PPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMI

SCIENCE

FORM 4

MODULE 2

PPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMIPPSMI

HEREDITY AND VARIATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA

2

MODULE 2: HEREDITY AND VARIATION Arahan:

1. Modul ini mengandungi tiga puluh lapan soalan. Semua soalan adalah dalam bahasa Inggeris.

2. Modul merangkumi enam konstruk yang diuji

K1 - Memahami soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris K3 - Memahami istilah sains dalam bahasa Inggeris K5 - Menguasai konstruk pengetahuan K6 - Menguasai konstruk kefahaman K7 - Menguasai konstruk kemahiran K10 - Memahami pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam bahasa Inggeris

3. Murid hendaklah menulis maklumat diri dalam kertas jawapan objektif disediakan. Murid juga perlu memastikan maklumat konstruk, nombor soalan dan jumlah soalan seperti yang dibaca oleh guru di dalam ruangan disediakan dalam kertas jawapan objektif sebelum ujian.

4. Bagi soalan objektif, anda perlu menandakan jawapan dengan menghitamkan

pilihan jawapan pada pilihan jawapan A , B , C atau D pada kertas jawapan objektif.

Contoh:

Antara berikut, yang manakah haiwan?

A. Pokok B. Kambing C. Kereta D. Pen

5. Untuk soalan subjektif, jawapan hendaklah ditulis pada kertas berasingan

yang disediakan oleh guru. 6. Bagi soalan 35 hingga 38, murid hendaklah mendengar arahan daripada guru.

7. Jawab semua soalan.

Modul ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak

D A B C E

3

1 Mitosis is a process of cell division that occurs in all cells except in sex cells. The

cell is called somatic cells. What type of cells carry out mitosis?

A Sex cells

B Sperm cell

C Somatic cells

D Gamete cells

2 In meiosis, each parent cell divides into four daughter cells. The number of

chromosomes in each daughter cell is only half the parent cell.

How many daughter cells are produced? A 2

B 3

C 4

D 8

3 The daughter cells from mitosis are genetically identical to each other as to the

parent cell. The daughter cells from meiosis are not genetically identical to each other or to parent cell.

In which cell division, the daughter cells are genetically identical to each other? A Mitosis

B Meiosis

C Mutation

D Variation

4

4 Phenotype is the characteristic that can be observed or determined. For

example, the trait for hair type has two types of phenotype that is curly hair and straight hair. What are the two types of phenotype state above? I Curly hair II Blonde hair III Straight hair A I and II only

B II and III only

C I and III only

D I, II and III

5 There are two types of sex chromosomes, that is the X chromosome and the Y

chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. What are the sex chromosomes found in male? A X

B Y

C X and Y

D X and X

6 A spontaneous random change in the genetic material of a cell is known as

A mitosis

B meiosis

C mutation

D variation

5

7 Figure shows different type of thumb prints.

The difference is due to

A mutation

B variation

C identical

D inheritance

8 Fine thread-like structures that carry genetic information is called

A DNA

B genes

C chromatids

D chromosomes

9 This process ensures that each daughter cell will receive exactly the same

number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is called

A mitosis

B meiosis

C mutation

D variation

6

10 The characteristic that can be inherited such as skin colour, type of hair and blood group is known as

A variation

B mutation

C genotype

D phenotype

11 Which of the following genetic disease is caused by gene mutation? I Albinism II Hemophilia III Down’s syndrome IV Turner’s syndrome

A I and II only

B I and IV only

C II and III only

D III and IV only

12 How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

A One

B Two

C Four

D Eight

7

13 Which of the following are reproductive cells? I ovum cell II sperm cell III red blood cell

A I and II only

B I and III only

C II and III only

D I, II and III

14 Which of the following is not the cause by mutation?

A Klinefelter’s Syndrome

B Colour blindness

C Thalassaemia

D Diabetes

15 What are the advantages of mutations?

I Highly resistant to diseases II Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases III More adaptable to the environmental changes

A I and II only

B I and III only

C II and III only

D I, II and III

8

16 Figure shows the exchange of genetic materials between chromatids during

A mitosis

B meiosis

C variation

D mutation

17 Two factors that cause variation are

A genetic and environment

B health and environment

C wealth and genetic

D nutrition and health

18 What is the purpose of the mitosis?

A Formation of male and female gametes for reproduction

B Addition of cells for growth and for replacement of injured or dead cells

C The number of chromosomes produce are half the number of

chromosomes of parent cells

D The number of chromosomes produce are double the number of

chromosomes of parent cells

9

19 Which of these pictures shows the recessive traits?

20 Which of the following is a continuous variation?

A Straight hair

B Blood group

C Lobed ear

D Height

21

The statements above state the part of the process of

A cloning

B regeneration

C tissue cultured

D selective breeding

A

C

B

D

• Choose animals or plants which have the best characteristics

• Choose the best offspring and breed them with each other

10

22 Table shows some of human traits.

Traits X Y Dimple Present Absent

Iris colour Black iris Blue iris Use of hand Right-handed Left-handed

Lips Thick Thin X and Y represent

X Y

A Recessive Dominant

B Dominant Dominant

C Dominant Recessive

D Recessive Recessive

11

23 What are the characteristic can be observed in the twin produced?

I Same gender

II Different gender

III Same genetic

A I and II only

B II and III only

C I and III only

D I, II, and III

One ovum One sperm

One zygote is formed

zygote divides into two

growth

fertilisation

division

12

24

Parent Gamete Offspring Which of the offspring is a carrier for colour-blind?

A P and R

B P and Q

C R and S

D Q and S

XbY

Xb

XB XB

Y XB XB

XB Xb XB Xb XBY XBY

x

S R Q P

B – dominant gene b – recessive gene

Colour-blind father Normal mother

13

25 Figure shows the determination of sex. What are represented by P, Q, R and S?

P Q R S

A Y X XX XY

B X X XY XX

C X Y XX XY

D Y Y XY XY

26 Which of the following is correct regarding the differences between mitosis and

meiosis?

Mitosis Meiosis

A Produces two daughter cells

Produces four daughter cells

B Crossing-over may occur No crossing-over C Causes variation No variation D Occurs in gametic cells Occurs in somatic cells

XY

X

XX

P Q X

R XX XY S

x

Father Mother

Parents

Gametes

Genotype

14

27 Which of the following is correct regarding the differences between identical twins

and non-identical twins ?

Identical Twins Non-identical Twins A Different traits Similar or identical traits B One sperm will fertilize one

ovum Two sperms will fertilize two ova

C Both babies are of the same or different gender

Both babies are of the same gender

D Different genetic content Similar genetic content

27 Which of the following is correct about advantages and disadvantages of mutations?

Advantages Disadvantages

A More adaptable to the environmental changes

Highly resistant to diseases

B Can produce offspring with better characteristics

Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases

C Highly resistant to diseases Can produce offspring with better characteristics

D Can cause several kinds of inherited diseases

More adaptable to the environmental changes

15

28 Figure shows a schematic diagram of a cross breeding. What types of offspring are represented by R?

A TT : TT : tt : tt B Tt : Tt : Tt : Tt C TT : Tt : Tt : tt D TT : Tt : tt : tt

Tt

R

X tt

16

29 The graph below shows the distribution of a characteristic, X.

Name the type of variation shown by the graph.

A A Mutation

B B Depletion

C C Continuous

D D Discontinuous

X

Num

bero

fstu

dent

s

17

30 Figures show the stages in mitosis. Rearrange the stage in the correct order. A Q, U, P, T, R, S B P, S, U, R, Q, T C S, R, T, P, U, Q D T, Q, R, U, S, P

P

R

T U

S

Q

18

32 Blue iris is controlled by a recessive gene. If a father has blue iris and a mother

is of a pure breed for black iris, what are the chances of their children having black iris ?

A 0 % B 25 % C 50 % D 100 % 33 Rearrange the process of selective breeding below in the correct order.

P Q R S

A Q, S, P, R B P, R, Q, S C C R, P, S, Q D D Q, S, P, R

Choose the best offspring and breed them with each other

Choose animals or plants which have the best characteristics

Continue breeding over and over again to improve the characteristics

Breed them with each other

19

34 Figure shows the development of non-identical twins. Choose the correct

statement for X, Y and Z.

X Y Z A Two sperms fertilize

two ovums Two foetuses have separate placentas

Two zygotes will be produced

B Two zygotes will be produced

Two sperms fertilize two ovums

Two foetuses have separate placentas

C Two sperms fertilize two ovums

Two zygotes will be produced

Two foetuses have separate placentas

D Two zygotes will be produced

Two foetuses have separate placentas

Two sperms fertilize two ovums

20

Question 35 to 38 Listen to the teacher and follow the instructions given. Then, answer the question. 35

What is NOT the importance of selective breeding in plants ?

A Shorter growth period B Produce resistant to diseases C Make useful drugs in animals milk D Better quality produce

36

What is continuous variation mean?

A Differences in characteristics shown by organism belonging to the same natural population or species

B Certain characteristics that show a complete gradiation from extreme to another without any break

C Certain characteristics within a population which exhibit a limited form of variation

D Certain characteristics that show a complete gradiation

21

37

This statement refers to

A chromosome mutation B gene mutations C variations D mutation

38

What is the important of mitosis?

A Produces gametes B Formation of new species C Help to resistance of pathogens D Help us replace dead or damaged cells

16 17

18

19

20

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

21 22

23

24

25

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

26 27

28

29

30

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

Tahun/ Tingkatan : 4 Mata Pelajaran: SAINS

GUNAKAN PENSIL 2B ATAU BB SAHAJA. TENTUKAN TIAP-TIAP TANDA ITU HITAM DAN MEMENUHI KESELURUHAN RUANG. PADAMKAN HINGGA HABIS MANA-MANA TANDA YANG ANDA UBAH

SILA HITAMKAN JAWAPAN DI BAWAH MENGIKUT HURUF JAWAPAN YANG ANDA PILIH

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIAKERTAS JAWAPAN OBJEKTIF

Ujian Diagnostik

5152

53

54

55

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

5657

58

59

60

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

4647

48

49

50

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

4142

43

44

45

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

31 32

33

34

35

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

36 37

38

39

40

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

1 2

3

4

5

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

6 7

8

9

10

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

11 12

13

14

15

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

A B C D E

Konstruk No. Soalan Jumlah Soalan

Bilangan Soalan Gagal Dijawab

Kegunaan Guru

K1

K3

K5

K6

K7

K10

1-5

6-10

11-20

21-25

26-34

35-38

5

5

10

5

9

4

1

9

2

3

10

4

5

6

7

8

Nama Pelajar:

Nama Sekolah: Modul: 2