Robotics 17

8/8/2019 Robotics 17

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EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Email: [email protected]@yahoo.com

Cell: 9952749533www.researchprojects.infoPAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI

Call For Research Projects Final year students of B.E in EEE, ECE, EI,M.E (Power Systems), M.E (Applied

Electronics), M.E (Power Electronics)Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.

Students can assemble their hardware in our Research labs. Experts will be guiding the

projects .


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Und er the gui d a n ce:M r.P.PONSANKER. M .E.,

LECTURER,DEPART M ENT OF EEEDSEC.

PRESENTED BY:K.SARAVANAN.K.M EHANATHAN.J.KAVIARASAN.

A.SUHAILRASEED.

MICROCONTROLLER BASED PWM INVERTER


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This pulse width modulation technique is very much useful

for the reduction of harmonics in the inverter output voltage.The pulses are produced directly by the microcontroller through its programing. The width of the pulses are easilyvaried by the program.Keil software is used for checking and debugging the

program of the controller. ISPRO software is used for storethe program in microcontroller with the help of computer.Simulation of single phase and three phase inverter is done byusing M ATLAB simulation software. After simulation

process a necessary hardware for single phase inverter is to be produced .


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INVERTER

An inverter is a circuit which converts a D.C power into anA.C power at desired output voltage and frequencyThis conversion can be achieved by controlled turn-on andturn-off devices like BJT, M OSFET and IGBT.For low and medium power outputs the above deviceswere used.The output waveform produced by the inverter should be

sinusoidal.


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The commonly used PW M control techniques are:(a) Single-pulse width modulation (SPW M )(b) M ultiple-pulse width modulation ( M PW M )(c) Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (sin PW M )

(a) Single-pulse width modulation:

In single-pulse width modulation control, there is only one pulse per half-cycle and the width of the pulse is varied tocontrol the inverter output voltage. The generation of gatingsignals and output voltage of single phase full bridgeinverter is shown in Fig


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(a) Multiple pulse-wi d th mo d ulatio n :

In this method of pulse width modulation, the harmonic content can bereduced using several pulses in each half-cycle of output voltage. Bycomparing a reference signal with a triangular carrier wave, the gatingsignals are generated for turning-on and turning-off of a thyristor, asshown in Fig


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Sinusoidal pulse width modulation :

In this method of modulation, several pulses per half-cycle are used as in the case of multiple pulsewidth modulation. Instead of maintaining thewidth of all pulses the same as in the case of multiple pulse modulation, width of each pulse isvaried proportional to the amplitude of a sine-wave evaluated at the centre of the same pulse. By

comparing a sinusoidal refence signal with atriangular carrier wave of frequency, f c, the gatingsignals are generated, as shown in Fig


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Sin gle phase five level i n verter

PWM inverter can control their output voltage and

frequency. and also they reduce the harmoniccomponents in load currents. The approach in theseproject also have lot of merits such as an improved outputwaveform, smaller size and low cost In single-phasethree-level inverter output has three values: zero, positive,and negative supply dc voltage level. Therefore, theharmonic components of their output voltage aredetermined by carrier frequency and switching functions.Moreover, the harmonic reduction of them is limited tocertain degree. The developed a single-phase five-levelPWM inverter has an output voltage with five levels, they

are 1.Zero,2.Half Positive,3.Full Positive,4. Half Negative,5.Full Negative supply dc voltage levels and hence

called single-phase five-level PWM inverter.


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(a) State 1: + (Vd/2)-Q1-R-L-Q4- (-Vd/2), outputvoltage positive (Vo= Vd) and direction of load current

is negative (Io= (+)).(b) State 2: (-Vd/2)-D1-R-L-D4- (+Vd/2), outputvoltage positive (Vo = Vd) and direction of load currentis negative (Io= (-)).(c) State 3: + (Vd/2)-D5-Q5-D8-L-R-Q4, output voltage

positive (Vo = Vd/2) and direction of load current isnegative (Io= (+)).(d) State 4: - (Vd/2)-D4-L-R-D6-Q5-D7- (+Vd/2), outputvoltage positive (Vo = Vd/2) and direction of load

current is negative (Io= (-)).(e) State 5: L-Q4-D3-R -L, output voltage positive (Vo= 0) and direction of load current is negative (Io= (+)).


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(f) State 6: L-R-Q3-D4-L, output voltage positive (Vo=0) and direction of load current is negative (Io=(-)).(g) State 7: - (Vd/2-D5-Q5-D8-R-L-D2- (+Vd/2), outputvoltage positive (Vo = - Vd/2) and direction of loadcurrent is negative (Io= (+)).(h) State 8: + (Vd/2)-Q2-L-R-D6-Q5-D7- (-Vd/2), output

voltage positive (Vo = - Vd/2) and direction of loadcurrent is negative (Io= (-)).(i) State 9: - (Vd/2)-D3-R-L-D2- (+Vd/2), output voltage

positive (Vo = - Vd) and direction of load current isnegative (Io= (+)).

( j) State 10: + (Vd/2)-Q2-L-R-Q3- (-Vd/2), outputvoltage positive (Vo =- Vd) and direction of load currentis negative(Io= (-)).


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What's New in Vision3Vision3 adds many new features to the

Editor like Text Templates, QuickFunction Navigation, Syntax Coloringwith brace highlighting, ConfigurationWizard for dialog based startup and

debugger setup. Vision3 is fullycompatible to Vision2 and can be usedin parallel with Vision2.

Keil microvision2


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To help you get started, several example programs(located in the \C51\Ex amples , \C251\Ex amples ,\C166\Ex amples , and \ARM\...\Ex amples ) areprovided.

H ELLO is a simple program that prints the string "HelloWorld" using the Serial Interface.MEASURE is a data acquisition system for analog anddigital systems.TRAFFIC is a traffic light controller with the RTX Tinyoperating system.SIE VE is the SIEVE Benchmark.D H RY is the Dhrystone Benchmark.WH ETS is the Single-Precision Whetstone Benchmark.


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Additional example programs not listedhere are provided for each devicearchitecture.Bu ilding an Application in Vision 2To build (compile, assemble, and link)

an application in Vision2, you must:1.Select Project - Open Project (forexample, \C166\EXAMPLES\ H ELLO\H ELLO.U V2 ).

2.Select Project - Rebuild all target filesor Build target.Vision2 compiles, assembles, and linksthe files in your project.


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Cr eating Yo u r O wn Application inVision 2

To create a new project in Vision2, youmust:1. Select Project - New Project.2. Select a directory and enter the name of the

project file.3. Select Project - Select Device and select an

8051, 251, or C16x/ST10 device from theDevice Database .

4. Create source files to add to the project.5. Select Project - Targets, Groups, Files.

Add/Files, select Source Group1, and add thesource files to the project.


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CO NCL U SIO N

Single-phase five-level PW M inverter to reduce the harmoniccomponents of output voltage and load current. Theoperational principles and the switching functions are

analyzed in detail. The controller is also designed for thesingle-phase five-level PW M inverter to keep the outputvoltage being sinusoidal and have high dynamic performanceeven in the cases of load variations and also the single-phasefive-level PW M inverter has been compared with a single-

phase three-level PW M inverter. The simulation results showthat Total harmonic distortion of the five-level inverter isconsiderably alleviated.


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Robotics 17