RODENTICIDES

RODENTICIDES

Rodenticides are defined as any substance that is used to kill rats, mice, and

other rodent pests. Almost rodenticides are synthetic, but there is also non-toxic natural

rodenticides such as cellulosa. This consists only of natural cellulose derived from

maize. It works by interfering with the rodent’s water absorption, thus causing

dehydration. Due to the unique way in which rodent’s stomachs process food, it is

completely safe for other mammals and birds.

Classification of Rodenticides

No Class Example Note

1 botanical rodenticides Scilliroside, Strychnine Strychnine is a natural toxin

which causes violent convulsion

by direct excitatory action on the

cells of the central nervous

system chiefly the spiral cord

2 carbanilate rodenticides 3-pyridylmethyl 4-

nitrocarbanilate (mieshuan)

Destroy the pancreatic beta cell

3 coumarin rodenticides First generation : warfarin,

coumachlor,coumafuryl,

coumatetralyl,dicoumarol

These substances kill by

preventing normal blood clotting

and causing internal

hemorrhaging.Second generation :

brodifacoum, bromadiolone,

difenacoum,difethialone

flocoumafen

4 indandione rodenticides Chlorophacinone,diphacinone

pindone ,valone

These are harder to group by

generation. According to some

sources, the indandiones are

considered second generation

5 inorganic rodenticides arsenous oxide, phosphorus

potassium arsenite

sodium arsenite

thallium sulfate

All these poisons are toxic to

other animals, and most cause

death by disturbance of nervous-

system functions.

zinc phosphide

6 organochlorine

rodenticides

gamma-HCH, HCH, lindane -

7 organofluorine

rodenticides

Fluoroacetamide, sodium

fluoroacetate

-

8 organophosphorus

rodenticides

Phosacetim -

9 pyrimidinamine

rodenticides

(Convulsant)

Crimidine Cirimide is a syntgetic

chlorinated pyrimidine

compound that in adequate

dosage cause violent convulsion

similar those produce by

strychine.

10 thiourea rodenticides Promurit, thiosemicarbazide -

11 urea rodenticides Pyrinuron -

12 Miscellaneous

rodenticides

Red squill, cholecalciferol red squill containing a cardiac

glycoside as an active

ingredient, red squill is intensely

nauseant.

13 unclassified

rodenticides

Bromethalin, chloralose

α-chlorohydrin, curcumenol

ergocalciferol, flupropadine

hydrogen cyanide,norbormide

silatrane, tetramine

Uncouple oxidative

phosphorylation (bromethalin)

Lead to vasoconstriction with

ischemia (norbormide)

There are wide variety of materials are used as rodenticides. They pose a particular

risk for accidental poisonings for several reasons:

1. First, as agents designed to specifically kill mammals, often their toxicity is very

similar for the target rodents and for humans. (Warfarin and other anticoagulant

rodenticides were initially developed to overcome this problem by creating

compounds that wee highly toxic to rodents, particularly after repeated

exposures, but much less toxic to humans).

2. Secondly, since rodents share the same environment as humans and other

mammals, the risk of accidental exposure is an integral part of the placement of

baits for the rodents.

3. Thirdly, as rodents have developed resistance to Warfarin and others, there is a

continuous need to develop new and potentially more toxic rodenticides. Thus

we end up with 2nd and 3rd generation rodenticides which have increased the

risk to humans.

INTERNATIONAL RODENTICIDE PRODUCT

1. RAMIX PRODUCT

A. RAMIX GREEN BAIT PACK

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

- Product Name: Ramik® Green Bait Pack Kills Rats and Mice Fish Flavored

Weather-Resistant Rodenticide for Control of Norway Rats, Roof Rats and

House Mice

- EPA Signal Word: CAUTION

- Active Ingredient (%): Diphacinone (0.005%) CAS No.: 82-66-6

- Chemical Name: 2-Diphenylacetyl-1,3-Indandione

- Chemical Class: An indandione-type anticoagulant rodenticide.

- EPA Registration Number: 61282-48

COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Diphacinone (2-Diphenylacetyl-1,3-Indandione) ............................. 0.005%

INERT INGREDIENTS:................... ........................................... 99.995%

TOTAL: ............................................................................... 100.000%

TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

- Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies (Finished Product)

- Ingestion: Low Toxicity

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 7 mg/kg body weight (Diphacinone Technical at 98%

active)

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 100,000 mg/kg body weight (Ramik Green Bait Pack)

B. RAMIX BARS


- Product Name: Ramik® Bars All-Weather Rat and Mouse Killer


- Active Ingredient (%): Diphacinone (0.005%) CAS No.: 82-66-6

- Chemical Name: 2-Diphenylacetyl-1,3-Indandione

- Chemical Class: An indandione-type anticoagulant rodenticide



ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Diphacinone (2-Diphenylacetyl-1,3-Indandione) ............................. 0.005%

INERT INGREDIENTS: .................................................................. 99.995%

TOTAL: ........................................................................................... 100.000%


Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies (Finished Product)

Ingestion: Low Toxicity

Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 7 mg/kg body weight (Diphacinone Technical at 98% active)

Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 100,000 mg/kg body weight (Ramik Bars)

2. HAVOC PRODUCT

A. HAVOC XT-BLOCK


- Product Name: HAVOC® XT BLOK KILLS RATS & MICE


- Active Ingredient (%): Brodifacoum Technical (0.005%) CAS No.:

56073-10-0

- Chemical Name: 3-[3-(4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-

1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one

- Chemical Class: A coumarin-type anticoagulant rodenticide.

- EPA Registration Number: 100-1055-61282


ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Brodifacoum -3-[3-(4’-bromo-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-

naphthalenyl]-4- hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one..................................0.005%

OTHER INGREDIENTS :...................................................................99.995%

TOTAL ................................................................................................100.000%

Contains Bitrex® brand denatonium benzoate



- Ingestion: Practically Non-Toxic

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 5,000 mg/kg body weight

B. HAVOC RODENTICIDE BAIT PACK


- Product Name: HAVOC® RODENTICIDE BAIT PACK (PELLETS)

KILLS RATS & MICE


- Active Ingredient (%): Brodifacoum Technical (0.005%) CAS No.:56073100

- Chemical Name: 3-[3-(4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-

naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one




ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Brodifacoum - 3-[3-(4’-bromo-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-

naphthalenyl]-4- hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one..................................0.005%

OTHER INGREDIENTS :................................................................99.995%

TOTAL .........................................................................................100.000%

Contains Bitrex® brand denatonium benzoate



Ingestion: Practically Non-Toxic

Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 5,000 mg/kg body weight

Dermal: Slightly Toxic

Dermal (LD50 Rat) : > 2,000 mg/kg body weight (calculated from technical material)

C. HARVOV CHUNK


- Product Name: HAVOC® CHUNKS KILLS RATS & MICE


- Active Ingredient (%): Brodifacoum Technical (0.005%) CAS No.:

56073-10-0

- Chemical Name: 3-[3-(4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-

1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one




ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Brodifacoum - 3-[3-(4’-bromo-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-

naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1- benzopyran-2-one ..................................... 0.005%

INERT INGREDIENTS: ............................................................. 99.995%

TOTAL .................................................................................... 100.000%



Ingestion: Practically Non-Toxic

Oral (LD50 Rat) : > 5,000 mg/kg body weight

Dermal: Slightly Toxic

Dermal (LD50 Rat) : > 2,000 mg/kg body weight (calculated from technical

material)

3. CYKILL PRODUCT


- Product Name: CyKill™ Place Packs Kills Rats and Mice Breaks the

Cycle


- Active Ingredient (%): Bromethalin (0.01%) CAS No.: 63333-35-7

- Chemical Name: [N-Methyl-2, 4-dinitro-N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)-6-

(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine]

- Chemical Class: An acute rodenticide



ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Bromethalin: .................................................................... 0.01%

OTHER INGREDIENTS: ........................................... 99.99%

Total ...................................................................... 100.00%


- Ingestion: Acute Toxicity

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : 9.1 mg/kg (Bromethalin Technical)

- Dermal: Acute Dermal Effects

- Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) : 2000 mg/kg (Bromethalin Technical)

- Inhalation: Acute Inhalation Effects

- Inhalation (LC50 Rat, 1 hr.) : 0.024mg/L (Bromethalin Technical)

- Eye Contact: Mild, transient irritation.

Skin Contact: Non-irritating.

4. DI KILL PRODUCT

A. DI KILL PLACE PACK


- Product Name: Di-Kill™ Place Packs Kills Rats and Mice


- Active Ingredient (%): Difenacoum (0.005%) CAS No.: 56073-07-05

- Chemical Name: [3-(3-biphenyl-4-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-napthyl)-4-

hydroxycoumarin]




ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Difenacoum....................................................................0.005%

OTHER INGREDIENTS:.........................................99.995%

Total ....................................................................100.000%


- Acute Toxicity/Irritation Studies (Technical Product)

- Ingestion: Acute Toxicity

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : 1.8-2 mg/kg (Difenacoum Technical)

- Dermal: Acute Dermal Effects

- Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) : >50 mg/kg (Difenacoum Technical)

- Eye Contact: Mild, transient irritation.

- Skin Contact: Non-irritating.

5. PROZAP PRODUCT

A. PROZAP PELLET


- Product Name: Prozap® Zinc Phosphide Rodent Pellets


- Active Ingredient (%): Zinc Phosphide (2.00%) CAS No.: 1314-84-7

- Chemical Name: trizinc diphosphide

- Chemical Class: An inorganic compound.

- EPA Registration Number: 61282-50 Section(s) Revised: 7


ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Zinc Phosphide ..................................................................2.0%

INERT INGREDIENTS: ............................................... 98.0%

Total ..................................................................... 100.0%



- Ingestion: Ingestion Hazard

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : 910 mg/kg body weight (2.00% pelleted bait)

- Dermal: Toxic

- Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) : > 2,000 mg/kg body weight (2.00% pelleted bait)

B. PROZAP MOLLE AND GOPHER PELLET BAIT


- Product Name: Prozap® Mole and Gopher Pelleted Bait


- Active Ingredient (%): Zinc Phosphide (2.00%) CAS No.: 1314-84-7

- Chemical Name: trizinc diphosphaide

- Chemical Class: An inorganic compound.

- EPA Registration Number: 61282-50 Section(s) Revised: 7


ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Zinc Phosphide..................................................................2.0%

INERT INGREDIENTS:...............................................98.0%

Total...............................................................................100.0%



- Ingestion: Ingestion Hazard

- Oral (LD50 Rat) : 910 mg/kg body weight (2.00% pelleted bait)

- Dermal: Toxic

- Dermal (LD50 Rabbit) : > 2,000 mg/kg body weight (2.00% pelleted bait)

MOLLUSCICIDES

Molluscicides, also known as snail baits and snail pellets, are pesticides against

molluscs, which are usually used in agriculture or gardening to control gastropod pests

like slugs and snails that can damage crops by feeding on them.

Molluscicide are usually belonging to three main classes:

1. Metal salts such as iron(III) phosphate and aluminium sulfate, relatively

non-toxic, also used in organic gardening

2. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, highly toxic to other animals and humans,

acts also as a contact poison

3. Metaldehyde

According to the material molluscides can be devided into:

1. Natural molluscides

a. Aglaia elaeagnoidea

extract of dichlormetane in leaf has antimicroba activities to Bacillus

subtilis dan as molluscicides.

b. Extract of lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak DC)

c. Extract of tea seed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaldehyde

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_poison

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_gardening

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_sulfate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_phosphate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slug

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_(organism)#Gastropods

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

It is toxic for Pomaceae canaliculata

2. Synthetic molluscicides

Product name Label Explanation

Fatal 250 EC Toxic when inhal.

Form : yellow brownish

concentrated. It can be

emultion to control murbei

snail Pomacea

cannaliculata in rice

de besttan 60 WP Active material fentin

acetate 60% (yellow redish

powder form, which

suspended to control

tripisan snail "cerithidae

sp" in shrimp in fishpond.

Decoy wetex - Hazardous component:

methiocarb, fluor, strach.

- Form : pellet

- Colour : blue

- Odour : weak

- Toxicity to Fish LC50

(Lepomis macrochirus

(Bluegill sunfish)) 0.65

mg/l Exposure time: 96

h

- Toxicity to daphnia

EC50 (Water flea

(Daphnia magna))

0.0077 mg/l Exposure

time: 48 h

- Toxicity to algae IC50

(Desmodesmus

subspicatus) 2.2 mg/l

Growth rate Exposure

time: 72 h

Draza forte A pelleted bait for

thecontrol of slugs, snails

and strawberr seed beetle,

with a reduction in

leatherjacket populations,

in certain agricultural and

horticultural outdoor crops.

Exit Wetex A pelleted bait for the

HERBICIDEA. Definition

Herbicide is a compound or material that is spread on agricultural land to reduce

or eradicate plant which caused a decrease in yield ( weeds ). Agricultural land is

usually planted with a type or two types of agricultural crops. However, other plants can

also grow on the land. Since competition in getting nutrients in the soil, sun acquisition,

and / or discharge of the substance allopathic , other plants are not desirable existence.

B. Classification of Herbicides

a. There are two types of herbicides according to their application, namely:

1. Pre-emergence Herbicide

Spread on land after being processed but before the seeds spread (or

immediately after seed spread). Usually this type are nonselective herbicide, which

means killing all the existing plants.

2. Post-emergence Herbicide

Given after the first seed leaf display. Herbicides of this type should be selective, in the

sense of not disturbing the plant anyway.

b. There are two types of herbicides based on his work, namely:

a). Contact Herbicides

Herbicide is a contact herbicide is directly off the tissues or the weed is exposed

to the herbicide solution, especially the green weeds. Herbicides of this type react very

fast and effective when used to eradicate weeds are still green, and weeds, which still

has a root system is not widespread.

In the tissues of plants, the active ingredient of herbicide contacts almost is not

trans-located. If present, these materials is trans-located by phloem. Because only turn

off the affected parts of weeds, weed growth can occur very quickly. Thus, the rotation

control to be brief. Herbicide dose and contacts require a larger water solvent for the

active ingredients evenly throughout the surface of the weeds and obtained the active

control effect is better.

Also a contact herbicide that works by producing hydrogen peroxide radicals

that break the cell membranes and damage the whole cell configuration. Contact

herbicides kill only the affected parts of the plant life of the solution, so the plants under

the soil like the roots or rhizome roots are not affected, and parts of plants and roses get

back to work on this herbicide was very fast.

Herbicides are only able to eradicate the weed spray only the affected, especially

the part that green leaves and active photosynthesize. Specialty, to eradicate weeds

quickly, 2-3 hours after spraying weeds have withered and died 2-3 days later. So useful

if the time of planting should be done immediately. The downside, weeds will grow

back quickly about 2 weeks later and when the herbicide is not touching the roots then

working process has no effect on weeds. An example is the contact herbicide paraquat.

There is a contact herbicide types based on the form, time use, and other plants

are good to control weeds is one of them is full grown herbicide that is a contact, in the

form of solution in the dark green water, to control weeds in the planting of oil palm

(TM) and corn (TOT). Examples of contact herbicides are generally used are

Gramoxone, Herbatop.

b). Systemic Herbicides

Systemic herbicide is a herbicide that is trans-located to the whole body or a part

of the weeds, ranging from leaf to root or vice versa. The workings of this herbicide

takes 1-2 days to kill nuisance plants cultivated plants (weeds) because it does not

directly kill the affected plant tissue, but it works by disrupting the physiological

process of tissue are then flowed into the plant tissues of weeds and kill the target tissue

such as leaf , point to grow, shoot up to the roots. It features, can be deadly shoots

present in the soil, thus inhibiting the growth of these weeds. Effects of similar evenly

to all parts of weeds, ranging from the leaf to root. Thus, the process of re-growth also

occurs very slowly so that the rotation of the control may be longer (length). The use of

systemic herbicides as a whole can save time, labor, and the application fee. Systemic

herbicides can be used on all types of spray equipment, including systems ULV (Micron

Herby), because the spread of the active ingredient throughout the weed need little

solvent. Several factors influence the effectiveness of systemic herbicides, namely:

Weeds must be in a period of active growth

Sunny weather when spraying

Do not spray before rain

Dry the area to be sprayed

Use clean water as solvent

Be mixed with the herbicide 2,4 D amine or with herbicides Metsulfuron

Use of a continuous type of herbicide will form the resistant weed so it will be

difficult to control it. To anticipate the weaknesses mentioned above is by mixing two

herbicides (Akobundu, 1987). Mixing the two types of herbicides have been done long

ago with the aim to broaden the spectrum of weed control, reduce weed resistance to

one herbicide so as to prevent weed vegetation that leads to homogeneous.

Clemson herbicide is a systemic herbicide, given pre Emergence on the surface

of the soil. This herbicide will be absorbed by plant roots and up trans-located and live

in leaf. These herbicides inhibiting effect formation of the carotene, causing bleaching

of chloroplasts. Clemson herbicides can be used for weed control class puzzles and

weeds wide leaf, while metribuzine can be used to control grass weeds and leaf width

class. How it works is mertibuzine herbicides disrupt photosynthesis activity. Mixing

the two types of herbicides make more effective and economical increase in weed

control method. Mixing the two types of these herbicides will show the relationship of a

material with another material is called interaction. When two or more chemicals

accumulate in the plant, they do the interactions and responses are shown out to produce

a different reaction when the chemical was given alone. These interactions can be

synergistic, or antagonistic.

b. There Are Two Types Of Herbicides Based On The Combination Of Active Ingredients,

Namely:

a). Herbicides Single

Single herbicide is a type of herbicide that consists of only one type of active

ingredient. Ineffectiveness is limited to one particular class of weed. For example:

- Ally 20 WDG

- Eagle 480 U.S.

b). Herbicide Mixtures

Herbicides are the type of herbicide mixtures consisting of two kinds or more

active ingredients. For example:

- Paracol (paraquat + diuron)

C. How it works Herbicides

In general, herbicide works by disrupting the process anabolism important

compounds such as starch , fatty acids or amino acid through competition with a

compound that "normal" in the process. Herbicides to be competitors because it has a

similar structure and become the recognizable by the enzyme co-substrate who became

his target. For example, Another way of working is to disrupt the balance of production

of the chemicals needed plant. Example:

glyphosate (Monsanto) disrupt the synthesis of amino acids, aromatic because of

competition with phosphoenol-pyruvate

fosfinositrin disrupt the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium as a substrate of the

enzyme glutamine syntheses

A number of herbicide producers fund the creation of transgenic plants resistant

to herbicides. Thus the use of herbicides can be expanded in the production plant. These

efforts can reduce the cost of production in large-scale agricultural mechanization.

Examples of herbicide-resistant crops that have been developed are the raps (canola),

corn, cotton, rice, potato, soybean, and beet sugar.

D. The example of herbicide

1. Glufosinate-ammonium

Work herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in fact, based on the deactivation of the enzyme

glutamine synthesis. Glutamine synthesis causes a reaction of ammonia and glutamic

acid to form glutamine. Ammonia, a substance that is very phytotoxic to plant cells

formed at the time of plant biochemical processes, precisely when the reduction of

nitrate, amino acid metabolism and photo-respiration. Given the fact that this enzyme is

disabled by glufosinate, ammonia can accumulate in plant cells and causes necrosis of

the lining of the plant which ultimately caused the death of the plant. Speed of action

depends on external conditions, such as humidity, temperature and moisture content in

soil. Intake of glufosinate-ammonium by plants is usually carried out through the green

leaves and plants are growing actively.

2. Glyphosate

Herbicide active ingredient glyphosate is a systemic herbicide for weed targets. Among

the four types of the active ingredient, glyphosate is the herbicide active ingredient most

widely used around the world. In addition to the systemic nature which kills the plant to

die down to the roots, are also able to control many types of weeds such as Imperata

cylindrica, Eulisine indinca, Axomophus comprsseus (pahitan), Mimosa invisa

(daughter of shame), Cyperus Iria (puzzle), Echinocloa crussgali (jajagoan ) and

others. Examples of glyphosate herbicide on the market like Rambo 480AS, 240 U.S.

Ranger, and others. The recommended applications of glyphosate herbicide was 100

ml / 14 L water for Rambo 480AS, and 150 ml ml/14 liters. glyphosate, the herbicide

most important in today's world, is herbicide translocation, inhibiting the action of the

enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in

the synthesis of three amino acids. Lim et al. (1999) reported that the use of glyphosate

caused the succession of weeds into broadleaf weed dominance. Faiz (1989) reported

that spraying of glyphosate mixture successively in rubber adult (TM) for general weed

control causes the dominance Borreria alata, senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum), and

reed (Imperata cylindrica). Succession-related weeds closely with how the herbicide is

working (modes of action). Glyphosate translocation from the leaves down to the roots

and other parts of the overall system damage in the body of weeds. Glyphosate has a

high killing power of grass and often eradicate the weed grasses such as Paspalum

conjugatum software and Ottochloa nodosa and eventually ground into the

open. Opportunities like this provide an opportunity for many of the seeds of broadleaf

weeds to germinate and eventually become dominant (Tjitrosoedirjo and Purba,

2006). Dominance of broadleaf weeds often tend to be more detrimental because it is

more difficult to control. Weeds software such as O. nodosa, P. conjugatum and

A. compressus needs to be preserved in oil palm planting (Teoh, 1984). Grass weeds

such as these are categorized as class B which is useful and requires less control B

(Anon, 1972). The use of glyphosate on an ongoing basis often leads to the occurrence

of weed eradication software while the reverse shows a mixture of paraquat (Khairul &

Teoh, 1992).

3. Paraquat

This herbicide is a contact herbicide commonly used to full grown. Which contain

active herbicide Paraquat is highly suitable for use by those who wish to cultivate land

for quick and immediate. This is because the power of paraquat is so fast that after

application, the result can be seen an hour later, so that within 3-4 days arable land

next. The examples that contain active herbicide paraquat in Indonesia just two of

Noxone 276AS and Gramoxone. Paraquat is a contact herbicide which kill plants by

disrupting cell membranes. According to Chung (1995) the use of paraquat has

advantages in terms of succession of weeds, fitotoksisitas, and rainfastness. Paraquat,

herbicide contact, causing death at the top of the weeds quickly without damaging the

root system, stolon, or rods in the ground, so that within a few weeks after the

application of weeds grow back.

4. Metsulfuron Methyl

Which contain active herbicide metsulfuron methyl is a systemic herbicide and is

selective for the rice plant. Herbicides can be used to control weeds and early pre-grown

full grown. Some weeds that are controlled by herbicides mapu include: Monocholria

vaginalis (water hyacinth), Cyperus diformis (puzzle), Echinocloa crusgalli (jajagoan),

clover and other weeds that are categorized as ferns. Billy 20WP is one such

example. Applications suggested recommendations for the use of this herbicide is 2.5

grams for each tank of 14 liters.

5. 2,4 – D

2,4 - D including one herbicide active ingredient best known. The nature of this

herbicide more or less similar to metsulfuron methyl are systemic and

selective. Herbicides can be used to control weeds either full grown broadleaf and

puzzles in rice paddies. As for some types of weeds that can be controlled with the

herbicide 2,4-D is between: Monochoria vaginalis (hyacinth), Spenochlea zeylanica,

Cyperus Iria (puzzle), Limnocharis flava (velvetleaf), water spinach, taro and

others. Examples of herbicides 2,4-D is Amandy 865AS.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY TASK

RHODENTICIDES, MOLLUSCICIDES AND HERBICIDES

Compiled By :

1. Nuzulul Rahmawati (083194002)

2. Neni Puji Astutik (083194007)

3. Dewi Rahmawati (083194012)

4. Lita Novilia (083194204)

Chemistry Education 2008 Plus

UNIVERSITY STATE OF SURABAYA

FACULTY OF MATHEMATHIC AND SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

2011

Documents

RODENTICIDES