romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) kvazi xelSekrulebebi romaelma iuristebma gamoarCies SemTxvevebi, rodesac valdebuleba warmoiSveboda, magram saxeze ar iyo

romis samarTali(safuZvlebi)

valdebulebiTi

samarTali

(kvazi xelSekrulebebi,

deliqtebi, kvazi deliqtebi)

2009 1DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) kvazi xelSekrulebebi

romaelma iuristebma gamoarCies

SemTxvevebi, rodesac valdebuleba

warmoiSveboda, magram saxeze ar iyo

arc xelSekruleba da arc deliqti;

amasTan valdebuleba warmoiSveboda

ise, TiTqos xelSekrulebas qonda

adgili. aseT SemTxvevebs maT kvazi

(TiTqos) xelSekrulebebi uwodes.



`xelSekrulebaTa saxeebis CamoTvlisSemdeg Cven ganvixilavT agreTve imvaldebulebebs, romlebic ar iTvlebiansakuTriv xelSekrulebidanwarmoqmnilad, aramed ganixilebian, rogorc kvazi (TiTqos) xelSekrulebidan warmoqmnilni, vinaidanmaTi arseboba samarTaldarRvevidan(deliqtidan) ar momdinareobs.~ instituciebi,

wigni 3, tituli XXVII.



kvazi xelSekrulebebs (quasi ex contractu) SemdegSemTxvevebSi qonda adgili:

• sxvisi saqmeebis warmoeba dauvaleblad(negotiorum gestio)

• valdebulebani warmoSobili usafuZvlogamdidrebidan (aramarTebulis gadaxda solutioindebiti)

• meurveobidan (tutela) warmoSobilivaldebulebani

• valdebulebani warmoSobili amxanagobisxelSekrulebis gareSe arsebuli saerTosakuTrebidan



sxvisi saqmeebis warmoeba

dauvaleblad (negotiorum gestio)

dauvaleblad sxvisi saqmeebis warmoeba

iseTi urTierTobaa, romlis drosac

erTi mxare (negotiorum gestor) awarmoebda

meore piris (dominus) saqmes, marTavda mis

qonebas Tu sxva, ise, rom ar qonda am

meore pirisagan davaleba.



dauvaleblad sxvisi saqmeebis warmoebis

mizani mosalodneli zianis Tavidan

acileba iyo im pirisaTvis, romelsac

TviTon ar qonda saSualeba ezruna

sakuTari interesebis dasacavad (es

ZiriTadad exeba SemTxvevebs, rodesac

piri ar imyofeboda adgilze, magaliTad,

moulodnelad gaemgzavra da aravisTvis

dauvalebia Tavisi saqmeebis warmoeba).



valdebuleba warmoeSveboda orive mxares;

• gestor-i valdebuli iyo gamoeCina gansakuTrebuli

mzrunveloba, igi pasuxs agebda misi braliT

damdgar zianze; saqmis damTavrebis Semdeg

angariSi unda Caebarebina saqmis mesakuTrisaTvis

(dominus negotii); Tu saqmis warmoebis Sedegad

gestor-s xelze aRmoaCndeboda fuli, sxva nivTebi

Tu moTxovnis ufleba unda gadaeca

patronisaTvis. gestor-i gaweuli samuSaosaTvis

gasamrjelos ar iRebda.



• mniSvnelovani iyo, rom gestor-is

moqmedebani miCneuli yofiliyo

mizanSewonilad, saqmis mesakuTris

interesebis gamomxatvelad. Tu es

ukanaskneli uars ambobda Sesrulebul

samuSaoze da ar iwonebda meore mxaris

moqmedebas, gestor-s ekisreboda

pirvandeli mdgomareobis aRdgena,

amasTan mas ar qonda ufleba moeTxova

gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba.



Tu Sesrulebul samuSaos moiwonebdasaqmis mesakuTre (dominus negotii), igivaldebuli iyo aenazRaurebina gestor-is mier gaweuli xarjebi, imisda miuxedavadmohyva Tu ara mis mier gaweul samuSaosSedegi (magaliTad, Tu gestorma gaswiaxarji daavadebuli pirutyvissamkurnalod, mas es unda aunazRaurdes, imisda miuxedavad, gadarCa Tu ara espirutyvi).



àmrigad, rodesac vinme sxvagan myofi

(araTanmyofi) piris saqmeebs marTavs, maSin

orive mxridan [maT Soris] warmoiqmneba

sarCelebi, rolmebsac ,,saqmeTa marTvidan

gamomdinare sarCelebi~ ewodebaT. magram saqmis

mesakuTres, amasTan, ekuTvnis pirdapiri

(mTavari) sarCeli im piris winaaRmdeg, romelic

mis saqmeebs marTavs, xolo saqmeTa mmarTvels

ki _ Segebebuli sarCeli. cxadia, es sarCelebi

sakuTriv raime xelSekrulebidan ar arian

warmoqmnilni.



rasakvirvelia, isini mxolod im SemTxvevaSiwarmoiqmnebian, rodesac vinme davalebis gareSesxvisi saqmeebis marTvas moisurvebs. amissafuZvelze im pirebsac, romelTa saqmeebsacmarTaven, valdebuleba ekisrebaT ise, rom maT[amis Sesaxeb] ar ician. da es [wesi] imis gamoiqna miRebuli, rom igi sasargebloa(mizanSewonilia), raTa im sxvagan myofi pirebissaqmeebi, romlebsac uecrad (moulodnelad) danaCqarevad mouxdaT ucxoeTSi gamgzavreba ise, rom maT TavianTi saqmeebis marTva veravisdaavales, uyuradRebod ar iqnas mitovebuli.



rasakvirvelia, aravin izrunebs sxvis

saqmeze, Tu mas mis mier gaweul

xarjebze sarCeli ar eqneba. rogorc,

erTi mxriv, is piri romelmac [sxvisi]

saqmeebi kargad warmarTa, valdebulebas

akisrebs saqmis mesakuTres, aseve, meore

mxriv, Tavadac iRebs valdebulebas, rom

[mesakuTres] misi saqmeebis marTvis

Taobaze angariSi Caabaros.



am SemTxevaSi nebismierma pirma angariSi

yvelaze mkacri keTilsindisierebis

mixedviT unda Caabaros. ar aris

sakmarisi, rom pirma sxvisi saqmeebis

marTvaSi iseTive keTilsindisiereba

gamoiCinos, rogorsac igi, Cveulebriv,

sakuTar saqmeebSi iCens, Tuki sxva ufro

keTilsindisier pirs saqmeebis ukeT

warmarTva SeeZlo.~ instituciebi, wigni 3, tituli

XXVII, 1.



valdebulebani warmoSobili

usafuZvlo gamdidrebidan

erTi piris qonebis usafuZvlo gazrda,

meore piris qonebis xarjze, warmoSobda

usafuZvlod miRebuli qonebis

dabrunebis valdebulebas. amis naTeli

magaliTia valis SecdomiT gadaxda

(aramarTebulis gadaxda solutio indebiti).



àseve kvazi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze

valdebulebad unda CaiTvalos is piric,

romelsac SecdomiT gadauxades iseTi vali,

romelic (misTvis) ar emarTaT. aseTi movale

srulebiT ar unda ganvixiloT, rogorc

sakuTriv xelSekrulebiT valdebuli; Tu

logikas mivyvebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rogorc

zemoT ukve aRiniSna, rom am SemTxvevaSi

valdebuleba warmoiSva ufro garigebis

moSlis, vidre xelSekrulebis dadebis

surviliT.



vinaidan iTvleba, rom valisgadaxdis msurveli fuls ufro immizniT iZleva, rom garigebamoSalos, vidre xelSekrulebadados. magram piri, romelmac[fuli] miiRo, valdebuli xdeba ise, TiTqos man sesxi aiRo da amitomigi pasuxs agebs kondiqciissarCeliT.~ instituciebi, wigni 3, tituli XXVII, 6.



usafuZvlo gamdidrebis SemTxvevebi aseve:

• garkveuli mizniT gadacemuli qoneba, Tues mizani ar ganxorcielda (mag. saqorwino saCuqari)

• naqurdali nivTi

• keTil zne-CveulebaTa winaaRmdeggadaxdili fuli (mag. imisTvis, rom arCaedina mkvleloba)

• uzomod maRali procenti.



meurveobidan (tutela) warmoSobilivaldebulebani

`meurveebsac, romlebic sasamarTloSimeurveobaze ageben pasuxs, iTvleba, romvaldebuleba ekisrebaT ara sakuTrivxelSekrulebidan /vinaidan meurvesa da obols(arasrulwlovans) Soris raime xelSekrulebaar ideba/. magram, vinaidan isini deliqtissafuZvelze ar arian pasuxismgebelni, [amitom] iTvleba, rom isini ,,kvazi (TiTqos) xelSekrulebidan~ ageben pasuxs.



da am SemTxvevaSi sarCelebi ormxrivia: radgan

ara marto obols aqvs meurveobidan

gamomdinare sarCeli meurvis winaaRmdeg, aramed,

piriqiT, meurvesac aqvs meurveobidan

gamomdinare Segebebuli sarCeli

arasrulwlovanis winaaRmdeg im SemTxvevaSi,

Tuki is arasrulwlovanis saqmeze xarjebs wevs,

an mis nacvlad valdebulebas iRebs, an kidev

oblis valis garantiis saxiT Tavis nivTs

daagiravebs.~ instituciebi, wigni 3, tituli XXVII, 2.



valdebulebani warmoSobili

amxanagobis xelSekrulebis gareSe

arsebuli saerTo sakuTrebidan

àseve, Tu ramdenime pirs amxanagobis

xelSekrulebis gareSe saerTo

[sakuTrebaSi] nivTi aqvs, radgan maT,

magaliTad, erTi da igive nivTi, legatis

saxiT Tanabrad uanderZes an aCuqes,



rom an nivTidan sargebeli mxolod man miiRo, an

imitom, rom misma amxanagma (TanamesakuTrem) an

nivTTan dakavSirebiT saWiro xarjebi gawia, am

SemTxvevaSi iTvleba, rom am pirs valdebuleba

ekisreba ara sakuTriv xelSekrulebidan, radgan

maT Soris araviTari xelSekruleba ar

dadebula. magram, vinaidan igi deliqtis

Sedegad ar agebs pasuxs, amitom iTvleba, igi

kvazi (TiTqos) xelSekrulebis safuZvelze

aris pasuxismgebeli.~instituciebi, wigni 3, tituli

XXVII, 3.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) deliqtebi (delictum)

deliqti samarTaldarRvevaa. romis samarTalSi

gansxvavebdnen kerZo da sajaro xasiaTis

samarTaldarRvevebs.

samarTaldarRveva, romelic xelyofda saxelmwifo

interesebs sajaro xasiaTs atarebda;

ufro adre sajaro xasiaTis samarTaldarRveva

aRiniSneboda terminiT iudicia publica, crimina. termini

delicta publica gviandeli warmoSobisaa da am

terminiT gamoyofdnen sajaro xasiaTis

samarTaldarRvevebs kerZo samarTaldarRvevisagan.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) deliqtebi

kerZo deliqtad (delicta privata) iTvleboda iseTi

samarTaldarRveva romelic xelyofda

calkeul adamianTa, kerZo pirTa interesebs.

uZveles xanaSi zianis braleuli da

arabraleuli miyeneba erTmaneTisgan ar iyo

gamijnuli da mas jarimis (sasjelis poena)

gadaxda mosdevda.

mogvianebiT yuradReba mieqca ganzraxvisa Tu

gaufrTxileblobis da aseve miyenebuli

zaralis anazRaurebis problemas.



kerZo deliqtebisTvis saboloodCamoyalibda Semdegi damaxasiaTebelielementebi _ saxeze unda yofiliyo:

• obieqturi ziani, romelickanonsawinaaRmdego gziT erTma pirmamiayena meores;

• deliqtis Camdeni piris brali;

• moqmedi samarTlis mier mocemuliqmedebis cnoba deliqtad.



xelSekrulebebisagan gansxvavebiT

(garda davalebis xelSekrulebisa)

deliqturi valdebulebebi

memkvidreobiT ar gadaecemoda

(gamonakliss warmoadgenda

deliqtis Sedegad SeZenili nivTis

memkvidris mier dabrunebis

valdebuleba).



Tu ziani miyenebuli iyo ramdenime pirismier sajarimo sarCeli ar SeiZlebodawaeyenebinaT TiToeuli maTganisaTvis, anu saxeze iqneboda solidarulipasuxismgebloba;

aseve sasarCelo xandazmulobis vadaddadgenili iyo erTwliani vada, iTvleboda, rom Tu piri erTi wlisvadaSi ar wauyenebda sarCels, man apatiamiyenebuli ziani samarTaldamrRvevs.



calkeuli deliqtebis saxeebi:

`mas Semdeg, rac wina wignSi

xelSekrulebidan da kvazi (TiTqos)

xelSekrulebidan warmoSobili

valdebulebebi gadmoveciT, saWiroa

samarTaldarRvevidan (deliqtidan)

warmoqmnili valdebulebebi

ganvixiloT.



Tu pirveli rigis valdebulebebi, rogorc

es Tavis adgilze ukve vTqviT, oTx saxed

iyofa, ukanasknelni (e.i. deliqturi

valdebulebani) erT jgufs Seadgenen,

vinaidan yvelas maT erTi ram, e.i.

samarTaldarRveva (deliqti), warmoSobs,

magaliTad, qurdoba, Zarcva, nivTisTvis

(qonebisTvis) an pirovnebisTvis zianis

miyeneba.~ instituciebi, wigni I, tituli I.



furtum _ qurdoba (qonebrivi uflebebis winaaRmdegmimarTuli deliqtia; aq igulisxmeba aseve _ mitaceba, miTviseba, gaflangva, sxvisi qonebisgankargva an sargebloba)

ganarCevdnen aSkara (furtum manifestum) da farulqurdobas (furtum nec manifestum); qurdobadganixileboda sxvisi nivTiT sargeblobamesakuTris nebarTvis gareSe; romis samarTaliicnobda Tavisufali adamianisa da sakuTari nivTisqurdobasac. sasjeli aSkara qurdobisTvis nivTisoTxmagi, farulisTvis ki ormagi Rirebulebisjarima iyo.



`1. qurdoba aris nivTis motyuebiT (veragulad) mitaceba, an Tavad nivTis, an [am] nivTiTsargeblobis an mflobelobis, risi daSvebacbunebis kanoniT aris akrZaluli.

2. xolo qurdobis saxelwodeba (,,furtum~) momdinareobs an sityvisagan ,,furvum~ rac ,,bnels~ niSnavs, radgan qurdoba farulad, sibneleSi daumTavresad RamiT xdeba; an [sityvebisgan] ,,fraus~ an ,,ferendo~ (,,ferre~), e.i. ,,warTmeva~ (,,motaceba~); an berZnuli sityvidan, sadac qurdebs (fures) ,,foras~-s uwodeben. da marTlac, berZnebi sityva ,,for~-s (,,qurdi~) awarmoeben sityvisgan ,,ferein~ (,,mitaceba~, waReba~).



3. xolo qurdoba ori saxisaa: aSkara

(,,manifestum~) da faruli (,,nek manifestum~)...

aSkara qurdad, romelsac berZnebi ,,danaSaulis

adgilze waswrebuls~ uwodeben, iTvleba ara

marto is, vinc TviT qurdobis Cadenisas

Seipyres, aramed agreTve isic, vinc im adgilas

iqna Sepyrobili, sadac qurdobda, magaliTad,

piri, romelmac saxlSi qurdoba Caidina, magram

saxlis zRurblis gareT gadmosvla ver

moaswro da ise Seipyres;



an is, vinc zeTisxilis baRSi an venaxSi

zeTisxili an yurZeni moipara, da imave

zeTisxilis baRSi an venaxSi Seipyres. marTlac,

orive saxis qurdoba aSkara qurdobad unda

CaiTvalos, Tuki nivTis mesakuTre an vinme sxva,

gind sajaro da gind kerZo [piris kuTvnil

teritoriaze], qurds moparuli nivTiT xelSi

xedavs an daiWers manam, sanam qurdi im adgils

ar miaRwevs, sadac mas nivTis mitana da Senaxva

hqonda ganzraxuli.



magram Tu qurdma [moparuli nivTi] iq

miitana, sadac mas misi Senaxva hqonda

ganzraxuli, igi aSkara qurdad ar

CaiTvleba, Tundac igi aq moparuli

nivTiT Seipyron. zemoTqmulidan

gasagebia, Tu romelia faruli qurdoba,

radgan is qurdoba, romelic aSkara

qurdoba ar aris, faruli qurdoba

iqneba.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli I, 1,2,3.



`xolo qurdoba xdeba ara marto maSin, rodesac vinmes mitacebis mizniT sxvisinivTi miaqvs, aramed saerTod [yovelTvis], rodesac vinme sxvis nivTs misimesakuTris survilis sawinaaRmdegodxels axlebs. amrigad, Tu kreditorisargeblobs masTan giraod datovebuli(dagiravebuli) nivTiT; an Semnaxveli(depozitari) _ im nivTiT, romelic masSesanaxad miabares;



an [kidev] Tu piri [garkveuli saxis]

sargeblobisTvis miRebuli nivTiT

sxvagvarad isargeblebs, maSin [es pirebi]

qurdobas Cadian. rogorc magaliTad, Tu

piri vercxlis WurWels

sargeblobisTvis iTxovebs ise, TiTqos

mas [es WurWeli] sadilad dapatiJebuli

stumrebisTvis esaWiroeba, magram [am

WurWels] igi qalaqgareT Tan waiRebs;



an Tu piri, romelmac cxeni [cota

xniT] samogzaurod iTxova, magram

man igi ufro xangrZlivi droiT

waiyvana; [magaliTad], rogorc amis

Sesaxeb Zveli iuristebi werdnen,

rom pirma cxeni omSi waiyvana.~

instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli I, 6.



`magram daadgines, rom is pirebi, romlebic

naTxovari nivTiT im saxiT ar

sargebloben, ra saxis sargeblobisTvis

maT [es] nivTi iTxoves, aseTi moqmedebiT

qurdobas Cadian [mxolod] im

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki maT gacnobierebuli

aqvT, rom amas isini nivTis mesakuTris

survilis (nebis) sawinaaRmdegod

akeTeben,



da es rom mesakuTres scodnoda, is maT

amis gakeTebis uflebas ar miscemda.

magram Tu isini fiqroben, rom mesakuTre

amas dauSvebs, maSin maT bralad ar

Seeracxeba. es, marTlac gansxvavebis

saukeTeso saSualebaa, vinaidan qurdobis

ganzraxvis gareSe qurdoba ar xdeba.instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli I, 7.



`9. zogjer Tavisufali adamianebis qurdobac xdeba, magaliTad, Tu moitaceben erT-erT Cvens bavSvs, romelic Cveni xelisuflebis qveS imyofeba.

10. magram zogjer sakuTari nivTis qurdobasacCadian, Tu, magaliTad, piri moiparavs nivTs, romelic man kreditis giraod misca.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli I.

`5. aSkara qurdobisTvis sasjeli rogorc monis, aseve Tavisufali pirisaTvis, [nivTisRirebulebis] oTxmagi [odenobis] jarimaa, faruliqurdobisaTvis ki _ ormagi.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli I.



rapina _ Zarcva

` vinc sxvis qonebas ZaladobiT itacebs (Zarcvavs), isic aseve qurdobidan gamomdinare sarCeliTagebs pasuxs. /marTlac, vin eqceva sxvis nivTsnivTis mesakuTris nebis sawinaaRmdegod ufrometad, vidre is, vinc ZaladobiT itacebs? amitom, sworad aris naTqvami, rom aseTi qurdiurcxvi qurdia/. magram pretorma am deliqtisgamo mainc gansakuTrebuli sarCeli SemoiRo, romelsac ZaladobiT mitacebuli (naZarcvi) qonebidan gamomdinare sarCeli ewodeba.



da es sarCeli iwvevs erTi wlis gasvlamde

oTxmag, xolo erTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg

ubralo jarimas. es sasjeli im SemTxvevaSic ki

gamoiyeneba, Tu pirma Tundac mxolod erTi

umniSvnelo [Rirebulebis] nivTi miitaca.

oTxmagi jarima mTlianad jarima ar aris da

jarimis garda nivTis moTxovna (devna) mas Tan

ar sdevs iseve, rogorc aSkara qurdobidan

gamomdinare sarCelis SemTxvevaSi, romelzedac

Cven zemoT gvqonda saubari.



magram oTxmagi jarima nivTis moTxovnasac

Seicavs ise, rom jarimad sammagi jarima

rCeba, gind mZarcveli deliqtis Cadenis

adgilas Seipyron da gindac _ sadme

sxvagan. rasakvirvelia, sasacilo

iqneboda, rom mZarcveli ufro naklebad

mZime pirobebSi Cagveyenebina, vidre is,

vinc farulad qurdobs.~



1. magram am sarCels mxolod maSin aZleven,

rodesac Zarcva boroti ganzraxviT xdeba.

pasuxismgeblobisagan unda ganTavisufldes

is piri, romelmac raRac SecdomiT sxvisi

nivTi Tavis sakuTar nivTad miiCnia da,

vinaidan samarTals ar icnobda, Zarcva im

varaudiT Caidina, rom TiTqos [mas, rogorc]

nivTis mesakuTres, nivTis mflobelisaTvis

am nivTis warTmeva ZaladobiTac ki

SeuZlia.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli II.



sxvisi nivTebis ganadgureba_dazianeba

es sakiTxi regulirdeboda akviliusis (Zv.w. IIIs.) kanoniT.

ùsamarTlod (marTlsawinaaRmdegod) miyenebulizianidan gamomdinare sarCeli akviliusis kanoniTaris dadgenili, romlis pirvel TavSigansazRvrulia, rom Tu piri marTlsawinaaRmdegod(ukanonod) moklavs sxvis monas an oTxfexapirutyvs, romelic Sinaur cxovelebs miekuTvneba, mas miusjian mesakuTrisaTvis nivTis im safasurisgadaxdas, rac ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi am nivTis umaRles [sabazro] fass warmoadgenda.



3. am kanoniT pasuxs ar agebs isic,

vinc SemTxveviT mokla, Tuki mis

[qmedebaSi] rame [Tundac msubuq]

brals (culpa) ar aRmoaCenen, radgan,

sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi, am

kanoniT igi pasuxs agebs rogorc

ganzraxi danaSaulisTvis (dolus),

aseve daudevrobisTvis (culpa).



4. ase rom, Tu vinme xelSubiT TamaSis an varjiSis

dros [iqve] gamvlel Sens monas daWris, maSin

erTmaneTisgan asxvaveben [sxvadasxva SemTxvevas],

vinaidan, Tu es jariskacma im moedanze Caidina,

sadac, Cveulebriv, [samxedroebi] varjiSoben, maSin

iTvleba, rom mas brali ar miuZRvis; magram Tu

igive sxvam Caidina, maSin igi

gaufrTxileblobisTvis pasuxs agebs. igive norma

moqmedebs im jariskacis mimarTac, romelic amas

iseTPadgilas Caidens, romelic jariskacTa

varjiSebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.



5. aseve, Tu mebaRe (totis mWreli) xidan

Camogdebuli totiT iqve mimaval Sens monas

moklavs, da Tu es sajaro an sasoflo gzis

axlos ise moxda, rom [mebaRes totis

Camogdebis win mona] ar gaufrTxilebia, rom mas

am ubeduri SemTxvevis Tavidan acileba

SeZleboda, maSin brali miuZRvis, xolo Tu man

[mona] winaswar gaafrTxila, man ki

usafrTxoebaze ar izruna, maSin totis mWreli

pasuxismgeblobisgan Tavisufalia.



aseve bralad ar SeeracxebaT

(pasuxismgeblobidan Tavisufldebian) im

SemTxvevaSic, rodesac pirs SemTxveviT

[sajaro] gzidan moSorebiT an sxvis

adgil-mamulSi, im adgilas moklaven,

sadac xeebs Wrian, Tundac igi safrTxis

Sesaxeb winaswar ar iyos

gafrTxilebuli, radgan arc erT ucxo

pirs yofnis ufleba ara aqvs.



6. garda amisa, Tu eqimma, romelmac Senimona gaWra (operacia gaukeTa), magramSemdgomi mkurnaloba ar Cautarebia, risgamoc Seni mona mokvda, maSin eqimibralisTvis daudevrobisTvis (culpa) pasuxs agebs.

7. bralad Seeracxeba eqims agreTveuvicoba (gamoucdeloba), magaliTad, Tueqimma Seni mona imitom mokla, rom masoperacia cudad gaukeTa an arasworadumkurnala.



8. aseve Tu Sens monas gaSmagebuli jorebi

gaitans, romlebic jorebis gamrekma Tavisi

gamoucdelobis gamo ver SeaCera, maSin jorebis

gamreks es bralad Seeracxeba, igi zustad aseve

agebs pasuxs im SemTxvevaSic, Tu man jorebis

SeCereba Tavisi fizikuri sisustis gamo ver

SeZlo, Tu ki sxva, ufro Zlieri, maT SeCerebas

SeZlebda. dadginda, rom igive wesi gavrceldes

agreTve cxenze amxedrebul pirze, romelmac

Tavisi fizikuri sisustis Tu gamoucdelobis

gamo gaSmagebuli cxenis Sekaveba ver SeZlo.



10. ara marto kanonis sityvasityviTi

mniSvnelobiT, aramed ganmartebiTac

gadawyda, rom unda Sefasdes ara

marto mokluli cocxali arseba,

aramed masTan erTad is zianic,

romelic am cocxali arsebis

mokvliT Tqven damatebiT

ganicadeT;



magaliTad, Tu Seni mona, romelic viRacammemkvidred daniSna, vinmem manamde mokla, vidreigi Seni brZanebiT memkvidreobaSi Sevidoda; radgan dadgenilia, rom [am SemTxvevaSi] dakarguli memkvidreobis RirebulebacmxedvelobaSi unda miiRon. aseve, Tu [erTadSebmuli] wyvili joris an cxenebisoTxeulisgan, an kidev komediur mona-msaxiobTagan erT-erTs moklaven, maSinSeafaseben ara marto mokluls, arameddamatebiT gamoiTvlian agreTve im Rirebulebas, rac cocxlad darCenilebma [amiT] dakarges.



13. mesame Tavi yvela sxva saxis ziansexeba. amrigad, Tu vinme monas an imoTxfexa cxovels daWris (ziansmiayenebs), romelic ,,Sinaur pirutyvs~ miekuTvneba; an, Tu piri daWris (ziansmiayenebs) an moklavs im oTxfexacxovels, romelsac ,,Sinaur pirutyvs~ ar miakuTvneben, magaliTad, ZaRls an gareul cxovels, aseT SemTxvevaSi[kanonis] am TaviT sarCelia dawesebuli.



kanonis amave nawiliT xdeba agreTve

yvela sxva [saxis] cxovelisTvis,

agreTve usulo sagnebisTvis

ukanonod (usamarTlod) miyenebuli

zianis vindicireba. saxeldobr, Tu

rame dawves, daangries an gatexes, am

SemTxvevaSi kanonis amave TaviT

sarCelia dadgenili.



14. cxadia, rom, rogorc [kanonis] pirveliTavis Tanaxmad, pasuxismgebloba mxolodim pirs ekisreba, romelmac sxvisi monaan oTxfexa pirutyvi ganzraxviT an gaufrTxileblobiT (culpa) mokla, [zustad] aseve, am (mesame) Tavis mixedviT, sxva saxis zianis miyenebisTvisac pirimxolod ganzrax an gaufrTxileblobiT[Cadenili qmedobisTvis(danaSaulisTvis)] agebs pasuxs.



oRond, am kanonis am Tavis Tanaxmad, zianis mimyenebels daekisreba araim odenobis Tanxis gadaxdisvaldebuleba, rac im wlisganmavlobaSi am nivTis fasswarmoadgenda, aramed imRirebulebisa, romelic nivTs bolo ocdaaT dRes hqonda.~ instituciebi, wigniIV, tituli III



iniuria _ Seuracxyofa, sxeulis dazianeba,

piradi wyenineba da sxva

kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedeba

` 1. xolo ,,ukanonobas~ (,,iniuria~) Cadian ara

marto maSin, rodesac, magaliTad, vinme muStiT

an ketiT cemes, an kidev gaSoltes, aramed im

SemTxvevaSic, Tu vinme galanZRes; an Tu erTi

piri meore piris qonebas ise eufleba, TiTqos

es ukanaskneli misi movalea, [Tumca] icis, rom

am ukanasknels misi araferi marTebs;



an Tu erTma pirma meore piris saxelisgasatexad paskvili an leqsi dawera, SeTxza, gamosca da es im borotiganzraxviT Caidina, rom meore pirs ramedauSavos; an Tu vinme ojaxis dedas an arasrulwlovan vaJsa Tu qalsaviwrovebs; an Tu iTqva, rom vinmesubiwoeba xelyofil iqna, da, bolos, cxadia, rom ,,iniuria~ (ukanonoba) kidevsxva mravali saxiT SeiZleba Caidinon.



3. iTvleba, rom monas araviTari ziani

(,,iniuria~) ar adgeba, magram misi

meSveobiT ziani adgeba mis mesakuTres

(monaTmflobels) oRond ara im saxiT,

rogorc amas adgili aqvs bavSvebisa da

colisTvis zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi,

monasTan dakavSirebiT es xdeba mxolod

maSin, rodesac monas gansakuTrebuli

sisastikiT eqcevian,



rac, aSkarad, monis mesakuTrisTvisSeuracxyofis (,,kontumelia~) misayeneblad Cadenil [qmedebad] ganixileba. magaliTad, Tu vinme sxvismonas garozgavs, am SemTxvevaSi sarCeliagaTvaliswinebuli. magram Tu vinme[sxvis] monas galanZRavs an muStsdaartyams, maSin mis mesakuTresaraviTari sarCeli ar eZleva.



4. Tu zians saerTo monas miayeneben, maSinsamarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom miyenebuliziani Sefasdes ara im wilisproporciulad, rac TiToeulTanamesakuTres ekuTvnis, aramedTanamesakuTreTa saxeliT, radgan zianimaT miayenes.

5. xolo Tu ticiuss monaze uzufruqtiekuTvnis, xolo meviuss _ sakuTrebisufleba, maSin ziani ufro meviusisTvismiyenebulad iTvleba.



6. xolo Tu ziani Tavisufal pirs miayenes, romelic Sen keTilsindisieradgemsaxureba, maSin Sen araviTari sarCeliar geZleva; magram [dazaralebuls] Tavisi saxeliT SeuZlia sasamarTloSiCivili (sarCelis aRZvra); oRond Tu igiSeni Seuracxyofis mizniT iqnaSeuracxyofili, maSin ,,iniuria-dan(ukanonobidan) gamomdinare sarCeli~ Senc geZleva.



7. xolo samarTaldarRvevisaTvis

(,,iniuria~) sasjels, Tormeti dafis

(tabulis) kanonebis Tanaxmad,

asoTdamSaveblobisaTvis talioni

warmoadgenda, xolo Zvlis

damtvrevisaTvis ki fuladi jarima iyo

dawesebuli, rogorc [yvelaze mZime

sasjeli] imdroindeli didi siRaribis

pirobebSi.



magram Semdeg pretorebma dauSves, rom ziani Tavaddazaralebulebs SeefasebinaT ise, rommosamarTles im odenobis Tanxis gadaxdamiesaja [mopasuxisaTvis], ra odenobiTac ziansdazaralebuli Seafasebda, an ufro naklebiT, TumosamarTle amas saWirod CaTvlida. xoloTormeti dafis (tabulis) kanonebiT dawesebulisasjelebi ,,samarTaldarRvevisTvis~ (,,iniuria~) xmarebidan gamovida. magram pretoris mierdawesebuli sasjelebi ki, romlebsac,,sapatiosac~ (honoraria~) uwodeben, mosamarTleebis mier xSirad gamoiyeneba.



da [dazaralebuli piris] Rirsebis xarisxisa da

patiosnebis Sesabamisad izrdeba an mcirdeba

[miyenebuli] zianis Sefaseba. sasjelis misjis

(,,kondemnacio~) dros amgvar gradacias arcTu

usafuZvlod iyeneben monis personasTan

dakavSirebiTac, ise, rom erTi sasjelia

dawesebuli im zianisTvis, romelic

[monaTmflobelis] meurneobis [saqmeTa]

mmarTvel monas miayenes, meore _ saSualo

SeZlebis da sxva sasjeli _ dabali kategoriis

an borkildadebuli monisaTvis.



9. zianis miyenebis (,,iniuria~) simZimes afaseben(gansazRvraven) an qmedobis faqtidan(garemoebidan) gamomdinare, magaliTad, Tu erTipiri meores daWris an SoltiT cems; an [qmedobis] adgilis mixedviT, magaliTad, Tuziani TeatrSi, moedanze an pretoris Tvalwiniqna miyenebuli; an [dazaralebulis] personismixedviT, magaliTad, Tu ziani magistratsmiayenes, an, Tu ubralo adamianebma zianisenators miayenes, an, Tu bavSvebma _ TavianTmamas; gaazatebulebma (libertebma) TavianTpatrons.



sxvagvarad Sefasdeba, [erTi mxriv], senatoris, mSoblisa da patronisaTvis miyenebuli zianida sxvagvarad _ gareSe piris da dabali rangisadamianisa. zogjer, samarTaldarRvevis(,,iniurias~) simZimis Sefasebisas, iTvaliswineben dazianebuli sxeulis nawilsac. magaliTad, rodesac Tvalia dazianebuli. mciremniSvneloba aqvs imis Sefasebas, Tu rogoriziani miayenes, [erTi mxriv], ojaxis mamas da, [meore mxriv], ojaxis vaJiSvils, radgan am ukanasknelisTvis miyenebuli zianic mZime[,,samarTaldarRvevad~ (iniuria)] Sefasdeba.



10. dabolos, unda vicodeT, rom yvela saxis

zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi, dazaralebuls

SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras rogorc sisxlis

samarTlis, aseve samoqalaqo samarTlis wesiT.

Tu sarCeli samoqalaqo samarTlis wesiT aris

aRZruli, maSin jarima, rogorc zeviT vTqviT,

Sefasebis Sesabamisad ganisazRvreba. xolo Tu

sarCeli sisxlis samarTlis wesiT aris

aRZruli, maSin mosamarTle Tavisi

uflebamosilebiT mopasuxes eqstraordinarul

jarimas daadebs.



11. ,,iniuria-dan gamomdinare sarCeliT~ pasuxsagebs ara mxolod is piri, vinc [sxvas] zianimiayena, anu gaartya (cema), aramed isic, vinc amasganzrax xeli Seuwyo an daexmara, rom[dazaralebulisTvis] saxeSi muStiT dartymamieyenebinaT.

12. am sarCelis [Tavidanve] argamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi, igi Zalas kargavs da amitom, Tuvinme samarTaldarRvevis (,,iniuria~), e.i. zianismiyenebisTanave Tavisi nebiT sarCels araRZravs, maSin mas SemdgomSi, Tu igi inanebs, [rom ase moiqca], sarCelis aRZvra ukve aRarSeuZlia.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli IV.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) kvazi deliqtebi

kvazi deliqti (quasi ex delicto) iyo im

SemTxvevaSi rodesac saxeze ar iyo

arc xelSekruleba da arc

deliqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

niSnebi, magram valdebuleba mainc

warmoiSveboda ise, TiTqos deliqts

qonda adgili.



` Tu mosamarTle sasamarTlo davas kanonisdarRveviT gadawyvets, mas valdebulebasakuTriv deliqtidan (,,maleficio~) arekisreba. magram, vinaidan mas valdebuleba arc xelSekrulebidan ekisreba, da [imavdroulad] mosamarTle, Tundac ucodinarobiT, [magrammainc] gadacdomis Camden [pirad] ganixileba, amitom iTvleba, rom mis valdebulebas(pasuxismgeblobas) ,,kvazi deliqti~ (,,maleficio~) warmoSobs. da mas im odenobisjarimis gadaxdas miusjian, ra odenobasackeTilsindisieri mosamarTle am saqmisTvissamarTlianad CaTvlida.



1. is piric, romlis sakuTari, naqiravebi an im

saxlidan (binidan), romelSic igi usasyidlod

cxovrobda, raime ise Camovarda an CamoiRvara,

rom sxvas ziani miayena, aseve ,,kvazi (TiTqos)

deliqtis (,,maleficio~) safuZvelze

pasuxismgebel pirad ganixileba, xolo igi

,,ara sakuTriv deliqtiT~ (maleficio~)

valdebuleba dakisrebul pirad imitom

ganixileba, radgan umravles SemTxvevaSi sxvis

bralze _ magaliTad, monis an bavSvis _ agebs

pasuxs.



mas hgavs is piric, romelmac im adgilas, romelsac xalxi, Cveulebriv, gzadiyenebs, iseT rames dadebs an Camokidebs, romelmac, Tu igi Camovarda, SeiZleba, sxva pirs ziani miayenos. aseTSemTxvevaSi aTi oqros odenobis jarimaadawesebuli. xolo im SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac raime Camovarda an CamoiRvara, miyenebuli zianis ormagi anazRaurebissarCelia dadgenili.



xolo Tu Tavisufali adamiani

mokles, maSin ormocdaaTi oqros

odenobis jarimas niSnaven. magram

Tu igi cocxali (ga)darCa da

ganacxada, rom mas ziani miayenes,

maSin mas sarCeli im odenobaze

miecema, ra odenobasac mosamarTle

am saqmisTvis samarTlianad miiCnevs.



saxeldobr, mosamarTlem undagamoiTvalos eqimebisaTvisgasamrjelod misacemi [Tanxisodenoba] da mkurnalobisaTvisgasawevi sxva xarjebi, garda amisa, imsamuSao dReebSi [asaRebi xelfasis] raodenoba, romelic man dakarga an [momavalSi] dakargavs imis gamo, romigi Sromisuunaro gaxda.



2. Tu ojaxis vaJiSvili mamisgan calke cxovrobs

da misi binidan raime Camovarda an CamoiRvara,

an Tu man raime ise dado (dadga) an Camokida,

rom Camovardnis SemTxvevaSi [sxvas] safrTxes

uqmnis, maSin, iulianes Tanaxmad, mamis

winaaRmdeg raime sarCeli ar arsebobs, xolo

sarCeli Tavad vaJiSvilis winaaRmdeg unda

aRiZras. igive wesi unda daicvan ojaxis

vaJiSvilTan dakavSirebiT im SemTxvevaSic,

rodesac man, rogorc mosamarTlem, sadavo saqme

kanonis gverdis avliT (darRveviT) gadawyvita.



3. aseve ,,kvazi deliqtze~ (,,maleficio~)

agebs pasuxs gemis mepatrone, mikitani an

mefunduke im ganzrax miyenebuli zianisa

da qurdobisaTvis, romelic gemze,

samikitnoSi an fundukSi Caidines, oRond,

Tuki raime saxis samarTaldarRveva

Tavad man ki ar Caidina, aramed erT-

erTma im pirTagan, romlebic gemze,

samikitnoSi an fundukSi msaxuroben.



imis gamo, rom mepatronis winaaRmdeg am sarCelsxelSekruleba ar warmoSobs, magramgaufrTxileblobisTvis (culpa) igi ramdenadmemainc agebs pasuxs, radgan mas samuSaod uwesoxalxi hyavda ayvanili, amitomac iTvleba, rommas pasuxismgebloba ,,kvazi deliqtis~ safuZvelze ekisreba. magram yvela am SemTxvevaSi warmoiSoba ,,qmedobis faqtidan(garemoebidan) gamomdinare sarCeli~, romelicmemkvidrezec gadadis, magram memkvidriswinaaRmdeg am sarCels ar iZlevian. instituciebi, wigni 4, tituli V.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) noqsaluri pasuxismgebloba

`monis mier samarTaldarRvevis CadenisSemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, Tu maT qurdobaan qonebis Zarcva Caidines, an vinmesziani an Seuracxyofa (iniuria) miayenes, maSin warmoiqmneba noqsaluri sarCelebi, romelTa meSveobiT monis mesakuTresnebarTva eZleva an SefasebiT dadgenilisadavo sagnis fasi gadaixados, an kidevzianis mimyenebeli mona [dazaralebuls] gadasces.



1. xolo ,,noxa~ niSnavs pirs, romelmac zianimiayena, e.i. monas. ,,noxia~ ki _ TavadsamarTaldarRvevas (maleficio) _ magaliTad, qurdobas, zianis miyenebas, Zarcvas, Seuracxyofas (iniuria).

2. xolo savsebiT safuZvliania is, rom [monismesakuTres] zianis mimyenebeli monis[dazaralebulisTvis] gadacemis nebas rTaven, vinaidan ar aris samarTliani, rom monebisTavaSvebulobam, Tavad maT garda, maTsmesakuTresac ziani moutanos.



3. monis mesakuTre, romlis winaaRmdegacmonis gamo sarCeli aRZres, am monisgadacemiT pasuxismgeblobisaganTavisufldeba. amasTan, igi monazesakuTrebasac samudamod gadascems. xoloTu mona fuls iSovis da im pirs, romelsacigi gadasces, zarals aunazRaurebs, maSinpretoris meSveobiT igi [monobidan] Tavisufldeba, Tundac monis mesakuTregaazatebis winaaRmdegi iyos.



4. xolo noqsaluri sarCelebi dawesebuliaan kanonebiT, an pretoris ediqtiT, magaliTad, qurdobidan gamomdinaresarCeli dawesebulia Tormeti dafis(tabulis) kanonebiT, zianis miyenebidangamomdinare sarCeli _ akviliusiskanoniT. pretoris ediqtiT dawesebulia, magaliTad, ,,iniuria-dan~ (,,ukanonosamarTaldarRvevidan~) da qonebisZarcvidan gamomdinare sarCelebi.



5. xolo yvela noqsaluri sarCeli im piriswinaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, romlisxelisuflebasac samarTaldamrRvevieqvemdebareba, radgan, Tu samarTaldarRvevas Senimona Caidens, maSin, sanam igi Seni xelisuflebisqveS aris, sarCeli Sens winaaRmdeg iqnebawardgenili. Tu igi sxvisi xelisuflebis qveSgadava, maSin sarCelic im piris winaaRmdeggadadis; an, Tu mas gaaazateben, maSin sarCeliTviT mis winaaRmdeg iqneba uSualod wayenebulida zianis mimyeneblis [dazaralebulisaTvis] gadacema wydeba.



meore mxriv, pirdapiri sarCeli noqsalur

sarCelSi gadadis. vinaidan, Tu,

magaliTad, Tavisufali adamiani

samarTaldarRvevas (noxia) Caidens da

Semdeg igi Seni mona gaxdeba /rac zog

SemTxvevaSi xdeba, rogorc Cven es

pirvel wignSi gadmoveciT/, maSin Sen

wagiyeneben noqsalur sarCels, romelic

manamde pirdapiri iyo.



6. xolo Tu mona samarTaldarRvevas (noxia)

Tavisi batonis (monis mesakuTris) winaaRmdeg

Caidens, maSin araviTari sarCeli ar warmoiSoba,

vinaidan batonsa da im pirs Soris, romelic

mis xelisuflebas eqvemdebareba, ar SeiZleba,

rom raime valdebuleba warmoiSvas; da

amitomac, Tu mona sxvisi xelisuflebis qveS

gadava an Tavisuflebas miiRebs, maSin arc

Tavad mis mimarT da arc im piris winaaRmdeg,

romlis xelisuflebis qveSac igi ukve imyofeba,

sarCelis aRZvra ar SeiZleba.



aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sxvisi mona Sen winaaRmdegsamarTaldarRvevas (noxia) Caidens da Semdeg igiSeni xelisuflebis qveS aRmoCndeba, maSin sarCeliikargeba, vinaidan igi iseT mdgomareobaSi gadadis, romelSic is ar SeiZleba, rom arsebobdes. amitom, Tundac [Seni mona] Seni xelisuflebidangamovides, sarCelis wardgena mainc ar SegiZlia. zustad aseve, Tu monis mesakuTre Tavisi monismimarT samarTaldarRvevas Caidens, maSin monisgaazatebis an gasxvisebis SemTxvevaSic monismesakuTris winaaRmdeg raime sarCelis aRZvramonas ar SeuZlia.~ instituciebi, wigni IV, tituli VIII.


romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)

quasi ex contractu

negotiorum gestio

negotiorum gestor

dominus

dominus negotii

solutio indebiti

delictum

iudicia publica

crimina

delicta publica

delicta privata


poena

furtum

furtum manifestum

furtum nec manifestum

rapina

iniuria

quasi ex delicto

noxa

noxia

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi)

SekiTxvebi?gmadlobT

yuradRebisaTvis!gisurvebT warmatebebs!


Documents

romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) · romis samarTali (safuZvlebi) kvazi xelSekrulebebi romaelma iuristebma gamoarCies SemTxvevebi, rodesac valdebuleba warmoiSveboda, magram saxeze ar iyo