RFIDandIoT 2015 Lecture

7/25/2019 RFIDandIoT 2015 Lecture

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RFID

andInternet of Things

(IoT)

19.10. 22.10.2015

Assist. Prof. Mira Trebar

Erasmus +

Faculty of Computer and Engineering

Skopje, Macedonia


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Agenda

Internet of Things (IoT) Introduction

Architecture

Technologies

Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) RFID system (reader, antenna, tag)

SL900A data logger

Near Field Communication (NFC)

NFC services (smart phone, tag)

SL13A data logger

RFID and IoT (practical example)

2015 Erasmus+ (Trebar Mira) 2


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Introduction


https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0326/5ab844e0b4465/5ab844e2a7
http://csecoolstuff.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/rfid-rights.jpghttp://csecoolstuff.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/rfid-rights.jpg


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Introduction

InternetComputers, connected through internet protocols

Internet of Things

Computers, sensors and actuators connected throughinternet protocols


http://www.techtradeasia

.info/2015/01/the-

internet-of-things-takes-

centre.html


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IoT (Internet of Things)

People and Things

are connected

Anytime, Anyplace,

with

Anything and Anyone

using

Any path/network and

AnyService

Communicate & Interact

Exchange data & Knowledge


http://www.internet-of-thin

gs-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdf
http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdfhttp://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdfhttp://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2009.pdf


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IoT applications

Improve quality of human life Industrial Control

Home Automation

Smart Retail

Connected Health

Hi-tech Cities

Intelligent Transportation

Logistics


https://connectedtechnbiz.wordpress.com/2014/10/17/iot-unraveling-technology-demands-developments/


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IoT architecture


Sensor/machine infrastructure (real world) Communication backbone (network infrastructure)

M2M service layer (software between transport & application)

Application platform (cloud, big data)



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Technologies supporting IoT



Embedded processing


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Agenda


Architecture

Technologies


SL900A data logger


NFC services (smart phone, tag)

SL13A data logger

RFID and IoT (practical example)



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RFID and NFC technologies



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RFID frequency types


http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072

860-870 MHz125 KHz 13.56 MHz

Frequency (Hz) - number of occurrences of a repeating eventwithin a specified interval.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072http://www.britannica.com/topic/telecommunications-media#ref608072


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RFID application (LF)

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8

Animal identification (farm, pets)

http://monaleenvets.com/services.

aspx?service=1499&clientId=20124

http://obamacarefacts.com/obamacare-microchip-implant/
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/07/24102700/8


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RFID applications (HF)

http://www.nearfield.org/2009/03/wireless-in-the-world

Access management

Transport card

Airline baggage handling

Document tracking

Library systems

http://www.rfidexpert.ru/en/story/519

http://www.selfadhesivelabels.productions/self-adhesive-labels-

production/smart-labels/air-baggage-rfid-labels-production/


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RFID applications (UHF)

Food industry

Pharmaceutical industry,

Hospital environment

Supply chain management


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RFID-F2F (RFID from Farm to Fork)


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RFID system


Transponder (RFID tag) RFID Reader and Antenna

Computer system (RFID application)

How it works Data transmission results from electromagnetic waves.

Different ranges depending on the frequency and magnetic field.


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RFID Reader RFID tag


RFID reader initiates an interogation -wakes up the tag.

RFID tag responds with the appropriate information.

Circulator - three-port RF component to transmit and receive

signals - the ability to use the same antenna.

http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en

LocalOscillator
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/enhttp://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en


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RFID_seminar (MT) 18

Passive RFID tag architecture

http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en

The wave reaches the tag.

The tags antenna is excited. RF power is converted to DC

power through a voltagerectifier.

This DC voltage powers the

control logic (a state machine). The chip demodulates the

waveform and determines thenext command to be sent toreader.
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/enhttp://www.ni.com/white-paper/6645/en


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RFID standards

Provide guidelines in which to develop complementaryproducts.

Ensure the products interoperability.

Air Interface Communications protocol standards

how the reader and the tag 'talk' to one another.

Physical characteristics of the radio communicationsometimes called the 'physical layer.

Structure of commands and responses.

"Anti-collision" algorithm or method of detecting andcommunicating with tags:

frequency domain method

time domain method (Binary Tree Protocol)


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Collision

Tag collision: multiple tags are present in the field of the

reader and are all trying to send their id to the reader at thesame time -> disturbance

Reader collision:

multiple readers are trying to read the same tag at the

same time -> disturbance


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Anti-collision algorithm

One RFID reader and several tags (EPCglobal Class 0 standard)


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Reader sends: (null, 0), tags send its first ID bit, Reader detects0 or 1 and echoes 1, tags that hear the bit 1 stay in the traversal


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tags on the right are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and echoes 1, tags that hear the bit


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tags on the left are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and echoes 0, tags that hear the bit 0


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tags on the right are in the traversal and send next bit, Readerdetects 0 or 1 and last bit was read is 0process starts again


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RFID data logger (UHF) SL900A

EPC Gen2 C3 single-chip data logger with sensor

semi-passive mode (battery-assisted)

fully passive mode.

The SL900A demo kit


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RFID data logger (UHF) SL900A

EPC sensor tag and data logger IC

http://ams.com/eng/Products/UHF-RFID/UHF-Interface-and-Sensor-Tag/SL900A


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SL900A characteristics

On-chip temperature sensor

Memory (9k-bit EEPROM):

5 Memory banks:

System, reserved (password), EPC, TID, USER)

Logging storage capacity: max. 841 events, time stamp

Compatible with EPC Gen2 and cool-Log 2 analog inputs for external sensors

Supports fast direct communication via SPI port

Alarm function for shelf-life monitoring

Event-driven alerts

Supply voltage range 1.2 to 3.6V

Temperature range: -40C to 125C

Works with 1.5V (single-cell) or 3V battery


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Identification, temperature monitoring

RFID reader

21.10.2015 29LRA- M.Trebar

RFID reader sends to a computer:

Products UID (Unique identification),

SL900A UID

Sensor data - temperature

SL900A


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M. Trebar 30

Fish pilot cold chain in RFID-F2F

Temperatures of fish in the box: Packing: < 12C Coldstore & logistics : 0C - 4C


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Agenda


Architecture

Technologies


SL900A data logger


NFC services (smart phone, tag) SL13A data logger

RFID and IoT (practical demonstration)



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http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1

Near field (LF, HF): inductive coupling of tag to magnetic

field circulating around antenna (like a transformer). Varying magnetic flux induces current in tag to modulate

tag load to communicate with reader.

field energy decreases proportionally

Tag operational principle
http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1http://rfid-handbook.de/about-rfid.html?showall=&start=1


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NFC technology

bidirectional and short-range contactless (wirelesscommunication) technology (13.56 MHz)

requires touching two NFC-compatible devices over a fewcentimeters.

NFC devices:

o NFC enabled mobile phone (NFC mobiles)o NFC reader enables data transfer with another NFC tago NFC tag - RFID tag that has no integrated power source


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NFC mobile services

http://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-

communication-the-stolpan-project

Smart phone and tag/card 3 types of interactions
http://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-projecthttp://www.intechopen.com/books/deploying-rfid-challenges-solutions-and-open-issues/services-use-cases-and-future-challenges-for-near-field-communication-the-stolpan-project


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NFC Card Emulation

Schematic view

Steps

Credit card

Student card


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NFC - Peer to Peer

Schematic view

Steps

Exchange:

- Photos- Files

- E-cash


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NFC Reader/Writer

Schematic view

Steps (read, write)

Smart poster


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NFC & Android


Android - worlds most popular mobile platforms.

Modified version of Linux, integrated programming interfaceusing the Java.

Completely open sourced.

Google leads the project.

Most of the code is released under the Apache License. Application development environment (compiler, debugger,

device emulator, and virtual machine named the DalvikVirtual Machine (DVM) to execute the code).


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NFC data logger (HF) SL13A

Single-chip ISO 15693 data logger with sensor

passive/semi-passive tag chip


http://www.ids.si/prod3_IDS-SL13A.htm


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SL13A characteristics

Logging storage capacity: max. 762 events with time stamp

Compatible with ISO 15693 and cool-Log commands Analog input for external sensor (resistive)

SPI is used for control and register setting

8k-bit EEPROM

Supply voltage range 1.2 to 3.3V Typical current consumption (@1.5V):

Standby (RTC Running): 2 A Operating (logging, 20ms): 150 A

Temperature range: -40C to 110C Works with 1.5V (single-cell) or 3V battery

Energy harvesting from reader field to support externalcircuitry



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NFC benefits

NFC Link for Internet of Things Wireless pairing

Maximize privacy

Cost effective


https://nxp-rfid.com/products/ntag/ntag-i2c-benefits/


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Agenda


Architecture

Technologies


SL900A data logger


NFC services (smart phone, tag) SL13A data logger

RFID and IoT (practical demonstration)



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Temperature monitoring

NFC smart phone Sl13A data logger with temperature sensor

Room and fridge temperatures

Time period: 18.11.2015 19.8.2015


2015-11-18 12:17:32

0C

20C


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Conclusion

NFC solutions (student projects):

Ticketing systems

Cold chain implementation

Museum guide

NFC Student ID student presence

Discussion

Documents

RFIDandIoT 2015 Lecture