Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY27.April 2004 1 -HERA -Astro-Particle-Physics -Theory -Beyond HERA -Summary High Energy Programme

Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 1

- HERA- Astro-Particle-Physics- Theory- Beyond HERA- Summary

High Energy Programme of DESY


HERA-I: 1992-2000 - H1+ZEUS: Lmax = 1.8 x 1031cm-2s-1

Lint ~ 100 pb-1 e+p, 15 pb-1

e-p- HERMES: e() + p/d/3He() +eA- HERA-B: pA B, J/Ψ, Χ, D(μμ),

…HERA-upgrade 2000-2001 (aims):

- Lmax ~ 4.5 (6) x 1031cm-2s-1

- Pol. e+/e- for H1, ZEUS, HERMES- upgraded H1 and ZEUS detectors

HERA-II status:- e+ polarisation of ~50% achieved- after a long struggle: background

problems in H1/ZEUS under control

- nominal specific luminosity achieved

- slowly ramping up currents Lmax = 3.8x 1031s-1 achieved

- reliability HERA slowly improving

Background in H1: Ichamber vs Ie for Ip= 105 mA (nom.)

HERA Status - 1


operation of HERA is getting more efficient and reliable (0.6 pb-1 per fill of 12 hours achieved – so far 37.2 pb-1

delivered in 2004) luminosity prediction of HERA-II: ~(>?) 700 pb-1 e+/e- both pol. until mid

2007

HERA Status - 2

H1 [pb-1]:

HERA 37.2H1rec 32.8H1track 22.1


e+p and e-p NC and CC-scattering:

• MW in time-like region (MWR > 400 GeV)

• sin2θW complementary to LEP

• light quark couplings:

MW

HERA-I HERA-II

HERA Physics - EW


F2 vs. x– rapid rise of

F2 as x 0– no slowing

down of rise of F2 seen yet

F2 vs. Q2 – data span

4 decades in Q2

– +/- scaling violations

– SM gives excellent description

HERA Physics – unpol. SF - 1


Results of QCD-fits to SF-data:• only DIS: theor. clean (H1, ZEUS)• global fits: DIS, DY, jets, W/Z

more constraints (CTEQ,MRST,…)

Precision HERA-only ≈ global fitsprecision at high x needs HERA-II !

Check consistency of pdfs: jet +heavy flavour production ~ xg in LO

F2cc

-



ZEUS: example for HERA only fit- includes all 94-00 e+p & e-p data- still needs add. constraints for x > 0.1

ZEUS: include inclusive DIS jet & high ET di-jet from photoproduction

better precision for gluons at higher x

Precision measurement of proton SF at higher x (high x-Q2 data thanks to higher luminosity) an important part of the HERA-II

programme



How do the partons contribute to the spin of nucleon ?

world data xg1(x)Nucleon

3/2 ~ q-1/2 ~ q+

Nucleon

q := q+-q-

1/2-3/2) ~ g1 := ½Σqzq2q

Integrals at Q02 = 25 GeV2,

QCD analysis of Q2 dependence,

and SU(3):

= u+d+s ~ 0.20 ± 0.04 ± ?

rest? Gluons G ?

orbital ang. momenta

Lq,g ?

HERA Physics – pol. SF - 1


NLO QCD (MS) fits Assumptions:

- Flavour symmetric spin dependent sea

- uv and dv constrained by F and D (SU(3) symmetry)

low-x extrapolation questionable

results for Q02 = 4 GeV2:

uv 0.73 .....0.86 (0.10) dv -0.40...-0.46 (0.10) qs -0.04 ...-0.09

0.14 ...0.20 G 0.68 ...1.26information from high pT had. pairs (HER-MES, COMPASS) and charm (COMPASS)BB: Blümlein, Böttcher hep/ph 0203155

LSS: Leader et al., hep/ph 0111267GRSV: Glück et al., hep/ph 0011215AAC: Goto et. al., hep/ph 0001046

HERA Physics – pol.SF - 2


Quark helicity distributions for semi-inclusive spin asymmetries

possible thanks to large acceptance and excellent part. identification HERMES

“leading” have a large probabilityto come from struck quark

knowledge of fragmentation function !



First measurement of N-transversity

g1 = - longitudinal quark spin, , q 5q, Ah1 = - transverse quark spin, , q 5 q, Th1 is chiral odd, measurement requires other chiral odd DF (e.g. Drell-Yan), or FF (SIDIS) like the Collins FF H1

(z)

single helicity flip

doublehelicity

flip

Collins FF

main physics programme of HERMES in 2002 to mid 2004

AUTsinΦ from transv. pol H-target



Exclusive reactions: - next step at HERA in

deciphering the N –spin: measurement of skewed parton distributions (SPDs)

- first step made by the extraction of DVCS (ep ep) by HERMES, H1 and ZEUS

HERMES Recoil Detector for identi-fying exclusive reactions and mea-suring t is under construction

plans: - installation summer 2005- run 1 year with polarised e+

+ 1 year with polarised e-



Results from HERMES, H1, ZEUS and HERAB:

ZEUSM=1522±2 MeV = 8±4 MeVsign = 3.9…4.6

strange penta-quark θ+(K0p)

HERMESM=1528±2 MeV < 20 MeVsign = 3.5…4.5

~

HERA-Bno signal – in spite of largest statistics and excellent mass resolution !

strange pentaquark Ξ-- (Ξπ) – 1862 MeV

also not confirmed by H1 nor by HERA-B

HERA Physics – Pentaquarks - 1

HERMES

ZEUSZEUS


Results from H1 and ZEUS on charmed pentaquark θc0 (D*p):

puzzle! more data + results from other accel. will tell!

H1: M=3099±7 MeV, Γ<12 MeV, sign = 3.5…4.5seen in DIS + p)

~ ZEUS: does not confirm signal, in spite of similar cuts and larger data samples!

HERA Physics – Pentaquarks - 2


Precision S: - HERA shows clearly running of S

- high precision with syst down to 2%- consistent values major success of QCD

- excellent collab. with theory now and in future

further progress from HERA-II

aim for ~ 1%

HERA Physics – S


HERA-BSM – 1

H1/ZEUS results similar - final HERA I limits - comparable to Tevatron


General search for new phenomena – H1:

HERA-BSM - 2


HERA-BSM – 3 “HERA-events”



2 more events in H1 from 2004 data (expect 0.6)




HERA II status:• upgrade HERA + detectors completed in summer 2001/summer

2002• HERAII achieved most design goals – but not (yet) reliability

• specific luminosity• polarised positrons (for 3 expt.)

beyond HERA II end HERA data taking in mid 2007 (tbc) to:• PETRA PETRA III synchrotron radiation source• free resources for PETRAIII, XFEL and preparation of an e+e- linear collider

Summary HERA

HERA II – physics aims (aim for 1 fb-1 and e+/e- polarised):• high statistics at high Q2 and high ET,• high x partons from high Q2 DIS,• jets at high Q2 and high ET (detector improvements!)• heavy flavours (detector improvements!),• diffraction (detector improvements!),• EW-coupling of light quarks (polarisation!),• mW measurement in CC-DIS,• BSM and HERA zoo events, • exclusive channels (detector improvements!),• transversity distributions,• more long. polarised data,

H1 +

ZEU

S

HER

MES


High energy neutrino astronomy (at Zeuthen):

- origin and composition of cosmic rays,

- dark matter,- monopoles & other

exotica,- supernova alert, …

Baikal Amanda IceCube

Astro-Particle Physics - 1

Skyplot 2000

Northern hemisphere( 697 upward muons )

first serious challenge of

models

Amundsen-Scott South-Pole Station


Supernova sensitivity


Amanda-II

Amanda-B10

IceCube

LMC

IceTop

1 km3

IceCube

~ 1

500

m

Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 24-90 0-45 9045

10-15

10-14 cm-2 s-1

SS-433

Mk-501

/ ~ 1

10-17

10-16

2001

2007

2003

2012

GX339-4

MACRO, SK

AntaresAmanda / IceCube

Km3Net (Med.terr.) IceCube

declination (°)

Sensitivity to static point sources




RICE AGASA

Amanda, Baikal2002

2007

AUGER

Anita

AmandaAntares

Bai. Nest.

2012 km3

EUSOAuger

(+radio)Acoustics

2004

RICE AGASA

log (

E2

·

) [

GeV

cm

-2 s

-1 s

r-1]

Sensitivity to diffuse flux


Astro-Particle Physics at DESY – High Energy Neutrino Astronomy - Baikal has pioneered the field

- Amanda has demonstrated performance of large -detector in ice, and is coming into an interesting sensitivity region

- IceCube is well on its way to a 1 km3 -telescope

- interesting technological developments under way (acoustic detectors, increase light yield via wave-length-shifters, …)

- close collaboration with theoretical community

an attractive programme – central part of DESY’s scientific research

Summary Astro-Particle Physics


Theory at DESY

Research Topics of the Theory Groups in Hamburg and Zeuthen and at the John-von-Neumann Institute of Computing

- higher orders in perturbation theory (QCD and electro-weak)

- non-perturbative QCD (instantons, small-x-physics, …)

- Collider phenomenology (HERA – LHC – LC)

- Physics beyond the Standard Model

- String Theory

- Particle Cosmology (baryogenesis, dark matter, inflation)

- Lattice technology in QCD, electro-weak physics, super-symmetry

- contribute to the development of massively parallel computers for Lattice Gauge Theory (APE – struggle for funding > 5Tflops)

A broad and strong programme – well embedded in the local (university institutes on-site) and international theory

community

also strongly supported by the recent HGF evaluation

~


Experimentation beyond HERA

Until mid 2007 HERA II is the highest priority of Experimental Particle Physics at DESY

What for the time between HERA and the LC?

• continue HERA running ? lack of resources and PETRA III

synchrotron radiation source

• participation in an expt. at until HERA II is satisfactorily running in- an external accelerator ? sufficient resources, then various options (LHC, -experiment,… under discussion)

• strengthen Astro-Particle- DESY wants, and is asked by bmbf, to Physics? remain an accelerator laboratory

• …….

in addition significant resources are put into the preparation and

promotion of Global Linear Collider


e+

e-

e+e-:

•well defined initial state- exact knowledge of quantum

numbers of initial state- energy and momenta of

partons known + can be varied

- polarisation of e+ and e- beams possible + can be varied

•well defined production process- simple kinematics- precise (< %) knowledge of

cross-sections- similar cross-sections for SM

and new physics•low background

discovery by precision

Power and Physics of an e+e- Collider


A Linear Collider measures:

• mass (indep. of final state!)

• Spin, CP• Couplings/branching ratios test the mechanism of

mass generation

Higgs at e+e-: key to understand origin of mass

Φ(H) = v2H2 + vH3 + 1/4H4

SM: gHHH = 6v, defined by MH


e+e- Discoveries BSM -Test of Unification

extrapolation of SUSY parameters from weak to GUT scale (mSUGRA):

precision provided by LC for sleptons, charginos and neutralinos will test if masses unify at same scale as forces

Gluino (LHC)

A Linear Collider can measure for supersymmetric particles:• masses• quantum numbers• lifetimes• decay modes

Extrapolation of present measure-ments to high energies (1016 GeV) fails in simple SM and suggests new physics at 100 – 1000 GeV scale

The most favoured possibility: Supersymmety

The key to understanding SUSY is to see a few of these states

SUSY partners of ew bosons and

Higgs (LC)


e+e- Extra Spatial Dimensions

- emission of gravitons into extra dimensions

+ emission of or a jet

- measurement of cross sections at different energies allows to dnetermine number and scale of extra dimensions

(500 fb-1 at 500 GeV + 1000 fb-1 at 800 GeV)

Cross-section for anomalous single photon production

= no. of extra dimensionse+e- G

Question: In how many dimensions do we live?


Politics: The Scientific Case for a LC

Based on physics a world-wide consensus has formed for a baseline LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with a luminosity above 1034 cm-2s-1.

The energy should be upgradeable to about 1 TeV.

Above this firm baseline, several options are envisioned whose priority will depend upon the nature of the discoveries made at the LHC and in the initial LC operation.The consensus document has been signed by > 2600 scientists from all around the world.(http:/www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey)

Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended


For the highest energies: hadron colliders - LHC under construction at CERN

For precision measurements: electron-positron colliders - e.g. GLC, NLC, TESLA, … CLIC

physics and experience teach us that we need both tools to answer the open questions and that they complement each other

accelerator R&D essential for progress in our field

The Development of Accelerators

© Physics Today


The e+e- LC Challenge

Main challenges for TeV LC compared to SLC:

• energy • luminosity

© R. PalmerFactor 5

Fac

tor

10,0

00 SLC TESLA JLC/NLC (500) (500)

Emax(prop.) 100 800 1000 GeV AC Power 140 195 MWfacc 11.4 1.3 11.4 GHzy-spot size IP 500 5 3 nmEacc (500GeV) 22.5 50 MV/mEacc @Emax 35 50 MV/mbunch-sep. 337 1.4 nsLumi 310-4 5 3 1034cm-2s-1


Beam Sizes

© M. Tigner


The Technical Design Report including cost was published in

March 2001

TESLA Layout

• super-conducting RF @ 1.3 GHz• loaded gradient up to 35 MV/m• for site length 33 km: Ecm = 800

GeV (can be made longer)


(GLC)/NLC Overall Layout

- warm RF, 11.4 GHz

- loaded gradient 50 MV/m

- for site length 33 km: Ecm = 1.–1.3 TeV


Accelerating Structures

GLC/NLC: DDS structure, X-bandcopper cell - iris diamater : 9 mm

TESLA: 9-cell L-bandpure Niobium celliris diameter: 70 mm

L = 1 m


High Gradients in EP nine-cell Cavities

AC70: 39.4 MV/m gradient at 2K using EP at DESY no 1400oC treatment!

High gradient: high priority item for DESY and the TESLA collaboration

1,00E+09

1,00E+10

1,00E+11

0 10 20 30 40

Eacc [MV/m]

Q0

2 K

1,8 K

1,6 K

1011

109

1010

Test of 1/8th of a TESLA cryo-module at 5 Hz, 500 s fill, 800 s flat-top 35 MV/m with no interruption related to cavity-coupler-klystron for more than 1000 hours

No field emission

TESLA 800


The TESLA Test Facility

Tasks:- test of all components- operation for > 13 000h- proof SASE-FEL- first experiments - base for costing –- step towards X-FEL

Conclusion:the readiness of the TESLA technology

has been demonstrated

Construction + running of a prototype accelerator:

TTF I

Cavity with

35 MV/m

insta

lled and working in

TTF II

TTF II starting-up running in autumn 2004


The NLCTA with 1.8 m accelerator structures (ca 1997).

Demonstration of X-band concept, wake-field control, beam loading compensation

Accelerating gradient limited to < 40 MV/m (loaded)

The NLC Test Accelerator


Future e+e- colliders

CLIC: new acceleration principle: two-beam accelerator

Emax= 3 TeV

L=1035 cm-2s-1

22 drive beams

70 GeV each

E=150 MV/m

f= 30 GHz

several yearsof R&D ahead

Beyond NLC and SC type LC e+e- accelerators for which R&D is done:


R1: R&D – Recommendation from ILCTRC *)

Where do the individual technologies stand ?

Score Card

Review defines and ranks R&D needed for choosing

technology

In addition, system aspects like uptime, reliability, etc. are of utmost importance to meet the challenges of a LC


What next ? Technology Choice – Wise Men

The International Linear Collider Steering Committee (ILCSC) has selected twelve members for the International Technology Recommendation Panel (ITRP):

recommendation of one technology (NLC or TESLA) before end of 2004

first meeting end of January at RALmeeting 5.-6. April at DESY, Hamburg, next meetings at SLAC and KEK

Asia:G.S. LeeA. MasaikeK. OideH. Sugawara

Europe:J.-E. AugustinG. BellettiniG. KalmusV. Soergel

North America:J. Bagger B. Barish (Chair)P. GrannisN. Holtkamp


Next Milestones towards a Global Linear Collider

Roadmap:

2004 selection of collider technology (warm or cold) and setting up of an international project team with branches in America, Asia and Europe

continuation of discussion between funding agencies

further studies of organisation structures

2005 start of work of project teams (‚pre GLC‘)

2006 completion of the project layout including costing

2007 decision in principle by governments to go ahead with LC

2015 start of commissioning


Political Situation

USA:

mid-term readiness for construction

Germany: „The government is the first one to have announced to be principally committed to participating in the project. “

UK: substantial increase in R&D spending for LCsOECD-Science Ministers: endorsed road-map (Jan. 04)

The consensus of the hep-community is essential for success!

near-

term

read

iness f

or

con

str

ucti

on


Why? detector challenges LC << LHC ?

Precision of LC needs detectors with precision not achieved so far!

TESLA TDR

GLC-detector

NA-all Si detector

Linear Collider Detector R&D


TESLA TDR

World-wide co-ordinated R&D activities under way:

Active LC Detector R&D Collaborations


- HERA: HERA II until mid 2007

- Astro-Particle-Physics: high energy neutrino astro- physics: Baikal

Amanda IceCube

- Theory: a broad scientific programme

- Experiments beyond prepare for Linear Collider + HERA: participation in an experiment at an external accelerator between HERA II and the LC

High Energy Programme DESY

Documents

Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY27.April 2004 1 -HERA -Astro-Particle-Physics -Theory -Beyond HERA -Summary High Energy Programme