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RksYgksikmRksYgksikm μ μ
rukçaRbmajrukçaRbmaj; nig ; nig ensaTensaT
22
karGPivDÆn_ksikmμkñúgbuBVbTénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkkarGPivDÆn_ksikmμkñúgbuBVbTénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk
etIPaBRkIRkbNþalmkBImUlehtuGIVetIPaBRkIRkbNþalmkBImUlehtuGIV ? ? PaBRkIRkbNþalmkBIkarK μan»kasRKb;RKanPaBRkIRkbNþalmkBIkarK μan»kasRKb;RKan ; ;
CaBiessKW»kaskñúgskm μPaBksikmCaBiessKW»kaskñúgskm μPaBksikm μ μ nigskm μPaBepSgnigskm μPaBepSg ² eTotEdlBak;B½næeTAdl;karRbkbrbrciBa©wm ² eTotEdlBak;B½næeTAdl;karRbkbrbrciBa©wm
CIviténRbCaBlrdæenATICnbTCIviténRbCaBlrdæenATICnbT ..
RbCaCnRbmaNCaRbCaCnRbmaNCa 85 85 PaKryPaKry rs;enATICnbTrs;enATICnbT ehIyBYkKat;RbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitedayBwgGaRs½y ehIyBYkKat;RbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitedayBwgGaRs½y
TaMgRsugelIrbrksikmTaMgRsugelIrbrksikm μ μ nigkareRbIR)as;FnFanFmμCatirYmpSMnigkareRbIR)as;FnFanFmμCatirYmpSM . . CaBiessCaBiess FnFanFnFan C;lplC;lpl nigéRBeQInigéRBeQI ..
ksikm μCaEpñkmYyd_sMxan;énesdækic©Catiksikm μCaEpñkmYyd_sMxan;énesdækic©Cati Edl)ancUlrYmcMEnkkñúgplTunCatiRbmaNCaEdl)ancUlrYmcMEnkkñúgplTunCatiRbmaNCa 45>6 45>6 PaKryPaKry
enAcenøaHqñaMenAcenøaHqñaM 93 93 -- 2001 2001 nig)anfycuHmkenARtwmnig)anfycuHmkenARtwm 30>1 30>1 PaKryPaKry kñúgqñaMkñúgqñaM 2005 2005 kñúgenaHplitplkñúgenaHplitpl
ksikm μmancMnYnksikm μmancMnYn 14>2 14>2 PaKryPaKry plitkm μbsuBüa)alplitkm μbsuBüa)al 4>6 4>6 PaKryPaKry ClplClpl 9>3 9>3 PaKryPaKry nig 2 nig 2 PaKryPaKry
))anmkBIéRBeQIanmkBIéRBeQI . .
33
etIkarGPivDÆn_ksikmμcUlrYmy:agdUcemþckñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRketIkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μcUlrYmy:agdUcemþckñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
yuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRktamry³karGPivDÆn_vis½yksikm μ)anepþatsMxyuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRktamry³karGPivDÆn_vis½yksikm μ)anepþatsMxan;eTAelIkarbegIátnUv an;eTAelIkarbegIátnUv
bribTEdlmanPaBgayRsYlsMrab;CMrujkMenInplitPaBksikmbribTEdlmanPaBgayRsYlsMrab;CMrujkMenInplitPaBksikm μ . μ . karRbwgERbg)anbegIánnUvkarRbwgERbg)anbegIánnUv
skþanuBlPaBskþanuBlPaB nigkareFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykm μksikm μedayCMrujbegIánnigkareFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykm μksikm μedayCMrujbegIán kargarkargar nigR)ak;cMnUlRKYsarnigR)ak;cMnUlRKYsar
CaBiessbegIánes,ógGahar[)anRKb;RKanCaBiessbegIánes,ógGahar[)anRKb;RKan ; .; .
kareFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykm μksikm μTamTarnUvkarKaMRTdl;ksikrkñúgkareFkareFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykm μksikm μTamTarnUvkarKaMRTdl;ksikrkñúgkareF IVksikm μRTg;RTaytUctamEbIVksikm μRTg;RTaytUctamEb
bénkareRbIR)as;bec©keTssmRsbEdlksikrGacRtYtBinitü)annUvplitPaBbénkareRbIR)as;bec©keTssmRsbEdlksikrGacRtYtBinitü)annUvplitPaB niglkçxNÐniglkçxNÐ § §
brisßanplitkmbrisßanplitkm μ . μ . kñúgdMeNaHRsayenHrYmmankñúgdMeNaHRsayenHrYmman ³ karbBa©ÚlnUvRbB½næKaMRTEpñkm:aRkUesdækic© ³ karbBa©ÚlnUvRbB½næKaMRTEpñkm:aRkUesdækic©
nigTMrg;eKalneya)ayksikm μEdlsRmYldl;karcUlrYmBIEpñkÉkCnnigTMrg;eKalneya)ayksikm μEdlsRmYldl;karcUlrYmBIEpñkÉkCn . . TnwÞmenaHTnwÞmenaH karvinieyaKkarvinieyaK
saFarN³ saFarN³ nigkarvinieyaKÉkCnnigkarvinieyaKÉkCn KYrmankarelIkTwkcitþkñúgkarksagehdæarcnasmç½n§ KYrmankarelIkTwkcitþkñúgkarksagehdæarcnasmç½n§ nigTMnijnigTMnij
rYmTaMgkarGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusSrYmTaMgkarGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusS . .
44
etIkarGPivDÆn_ksikmμcUlrYmy:agdUcemþckñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRketIkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μcUlrYmy:agdUcemþckñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
karGPivDÆn_ksikm μ)anepþatkarykcitþTukdak;edaybegIánkarTTYlxusRtUkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μ)anepþatkarykcitþTukdak;edaybegIánkarTTYlxusRtUvv rbs;ksikrRkIRkenArbs;ksikrRkIRkenA
CnbTCnbT edIm,IbgálTæPaB[BYkeK)ancUlrYmkñúgdMeNIkarGPivDÆnedIm,IbgálTæPaB[BYkeK)ancUlrYmkñúgdMeNIkarGPivDÆn _ . _ . kic©karenHRtUv)anepþImeLIgBIkic©karenHRtUv)anepþImeLIgBI
karCMruj[BYkKat;mandIFIøkarCMruj[BYkKat;mandIFIø TwkeRbIR)asTwkeRbIR)as; nigbNþameFüa)ayplitkmμepSg²eTot ; nigbNþameFüa)ayplitkmμepSg²eTot edIm,IsuvtßiPaBedIm,IsuvtßiPaB
kñúgkarciBa©wmCIvitkñúgkarciBa©wmCIvit nigkarGPivDÆn_sgÁmnigkarGPivDÆn_sgÁm . .
55
etIRksYgNaxøHEdlmankarBak;B½nækñúgkarGPivDÆn_ksikmμ ?etIRksYgNaxøHEdlmankarBak;B½nækñúgkarGPivDÆn_ksikmμ ?
saßb½nraCrdæaPi)alCaeRcInEdlmankarBak;B½n§)an nig kMBugcUlrYmkñúsaßb½nraCrdæaPi)alCaeRcInEdlmankarBak;B½n§)an nig kMBugcUlrYmkñúgkarGPivDÆn_vis½ygkarGPivDÆn_vis½y
ksikm μrYmman³ksikm μrYmman³
-- RksYgksikmRksYgksikm μ μ rukçaRbmajrukçaRbmaj; ; nigensaTnigensaT
-- RksYgFnFanTwkRksYgFnFanTwk nig]tuniymnig]tuniym
-- RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbTRksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT>>>>>>>. l .>>>>>>>. l .
66
etIkarGPivDÆn_ksikmetIkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μ μ KYreFIVkñúgkMritNaKYreFIVkñúgkMritNa ??
karGPivDÆn_ksikmkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μ μ KYrRtUv)ankMnt;c,as;las;kñúgrgVgKYrRtUv)ankMnt;c,as;las;kñúgrgVg ; ³; ³
erobcMTMrg;karsmRsbénm:aRkUesdækicerobcMTMrg;karsmRsbénm:aRkUesdækic © © RsbtameKalneya)ayRsbtameKalneya)ay nigbrisßansßab½nnigbrisßansßab½n
begIánel,ÓnGPivDÆn_RbB½næeRsacRsBedaynirnþrPaBbegIánel,ÓnGPivDÆn_RbB½næeRsacRsBedaynirnþrPaB
GPivDÆn_TIpSarnaMecjRsUvGPivDÆn_TIpSarnaMecjRsUv nigplitplepSg²eTot dUcCa³ nigplitplepSg²eTot dUcCa³ karEkécñkarEkécñ nigkarRtYtBinitüKuNPaBplitplnigkarRtYtBinitüKuNPaBplitpl
¬]>¬]>eBateBat RtIRtI >>>>¦.>>>>¦.
karBRgwgesvakmμedIm,IKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆn_ksikmkarBRgwgesvakmμedIm,IKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆn_ksikm μμ
BRgIkplitkmμbsustVBRgIkplitkmμbsustV nigesvasuxPaBstVnigesvasuxPaBstV cMNIGaharcMNIGahar karRKb;RKgkarRKb;RKg nigbegIánnUvEpnkarEkécñnigbegIánnUvEpnkarEkécñ
CMrujkarRKb;RKgCMrujkarRKb;RKg nigepIþmnUvbec©keTssmRsbdUcCanigepIþmnUvbec©keTssmRsbdUcCa kareFIVksidæancMruHkareFIVksidæancMruH RsUvRsUv--RtIRtI nig nig BRgIkkareFIVvarIvb,kmBRgIkkareFIVvarIvb,km μμ
CMrujbegIátshKmn_ensaTCMrujbegIátshKmn_ensaT nigshKmn_éRBeQInigshKmn_éRBeQI
CMrujCMruj nigBRgwgsmtßPaBRKb;kMritTaMgGs;énsßab½nrbs;RksYgksikmμ nigBRgwgsmtßPaBRKb;kMritTaMgGs;énsßab½nrbs;RksYgksikmμ rukçaRbmajrukçaRbmaj; ; nigensaTnigensaT
77
etIyuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkrbs;RksYgksikmμy:agdUcemþcetIyuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkrbs;RksYgksikmμy:agdUcemþc??
TisedA³TisedA³ elIksÞÜyvis½yksikm μedIm,ICMrujbegIánes,ógGahar elIksÞÜyvis½yksikm μedIm,ICMrujbegIánes,ógGahar nigmuxrbrdl;ksikrenACnbTnigmuxrbrdl;ksikrenACnbT ..
eKalbMNg³eKalbMNg³
eKalbMNgsMxan;énkm μviFIyuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRktamry³karGPivDÆneKalbMNgsMxan;énkm μviFIyuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRktamry³karGPivDÆn _vis½yksikm μKW ³_vis½yksikm μKW ³
manTMrg;karc,ab;mYyRKb;RKan;KYbpSMnwgPaBGMeNayplénbrisßansßab½nmanTMrg;karc,ab;mYyRKb;RKan;KYbpSMnwgPaBGMeNayplénbrisßansßab½n
ksagsmtßPaBksagsmtßPaB begIánRbB½næcMenHdwgdl;mRnIþraCrdæaPi)al nigGñkBak;B½næepSgeTotbegIánRbB½næcMenHdwgdl;mRnIþraCrdæaPi)al nigGñkBak;B½næepSgeTot
eFIVRbBlvb,kmeFIVRbBlvb,km μ μ Bhuvb,kmBhuvb,km μ μ nigsnþisuxénplitplnigsnþisuxénplitpl
karRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaBkarRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaB nigkarGPirkSnigkarGPirkS
CMrujplitplksikmCMrujplitplksikm μ nigksiμ nigksi--]sSahkmμeTAkñúgRbB½n§TIpSar ]sSahkmμeTAkñúgRbB½n§TIpSar
88
skmμPaBénkarGPivDÆn_ksikmskmμPaBénkarGPivDÆn_ksikm μ μ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRknigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk
manTMrg;karc,ab;mYyRKb;RKan;KYbpSMnwgPaBGMeNayplénbrisßansßab½nmanTMrg;karc,ab;mYyRKb;RKan;KYbpSMnwgPaBGMeNayplénbrisßansßab½n
•• c,ab;sIþBIc,ab;sIþBI ClplClpl
•• c,ab;sIþBIc,ab;sIþBI PUtKamGnam½y PUtKamGnam½y
•• c,ab;sIþBIc,ab;sIþBI karRKbRKgshKmn_ensaTkarRKbRKgshKmn_ensaT …. l. …. l.
ksagsmtßPaBksagsmtßPaB begIánRbB½næcMenHdwgdl;mRnIþraCrdæaPi)al nigGñkBak;B½næepSgeTotbegIánRbB½næcMenHdwgdl;mRnIþraCrdæaPi)al nigGñkBak;B½næepSgeTot
••karksagsmtßPaBkarksagsmtßPaB nigkargarpSBVpSaynigkargarpSBVpSay
••karRsavRCavkarRsavRCav nig nig kargarpSBVpSayksikmkargarpSBVpSayksikm μμ
••smÖar³ksikm μmanKuNPaBsmÖar³ksikm μmanKuNPaB
99
skmμPaBénkarGPivDÆksikmskmμPaBénkarGPivDÆksikm μ μ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRknigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk ¬t¦¬t¦
kat;bnßykarBwgEp¥kelIlkçxNÐFm μCatikat;bnßykarBwgEp¥kelIlkçxNÐFm μCati
BRgwgkarRtYtBinitüBRgwgkarRtYtBinitü nigRKb;RKgRbB½n§TwknigRKb;RKgRbB½n§Twk
KaMRTkareFIVRbBlvb,kmKaMRTkareFIVRbBlvb,km μ μ nigBhuvb,kmnigBhuvb,km μμ
karGPivDÆn_plitkmkarGPivDÆn_plitkm μ μ nigbsuBüa)alnigbsuBüa)al
karGPivDÆn_varIvb,kmkarGPivDÆn_varIvb,km μμ
karRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaBénFnFanFm μCatikarGPirkSkarRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaBénFnFanFm μCatikarGPirkS
karRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaBénFnFanClplkarRKb;RKgedaynirnþrPaBénFnFanClpl nigkarbegIánCIvPaBnigkarbegIánCIvPaB
shKmn_ensaTshKmn_ensaT nig nig
shKmn_éRBeQIshKmn_éRBeQI
1010
•• brimaNplRtIsrubqñaM 2005 cMnYn 410 300 etan ekInRbmaN 26 PaKry ebrimaNplRtIsrubqñaM 2005 cMnYn 410 300 etan ekInRbmaN 26 PaKry eFobbrimaNplqñaM FobbrimaNplqñaM
2004 . edayELk plensaTdayRtI qñaM 2005 cMnYn 30 000 etan ekInRbm2004 . edayELk plensaTdayRtI qñaM 2005 cMnYn 30 000 etan ekInRbmaN 100 PaKry aN 100 PaKry
eFobbrimaNplqñaM 2004 . eFobbrimaNplqñaM 2004 .
•• tulüPaBes,og ³ sl;Cag 1>319>500 etanGgár KitCaRsUvCag 2>061>800 tulüPaBes,og ³ sl;Cag 1>319>500 etanGgár KitCaRsUvCag 2>061>800 etan etan
elIsqñaMmuncMnYnCag 1>411>600 etanRsUv ehIyx<s;CagmFümPaK 10 qñaelIsqñaMmuncMnYnCag 1>411>600 etanRsUv ehIyx<s;CagmFümPaK 10 qña M knøgmk cMnYn M knøgmk cMnYn
1>500>900 etan .1>500>900 etan .
•• dMNaMrYmpSMdMNaMrYmpSM ³ ³ épÞdIdaMduHGnuvtþ)anCagépÞdIdaMduHGnuvtþ)anCag 225>500 ht 225>500 ht elIsqñaMmuncMnYnCagelIsqñaMmuncMnYnCag 32>600 ht 32>600 ht
nigbrimaNplcMnYnCagnigbrimaNplcMnYnCag 1>039>900 1>039>900 etanetan nigTinñplnigTinñpl 5/522 etan¼h>t .5/522 etan¼h>t .
•• dMNaM]sSahkmdMNaM]sSahkm μ ³ μ ³ épÞdIdaMduHGnuvtþ)anCagépÞdIdaMduHGnuvtþ)anCag 229>900 ht 229>900 ht elIsqñaMmunCagelIsqñaMmunCag 52>200 ht 52>200 ht
nigbrimaNplcMnYnCagnigbrimaNplcMnYnCag 391>500 391>500 etanetan nigTinñplnigTinñpl 1/809 etan¼h>t.1/809 etan¼h>t.
TinñplksikmTinñplksikm μμ
1111
+ 588,468+ 588,468+ 1,319,571+ 1,319,571+ 416,118+ 416,118+ 686,496+ 686,496+ 156,006+ 156,006+ 364,148+ 364,148etanetan
es,ogsles,ogsl; b; b ¤¤ xVHxVH
¬¬GgGgáá rr¦¦
1,949,3091,949,3092,013,5332,013,5331,905,8961,905,8961,936,5651,936,5651,972,3671,972,3671,918,1841,918,184etanetanesckþIRtUvkares,ogesckþIRtUvkares,og
978,451978,4511,251,8791,251,8791,037,7031,037,703873,000873,000906,609906,609823,063823,063---- R)aMgR)aMg
3,579,3383,579,3384,734,3004,734,3003,132,5813,132,5813,837,9573,837,9572,915,9002,915,9003,275,9533,275,953---- vsSavsSa
4,557,7894,557,7895,986,1795,986,1794,170,2844,170,2844,710,9574,710,9573,822,5093,822,5094,099,0164,099,016etanetanbrimaNplRbcaMqbrimaNplRbcaMq ññ aMaM
3.3993.3993.9013.9013.5363.5363.1753.1753.1813.1813.2043.204---- R)aMgR)aMg
1.9091.9092.2612.2611.7251.7251.9511.9511.7061.7061.9011.901---- vsSavsSa
2.1092.1092.4792.4791.9771.9772.1012.1011.9161.9162.0702.070etanetan¼¼h>th>tTinTin ññplRbcaMqplRbcaMq ññ aMaM
292,575292,575321,939321,939298,529298,529283,550283,550291,990291,990266,869266,869---- R)aMgR)aMg
2,009,4312,009,4312,121,5912,121,5912,075,6462,075,6462,030,7352,030,7351,845,1351,845,1351,974,0481,974,048---- vsSavsSa
2,302,0062,302,0062,443,5302,443,5302,374,1752,374,1752,314,2852,314,2852,137,1252,137,1252,240,9172,240,917h>th>téépÞdIdaMduHRbcaMqpÞdIdaMduHRbcaMq ññ aMaM
mFmFüümPaKmPaK
5q5qññ aMaM2005200520042004200320032002200220012001ÉÉktaktakMritkMNtkMritkMNt;;
plitpldMNaMRsUveRbobeFobBIqñaMplitpldMNaMRsUveRbobeFobBIqñaM 2001 2001 -- 20052005
1212
RkahVikeRbobeFobTinñplRsUvrdUvvsSaRkahVikeRbobeFobTinñplRsUvrdUvvsSa--R)aMg nigmFümPaKRbcaMqñaMBIqñaM 2001 dl; 2005R)aMg nigmFümPaKRbcaMqñaMBIqñaM 2001 dl; 2005
2.479
1.725
2.261
3.175
3.536
3.901
1.9772.101
1.9162.070
1.9511.706
1.901
3.1813.204
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Tinñp
lKit
Ca ¬
etan
¼h>t
¦
TinñplRbcaMqñaM TinñplrdUvvsSa TinñplrdUvR)aMg
1313
555,896
878,156
1,039,965
489,541
851,588
166,411
192,961
225,575
182,404
208,849
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
1,100,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
brim
aNp
l ¬
etan
¦
150,000
250,000
épÞdIdaMduH ¬hikta¦
brimaNpl épÞdIdaMduH
RkahiVkeRbóbeFobdMNaMrYmpSMRkahiVkeRbóbeFobdMNaMrYmpSM énépÞdIdaMduHénépÞdIdaMduH nigbrimaNplnigbrimaNpl 20012001--20052005
1414
391,569
216,735
270,512284,895
320,524
82,166
118,096
177,698
80,679
229,931
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
brim
aNpl
¬et
an¦
70,000
90,000
110,000
130,000
150,000
170,000
190,000
210,000
230,000
250,000
épÞdIdaMduH ¬hikta¦
brimaNpl épÞdIdaMduH
RkahiVkeRbóbeFobdMNaM]sSahkmRkahiVkeRbóbeFobdMNaM]sSahkm μ μ énépÞdIdaMduHénépÞdIdaMduH nigbrimaNplnigbrimaNpl 20012001--20052005
1515
etIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøHetIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøH ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
CMrujGnuvtþEpnkarskm μPaBtambNþatamGnuvis½y CMrujGnuvtþEpnkarskm μPaBtambNþatamGnuvis½y RsbtamEpnkaryuT§saRsþRsbtamEpnkaryuT§saRsþ
GPivDÆn_vis½y GPivDÆn_vis½y ksikmksikm μ μ qñaMqñaM 20062006--2010 .2010 .
bnþBinitüerobcMEklMGrcnasmbnþBinitüerobcMEklMGrcnasm<½n§rbs;RksYg nig<½n§rbs;RksYg nigkarksagsmtßPaBGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusS karksagsmtßPaBGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusS
eTAtambNþaGgÁPaBeRkam»vaTRksYg [RsbtamdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_bc©úb,nñ eTAtambNþaGgÁPaBeRkam»vaTRksYg [RsbtamdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_bc©úb,nñ ..
elIkkMBs;karGPivDÆn_sßab½n elIkkMBs;karGPivDÆn_sßab½n edaybnþerobcMEksMrYltYnaTIParkic©mRnþIraCkaredaybnþerobcMEksMrYltYnaTIParkic©mRnþIraCkar [[kan;Etmankan;Etman
smtßPaBsmtßPaB nigEkTRmg;rdæ)alRKb;RKgbuKÁliknigEkTRmg;rdæ)alRKb;RKgbuKÁlik edIm,IRbsiT§PaBkargaredIm,IRbsiT§PaBkargar nigbnþkarksaglixitnigbnþkarksaglixit
bTdæanc,abbTdæanc,ab ; ; niglixitbTdæaneRkamc,abniglixitbTdæaneRkamc,ab ;.;.
1616
etIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøHetIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøH ? ? ¬t¦¬t¦
EkTMrg;karRKb;RKgKMeragkmμviFIGPivDÆn_vis½yksikm μ[)ansmRsbtamrcnEkTMrg;karRKb;RKgKMeragkmμviFIGPivDÆn_vis½yksikm μ[)ansmRsbtamrcnasm<½n§rbs;RksYg asm<½n§rbs;RksYg
elIkkMBs;PaBCaédKUkñúgkic©GPivDÆn_vis½yksikmμedaybegIánnUvkarGPielIkkMBs;PaBCaédKUkñúgkic©GPivDÆn_vis½yksikmμedaybegIánnUvkarGPivDÆn_EpñkÉkCnPavUvDÆn_EpñkÉkCnPavU--
nIykm μksikmnIykm μksikm μ nigbegIánkarelIkTwkcitþdl;karvinieyaKelIvis½yksikmμ μ nigbegIánkarelIkTwkcitþdl;karvinieyaKelIvis½yksikmμ RBmTaMgbegáInkic©shRBmTaMgbegáInkic©sh
RbtibtþikarGnþrCatiRbtibtþikarGnþrCati..
bnþBRgwgkarRKb;RKgbnþBRgwgkarRKb;RKg nigsRmbsRmYl[)anl¥elIEpñkvinieyaKÉkCnkñúgvis½yksikmμ .nigsRmbsRmYl[)anl¥elIEpñkvinieyaKÉkCnkñúgvis½yksikmμ .
elIkkMBs;elIbBaðasnþisuxes,ógelIkkMBs;elIbBaðasnþisuxes,óg nigbegáInplitkm μes,ógBiessnigbegáInplitkm μes,ógBiess KWdMNaMRsUvKWdMNaMRsUv nigdMNaMes,ógrYmpSMnigdMNaMes,ógrYmpSM
1717
etIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøHetIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøH ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
cUlrYmGnuvtþeKalneya)ayTwkksikmcUlrYmGnuvtþeKalneya)ayTwkksikm μ edayBRgIkRbBn½§eRsacRsBbEnßm nigCYsCuulRbB½n§ μ edayBRgIkRbBn½§eRsacRsBbEnßm nigCYsCuulRbB½n§
eRsacRsBeRsacRsB EdlmanRsab;RBmTaMgBRgwgkarRKb;RKgEdlmanRsab;RBmTaMgBRgwgkarRKb;RKg ..
begáInrdUvdaMduHbegáInrdUvdaMduH nigBRgIképÞdIplitkm μksikm μbEnßmenAelIdInigBRgIképÞdIplitkm μksikm μbEnßmenAelIdI Edl)ane)assMGatmInrYcEdl)ane)assMGatmInrYc nigdInigdI
e)aHbg;ecalexSaHCICatie)aHbg;ecalexSaHCICati ..
EklMGRbB½nædaMduHrYmTaMgkarbegáInmuxdMNaMdaMduH EklMGRbB½nædaMduHrYmTaMgkarbegáInmuxdMNaMdaMduH karciBa©wmstVkarciBa©wmstV
nigkarciBa©wmRtItameKalkarNnigkarciBa©wmRtItameKalkarN_ _ PUmimYyplitplmYymuxPUmimYyplitplmYymux ..
CMrujkarGnuvtþRbBn§½ksikmμcMruH tamry³karbegáInKuNPaBdI CMrujkarGnuvtþRbBn§½ksikmμcMruH tamry³karbegáInKuNPaBdI karkarBardMNaMkarkarBardMNaM nigkareRCIsnigkareRCIs
erIsBUCEdlpþl;TinñplxerIsBUCEdlpþl;Tinñplx<s;. <s;.
1818
etIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøHetIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøH ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
CMrujkarGnuvtþynþÚbnIykm μEdlsmRsbCMrujkarGnuvtþynþÚbnIykm μEdlsmRsb nigbec©kviTüaplitkm μRbmUlplTMenIbnigbec©kviTüaplitkm μRbmUlplTMenIb edayepþImedayepþIm
ecjBIksidæanKMrUecjBIksidæanKMrU ..
BRgwgesvakm μKaMRTksikm μsMxan;² BRgwgesvakm μKaMRTksikm μsMxan;² rYmmanTIpSarksiplrYmmanTIpSarksipl kmμviFIGb;rMpSBVpSaykmμviFIGb;rMpSBVpSay karRsavRCavkarRsavRCav
nigBRgwgshKmn_GPivDÆn_ksikmnigBRgwgshKmn_GPivDÆn_ksikm μ .μ .
CMrujkarerobcMRbBn½§hirBaØvtßúCnbTsMrab;pþl;CMrujkarerobcMRbBn½§hirBaØvtßúCnbTsMrab;pþl;\\NTandl;ksikreRbIR)as;elIkargarplitkm μNTandl;ksikreRbIR)as;elIkargarplitkm μ
ksikm μ .ksikm μ .
BRgwgBRgwg nigBRgIkargarplitkmμstVnigBRgIkargarplitkmμstV nigEkécñkaksMNl;stVnigEkécñkaksMNl;stV EfrkSasuxPaBsaFarN³elIstV EfrkSasuxPaBsaFarN³elIstV
nigplitplmanedImkMeNItBIstVnigplitplmanedImkMeNItBIstV ..
1919
etIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøHetIRksYgksikm μmanTMenarkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bnþGIVxøH ? ¬t¦? ¬t¦
begáInKuNPaBksiplbegáInKuNPaBksipl nigCMrujkarGPivDÆn_vis½yksinigCMrujkarGPivDÆn_vis½yksi--]sSahkm μ ]sSahkm μ nigmðÚbGaharEkécñnigmðÚbGaharEkécñ
edIm,IbegáIntMélbEnßmedIm,IbegáIntMélbEnßm nigR)ak;cMNUlksikrnigR)ak;cMNUlksikr. .
cUlrYmelIkarEkTMrg;eRbIR)as;dIFIøcUlrYmelIkarEkTMrg;eRbIR)as;dIFIø nigTb;sáat;karkab;randIéRBnigTb;sáat;karkab;randIéRB nigkarkab;ykdIkan;kabnigkarkab;ykdIkan;kab ; ;
edayGnaFibetyüedayGnaFibetyü ..
EkTMrg;vis½yClpledayBRgwgkarRKb;RKgelIkareRbIR)as;FnFanClplRbkbeEkTMrg;vis½yClpledayBRgwgkarRKb;RKgelIkareRbIR)as;FnFanClplRbkbeday day
nirnþrPaBnirnþrPaB niglubbM)at;skm μPaBeFVIensaTxusc,ab;rYmmankarbM)at;]brN_hamXatniglubbM)at;skm μPaBeFVIensaTxusc,ab;rYmmankarbM)at;]brN_hamXat; ;
RKb;RbePTRKb;RbePT nigkarkab;bMpøajéRBlicTwknigkarkab;bMpøajéRBlicTwk ..
EkTMrg;éRBeQIedayBRgwgkarRKb;RKgEkTMrg;éRBeQIedayBRgwgkarRKb;RKg nigGPirkSFnFanéRBeQInigGPirkSFnFanéRBeQI nigbnþkarlb;bM)at;PaBnigbnþkarlb;bM)at;PaB
GnaFibetyüelIvis½yéRBeQI GnaFibetyüelIvis½yéRBeQI nigstVéRBnigstVéRB ..
2020