S o kho iHF c u areader trong h e tho SEQ ................................................... 84 ng Hnh 4.7. S o kho in v ie ukhie ncu areader ............................................................. 85 Hnh 4.8. Qua trnh ma hoa va g ia ima tn hieuban g n v ieukhiencu areader .......... 85 Hnh 4.9. Ke tno icuo nda yantenna bang k y thuat 50 .................................................... .87 Hnh 4.10. Mach ie npho ih p tr kha n gcho cuo n da yantenna....................................... 87

Chng 5. MA HO A IE UCHE D LIE U VA

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Hnh 5.1. S o kho ih e tho vientho so ............................................................... ....... 89 ng ng Hnh 5.2. Ca cloa i ma n gtruyentrong h e thong RFID................................................. 90 Hnh 5.3. Ma Pulse-pause ............................................................................................... ... 91 Hnh 5.4. ie uche ASK............................................................................................... ....... 92 Hnh 5.5. ie uche FSK............................................................................................... ....... 92 Hnh 5.6. ie uche PSK............................................................................................... ....... 93 Hnh 5.7. S o ie uche g h e pk e n hv ikie uie uche ASK songmang phu ...................... .93 Hnh 5.8. Pho cu atn hieuieuchesong mang phu................................ .......................... . 94

Chng 6. S CHNH XA CCUA D LIE UHnh 6.1. Kiem tra LRC............................................................................................... ....... 95 Hnh 6.2. Truye nd lie uennhieuth e ............................................................... ............... 97 Hnh 6.3. Nha nd lie ut nhieuthe............................................................... .................... 97 Hnh 6.4. Ca cphng phap tranhxung o td lie u............................................................ 98 Hnh 6.5. SDMA, anten nh h n gc h la nl t enca ctransponder ................................ 98 Hnh 6.6. FMDA, vaikenh truyenv ic a cta ns o k ha c nhau dung cho viec truyend lie ugi a transponder v a reader ............................................................................................... ......... 99 Hnh 6.7. Ca cphng pha p ie ukhienreader ............................................................... .. 100 Hnh 6.8. Ma NRZ ............................................................................................... ............. 101 Hnh 6.9. Ma hoa NRZ kho n gth e p ha thie ns xung o t d lie ugi aca ctransponder... 101 Hnh 6.10. M a Manchester .............................................................................................. . 102 Hnh 6.11. M a hoa Manchester giuppha thienbit xung o t............................................. 102 Hnh 6.12. Qua trnh tm kie m transponder hp l e ........................................................... 103 Hnh 6.13. So la nthc hientrung bnh e x a cnh a ch transponder .......................... 104

PHA N2

TH IE TKE VA THI CO N G-----------------------

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Chng 1. T O QUAN V E HE THONG NGHnh 1.1. Reader (DL910) ............................................................................................... . 107 Hnh 1.2. S o kho ic u ath e SL3 ICS10 ............................................................... ............ 111 Hnh 1.3. Mo hnh thc te kha osa t............................................................... ................... 116

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NGHnh 2.1. S o chc nang............................................................................................... . 119 Hnh 2.2. S o ng canh ............................................................................................... .. 120 Hnh 2.3. S o luo n gd lie u............................................................... ............................ 121

Chng 3. CHNG TRNH VA KET QU A THI C O NGHnh 3.1. Lu o gia ithua tqua nl y h e tho ............................................................... .... 123 ng Hnh 3.2. Giao die nang nha phe thong ............................................................... ........... 124 Hnh 3.3. Giao die nchng trnh chnh............................................................... ............. 125 Hnh 3.4. Lu o gia ithua tmuc oc ghi ............................................................... .......... 126 Hnh 3.5. Giao die noc ghi............................................................... .............................. 126 Hnh 3.6. Lu o gia ithua tmuc Chamcong............................................................... ..... 127 Hnh 3.7. Giao die nC ha cong ............................................................... ........................ 128 m

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DANH SA C HBA BIE U NGPHA N1

TM HI E U NGH E NHAN DANGV O CO NG TUYE N- RFID----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E CO N G NG NGHE RFIDBang 1.1: So sa n hm o tso he thongnhandang............................................................... ..... 9 Bang 1.2: Tan so hoat ong cuaRFID ............................................................... ............... 35

Chng 2. CAC HE THO N GRFID C BA NBang 2.1: Ca ctham so he thongcho ca chetho ngRF ............................... ....................... 48 Bang 2.2: D a ita nso c ua ca chetho ngb aom atkh a cnhau............................... ................ 48 Bang 2.3: Ca cth o n gso c ba ncuahethong............................................................... ..... 50 Bang 2.4: Suy hao ng truyen trong khonggian t do n gv in h n gta n so khacnhau ( o l i cu aantenna transponder l a 1,64, cu aantenna reader la 1) ............................... ........... 58

Chng 4. CA UTRU CCU AREADERBang 4.1: V d u ve qu atrnh thc thi m otlenhoc biphanm em ,reader v a transponder . ............................... ................................................................................................ ............ 80

PHA N2

TH IE TKE VA THI CO N G----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E HE THONG NGBang 1.1: K e hoa h thc hienv a pha n congnhiem vu............................... .................... 106 c Bang 1.2: Ca cthongso c ba ncu aReader (DL910) ............................... ....................... 107

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Bang 1.3: Ca cthongso ve oc ghi cu aReader (DL910) ............................... ................. 107 Bang 1.4: C o n gh o tr cuaReader (DL910)............................................................... ..... 108 Bang 1.5: Ca cthongso v e ie ncu aReader (DL910)............................... ...................... 108 Bang 1.6: Kch thcReader (DL910) ............................................................... ............. 108 Bang 1.7: Ma ketnoi,ngatketnoi,oc ghi th e .............................................................. 108 Bang 1.8: Tan so hoat ongtheo chuancu ath eSL3 ICS10 ............................... ............ 111 Bang 1.9: K hoangcach hoat ongcuatheUCODE HSL trong ca cbang tanso ............ 113 Bang 1.10: K et qua o ac thc te ta m o thang g o c cc ai c u a Reader (UHF_R_G2_232_2A) v ihai loai the thu ong (SL3 ICS10 v a SL3 ICS30 chua n UCODE EPC GEN2) di chuyenv ivantocc c ai............................................................... ....... 116

Chng 2. PHA NTCH HE THO NGBang 2.1: Mo hnh c s d lie u ............................................................... ....................... 122

vi

DANH SA C HCAC T VIET TA TBd (Baud bit/s): To c o truyen CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): a truy ca p phanchia m a tm a EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance): Thiet b giam sa tient EEPROM (Electric Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory): Kieu EPROM co th e xoabang tn hieuie n ERP (Equivalen Radiated Power): FDMA(Frequency Domain Multiple Access): FDX (Full-Duplex): Song cong FSK (Frequency Shift Keying): ieuchedch tan so GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication/Groupe Special Mobile): H e thong truyen thongdi ongtoanca u HDX (Half-Duplex): Ba nsong cong HSL (High Frequency Smart Label): H ethongghi nhanthongminh dung t a n so cao ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical (frequency range)): N gngtan so c ngdung trong y khoa ISO (International Organization for Standardization): To chcISO LAN (Local Area Network): Mang ketn oi c u c bo NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero): Khongtr v e 0 OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Nhandang k y t quang hoc PC (Personal Computer): May tnh c a nha n RFID(Radio Frequency Identification): K y thuatnhandang bangv o tuyen RO (Read Only): C hoc RW (Read Write): oc ghi SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave): SDMA(Space Division Multiple Access):

vii

SEQ (Sequential System): H eth on gtu an t STAC (Slotted Terminal Adaptive Collection): TDMA(Time Domain Multiple Access): a truy ca p theo mien thigian UHF (Ultra High Frequency): Tan so sieu cao (300MHz 3GHz) UPC (Universal Product Code): Ma sa npha m chuan toanca u WORM (Write Once, Read Many): ghi m otlan,oc nhieulan

vii

Lua nva n to tnghie p : n g dung cong nghe RFID v a oh e tho quan ly nhan s ng

PHA N1

TM HI E U NGH E NHAN DANGV O CO NG TUYE N- RFID----------------------Chng 1. T O QUAN V E CO N G NG NGHE RFID1.1. S lc v e cac he thong nha ndang t ong1.1.1. He thong ma vach (Barcode system) Ma vach la hnh gom nhieu soc ng,rong va hep c in e ai dien cho cac m a so didang mayco theoc c. Ca cm asoc ph uh p v i tieu chua n Universal Product Code (UPC) c in tre n hau het ca c sa n pham hang hoa bayban trong ca c sieu th hien nay. Khi hnh m a so c c keoltqua m otdung cu quetquang hoc quaykiem tra thu tien, m a ytnh se o i chieu so hieu sa n ph am v ic s d lieu cac danh sach gia va ra gia tien u n gv i in m a o .

Hnh 1.1. Ma vach 1.1.2. Nhandang k y t quang hoc (Optical character recognition - OCR) Nha n dang k y t quang h o c la s ca m nhan bang m ayca c c h in v a ch anh m ay.Bang phan m em OCR, ca c m ayque tc o th e quettren m ottrang c h in, v a cac k y t s e c bienthanhcac va n b a ntheo qui cach ta ilieu cu achng trnh x l y t .

SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h -1-

GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc


Hnh 1.2. Ky t quang ho c 1.1.3. Phng th csinh tra choc (Biometric procedures) Nhandang giong n o i(Voice identication) La phng thcc thc hien bang cach kiem tra ca c ac trng cuagiong noi c u an g in o iv im ot m autham k h a oc o trc, neu tng n gth a p n gse thc hien theo yeucaucu anginoi. N h a ndan g d a uva ntay (Fingerprinting procedures (dactyloscopy)) Tien trnh n a y da tren s so san h m au nhu va l p da tren au ngon tay. H e thongse phan tch d lieu t ca c m a u n o oc c v a em so sa nh vim au tham khao a c lu tr . 1.1.4. The thongminh (Smart Cards)

The thong minh la mot he thong lu tr d lieu ien t. No co kch thc khoa bang the tn dung co the ch a thong tin v a trong hau h et ca c tr ng hp ng th no ch a ca mo t bo vi x ly ieu khien nhieu chc nang a p ng nhu ca ung s dung. Kh ong giong nh the t co nh ng soc t ngoa m at th e, the th ong i i minh gi thong tin ben trong no m a v th e an toan hn nhieu. The thong minh thng c dung cho nhng thiet b ca nx ac minh chu quyen cua ng s dung, i v a no tao ra nhng ma truy cap cho he thong bao The thong minh a u tien la an. th e thong minh ie n thoai tr a trc c a v a os dung nam 1984. C o 2 loai the thong minh c b a n kha c nhau da va o tnh nang ben trong cua no the nh va th e vi x ly . :SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h -2GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc


Th e nh (Memory cards)

Trong the nh, bo nh - thng la EEPROM c truy ca p s dung he thong logic tuan t , no cung co the c k et hp v i giai thua tb ao m at n gia n bangcach s dung he thong nay. C ac chc nangcu athe n h thng c to iu h oa cho mot ng dung cu the. Tnh linh hoat cua n o b gi han, tuy nhien v e m at tch i cc th e bo nh co u the v e gia ca. Chnh v ly do o m a th e b o nh c dung rong r ai.

Hnh 1.3. Kie ntru ctie ub ie uc u athe b o nh c o logic b a oma t Th e vi x ly (Microprocessor cards) Th e vi x ly c h a m o t b o vi x ly cn o i t ica co b o n h (RAM, ROM va EEPROM). Th e vi x l y ra tlinh hoat. Trong he thon g etho ngminh hien ai, n o cung th c o th e tch hp ca cngdung khacnhau trong m o tth e (a n gdung).

Hnh 1.4. Kie ntru cc ba nc u amo tth e vi x l y SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h -3GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc


ROM c lap trnh m atna tao ket hp thanhhe thonghoat ong(m a lap trnh cao hn) cho b o vi x ly v a c chenvaotrong q u atrnh sa n xuatchip. N oidung c ua n o c xa cla p trong q u a trnh sa n xuat, tng t cho ta t ca ca c chip khactrong cung t sa npham,va chungkhongthela ptrnh lai c. EEPROM cu a chip c h d lieu ngdun g va ca c m a chng trnh lien quan t i a ngdung. V iec oc hay ghi d lieu c ieukhien b ih e ie u hanh. RAM l a b o nhla m viec tam th icu abo vi x ly .D lieu cu an o c o the b m at khi m atien. Ca c loai thevi x l y c dungtrong ca c ngdung c o o b a omat. Cac loai the thongminh c dungtrong ca c he thongien thoai di ongGSM. Tuy chon cuaviec la ptrnh th e vi x ly cung thuantien cho viectao ra ca cngdung m i. 1.1.5. He thong RFID (RFID System) H ethongRFID lien hera tganvithethongminh. Cungnh hetho n gth e thong minh, d lieu c lu tr tren thiet b mang d lieu ien t la b o p h a t a p .Tuy nhien, khonggiongnh the hong minh, nang lng cung ca p cho thiet b mang d lieu v a cho t viec trao oid lieu gi a n o v a a u o c /p h a tn hieu khong da tren s tiep x u cien t m a thay va o la s dung t tnh v a trngient.

Hnh 1.5. He tho n gRFID




1.2. Gi ithieu chung v e nhan dang vo tuye nRFID1.2.1. Lch s p h a ttrien cu ahe thongRFID Ca c cong nghe ngaynay luon hng tis n gia n ,tien l i va ac trng luon c u tien hangau la khanang khong day (wireless). Thiet b kho dayca n gng a y ng ca n gphat trien rong rai la m cho con ngic giaiphong,t do v a th o a i m a i hn. CongngheRFID ra i a tao ra cuoccach m ang trong m oitrng tng tachiennay. RFID la m o t trong nh k ythuat c anh gia cao va phattrien nhanh chong ng trong khoangth i gian ngan. Lan au tien m otcong nghe tng t o la b o ta c h so n g IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) c phat minh nam 1937 bingi Anh v a c quan ong minh s dung trong The Ch ien lan th II e nhan dang m ay bay ta v a ch. K y th u at n a y tr thanh nen tang cho he thong kiem so a tkhong lu the gi iva o thap nien 50. Nhng trong khoang thigian n a ydo chi ph q u acao v a kch thcq ualncu a he thongnen chungch c s dung trong quan oi,phongnghien c uv a n h n gtrung tam thng mai l n .

Hnh 1.6. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1880-1960




Hnh 1.7. Lch s pha ttrie nRFID giai oan 1960-1990 Cuoi thap nien 60 v a a u thap nien 70, b a t au xuat hien nhng cong ty g ii thieu nhngngdung m icho RFID m akho g quaphctap v a attien. Ban au phat n trien nhng thiet bgiam sa t ie n t (Electronic Article Surveillance - EAS) e kiem so a th an ghoacha n ghan nh quana ohay sach trong th vien. K y thuat RFID ngay cang c nhieu ngibiet en trong nhngthap nien 60 v a 70, bataux uathiennhieu hn ngdung c ua k yth u a tn a ytrong nhieu m atcuacuoc song.K y thuatnaycangc hoa nthien, t nhanbiettr thanhnhandang. en nam 1973, Mario Cardullo (USA) chnh th ctr thanh ngiau tien hoan thien congngheRFID. V iec khaosa tt m k y thuat radio c em nghien cuva phattrien trong ca c hoat ongthng mai cho en thap nien 1960 v a tien trien ro vaonhng nam 1970 b i ca c congty, hoc vien va chnh p h u My .Chang han, Bo nang lng Los Alamos Nation Laboratory a p h a ttrien h e th o ngtheo d o inguyen lieu hat nhan bang ca c h atth ev a o xe ta iv a a tca creader tai ca c co n gcu ab o phan bao ve. y la h e thong c s dung a ngaynay trong ca c h e thon g tra tien le ph t ong. K yth u a tn a yca itien so v ica c k y thuattr cnh ca cm a vach tren hanghoav a ca cth e card vien c o tnh t . RFID tien tien vao au nhng nam 80, co nhng ngdung ro ng ra i trong viec kiem so a txe tai My hay anh dau angia su ctai Chau A uH e th o n g RFID cungc .




ng dungtrong viec nghien cuisong hoang d a ,cac th e RFID c gan vaotrong nhngcon v a t, n h o c o th e la n theo da u vet cu a chu n g trong m oitrng hoang da. en thap nien 90, khi m a ta n so UHF c s dung va the hien c nhngu iem c u a mnh ve khoang ca c h va toc o truyen dlieu th cong nghe RFID a at c nhngthanhtu rc r.

Hnh 1.8. Lch s pha ttrien RFID giai oan 1990-2009 Mac du nhngnguyen l y c b a n c u ak y th u a t RFID a to n tai t th iMarconi nhng chungta ch m ib atau banen nhn gtiem n ang to l nc u an o t c u o ith e k y 20. N hng nam au c ua th e k y 21 a anh dau nhng iem m oc chuyen bien quan trong cuaRFID. K ythuatRFID hien nay ang c s dung trong ca khu vc kinh te t n h a n va n h a n c ,t viec theo doisach trong th vien en viec xac nhan m ot chiec cha khoa khi ong Ca cn h a ba nle ta m c ang yeu ca u ca cn h acung ca p l n s xe. dung th e RFID, cungv in h n g tien bo ky thu at va gia m gia ca a th u cay s pha t trien cuaRFID. Tai VietNam hien nay, nhu ca us dung RFID ngay cang nhieu v a m ra m o tth trng vo cungtiem nang cho ca c nhanghien cu,sinh v ie n v a ca c nh a sa n xuat.Tuy nhien e c o thevandung v a pha ttrien m othe thong,chungra cungca np h a ic o s hieu bietnhatnh ve chung. 1.2.2. Kh a iniem RFID SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h -7GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc


La con g nghe xac n han d lieu o i tng bang song vo tuyen e nhan dang, theo d o iv a lu thongtin trong m o tth e (Tag). Reader q u e td lieu th e va g i th on g tin enc s d lieu lu tr d lieu cuath e. K y thuat RFID c o lien quan en he thong kho day cho phep m otthiet b oc ng thong tin c cha trong m o t chip khong tiep x uc trc tiep khoang ca c h xa, m a k h o n g th c h ien ba tk ygiao tiep v at ly naohoac yeu ca u m o ts nhn thay giahai ca i . N o cho ta phng phaptruyen v a nha n d lieu t m otiem eniem kh a c. Dang n gian nhat c s dung hien nay he th on g RFID b onglamviec nh sau: m o tRFID reader truyen mottn hieu tan so v o tu y e n ie n t qua antenna c u a n o en m ot con chip khong tiep x uc.Reader nhan thong tin tr la i t chip v a g i n o en m ay tnh ieu khien a u oc v a x ly th o n g tin tm c t con chip. Ca c con chip khongtiep xuc,khongtch ien,chunghoat ong bang ca c hs dung nanglng chung nhant tn hieuc gibim otreader. K ythuat RFID s dung truyen thongkhong d ay trong d aitan son g vo tu yene truyen dlieu t ca c the en ca c reader. Th e co th e c nh kem hoac gan vao oi tng c nhandang changhan sa npham , hophoacpallet. 1.2.3. So sa n hca ch e thong ID kh a cnhau T ca c hphan tch cac he thongnhan dang m o ta tren cho ta thay u ie m v a nhc iem cuaRFID v ica che th o ngkh ac(Ba n g1.1).

Ba n g1.1: So sa n hmot s o h e thong nha ndang Ca cth o n gso Ma vach OCR Nha n Th e RFID




dang bang giong n o i S o lng d lieu(byte) Mat o d lie u Kha nangoc cua thiet b oc c user Ta con gcu acha t b an / o a m Ta c o n gc u av o boc Ta congtheo chieu v a v tr S thoaihoa Chi ph mua Chi ph hoat ong Khongca ns x a c nhan To c o o c d lie u 1 100 Thap To t Han che Ra tcao 1 100 Thap To t n gian Ra tcao Cao a ttien n gian

thong minh 16 64K Ra tcao To t Khong the Co the 96 bits en 64K Ra tcao To t Khongthe Khonga n h hng Khonga n h hng Khonga n h hng Khonga n h hng Trung bnh thap Khong K hongthe Ra tnhanh 0,5 giay 0 60 m

Sai hoan Sai hoan toan toan Thap Han che Ra tthap Thap Co chutt Thap Han che Trung bnh Thap Co chut t Co the > 5 gia y 0 50 cm Ra tcao Mo t chieu Tiep x uc Thap Trung bnh Khong the 4 giay Chieu tiep x uc

4 giay 3 giay Khoa n gca c hto ia D i1 g i a a u o c v a thiet 0 50 cm cm b mang d lie u

1.3. Ca cthanh phan cua mo the tho n gRFIDCa cthanhphanchnh trong he th on gRFID la th e ,reader v a c s d lieu . Mot he tho ng RFID to an dienbao gombomthanhphan: - Th e RFID (RFID Tag, Transponder - b o phatap)c laptrnh ient v ithongtin duy nhat. - Ca creader (au oc) hoac sensor (ca icambien) etruy vanca cth e. - Antenna thu, ph a tso n gvo tuyen. SVTH: Nguyen nh Tha n h -9GVHD: Ths. Nguyen Ch Ngoc


- Host computer - server, ni m a m ay chu he thong phan m em giao va dien v ihe tho ng c ta i.N ocu n gco th e ph an phoiph an m em trong ca c reader v a ca m bien.C s ha tangtruyen thong:l a thanhphanbatbuoc,n o la m ot tapgo m ca hai mang co d a yv a k h o n gd a yv a ca cb o p h an k e tn o itu a nt ek et n o ica cth anhphana lie tk e tren v inhau e chungtruyen v inhau hieuqua.

Hnh 1.9. He tho n gRFID toandien 1.3.1. The RFID Th e RFID (b o phatap), thiet b lu tr d lieu thc te cuam othe thong RFID, thngbao gomm otphant k e tn o i(Coupling element) v a m o tvi chp ient .

Hnh 1.10. Layout cu athie tb mang d lie u ,transponder. Hnh be ntra itransponder gh ep c a m ng v iantenna cuo n da y ,hnh b e npha itransponder viba v iantenna dipole Th e g o m c o 2 pha n chnh:



- Chip: lu tr m otso th t duy nhat hoac thong tin khacda tren loai th e:read-only, read-write, hoacwrite-once-read-many. - Antenna c g a n v i vi mach truyen thong tin t chip en reade r. Antenna ca n gl ncho bietpham vi oc cangln. Ca cth eRFID c phan loai da tren viecthec o c h am o tcung ca p nguon gan bentrong hay la c cung ca p b ithietb chuyen dung: - Thu ong(Passive) - Tch cc (Active) - Ba ntch cc (Semi-active, congoi banthu ong- semi-passive) Th e thu o n g

Hnh 1.11.Ca utru cc u amo tth e thu o n g Loai thenaykhongc o nguonben trong (on-board), s dung nguonnhan c t reader e t tiep sinh lc hoat ongva truyen d lieu clu tr trong n o cho reader. Th e thu ong coca u tru c n gian va khong ca c thanhphan ong.Th e nh th e c o co m ot thi gian son g da i va th n g co s c chu ng vi ieu kien m oi trng khac nghiet. o i v iloai the na y, khi th e v a reader truyen thong vinhau th reader luon truyen trcro im ien the.Cho nen batbuo cp h a ic o reader e th e c o the truyen d lieu cu an o .

Th e thu ong c oc khoang cach t 11cm trng ga n (ISO 14443), en 10m trngxa (ISO 18000-6), v a co thele n en 183m khi keth p v ima tra n . Th e thu ongnhohn va cungre hn th e tch cc hoac bantch cc. Ca cthethu ongc o th e th c thi tan so low, high, ultrahigh, hoacmicrowave Th e thu ongbao gomnhngthanhphanchnh sau: - Vi mach (microchip). - Antenna. Vi mach Vi m ach thongthnggomco: - Bo ch nh lu (power control/rectifier): chuyen nguon AC t tn hieu antenna cu areader thanh nguon DC. N o cung ca p nguon en ca c thanhphan khaccua vi mach. - Ma y tachxung (Clock extractor): ru ttn hieu xung t tn hieu antenna c u areader. - Bo ieu che (Modulator): ieu ch nhtn hieu nhanc t reader. a p ngcu ath ec gantrong tn hieua ieuche,sau o n o c truyen tr lai reade r. - n v luan ly (Logic unit): chu trach nhiem cung ca pgiao th ctruye n g i ath e v a reader. - Bo n h vi mach (memory): c dung lu tr d lieu . Bo n h n ay thngc phan oan (gom vai block hoac field). Addressability co ngha la c o kha nang phan tch (oc hoac ghi) v a o b o n h rieng cu a m o t vi mach c ua th e . Mot block n h cu a th e co th e g i n h ie u loai dlieu kh ac nhau, v du nh m otphan cua d lie u nhan dang o i tng c gan the , ca c bit checksum (cha n g han kiem tra lo i CRC) kiem tra o chnh x a ccu a d lieu c truyen v.v S tien b o c u a k y th u a t cho phep kch th ccu avi m a h nhoen m cnhohn hat ca t .Tuy nhien, kch c cu ath e c khongc xa cnh bikch thcvi mach c u an o m a b ichieu daiantenna cu an o .

Antenna Antenna cuathec dunge laynang lng t tn hieu cu areader e la m tang sinh lc cho the hoatong, gihoacnhan d lie u t reader. Antenna n ay c gan vao vi mach, antenna la trung ta m o iv ihoat ongcuathe. Co th e c o n h ieu dang antenna, n h a t la UHF, chieu daiantenna tng n g v i bcsonghoat ongc ua the.Mot antenna lng cc bao gom m otday dan ien (cha n g h an ong) m anob nga t trung tam. Chieu d ai tongcong c ua m o t antenna lngcc bang na bc song ta n so c dun g nham to i u nang lng truyen t tn hieu antenna cu areader enth e .Reader c o th e o c th e n a y nhieuhngkhacnhau. Chieu daiantenna c u ath e th n glnhn nhieu so v ivi mach c ua the v vay n o qu yet n h kch c va t l y cu ath e .Mot antenna c o the c thiet ke da tren m otso nhanto sau ay: - Khoa n gca c hoc cuath e v ireader. - Hngco n h cu ath eo iv ireader. - H ngtu yy c u at h e o iv ireader. - Loai sa npha m rieng bie t. - Va n toccuaoitng c ga n the . - o pha n cc antenna cu areade r. N hngiem ketnoig ia vi mach c u ath e v a antenna l a nhngketnoiyeu nhat c u ath e .N e u c o b a t y iem ketnoinaob hong th xem nh thekho g lamviec c k n h o a cc o th e h ie u sua tlam viecgiam angk e. Hien tai, antenna c u athe c xay dng bang mot m anh kim loai mong (cha n g han ong,bac hoacnhom). Tuy nhien, trong tng lai c o th e se in trc tiep antenna len nhan the, hop va sa n pham ong goi bang cach s dung m ot loai mc d a n c o chaong,cacbon va niken.

Th e tch cc

Hnh 1.12. M o ts o lo a i th e tch cc Th e tch c c co motnguon nanglng ben trong (cha n ghan m otbopin, h o a cc o th e la nhngnguonnang lng khacnh s dung nguonnanglng m attr i)v a ie n t hoc e thcthi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung. Th e tch cc s dung nguon nang lng ben trong e truyen d lieu cho reader. N o kho ng ca n nguon nang lng t reader e truyen d lieu. ien t h o c b e n trong g o m b o vi mach, ca m bien va ca c cong vao/ra c ca pnguonbinguonnanglng ben trong n o . o iv ilo ai the na y,trong q u atrnh truyen gia theva reader, the luon truyen trc, ro i m i en reader. V s hien dien cuareader khong ca n thiet cho viec truyen d lieu nen th etch cc c o th e p h a td lieu cuan o cho nhngvunglanca n n o th a m ch trong ca trnghp reader khongc o ni o Khoa n g cach oc cuathe tch c c la 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) hoac hn n akhi m aypha ttch cc cualoai thena yc dungen. Th e tch cc bao gom4 thanhphanchnh sau: - Vi mach: Kch c va kh a nang lamviecvi mach thngl nhn vi mach trong thethu ong. - Antenna: c o the truyen tn h ie u c u ath ev a nhan tn hieureader. o iv i th e b a n tch cc, gom mot hoac nhieu manh kim loai nh ong,tng t nh th e thu ong. - Cung ca p nguonbentrong.

- ient h o c b e n trong Hai thanhphan au tien (vi mach, antenna) a c m o tatrong phan trc.Sau ay,hai thanhpha n sau se c c trnh bay: Nguo nnang lng ben trong Ta t ca ca c th e tch cc eu mang motnguon nang lng ben trong e cung cap nguoncho ie n t h o c b e n trong v a truyen d lieu. N eu s dung bo pin th th e tch cc thng keo daituoitho t 2 en 7 nam tu ythuoc vao thigian so n g cu a b o pin. Mo t trong nhngnhan to quyet nh thigian so ng cu abo pin la to c o truyen dlieu cu a the.N eu khoangca c h o ca n grong th b o pin ca n g to n tai lau va v the th igian so n g c u ath ec u n gd a ihn. ie nt hoc ben trong ient h o c b e n trong cho phepthehoat ongnh m o tm a yp h a tv a cho p h e pn o thc thi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung nh tnh toan,hien th gia tr cac tham so ong naoo,hoac hoat ong nh m otca m bien,v.v Thanh phan naycungc o th e cho phep cho n l a ketn oiv ica c ca m bien ben ngoai.V v a y th e c o th e th c thi nhieunhiem vu thongminh, tu ythuocva oloai ca m bienc ga n vao. Th e ba ntch cc (b a thu on n g) Th e b a n tch c c c o m ot nguon nang lng ben trong (cha n gh a n la b o pin) v a ie n t h o c b e n trong e thc thi nhngnhiem vu chuyen dung. Nguonben trong cung ca p sinh lc cho the hoat ong.Tuy nhien trong q u a trnh truyen d lieu, th e ban tch cc s d u n g n g u o n t reader. Th e b a n tch c c c go i la the co ho tr pin (batteryassisted tag).

Hnh 1.13. Ca utru cc u amo tth e b a ntch cc

o i v iloai the na y, trong qu a trnh truyen gi a th e v a reader th reader luon truyen trc ro ien the .Tai sao s dung the ban tch cc m a khong dung the thu s ong?B iv th eb a ntch cc khongs dung tn hieu cuareader nh th e th u o n g,n o t kch o n g ,n o c o th e o c khoangca c hxa hn thethu ong.B iv khongca n th igian tiep sinh lc cho th e b an tch cc, th e c o th e nam trong pham vi oc cu areader t hn th igian oc quy nh (khong giongnh th e thu ong V vay neu oitng c gan ). th e ang di chuyen toc o cao, d lieu th e co th e v an c o c n eu s dung theb an tch cc. Th e b a ntch cc cungcho phep oc to t hn ngay ca khi gan the bang nh ng vat lieu cha n tan so vo tuyen (RF-opaque v a RF-absorbent). S c o m at cuanhn g v at lieu nay co th e ngan kh on g cho the thu ong hoat ong ung en viec truyen d dan lieu khong thanhcong.Tuy nhien, ay khong ph a ila van e khokhan oiv th e ba n i tch cc. Pham vi oc cu athe ba n tch c c co th e le n en 100 feet (xap x 30.5 m) v i ieukien ly . Viecpha n loai tiep theo da tren khanang h o tr ghi c h e pd lieu: - Ch oc (RO) - Ghi m otlan,oc nhieulan(WORM) - oc-Ghi (RW) Th e read only (RO) Th e RO c o the claptrnh (t cl a ghi d lieu len th eRO) ch m o tla n .D lie u co th e c lu vao the tai x nghiep trong lu csa n xuat. V iec nayc thc hien nh sau: ca cfuse rieng le tren vi m a h cuathec lu conh bang cach s dung chumtia c laser. Sau khi thc hien xong, khongtheghi e d lieu len the c na.Th e na yc goi la factory programmed. Nha sa nxua tloai the n a yse a d lie u le n th e v a n g is dung the khong the ieu ch nh c. Loai th e n a ych to t o iv in h n g n gd u n g nho m akhong thc te oiv iquy m o sa n x uat lnho ac khi d lieu cu athe ca n c lam

theo yeu ca u cu akh a ch an g da tren ngdung. Loai the nayc s dung trong ca c ngdung kinh doanh v a ha n gkhong nho. Th e write once, read many (WORM) Th e WORM c o th e c ghi d lieu m otlan,ma thngth khongphaic ghi b in h a sa n xuat m abingis dung the ngay lu cth e ca n c ghi. Tuy nhien trong th c te th c o th e ghi c vailan (khoang 100 lan). N eu ghi q u aso lan cho phep,the c o theb phahongvnh vien. Th e WORM c goi l a field programmable. Loai th e n a yc o g ia ca va hieusua tto t,c o an to a nd lie u v a la lo a i th e p h o bien nhattrong lnh vc kinh doanh nga ynay. Th e read write (RW) Th e RW c o th e ghi d lieu c nhieu lan, khoang t 10.000 en 100.000 la n h o a c c o th e hn na.V iec nay em lai li ch ra t l n v d lieu co th e c ghi b i reader h o a c b ith e (neu la th e tch cc). Th e RW go m thiet b nhFlash v a FRAM e lu d lieu. The RW c g o i la field programmable hoac reprogrammable. S an toan dlieu la m o t th a c h th c o i v ith e RW. Them vao na la loai the na y th n g at nhat. Th e RW khong c s dung rong ra itrong ca c ngdung ngay nay, trong tng lai c o thecongnghethephattrien th chi ph the giamxuong. 1.3.2. Reader Mot reader ien hnh cham otModule ta n so vo tuyen (m ay phatv a m a y thu) la m o tn v ieukhienv a la p h a n t k e tn o i e n b o pha tap.Ngoa ira ca c reader co n c gan v i1 m ot giao d ie n b o sung (RS232, RS 485 ) e chungc o th e chuyen tiep d lieu oc c enm othe thongkhac(PC, he thongieu khienrobot) Reader RFID c go i la v a ttra h o i(interrogator), la m o tthiet b oc v aghi d lieu ca c th e RFID tng thch. Hoa t ong ghi d lieu len th e bang reader c go i la tao the.Qua trnh tao the v a k e th p th e v im o t o itng c goi l a a th ev a ohoa t ong(commissioning the tag).

Reader la h e th a n kinh trung ng cuatoanhe thon phan cngRFID thiet lap g, viectruyen v ithanhphan nayv a ie u k h ie n no ,l a thao ta cquan trong nhat cuabatky thc thenaom uonlien ketvithc thephancngna y . Mot reader c o ca utru clayout nh Hnh 1.14 d iay:

Hnh 1.14. Ca utru clayout c ba ncu am o treader Ca cthanhphanchnh cu areader bao gom: - May pha t(Transmitter) - May thu (Receive r) - Vi mach (Microprocessor) - Bo nh. - Kenh vao/ a o iv ica cca m bien, c ca u truyen ong au t , b a n g r tn hieu ien baoben ngoa (m ac d u n o iu n gra a y l a nhngthanhphankhongbat buoc, i chungha u nh luonc cung ca p v i m o reader thng mai). t - Mach ieukhien (c o th e n o c a t benngoai) - Mach truyen thong.

- Nguonnang lng. C a thanhpha n chnh cu areader c M a yp ha t Ma y p ha tcu areader truyen nguonAC va chu ky xung o ng h o qua antenna cu a n o e n th e trong pham vi oc cho p h e p ,n o chu trach nhiem g itn hieu cuareader en m oitrngxung quanh v a nha n lai apngcu ath e qua antenna cu areade r. a ythu M May thu nhan tn hieu tng t t th e qua antenna c u a reader. Sau o n o g i nhngtn hieunaycho vi mach cu areader, tai ni n a yn o c chuyen thanhtn h ie u so tng ng (c o ngha la d lieu m a the a truyen cho reader c bieu dien dang so ). Vi mach Thanh phan nay chu trach nhiem cung ca p giao thc cho reader e n o truyen tho n g v ith e tng thch v i n o . N o thc hien viec giai m a va kiem tra lo i tn hieu tng t nhant m a ythu. Bo n h Bo nhdunglu tr d lieu nh ca ctham so ca uhnh reader v a m o bt an k e khai ca clan oc the.V vay neu viec ketn oigi areader v a h e thongmach ieu khien /phan m em b hongth ta tca d lieu th ea c oc kho b mat. ng C a ck en hnhap /xuat cu aca ccam bie n, c ca utruye n o n g a ut va b a n g tn hieu ien ba obe nngoai Ca c reader khong ca n bat suot. Cac th e c o th e ch x u a t h ie n lu cna o o va r i kh o ireader m aicho nen viec batreader suot se gay langph nang lng. Them nala g i ihan v a e ca p tren cung anh hng en chu k y la m v ie c c ua reader. Thanh phan naycung ca p m otc c h e b a t v a ta t reader tuythuoc vao ca c s kien be n ngoai. Co m otso loai cam bien nh ca m bien v e an hsa ng h oac s chuyen ong e phathien ca c o i tng c g an th e trong pham vi oc cu a reader. Cam bien nay cho phep

reader batlen e oc the .Thanh phan naycungcho phepreader cung ca p x uatcu c bo tu ythuoc vao m otso ieu kien qua m otbang tn hieu ien bao(cha n g han, b a o bang a m thanh) hoac c ca u truyen ong au t (cha n g han, m h oac ongvan an toan,di chuyenmotcanh tay robot, v.v). M a h ieu khie n c Mach ieu khienla m o tth c th e cho p h e p th c th e b e n n g o a ila con ngi hoac chng trnh m aytnh giao tiep, ieu khien ca c ch cnan g cu areader, ieu khien bang tn hieu ien baova c ca u truyen ongau t k e t h p v ireader nay.Thng th ca c n h asa n x uathp nhatthanh phan nayvaoreader (nh phan m em he thong(firmware) cha n ghan). Giao dien truye ntho n g Thanh phan giao dien truyen thongcung ca pcac lenh truyen en reader, n o cho phep tng ta cv i ca c thc the ben ngoaiqua mach ieu khien, e truyen d lieu cu a no,nhan lenh va lai ap ng.Thanh phan giao d ie n n a y c u n g co th e xem la m ot gi phancu amach ieukhienhoacla phng tientruyen giamach ieukhien v a ca cthc the ben ngoai.Thc the nayco n h n g a c ie m quan trong ca n xem n o nh motthanh phan oc lap. Reader co th e c o m o t giao dien tuan t. Giao dien tuan t l a loai giao dien pho bien nhat nhng ca c reader th e h e sau se c phat trien giao dien mang thanh m ot tnh nang chuan. Ca c reader p h c tap c o ca c tnh nang nh t phat hien bang chng trnh ng dung, co gan ca c Web server cho phep reader n han lenh va trnh b a yketquadungm ottrnh duyetWeb chuan. Nguo nnang lng Thanh phan nay cung ca p nguon nang lng cho ca c thanh phan c ua reader. Nguonnang lng c cung ca p cho ca c tha phan na yqua m otd ay dan ien c nh k e tn o iv i m o ngo ra ben ngoaithch hp. t Ph anloa i reader

Reader c phan loai chuyeu theo tieu chua n l a giao dien m areader cung cap cho viectruyen thong.Trong tieu chua n nay,reader c o the c pha n loai ra nh sau: - Serial. - Network. Serial reader Serial reader s dung lien ketserial e tru yen v im ot n gdung. Reader k etn o i en cong serial c u am ay tnh dungket noituan t RS232 hoac RS485. Ca hai loai ket n o i n a y e u c o gi ihan tren ve chieu daicap s dung k e t no i reader v im a y tnh. Chuan RS485 cho phepca pd a ihn chua n RS232. u iem cuaserial reader la c o otin ca y cao hn network reader. V vay s dung reader loai nayc khuyen khch nham la mto ithieu s phu thuo c vaom o tkenh truyen. N hc iem cuaserial reader l a phu thuo cvaochieu d aito ia cu aca p s dung e k e t n o im o treader v im otm aytnh. Them n thngth tren m ot m a y ch uth so a, cong serial b han che. To c o truyen d lieu serial thngthap hn to c o truyen d lieu mang. N hng nhan to nay dan en chi ph bao dng cao hn va th igian che t angke. Network reader Network reader k e t n o iv im a ytnh s dung ca m ang day v akhong day. Thc te ,reader hoat ongnh thiet b mang. u iem cuanetwork reader la kho ngphu thuocvaoch ieu daito ia c u aca p ke t n o ireader v im a ytnh. S dung t m a ych u hn so v iserial reader. Them nala phan m em h etho n gcu areader c o the c ca pnha tt xa qua mang. Nhc iem cuanetwork reader la viec truyen khong ang tin ca y bang serial reader. C ch e truye nc ba ngi athe va reader

Tu y thuoc vao loai th e, viec truyen gia reader v a th e c o th e theo m o t trong nhngca c hsau a y : - Modulated backscatter. - K ieum aypha t(transmitter type). Trc khi nghien cu sa u v a o loai truyen thong, ta phai hieu c kh ai niem near field v a far field. Pham vi gia antenna cu areader va m o tbcso n g cuasong RF c phatbi antenna c goi l a near field. Pham vi ngoa i b c so n g cu a son g RF a p h a t t antenna c u areader c goi la far field. Ca che thongRFID thu onghoat ong bang ta n LF v a HF s dung viec truyen thong near field trong khi trong bang tan UHF v a son g vi ba s dung far field. C ng o tn hieu trong truyen thongnear field yeu i lap phng khoang ca c h t antenna cu a reader. Trong far field, n o g ia m i bnh phng khoang ca c h t antenna cu a reader. Cho nen truyen thong far field c ket hp v i pham vi oc da ihn truyen thongnear field.

Hnh 1.15. C che truyen tr gan, tr n gxa g i ath e v a reader ng

Tiep theo so sa nh viec oc the v a ghi the.V iec ghi th e m at nh ieu thigian hn viec oc the trong cungieu kien v hoa t ong ghi gom nhieu bc, bao gom viec x ac minh ban a u ,x o ad lieu co ntontai tren the,ghi d lieu m ilen the ,v a giai oan xac minh la n cuoi.Them n a la d lieu c ghi tren th etheo khoi bang nhieu bc.V vay viec ghi th e c o th e m a t ca tram giay m ihoanthanh cungviviec tang kch th cd lieu. Ngc lai, c o m o t so th e c o th e c oc trong khoang thigian nay vicung reader. V iec ghi th e la m o t q u a trnh d e b anh hng ca n a t th e g an antenna cu a reader hn khoangca c hoc tng ng.V iecat gannham cho phepantenna c u ath e c o th e nhan c unang lng t tn hieu antenna c u areader e ca p nguon cho vi mach c u a n o g iu p n o c o the thc thi ca c lenh ghi. Nhu ca u nang lng oiviquatrnh ghi thngcao hn qu atrnh oc. Modulated backscatter Viectruyen modulated backscatter a pd u n g cho ca thethu ongva ba ntch cc. Trong kieu truyen thong nay,reader g i i tn hieu RF song lien tuc (continuos waveCW) gom co nguon AC v a tn hieu xung cho the cungtan so mang (carrier frequenc yta n so m a reader hoat ong N hviec ketnoi(ngha l a c che truyen nang lng gi a ). reader v a th e) m a antenna c u a th e cung ca p nguon ien cho vi mach. T kch thch th n ga m ch viec vi mach cuathethu ongnhan nanglng t tn hieu cuareader e t tiep sinh lc. Vi mach ca n khoang1.2V t tn hieu cuareader e tiep sinh l c o iv i viec oc. Co n o i v ivie c ghi th vi mach thng ca n khoang 2.2V t tn hieu c ua reader. Hien nay vi mach ieu chnh, thay o i tn hieu nhap thanh m ot chuoi m o hnh m ,ta t trnh ba yd lieu c u a n o v a truyen n o tr lai. Khi reader nhan tn hieu a ieu c h e ,n o g ia ima m o hnh v a thu c d lie u th e . V vay trong m o hnh truyen modulated backscatter, reader luon talks tr c sau o m it i th e Th e s dung m ohnh naykhong thetruyen khi khongc o m a treader . v n o phu thuochoa ntoanvaonang lng cuareader e truyen d lieu cu ano.

Hnh 1.16. C che truye modulated backscatter c u ath e thu o n g n

Hnh 1.17. C che truye modulated backscatter c u ath e ba nthu ong n Kieu ma yp h a t K ieu truyen naych ap dung cho th e tch cc. Trong kieu truyen nay,the phat tanthongiep xung quanh m oitrng vikhoang ca c htheo qui nh, batke reader c o hay k h o ng c o m a t o .V vay, trong kieu truyen na y, the luon luon talks tr c reader.

Hnh 1.18. C che truye kie um a ypha tc u ath e tch cc n

1.3.3. Database Database la h e thongthong tin phu tr e theo d o iva chathongtin v e item c o nh th e . Thong tin c lu trong database bao gom nh danh item, ph an m o ta ,nh asa n xuat,hoat ongcuaitem, v tr. Kieuthongtin chatrong database se b ien o i ytheo tu ngdung. Chang han d lieu c lu tr trong he tho n g thu le ph ng se k h a cv i d lieu clu tr cho m otdaychuyen cung ca p cungnh k h a cv iquan l y nhan vien trong m otcongty. Ca cdatabase c u n gc o thec ketnoienca cm ang khacnh mang LAN e k e t n o i database qua Internet. Viec ke t n o i n a y cho p hep dlieu chia se v i m o tdatabase cu c b o m ath o n gtin c thu thap trctient n o .

1.4. Giao thc the RFID e co th e h ie u c c che tru yen va ca c k y th u at lien quan en cong nghe RFID chungta se i tm hieu nhng thuat ng va khainiem ban au cung nh ca c hlu d lieu tren thev a hai th u tuc ra tquan trong la Singulation v a Anti_Collision. 1.4.1. Thua tn gva k h a i niem Trong phanna y ,ta se nghien cuca cgiao thcma reader v a th e s dung e trao oithongiep thongqua giao dien khonggian (air interface) cungnh xem x e tchi tie t thongtin c lu tr tren the. Giao thc: Mo tta pca cquy ta c chnh th c m ota cach truyen d lieu, a cb ie t la qua motmang. Ca cgiao th cca p thap xacnh ca c tieu chua n ve ien, ve vaty c l tien hanhtheo kieubit v a k ieu byte, viec truyen, viecpha th ie n lo iv ah ie u ch nchuoi h bit. Ca c giao thcca p cao e ca p en nh dang d lieu bao g o m c u p h a p c u a tho ng iep, oan o i thoai g i a a u cu o i t im a y tnh, ca c b o k y t , s sap xep th t cu a thongiep, v.v V inh ngha nay,ca c giao dien khong gian se l a ca c giao thcca p thap , co n ca c giao th c c m o ta d i a y la ca c giao thcca p cao. N o x a c n h cu p h a p c u a th o n g ie p v a ca u tru ccu aoan oithoai giareader v a th e .P h a n au xoay quanh m ot

so th u a tn g va khainiem quan trong e hieu c giao th cth e v a g ia ithch nhieuhn v e m o i quan he g i a cac chua n ma vach va m a h o a th e , n o se h uch cho ngi phat trien xay dng ca c ngdung EPC (Electronic Product Code). Sau ay ta thaoluan m ot so loai thutuc chong ung o va singulation e minh hoa ca c h reader nhan dang th e . Phannaygangiongphan chcnangsecurity & privacy v a m o so meo g ro itrong viec t truyen cuathe. Ban au giao thc singulation dng nh ch nhng ngi quan tam m ibiet nhng chung a c ta p trung tranh luan so i n o i trong suot th i gian g a n a y v a la nguyen nhan ga y ra nhng quyet nh then chot trong th igian thong qua k y th u a t RFID trong nhieunganhcongnghiep. Thuat n g k y thuat phattrien khi

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